5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond

- Vision and Key Enabling Technologies -

Wonil Roh, Ph.D.

Vice President & Head of Advanced Communications Lab

DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Corp.

EUCNC 2014, Bologna June 2014

2

Table of Contents

5G Vision & Key Requirements

3

Mobile Trend

4

2010 2020 Year

De

vice

s

12.5Bn

50Bn

2013 2018 Year

Byt

es

/Mo

nth

1.5EB

15.9EB

2013 2020 Year

Pe

rce

nt

35%

70%

2013 2018 Year

Co

nn

ect

ion

s

7Bn

10.2Bn

[1] VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast 2013-2018, Cisco, 2014 [2] The Mobile Economy, GSMA, 2014 [3] Internet of Things, Cisco, 2013 EB (Exa Bytes) = 1,000,000 TB (Tera Bytes)

Mobile Data Traffic[1]

Mobile Cloud Traffic[2]

Mobile Connections[1]

Things Connected[3]

5G Vision

5

Immersive Experience

Lifelike media everywhere

Ubiquitous Connectivity

An intelligent web of connected things

Everything on Cloud

Desktop-like experience on the go

Intuitive Remote Access

Real-time remote control of machines

5G Service Vision 5G Vision

6

Lagging Cloud Service Instantaneous Cloud Service

[1] Signals Ahead, AT&T Drive Test Results and Report Preview, 2011 [2] The State of LTE, OpenSignal, 2014 [3] Seagate ST2000DM001 (2TB, 7200rpm

Cloud Service

~ 20 min (Worldwide Avg.)

to download HD movie (1.2GB)

LTE Downlink Performance[2]

World 7.5 Mbps Korea 18.6 Mbps

America 6.5 Mbps

* Top 3 Cloud Service Provider measured in Suwon Office (2013) Including connect time and response time

Cloud Service

Latency : ~ 5 ms

~ 9.6 sec to download HD movie (1.2GB)

Desktop HDD[3]

Access Time 8.5 ms

Transfer Rate 1.2 Gbps

Latency : ~ 50 ms[1]

Requirements for Mobile Cloud Service

• E2E NW Latency < 5 ms

• Data Rate > 1.0 Gbps

As-Is To-Be

Everything on Cloud 5G Vision

Cloud Service Initial Access Time*

Provider A 82 ms Provider B 111 ms Provider C 128 ms

7

Immersive Experience

720p HD 12 users

User Experience

Loading Delay 1.6 sec*

LTE Cell Capacity

Cell Throughput 64 Mbps[1]

[1] 3GPP Submission Package for IMT-Advanced, 3GPP Contribution RP-090939 [2] https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en [3] http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/rd/rd140/PDF/P12-21.pdf

Required Bandwidth 720p HD[2] : 5 Mbps 8K UHD[3] : 85 Mbps

Hologram

AR / VR

8K UHD > 100 users

* Assuming 720p HD, 1 sec buffering, E2E latency 50ms and TCP connection

AR : Augmented Reality VR : Virtual Reality

Requirements for Immersive Service

• E2E NW Latency < 5 ms

• Cell Throughput > 10.0 Gbps

5G Vision

Limited High Quality Experience Constant Ultra High Quality Experience

As-Is To-Be

8

Ubiquitous Connectivity 5G Vision

~

` Personal

Human Centric, Limited Connections An intelligent web of connected things (IoT)

As-Is To-Be

Manufacturing

Retail

City, Transportation

Home

Intuitive Remote Access 5G Vision

Control Center

Remote Surgery

Remote Driving Hazardous Work

9

Short Range, Limited Control Long Range, Real-time Full Control

As-Is To-Be

10

Comprehensive Requirements of “New IMT (5G)” in 7 Categories, Dubbed as

100

Mobility

High

Future IMT

1000 Peak Data Rate (Mbit/s)

10000 10 1

Low

IMT-2000 IMT-Adv.

Enhanced IMT-Adv.

New radio local area network (RLAN)

50000

ITU-R WP5D/TEMP/390-E

Overview Key Requirements

11

Order of Magnitude Improvement in Peak Data Rate

Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps

‘10 ‘00 ‘20 ‘07

50 Gbps

1 Gbps

Year

Data Rate

384 kbps[2]

