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ARGENTINA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAME French Guiana(France)COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
B R A Z I L
CH
IL
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ARGENTINA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAME French Guiana(France)COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
B R A Z I L
CH
IL
E
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58 Places to knowSouth America
© Oxford University PressTransverse Mercator Projection
Angel FallsThe world’s highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a drop of 979 m (or nearly 1 km). They are named after Jimmy Angel, an American.
Alpaca countryAlpacas are reared in most of the Andes for their hair, which is used to make socks, sweaters, caps, ponchos, blankets …
PatagoniaThis region is shared by Chile and Argentina. It has stunning scenery – mountains, rivers, lakes, and icebergs.
The Atacama desertIt’s in Chile, between the Andes and the coast … and is said to be the driest place on Earth.
Machu PicchuThe remains of an estate built for an Inca emperor. The Inca Empire was centred in Peru, but took in most of the Andes. Spain put an end to it during the Spanish Conquest, that began in 1532.
The Galapagos IslandsHere you will see animal species found nowhere else. You might even read to a giant Galapagos tortoise! They grow to almost 2 m long, and can live to well over 100.
The AndesThe world’s longest mountain range runs right down the continent, near the west coast.
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ARGENTINA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAME French Guiana(France)COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
B R A Z I L
CH
IL
E
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ARGENTINA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAME French Guiana(France)COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
URUGUAY
B R A Z I L
CH
IL
E
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Places to know 59Places to know South America
© Oxford University Press
The River AmazonThe world’s second longest river, at 6400 km. (The Nile is first.) It rises in Peru, and flows through Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean, draining water from Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia. Most of its journey is on flat flood plain, through rainforest.
The Amazon rainforestThe largest area of rainforest left in the world. Most of it is in Brazil, but it also extends into eight other countries. It has a vast number of plant and animal species – and every year, some of it is destroyed.
A football nationBrazil has won the World Cup more often than any other country. (Five times.)
BrasiliaThe capital of Brazil – specially built to be capital, and ‘opened’ in 1969. (Before that, Rio was the capital.)
The Falkland IslandsThis shows homes in Stanley, capital of the Falkland Islands – which are British territory. Population: about 3000. Argentina also claims the islands, and this causes conflict.
Rio de JaneiroThe most visited city in South America. The giant statue of Christ the Redeemer looks down on it. In the distance is Sugarloaf Mountain, with its tall domed peak. The city has several famous beaches. Copacabana is one.
Tierra del Fuego, and Cape HornTierra del Fuego is the group of islands off the tip of South America. The most southerly one is Cape Horn. In the 18th century, ships sailing between Asia and Europe went round Cape Horn – and many were lost in storms. Now, round-the-world yacht races pass by. (And ships use the Panama Canal!)
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