57825024 Cell as the Basic Unit of Life

7/29/2019 57825024 Cell as the Basic Unit of Life

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CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

(sel sebagai unit asas hidupan)

CHAPTER 2


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CELLS

What is a cell?

A cell is the basic unit of all living things

(sel ialah unit asas bagi benda hidup)

The cell structures can be observed by using amicroscope.

Plant cells and animal cells differ in their shapes

and functions. Its function is to carry out life processes.

Its size is too small to be seen with the naked eye.


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microscope

Show microscope


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How to use a microscope correctly

1)Turn the low power objective lens until it is

directly above the hole in the stage

2)Look through the eyepiece.Adjust the mirror

so that enough light enters the microscope.

3)Place the slide on the stage and hold it in

place with the clip.


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4) Look at the side of the microscope.Turn the

coarse focus knob clockwise to move the body

tube down until it almost touches the slide.

5)Look into microscope. Turn the coarse focus

knob anticlockwise to move the body tube up

until the specimen can be seen clearly.6)Turn the fine focus knob clockwise until the

specimen can be clearly seen.


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Plant cells (sel tumbuhan)


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Animal cell (sel haiwan)


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The function of cell structures

Cell structure

(struktur sel)

Function ( fungsi)

Nucleus

(nukleus)

Controls all the cell activities

Mengawal semua aktiviti selCytoplasm

(sitoplasma)

-Place where chemical processes

occur (tempat dimana proses

kimia berlaku)


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Cell membrane

(membran sel)

Control the movement of substance in

and out of the cell.

(mengawal pergerakan keluar dan masukbahan-bahan dari sel)

Cell wall ( dinding

sel)

Maintains the shape of the cell

(mengekalkan bentuk sel)

Vacuoles (vakuol) Contains cell sap with dissolved mineral.(mengandungi sap sel dgn garam mineral

terlarut)

Stores water and dissolved minerals

Chloroplast(kloroplas)

Contains green pigments called chlorophyllthat absorbs light for photosynthesis.

(mengandungi pigmen hijau yg dipanggil

klorofil yg menyerap cahaya utk

fotosintesis)


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TEST YOURSELF.

1. Below are some structure of cells

(a) Which structures are present in animal cells?

(b) Which structures are present in plant cells?

(c) Which structures are present in both animalcells and plant cells.

Cell wall cell membrane nucleus

Vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast


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2. Which component of a cell controls its overall

activities?

3. Describe the functions of each of the

following.

(a) cell membrane

(b) cell wall

(c) chloroplast


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Unicellular and Multicellular

Organisms

1) Unicellular organism consists ofonly one cell.

(organisma unisel adalah benda hidup yg terdiri

drpd satu sel shj)

2) Example : Amoeba , paramecium, Euglena

3) Amoeba can change its shape

4) Euglena and chlamydomonas can make itsown food because it has chloroplast.


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5) Live in watery places or wet areas

(hidup di kawasan berair atau lembap)


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1. Multicellular organism consists ofmany

cells. (organisma multisel adalah benda

hidup yg terdiri drpd byk sel)2. Example : hydra, spirogyra

m/s 47 spirogyra consists of many cells joined together. These cells form

Multicellular organism


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Hydra Spirogyra Mucor


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CELL ORGANISATION IN THE HUMAN

BODY

The organisation of the human cell are asfollows :

Organisasi sel manusia adalah seperti berikut:

CELL

TISSUE

ORGAN

SYSTEM

ORGANISM


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TYPE OF CELL (JENIS SEL)

1. Red blood cell (sel darah merah)

Function : transports oxygen throughout the

body (angkut oksigen dlm badan)


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2. Muscle cell (sel otot)

Function : to allow movements of the body

(pergerakan badan)


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3. White blood cell (sel darah putih)

Function : destroys bacteria (musnahkan

bakteria)

(melindungi badan drp serangan

mikroorganisma)


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4. Epithelial cells (sel epitelium)

Function : cover and protect the body surfaces(menutup & melindungi permukaan badan)


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5. Nerve cell (sel saraf)

Function : carries information in our body


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6. Bone cells (sel tulang)

Function : protect and support the body

(melindungi & menyokong badan)
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020owm15LoUAAzNaJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBpdnJhMHUzBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1i5omga8k/EXP=1264577712/**http:/images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=bone+cell&ei=utf-8&y=Search&fr=yfp-t-701&w=350&h=242&imgurl=www.harunyahya.com/articles/ramadan_2006/images/bone.jpg&rurl=http://us1.harunyahya.com/Detail/T/EDCRFV/productId/5021/RAMADAN_2006_THE_21TH_DAY&size=23k&name=bone+jpg&p=bone+cell&oid=bf6663a8dc4ce026&fr2=&no=1&tt=24531&sigr=12ia8bppo&sigi=11o4bl03k&sigb=12ntul81e


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7. Reproductive cells (sperm / ovum)

