5G Technology – Breaking Grounds from Thingbook to the Tactile Internet

Gerhard P. Fettweis

Vodafone Chair Professor – TU Dresden – Germany

currently at ICSI.Berkeley.edu and at bwrc.eecs.Berkeley.edu

serial entrepreneur coordinator

The Wireless Roadmap

Via Della Conciliazione

Source: http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/bild-889031-473266.html Source: http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/bild-889031-473242.html

2005/4/4 2013/3/12

The Wireless Roadmap >2020 Outlook

100Tb/s

10 Tb/s

1 Tb/s

100Gb/s

10Gb/s

1Gb/s

100Mb/s

10Mb/s

1Mb/s

100Kb/s

10Kb/s

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

! 802.11ac/ad

802.11n 802.11ag

802.11

802.11b

GSM GPRS

HSPA

HSDPA LTE

3G R99 / EDGE

LTE Advanced

WLAN (10m)

Cellular (100m)

A 5G Hyperplane

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 5

Massive Sensing

1b/s over 10 years

off an AAA battery

Speed: >10 Gb/s Tb/s

Massive Content

Massive Control

Response: 1 ms

The Thingbook

“Things 2.0”: The Next Volume Wave !!!

Cars 2.0 • rain, temperature, light, GPS,

speed, destination, traction

Home 2.0 • energy, temperature, light,

humidity, position, wind,…

Trains 2.0, Planes 2.0,… • congestion, speed,

weather, destination,…

Hobbies 2.0 • skiing 2.0, boating 2.0,

surfing 2.0, biking 2.0,…

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 7

Typical Parameters 100s duty cycle, 50B packet

Major Challenge Battery life of 5-10 years Improve 1000x over LTE

Business Opportunity @10% LTE channel:

100 sensors/sector

$1/year billing:

40B revenue per US operator off of 2MHz

10ccm 10ccm

Think “Thingbook” – not Facebook!

Current Paradigm of Cellular

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 8

sensor sensor

slave master

Required Paradigm of Cellular

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 9

sensor sensor

slave master

The Thingbook Application Space

Anything to sense

Anything to switch

Anything to tag

10

>>100 billion

units / year

>>100 billion

units / year

The Tactile Internet

And Its Millisecond

The Tactile Internet

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 12 12/1/2015 http://ostsee-spezial.de/?p=148

Moving from 50ms round-trip time 1ms tomorrow

Gaming: They were the first to recognize …

14

The Tactile Internet: Remote Controlled Humanoid Robots

http://images.gizmag.com/hero/8456_51207105642.jpg

18

The Tactile Internet

The Manufacturing Revolution Ahead

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 16

http://jerryrushing.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/robotic_assembly_line1.jpg http://www.witchdoctor.co.nz/wp-

content/uploads/2013/01/robot-fabrication-station.jpg

Design Service: A Job Machine

17

Tactile Internet Needed!

18

1-2 ms examples of today’s cars: ESC, ABS

Tomorrow: platooned/convoyed ESC & ABS

Platooning

19

20

www.bsfilms.com

Precision Farming

23

www.claas.com

The Revolution Experienced So Far

Gerhard Fettweis

≤ 4G:

Ubiquitous

Content Communications

IoT

Internet of Things

…

IoT

Internet of Things

…

The Revolution Ahead: The Tactile Internet

Gerhard Fettweis

Ubiquitous

Steering & Control Communications

Health & Care

Traffic & Mobility

Sports & Gym

Edutainment

Manufacturing

Smart Grid,…

Health & Care

Traffic & Mobility

Sports & Gym

Edutainment

Manufacturing

Smart Grid,…

5G 5G

5G+ CHALLENGES

Gerhard Fettweis

28

5G L A B GERMANY

5G Research on Four Tracks

Network & Edge Cloud Hardware

Tactile Internet Applications

Wireless

Members on Tracks

Wireless Track Hardware Track Edge Cloud &

Networks Track

Tactile Internet

Application Track

Gerhard Fettweis

Eduard Jorswieck

Frank Ellinger

Christel Baier

Rene

Schüffny

Frank Fitzek

Leon Urbas

Christof Fetzer

Uwe

Aßmann

Wolfgang Lehner

Ercan

Altinsoy Thorsten Strufe

Klaus

Janschek

Dirk Plettemeier

Wolfgang Nagel

Hermann Härtig Michael

Schröter Silvia Santini

Team of 500+ Researchers !!! Thomas

Herlitzius

Relevant Startups Generated by Team

30

freedelityfreedelity

Wireless Track Hardware Track Edge Cloud &

Networks Track

Tactile Internet

Application Track

Connected industry partners

31

Inhalt f ast a ctuators s ensors & t ransceivers

fast

value chain

sales &

service

systems,

networks,

software

circuits

components

semi-

conductors

fast

network of

states

Berlin

Brandenburg

Mecklenburg

Vorpommern

Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony

Thuringia

Baden-Württ.

