5G Technology - cityinnovatorsforum.com · “2G” “3G” “4G” “5G” The only “Real” thing: Telco industry simply “maps” the next “G” to the next 10 years of

© 2019 Dr. David S. Ricketts @drdavidricketts11

5G Technology

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What the hell is 5G anyway?

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© 2019 Dr. David S. Ricketts @drdavidricketts3 3


Tajit Mehta - Spectrum and its application to 5G and the

Power of Massive MIMO





Shahzad Ansari, Raghu Garud, Inter-generational transitions in socio-technical systems: The case of mobile communications, Research Policy, Volume 38, Issue 2, March 2009, Pages 382-392

EDGE

2.5G

UMTS

3G

GSM

2G

NMT

1G

SI

TREND2000

384

128

64.4

64.4

33.6

23.8

14.4

9.6

1981 1992 2003 2005 2010

Resource Invested Time

Kbps

SITREND

Sustaining Innovation



There is no 5G!


3GPP Standards – That is the only “Real” thing


“2G” “3G” “4G” “5G”

The only “Real” thing:

Telco industry simply “maps” the next “G” to the next 10 years of standards!

3GPP standards

Cellular Evolution (from the almost beginning)

NOTE: 5G still has Rel-17 and Rel-18 to go….what will they be?



Example of Generation Change


Tajit Mehta - Spectrum and its application to 5G and the Power of Massive MIMO


Let’s start from 4G….

“4G”


Let’s start from 4G….

• What was new:

▪VOIP - Fundamentally different than 3G

▪Uses Internet Protocols

▪Very Fast: 100 MB/s mobile and 1GB/s stationary

▪You could finally watch videos on your phone!!

▪Better coverage in cities (Multi-path mitigation)


How? What were the new technologies?

• IP (internet protocol)

• Carrier Aggregation

• OFDM

• MIMO





• OFDM

• MIMO


Carrier Aggregation


Carrier Aggregation

• The idea: If Jamie isn’t using his connection to the cell tower,

why don’t I use mine and his, and double my speed?

▪Why not then use Mary’s?

▪Tim’s?

▪Owen’s?

• 4G allows one person to use 5 simultaneous cell connections

(when they aren’t being used by others)

• No Carrier Aggregation uses multiple channels (requencies)

• Up to 5x the data rate!!





• OFDM

• MIMO


OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing


A bad night for me in Uber in Sydney…..

GPS signal couldn’t make it between

buildings…..

Uber drove in a circle 5 times before I got out

and walked the rest of the way!


MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output


https://www.slideshare.net/ShreeKrupa1/multichannel-

fading

Multi-path – Different loss with different path

(Solve this later – with MIMO)

https://www.slideshare.net/ShreeKrupa1/multichannel-fading


http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/cd

ma-transmission-model-30134774.aspx

Multi-path – Different time of arrival from different paths

Transmit:

The brown cow jumped overs the lazy fox

Can’t figure out which order words

were supposed to be in!

t1

The

brown

Receive (simultaneously)

The

The

Thebrown

brown

brown

t2

Variation in path delay is roughly the same as word length

http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/cdma-transmission-model-30134774.aspx


http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/cd

ma-transmission-model-30134774.aspx

OFDM – Stretch each word out N times longer

Transmit:

The brown cow jumped overs the lazy fox

Receive

t1

Transmit N time more words (sentences)

Same throughput – but robust to multipath

t2

Path delay is much smaller than word length

http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/cdma-transmission-model-30134774.aspx





• OFDM

• MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output


MIMO- Multiple Input Multiple Output



• Uses multiple SPATIAL paths to send parallel information

▪Carrier aggregation used same path, just different radio channels

• If there was a blocking or bad path, MIMO gives another

antenna path to reach phone.

• This is sometimes called “diversity”

• Better coverage in 4G!!





• Uses multiple SPATIAL paths to send parallel information

▪Carrier aggregation used same path, just different radio channels

• If 4 antennas send four streams of data

▪4 receive antennas would receive all at the same time and

couldn’t tell which is which…unless…

▪The path of each antenna was different, then if the radio knew the

paths, it could figure out the different information.

▪Multi-path is our friend!


MIMO- Needs Multi-Path!!

MIMO-Shmino

I don’t give a damn

MIMO=fast

Love all those buildings



What is 5G?

• To start with….

• Its more of the same! (A lot more!)

▪Carrier aggregation goes from 5 to 32

▪MIMO becomes..




More spectrum –> more frequencies free & more

BANDWIDTH (wider more frequencies to transmit on)


Bandwidth is King!

( )logC BW SNR=

Claude Shannon

Really famous equation…

C=Capacity (data rate)

BW=bandwidth

Log(SNR)=boring

More bandwidth = faster data!



Small Cell & Mesh Radio – building a dense network

• 4G required mobile to tower connection.

• 5G introduces Mesh networks, where smaller nodes

can be intermediaries

• Other phones maybe relay nodes






Quick physics question?

1 ns = 30 cm, 1 GHz (Cell channel)

0.1 ns = 3 cm, 3 GHz (5G channel)

0.033 ns = 1 cm=10 mm, 30 GHz

(5G channel – millimeter waves)


Beamforming


Beamforming – Change the ‘Phase’ of each antenna in

an array (phased array)

1D 2D


Beamforming

Moving

BeamformerReceiver


Tajit Mehta - Spectrum and its application to 5G and the

Power of Massive MIMO


Latency


Latency

• Human voice needs <150 ms seconds of latency

• When 4G was setup, there wasn’t a need for ultra-short

latency, so the way they designed the organization of

information was in a stream that had inherently 10ms+

latency. Typical is actually 80 ms –

▪ that is < 1/10th of a second.

▪You can’t hear it

▪Your video doesn’t care as it buffers

▪Who does care….things that need to be controlled live!


So what is 5G?

• Carrier Aggregation (4G +)

• OFDM (4G)

• Massive MIMO (4G +)

• Relays and mesh networks (New)

• Latency (New)

• MM-wave (New)

• Beam forming (New)

• Other….remember, we have 10 years of 5G, new standards Rel-17, 18 to come

will create new features and benefits!


Questions

Documents

5G Technology - cityinnovatorsforum.com · “2G” “3G” “4G” “5G” The only “Real” thing: Telco industry simply “maps” the next “G” to the next 10 years of