(sel pembiakan) Function : produce offspring

(menghasilkan anak)
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S02060ml5LBpIAZReJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBqdGFzdWxiBHBvcwMxNQRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZAM-/SIG=1g977mm5s/EXP=1264577588/**http:/images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=sperm&ei=utf-8&y=Search&fr=yfp-t-701&w=300&h=224&imgurl=www.baby-maternity.com/images/sperm.jpg&rurl=http://www.baby-maternity.com/pregnancy/fertility/fertility-facts.html&size=12k&name=sperm+jpg&p=sperm&oid=2c3e3efdf010f66c&fr2=&no=15&tt=156421&sigr=1268ki12t&sigi=1171oatsn&sigb=12jelao77http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S02060ml5LBpIAZheJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBqZDFlYmxzBHBvcwMxNgRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZAM-/SIG=1fvu0tbtp/EXP=1264577588/**http:/images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=sperm&ei=utf-8&y=Search&fr=yfp-t-701&w=400&h=401&imgurl=emonk.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/sperm.jpg&rurl=http://emonk.org/2009/04/post-mortem-parenthood&size=14k&name=sperm&p=sperm&oid=b4a146b113fdd82a&fr2=&no=16&tt=156421&sigr=11f7vasba&sigi=11e7mtlo5&sigb=12jelao77


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TISSUE

Tissue is a group of similar cells that perform

the same function.

(tisu ialah sekumpulan sel yang sama yang

menjalankan fungsi yang sama)


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ORGAN

1. A few different types of tissues grouptogether to form an organ (e.g organ - thesmall intestine : muscle tissue and epithelial

tissue)(beberapa jenis tisu bergabung utk membtkorgan , cth usus kecil)

2. Example organs in human body:heart,eyes,ears,lungs,liver,skin,kidneys,reproductive organs


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THERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF HUMAN ORGANS

AS SHOWN BELOW

BRAIN


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INTESTINE

STOMACH

HEART

SKIN

APPENDIX

LIVER

LUNG

NOSE

EYE

BRAIN

EAR


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SYSTEM

A group of organs working together to

perform a specific function (e.g digestive

system)

(sekumpulan organ yg berfungsi bersama utk

mjalankan fungsi yg khusus cthnya sistem

pencernaan)


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system Organ forming a

system

Function

Respiratory

system

Sistem

pernafasan

Nose, trache ,

lungs ,

diaphragm

(hidung , trakea,

peparu,

diafragma)

supplies oxygen to the body

(membekalkan oksigen kpd

badan)

Removes carbon dioxide from

the body

(membuang karbon diokida drpbadan)

Blood

circulatory

system(sistem

peredaran

darah)

Heart , blood

vessels

(jantung , salurdarah)

carries oxygen and digested

food throughout the body

(membawa oksigen & makanantercerna ke seluruh badan)

Removes wastes from the cells

(membuang bahan buangan drp

sel-sel)


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Digestive

system

Sistem

pencernaa

n

Mouth,oesopha

gus, stomach,

pancreas,

intertines

Mulut,

esofagus, perut,

pankreas, usus

Digest and absorbs food

(mencernakan &

menyerap makanan)

Eliminates solid wastes

(menyingkirkan sisa

buangan pepejal)

Skeletal

system

Sistem

rangka

Bones, skull

Tulang,

tengkorak

Supports the body

(menyokong badan)

Protect the internal

organs(melindungi organ-organ

dalaman)


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SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS

Digests food andabsorb nutrient


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Muscular system

Enables body

movement

(membolehkan

pergerakan badan)


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Skeletal system

1)supports the body

2) protect the internal organs


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1)Supplies

oxygen to the

body2)removes

carbon dioxide

from the body


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1)Transportoxygen

and digested

food tothe body

2)removes

wastes from

the cells


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1)Detects and

sends

information in

the body


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Excretory system

Removes wastes

from the body


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Reproductive system

Produces offsprings


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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

1)Body defense

2) Remove bacteria

from the tissue


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Coordination of

body activities ,

such as

digestionand metabolism


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organism

Made up of several systems that work together

(e.g the human being)

(Terdiri drp beberapa sistem yg berfungsi

bersama cthnya manusia)


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The organisation..

Cell Tissue organ

system organism


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Humans are complex organisms?

1. The human body is made up of billions of

cells

badan manusia terdiri drpd berjuta-juta sel.

2. A human being is a complex organism.

manusia adalah organisma yg kompleks


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3. Human being is a complex organism because

it has different types of cells, tissues, organs

and systems that coordinate well.

manusia ialah organisma kompleks kerana

mempunyai pelbagai jenis sel, tisu, organ dan

sistem yang tersusun dgn baik


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Questions (1)


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(2) What is structure P?

(3) A plant cell has a definite shape


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(3) A plant cell has a definite shape

because

A) It has a cell wall

B) It can make food

C) It has a large vacuole

D) Its cell membrane is hard


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4) Which of the following structures

makes a plant cell different from an

animal cell?

A) Nucleus

B) Cell wall

C) Cytoplasm

D) protoplasm

5) Which of the following is NOT a


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5) Which of the following is NOT a

unicellular organism?

A) Chlamydomonas

B) Amoeba

C) Euglena

D) Hydra


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6) Diagram shows a living organism

The organism is

A)A parameciumB)An amoeba

C)A hydra

D)A yeast


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7) Diagram shows a plant cell.

Among structures A, B , C orD, which is responsible for producing food?

8) Diagram shows one type of tissues


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8) Diagram shows one type of tissues

in the human body.

The tissue is

A)Epithelial tissue

B)Nerve tissue

C)Connective tissue

D)Muscle tissue


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9) Name the cells


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10) Name the organisms.


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11) Name the labelled L?


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57825024 Cell as the Basic Unit of Life