75 Mbps[2]

6 Gbps[2]

14 Mbps[1]

1 Gbps[1]

50 Gbps[1]

More than x50 over 4G

[1] Theoretical Peak Data Rate [2] Data Rate of First Commercial Products

Peak Data Rate Ultra Fast Data Transmission Key Requirements

12

Uniform Experience of Gbps Speed and Instantaneous Response

QoE BS Location

Cell Edge

QoE BS Location

Uniform Experience Regardless of User-location

1 Gbps Anywhere

Latency

Cell Edge Data Rate

E2E Latency < 5 msec

Air Latency < 1 msec

10 ms

1 ms

5 ms

50 ms

E2E Latency

Air Latency

A Tenth of Air Latency

A Tenth of E2E Latency

Superior User Experience Key Requirements

10 ms

10 Times More Simultaneous IoT Connections than 4G

Simultaneous Connection

Massive Connectivity

13

Key Requirements

4 Billion 15 Billion

80 Billion

Nu

mb

er

of

Dev

ice

s Year

Source : Internet of Things by IDATE, 2013

2010 2012 2020

~

Current

Future

Smart Transportation

Smart Health

Smart City

Smart Retail

Smart Manufacturing

Smart Home

`

14

50 Times More Cost Effective than 4G

Time

Operator Revenue

Traffic Volume ( ∝Operator Cost )

CAPEX[1] OPEX[2]

[1] Radio Network Sharing – new paradigm for LTE, http://www.telecom-cloud.net/radio-network-sharing-the-new-paradigm [2] Quest for margins: operational cost strategies for mobile operators in Europe, Capgemini Telecom & Media Insights, Issue 42

50 Times Higher Bits/Cost

Building, Rigging

(41%)

RAN Equipment

(23%)

Network Testing

(12%)

Etc. (24%)

Site Maintenance

(36%)

Personnel Expenses

(28%)

Electricity (15%)

Etc. (12%)

Backhaul Lease(9%)

Cost Efficiency

Cost Effectiveness Key Requirements

Enabling Technologies : RAN

15

16

Bandwidth

Spectral Efficiency

Link Capacity System Capacity

Areal Reuse

Point-to-Point Link with Single Antenna

𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹

System Capacity : Determined by Bandwidth, Spectral Efficiency and Areal Reuse

Capacity Enabling Technologies : RAN

17

𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹

Bandwidth Increase System Capacity

Bandwidth

Spectral Efficiency

Areal Reuse

Most Straightforward Method for Capacity Increase

Capacity - Bandwidth

Carrier Aggregation, Higher Frequencies

Enabling Technologies : RAN

18

Sectorization, HetNet, Small Cells

𝑪 = 𝑾 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹

Areal Reuse Increase System Capacity

Bandwidth

Spectral Efficiency

Areal Reuse

Use of Various Small Cells for Increase of Areal Reuse

Capacity - Areal Reuse Enabling Technologies : RAN

19

𝑪 = 𝑾 𝟏+𝑺𝑵𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒈

𝑵𝑻𝑿𝝀𝒓

𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌

𝒓

MIMO, Adv. Coding and Modulation

Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity

Bandwidth

Spectral Efficiency

Areal Reuse

Use of MIMO and Advanced Coding & Modulation for Higher Efficiency

Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (1/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN

20

𝑪𝑵𝒐𝒏−𝑮𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒏 > 𝑪[1]

𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹

FQAM (Hybrid Modulation of FSK and QAM)

Non-Gaussian

[1] I. Shomorony, et al., “Worst-Case Additive Noise in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 6, June 2013.

Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity

Bandwidth

Spectral Efficiency

Areal Reuse

New Waveform Design for Exploiting Non-Gaussianity of Channel

Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (2/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN

Peak Data Rate

Cell Edge Data Rate

Cell Spectral Efficiency

Mobility

Cost Efficiency

Simultaneous Connection

Latency

Peak Rate 50 Gbps

Peak Rate 1 Gbps

4G frequencies

New higher frequencies

Frequency band

Technology for Above 6 GHz

Coding/Modulation & Multiple Access

Advanced MIMO & BF

Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier

FSK QAM

FQAM

Half -wavelength

BF : Beamforming

Peak Data Rate Increase

Spectral Efficiency & Cell Edge Enhancement

Cell Capacity Enhancement

21

Enabling Technologies - RAN (1/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN

Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements

Enhanced D2D

Advanced Small Cell

Interference Management

Capacity & Cell Edge Enhancement

Cell Edge Data Rate Enhancement

22

Enhancing areal spectral efficiency

Interference alignment

Areal Spectral Efficiency Increase

Peak Data Rate

Cell Edge Data Rate

Cell Spectral Efficiency

Mobility

Cost Efficiency

Simultaneous Connection

Latency

D2D : Device-to-Device

No cell boundary

Increased density

Wireless backhaul

Enabling Technologies - RAN (2/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN

Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements

23

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

Above 6 GHz (Regional Recommendations from ITU)

< 1 GHz [MHz]

410-430, 470-694/698, 694/698-790[1]

1-2 GHz [MHz]

1300-1400, 1427-1525/1527, 1695-1700/1710

2-3 GHz [MHz]

2025-2100, 2200-2290, 2700-3100

3-5 GHz [MHz]

3300-3400, 3400-4200, 4400-5000

5-6 GHz [MHz]