Lower Saxony

Bavaria

Coordinators: Frank Ellinger, (Gerhard Fettweis), TU Dresden

Starting 2014, appox. €75M project size, 60+ partners

1ms Impact

Hosted

Computing

(decider)

Hosted

Computing

(decider)

Network

Config.

Manager

(SON)

Terminal

Air Interface

Base Station & Compute

S = 0.3 ms

S = 0.2 ms

S = 0.5 ms Latency Goals:

Software

Ecosystem

Software

Ecosystem

1ms

Sensor Sensor Embedded

Computing

Embedded

Computing Receiver Receiver

100 ms

Actuator Actuator Embedded

Computing

Embedded

Computing Receiver Receiver

Trans

mitter

Trans

mitter

100 ms

Trans

mitter

Trans

mitter

Tomahawk2

Tommahawk2

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 34

„Atlas“ serial on-chip link (72GBit/s) local ADPLL clock generator

TSMC 65nm LP CMOS

6mm x 6mm

Pads: 465

Gates: 10,2 Millionen

SRAM: 750 kByte

Cores: 20 processor elements

Power 150mW typical

Tapeout: 04/2013

Dresden: 06/2013

Successor of Tomahawk1 (2007):

Winner of 2009 DAC/ISSCC Student Design Contest

SIMD vector-DSP

RISC µ-processor

Dual Processor Element (PE) Concept

35

SIMD vector-DSP

RISC µ-processor

NoC interface

Memory

SIMD vector-DSP

RISC µ-processor

NoC interface

Memory

SIMD vector-DSP

RISC µ-processor

SIMD vector-DSP

RISC µ-processor

RESILIENCE

Gerhard Fettweis

Carrier Grade Wireless: Use cases

Planning & Optimization Overview Slide 37

Traffic safety & efficiency

Availability (time)

Coverage/ Availability

(space) Latency Speed

> 99.999% < 1ms ≈100% < 500kmh

Industrial automation (Motion control)

Telesurgery

> 99.999999% < 1ms ≈100% n/a

> 99.999% < 1ms n/a n/a

> 99.999% n/a ≈100% n/a Emergency

Communication

Others: Power Networks / Smart Grid, Real-Time Remote Computing, Platooning, ESP, Exoskeleton [1]

[1] Fettweis, G., "The Tactile Internet: Applications and Challenges," Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE , vol.9, no.1, pp.64,70, March 2014.

Serious Carrier Grade: 10-x via Diversity

# indep.

channels

1 2 3 4 5 6

outage 3% 10-3 3×10-5 10-6 2×10-8 7×10-10

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 38

39

Combining multiple Rayleigh-fading links

Setting:

• 𝑁 power-controlled links

only small scale fading matters

• No line of sight Rayleigh fading

Total power required

for achieving overall availability

𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑁 𝑃𝑟𝑚𝑠

𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛= −

𝑁

ln 1 − 1 − 𝐴𝑜 1 𝑁

Results: • In terms of power consumption,

utilizing multiple links is beneficial

• Different optimal operating points exist

David Öhmann & Gerhard Fettweis Slide 40

𝐴𝑜 availability desired 𝑃𝑟𝑚𝑠 rms power 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 power threshold

Networking The Connnection

41

node node

node node

Single Path

42

node node

node node

Revolution Compute & Forward

(Disintergration of packet)

43

node node

node node

Revolution Distributed Everything

Storage/Computing/Networking/…

44

node node

node node

Mobile Edge Cloud / Micro Cloud / Cloud

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 45

SUPERFLUIDITY: A Superfluid, Cloud-Native, Converged Edge System

Gerhard Fettweis Slide 46

ACCESS NETWORK AGGREGATION NETWORK CORE NETWORK

low delay, low compute/storage capacity higher delay, high

compute/storage capacity

LTE

base station site

5G

Multi-cell

aggregation site

PoP PoP

PoP Point-of-Presence

site

mic

ro-D

C

pla

tfo

rm

mic

ro-D

C

pla

tfo

rm

mic

ro-D

C

pla

tfo

rm

Internet

Data

center

x86

pla

tfo

rm

deploy deploy deploy deploy

mic

ros

erv

er

pla

tfo

rm

mic

ros

erv

er

pla

tfo

rm

mic

ros

erv

er

pla

tfo

rm

Run network processing virtualized, on-demand on third-party

infrastructure located throughout the network

At the core in data-centers

At micro data-centers at PoPs in telecom networks

At the edge, in RANs next to base stations and at

aggregation sites

Run network processing virtualized, on-demand on third-party

infrastructure located throughout the network

At the core in data-centers

At micro data-centers at PoPs in telecom networks

At the edge, in RANs next to base stations and at

aggregation sites

Develop technologies to allow such services to be “ superfluid” :

• Fast instantiation times (in milliseconds)

• Fast migration (in hundreds of milliseconds or less)

• High consolidation (running thousands on a single server)

• High throughput (10Gb/s and higher)

Develop technologies to allow such services to be “ superfluid” :

• Fast instantiation times (in milliseconds)

• Fast migration (in hundreds of milliseconds or less)

• High consolidation (running thousands on a single server)

• High throughput (10Gb/s and higher)

MODULATION FOR CM-WAVES

Gerhard Fettweis

packet latency

100µs

Requirements / Challenges

48

t

async. operation

f

scalable bandwidth

f

fragmented spectrum

f

LTE clocking scheme

New Air

Interface

Multi-Carrier Revisited

OFDM GFDM SC-FDM

49

N time samples

N s

ub

ca

rrie

rs

N symbols

M sub-symbols

N f

req

uen

cy s

am

ple

s

K s

ub

ca

rrie

rs

M f

req

. sam

ple

s

K time samples

N=KM

Realtime 5G Research Testbed:

GFDM With -45dB to -65dB Notches !

Research on 5G Slide 50

Iterative MIMO-GFDM Receiver

Dan Zhang 51

Soft-input Soft-

output Equ./Det.

Soft-input Soft-

output Equ./Det. Decoder

MIMO

channel

outputs

System parameters: • CC: {133, 171}8

• GFDM: 30 active subcarriers, 5 subsymbols,

64-point DFT

• Raised cosine pulse shaping filter with roll-off

factor 0.5

• OFDM: 150 active subcarriers

• 128-path Rayleigh fading channel with the

uniform power delay profile

Complexity of Equ./Det. (per subcarrier):

Non-Orthogonality: Creating Compactness

52

2-dimensional signal space of

16QAM 0.5dB to gain

Requirements / Challenges for 5G PHY

53

scalable bandwidth & clk

f

fragmented spectrum

need deep notches

f

latency & clock

100µs

Multi Carrier

Subcarrier Filters

Compact Packet

New Air Interface:

GFDM

Generalized

Frequency

Division

Multiplexing

CONCLUSIONS

Gerhard Fettweis

2G – 1992 Voice Messages

3G – 2002 + Data + Positioning

4G – 2012 + Video everything + 3D Graphics

5G – 2022 + Tactile Internet

Cellular Roadmap of USPs

Gerhard Fettweis 55

¥€$

£ots of Opportunities of the Tactile Internet Ahead

Starting Now !!!

56

Thank You !

57

5G L A B GERMANY

Coordinators:

Frank Fitzek & Gerhard Fettweis 5GLabGermany.org contact@5GLabGermany.org

5G – “Massive” Requirements

58

Sta

te o

f th

e a

rt

Massive throughput

Massive reduction in latency

Massive sensing

Massive resilience

Massive safety and security

Massive fractal heterogeneity

> 10Gbit/s per user < 1ms RTT > 10k sensors per cell < 10−8 outage < 10−12 security 10x10 heterogenity

Related Publications

5G and TACTILE INTERNET:

• Fettweis, Gerhard, and Siavash Alamouti. “5G: Personal Mobile Internet beyond What Cellular Did to Telephony”

Communications Magazine, IEEE 52.2 (2014): 140-145.

• Fettweis, G. "The Tactile Internet: Applications and Challenges."

Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE 9.1 (2014): 64-70.

• Fettweis et al. „Positionspapier Das Taktile Internet“, VDE ITG

http://www.vde.com/de/fg/ITG/Seiten/PosiPapTaktilesInternet.aspx

• Alcatel-Lucent Foundation, „Positionspaper: Das Taktile Internet“

http://www.stiftungaktuell.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Positionspapier_Das_Taktile_Internet_final.pdf

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