5150-5925, 5850-6245

Global Interest Bands for WRC-15

MS : Mobile Service FSS : Fixed Satellite Service LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service FS : Fixed Service P-P : Point to Point

Below 6 GHz

Availability of More than 500 MHz Contiguous Spectrum Above 6 GHz

300 MHz 6 GHz

27 29.5 38 39.5

27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 41 42.5 36 40

18.6 18.1

18.4

MOBILE Primary

No MOBILE

US : LMDS, FSS EU : Fixed P-P Link FSS Earth Station Korea : Maritime Use

US : Fixed P-P System EU : Fixed P-P Link Korea : Broadcasting Relay

Current Usage Current Usage

GHz

25.25 27.5 40.5 42.5 Region 1

Region 2

Region 3

MS, FS, FSS

MS, FS, FSS

MS, FS, FSS

[1] WRC-15 AI 1.2 24

Wider Bandwidth for 5G Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

25

World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology (May, 2013)[1]

Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in mmWave frequency bands for outdoor cellular

Test Results - Prototype System Overview

45 mm

42 m

m

5 mm

25 m

m

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

26

LoS / NLoS

LoS

NLoS

Below 0.01%

Below 0.1%

Below 1%

Below 10 %

Below 25%

Below 50%

Below 75%

Below 100%

BLER result

Outdoor Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Coverage Tests

Block error rate less than 0.01% up to NLoS 200m distance

Test Results - Outdoor Coverage

Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

27

Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests

Most signals successfully received by indoor MS from outdoor BS

Test Results - Outdoor to Indoor Penetration

Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

28

1.24Gbps 1.24Gbps

MS Modem 1 MS Modem 2

MS RFU 2 MS RFU 1

BS RFU

BS Modem

Multi-User MIMO Tests 2.48 Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode

Test Results - Multi-User Support Carrier Frequency 27.925 GHz Bandwidth 800 MHz Max. Tx Power 37 dBm Beam-width (Half Power) 10o

Channel Coding LDPC MIMO Configuration 2 x 2

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

29

Bare PCB Package

Broadside Beamforming

Endfire Beamforming

Head Effect Chassis / Hand-Held Effect

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

Beamforming Array Compensate the Effects of Chassis/Hand/Head Lower power penetration through skin at higher frequencies

Mobility Device Feasibility - Simulation Analysis

Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g

w/o head w/ head

① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g ② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g

① ①

② ②

①

②

Power Absorption of 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna

Power Absorption of 28 GHz Beamforming Array

30

Negligible Area

for Antennas

In Edges

16 Element Array

16 Element Array

< 0.2 mm

Measurement Results “Zero Area” Design

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Nor

mal

ized

Gai

n (d

Bi)

Angle (deg)

0°10°20°30°

45°60°75°

Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

32 Elements Implemented on Mobile Device with “Zero Area” and 360o Coverage

Mobility Device Feasibility - Antenna Implementation

31

30 m above Rooftop

5 m above Rooftop

10 m above Ground TX

RX

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Real City (Ottawa) BS Antenna Heights Ray-Tracing

Ray-Tracing Simulation in Real City Modeling with Different BS Antenna Heights

Multi-Cell Analysis Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

32

Simulations are Based on Ray-Tracing in 28 GHz for Multi-Cell Deployment Scenario Total of 10 Small Cell BSs to Provide Coverage of 928 m x 586 m within a Dense Urban City At least 4 Gbps User Throughput Expected Using 1 GHz Bandwidth

Simulated User Experience Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

Samsung DMC R&D Center, “5G mmWave communications,” YouTube, 21 April 2014. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6dABJBJ4XQ)

Enabling Technologies : Network

33

34

Network Evolution for Innovative Services, Lower Cost and Better User Experience

Network Evolution

High Capacity

Intelligence Low Latency

Enabling Technologies : Network

35

Flat Network Multi-RAT

Interworking Mobile SDN

Radio Capacity Enhancement

Energy & Cost Efficiency Increase

E2E Latency Reduction

4G eNB 5G

BS Wi-Fi

UE BS Switch

Central Controller

Peak Data Rate

Cell Edge Data Rate

Cell Spectral Efficiency

Mobility

Cost Efficiency

Simultaneous Connection

Latency

SDN : Software Defined Network

Internet

Core Network

UE

BS Server Server

Innovative Network Technologies for Enhanced User Experience and Cost Reduction

Enabling Technologies - Network Enabling Technologies : Network

36

Direct Access to Internet and Edge Server at BS

Minimize E2E Latency

Reduce Backhaul Bottleneck

Reduce OPEX BS

UE

Core Network

Internet

BSServer

BS

UE

Internet

BS Server

Core Network

UE Server

Flat Network Enabling Technologies : Network

37

Unified Utilization of Heterogeneous Radios in Licensed and Unlicensed Bands

Increase Radio Resource Utilization

Provide Consistent Service Experience

Minimize Power Consumption

2G BTS

3G NB

4G eNB

Wi-Fi

Server Multi-RAT Controller

2G TS

3G NB 4G eNB

5G BS Femto Wi-Fi

Server

Femto

Multi-RAT Interworking Enabling Technologies : Network

38

Centralized Control of Radio and Network Resource for Flexibility and Scalability

UE

BS

GW UE

BS

GW

Radio Controller

SDN Controller

Radio Control Function

Network Control Function

Packet Processor

Radio Control Function

Network Control Function

Packet Processor

SDN: Software Defined Network GW: Gateway

Mobile SDN

Maximize Resource Utilization

Reduce CAPEX/OPEX

Expand Network Services

Enabling Technologies : Network

Deployment Scenarios

39

Bird’s Eye View of Chicago

40

5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios

4G base stations

Existing 4G Deployments

41

5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios

5G small cells

5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment

42

5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios

5G macro/pico cells

5G Standalone System Full capability standalone 5G systems will cover the area of a city

43

5G Deployment Scenarios

5G macro/pico cells

Deployment Scenarios

Global R&D Activities & Timelines

44

5G IC

ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH

45

Global R&D Activities Global R&D Activities & Timelines

Current Global 5G Research Initiatives and Samsung’s Active Engagements EC–Korea Cooperation Agreement on ICT & 5G (6/16), 5G PPP–5G Forum MoU (6/17)

46

EVAL. Meth. : Evaluation Methodology Req. : Requirement EVAL. : Evaluation Dvlp. of Rec. : Development of Recommendation

Standards in 3GPP Rel-14/15, Spectrum Allocation in WRC-19, ITU Approval in 2020

2015 2014 2017 2016 2019 2018 2021 2020 2022

3GPP

WRC WRC-19

5G Standards

WRC-15

Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

Initial 5G Commercialization

Rel-17

ITU-R Vision EVAL. Meth., Req. Proposal EVAL. Dvlp. of Rec.

“IMT for 2020 and beyond ”

WRC : World Radiocommunications Conferences ITU-R : International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector

Expected 5G Timelines Global R&D Activities & Timelines

47

• Tech. for Above 6 GHz • Adv. Coding & Modulation • Adv. MIMO & Beamforming • Enhanced D2D • Adv. Small Cell • Interference Management • Flat Network • Multi-RAT Interworking • Mobile SDN

Key Technologies

5G for 2020 and Beyond Summary

Copyright © 2014 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Non-metric weights and measurements are approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby recognized and acknowledged.

Thank You

[1] “Samsung Announces World’s First 5G mm- Wave Mobile Technology”, Samsung Tomorrow, 13 May 2013. (http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093)

[2] Wonil Roh, “Performances and Feasibility of mmWave Beamforming Prototype for 5G Cellular Communications,” ICC 2013 Invited Talk, Jun. 2013.

(http://www.ieee-icc.org/2013/ICC%202013_ mmWave%20Invited%20Talk_Roh.pdf)

[3] “Samsung’s Vision of 5G Wireless,” IEEE Spectrum for the Technology Insider, Jul. 2013. (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?arnumber=06545095)

[4] Z. Pi and F. Khan, “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101–107, Jun. 2011.

[5] T. Kim, J. Park, J. Seol, S. Jeong, J. Cho, and W. Roh, “Tens of Gbps support with mmWave beamforming systems for next generation communications,” IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf. (GLOBECOM’13), Dec. 2013.

[6] “The 5G phone future: Samsung’s millimeter-wave transceiver technology could enable ultrafast mobile broadband by 2020,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 50, pp. 11–12, Jul. 2013.

[7] T. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang,G. Wong, J. Schulz, M. Samimi, and F. Gutierrez, “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335–349, May 2013.

[8] Azar, Y., Wong, G. N., Wang, K., Mayzus, R., Schulz, J. K., Zhao, H., Gutierrez, F., Hwang, D., Rappaport, T. S., ”28 GHz Propagation Measurements for Outdoor Cellular Communications Using Steerable Beam Antennas in New York City,” Published in the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 9 ~13, 2013.

[9] S. Hong, M. Sagong, and C. Lim, “FQAM : A Modulation Scheme for Beyond 4G Cellular Wireless Communication Systems,” IEEE Global Telecomm.Conf. (GLOBECOM’13) Workshop, Dec. 2013.

[10] Wonil Roh, et al., "Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.

[11] Wonil Roh, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE WCNC 2014 Keynote, Apr. 2014.

[12] Kyungwhoon Cheun, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE VTC 2014 Spring Keynote, May. 2014.

[13] Ji-Yun Seol, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE ICC 2014 5G Workshop Panel Talk, Jun. 2014.

References