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This report was produced by the Geospatial Technologies and Human Rights Project (http://www.aaas.org/geotech) as part of the Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program (SRHRL, http://www.aaas.org/srhrl) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). As a program of AAAS-‐-‐the world's largest multidisciplinary scientific membership organization-‐-‐SRHRL engages individual scientists and scientific associations in human rights efforts; applies scientific tools and technologies to enhance human rights work; brings human rights standards to the conduct of science; and promotes the human right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress. This report was authored and edited by the staff of the Geospatial Technologies and Human Rights Project: Susan Wolfinbarger, Project Director Jonathan Drake, Senior Program Associate Eric Ashcroft, Senior Project Coordinator Acknowledgement Primary support for this project was provided by Oak Foundation through grant number OUSA-‐12-‐011. Disclaimer The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the AAAS Board of Directors, its Council, or membership, or the Oak Foundation. Contact AAAS welcomes comments and questions regarding its work. Please send information, suggestions, and any comments to SRHRL at [email protected]. © Copyright 2014 American Association for the Advancement of Science Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights, and Law Program 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA
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Assessing the status of medical facilities in Syria At the request of Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), the Geospatial Technologies and Human Rights Project of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is using high-‐resolution satellite imagery to examine medical facilities throughout Syria. The purpose of this assessment is to verify reports of damage and destruction gathered by PHR. PHR has been documenting attacks on medical facilities and personnel in Syria as part of their Anatomy of a Crisis: A Map of Attacks on Health Care in Syria project through traditional news media, social media, and PHR’s network of ground contacts. Due to the violent conflict occurring across the country, it is difficult to verify reports of both the location and dates of damage. Satellite imagery analysis provides a means to perform this verification remotely. AAAS produced an initial report, Assessing the status of medical facilities in Syria, in May 2014. Given the ongoing nature of the conflict, PHR has requested additional verification analysis of damage to medical sites. These updates will be published as addenda to the initial AAAS report from May 2014. In June 2014, PHR provided the locations of 10 medical facilities that were suspected to have sustained damage, the results of which are reported in this document. Information about the locations and dates of the imagery analyzed can be found in an appendix at the end of this document.
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Location: Polyclinics in Masakin Hanano -‐ Aleppo, Aleppo PHR report: Shelled several times, most recently in March 2013.
A 5m wide crater appeared in the adjacent parking lot between 20 August 2012 and 21 August 2012. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 36.2287355 N, 37.2033951 E.
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Imagery captured on 26 February 2012 and 19 May 2013 does not show any additional observable damage though the crater visible in the 21 august 2012 image is still present in both 2013 images. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 36.2287355 N, 37.2033951 E.
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Location: Al Nour Hospital -‐ Aleppo, Aleppo PHR report: Targeted by two missiles on 21 September 2012.
Imagery obtained on 14 September 2012 and 22 September 2012 did not reveal any observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 36.1876 N, 37.13155 E.
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Location: Omar bin Abdulaziz Hospital – Aleppo, Aleppo PHR report: Barrel bombs landed near the hospital on 27 April 2014.
Imagery obtained on 6 February 2012 and 23 May 2014 did not reveal any observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 36.189819 N, 37.157854 E.
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Location: Al Nour Hospital -‐ Douma, Rif Dimashq PHR report: Targeted by warplanes on 28 October 2012.
Imagery obtained on 25 October 2012 and 3 January 2013 did not reveal any observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Image © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 33.563639 N, 36.389972 E.
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Location: Al Ahli Hospital -‐ Homs, Homs PHR report: Hit by rocket shells on 19 April 2014.
Imagery obtained on 17 November 2013 and 12 May 2014 did not reveal any observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 4.7330537 N, 36.7334023 E.
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Location: Unnamed Hospital -‐ al Musifrah, Daraa PHR report: Attacked multiple times in April 2014, likely between 13 and 20 April.
A courtyard wall (red arrow) and a small structure (yellow arrow) that were present on 3 March 2014 were no longer present on 2 June 2014. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 32.6308549 N, 36.3358292 E.
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Location: Children’s Hospital -‐ Homs, Homs PHR report: No recent hospital status reports have been received.
Imagery from 28 June 2013 and 13 May 2014 shows no observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 34.7459411 N, 36.674096 E.
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Location: Al Qusayr National Hospital -‐ al Qusayr, Homs PHR report: No recent hospital status reports have been received.
The hospital suffered significant damage (red arrows) between 3 September 2012 and 14 September 2012. Multiple shell craters (purple arrows) also appeared during this time period. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 34.5123253 N, 36.570299 E.
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Location: Al Basil National Hospital -‐ Rastan, Homs PHR report: No recent hospital status reports have been received.
Imagery from 19 February 2013 and 5 February 2014 shows no observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 34.9363395 N, 36.7373532 E.
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Location: National Hospital -‐ al Hassakeh, al Hassakeh PHR report: Damage to hospital reported by Syrian Ministry of Health in 2013.
Imagery from 21 September 2011 and 27 February 2013 shows no observable damage to the hospital. Analysis AAAS | Satellite Images © 2014, DigitalGlobe, Nextview License. Coordinates 36.50763916 N, 40.7611951 E.
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Conclusion At the request of PHR, AAAS used satellite imagery to assess possible damage to 10 medical facilities in Syria. At 7 of these facilities, PHR had received reports of damage. In addition, PHR had stopped receiving status reports from 3 facilities. Analysis revealed damage to 2 of the 7 facilities where damage was reported and damage to 1 of the 3 facilities where status reports had not been received. Appendix: Imagery acquired
Location Date Sensor Image ID Polyclinics at Masakin
Hanano 20 August 2012 World View-‐2 103001001A26A000
Polyclinics at Masakin Hanano
21 August 2012 World View-‐2 103001001A69BF00
Polyclinics at Masakin Hanano
26 February 2013 World View-‐2 103005001FF96000
Polyclinics at Masakin Hanano
19 May 2013 World View-‐2 1030010022755E00
Al Nour, Aleppo 14 September 2012 World View-‐2 103001001BB57100 Al Nour, Aleppo 22 September 2012 World View-‐2 103001001C351E00
Omar bin Abdulaziz 6 February 2014 World View-‐2 103001002D62B800 Omar bin Abdulaziz 23 May 2014 World View-‐2 103001003270A500 Al Nour, Douma 25 October 2012 World View-‐2 103001001B7E9D00 Al Nour, Douma 3 January 2013 World View-‐2 103001001E6D3500
Al Ahli 17 November 2013 World View-‐2 103001002A9D5400 Al Ahli 13 May 2014 World View-‐1 102001002E467C00
Hospital in al Musifrah 3 March 2014 World View-‐2 103001002DAB7000 Hospital in al Musifrah 3 June 2014 World View-‐2 1030010032828200 Children’s Hospital 28 June 2013 World View-‐2 103001002496AF00 Children’s Hospital 13 May 2014 World View-‐1 102001002E467C00 Al Quasayr National
Hospital 3 September 2012 World View-‐2 103001001BA6B400
Al Quasayr National Hospital
14 September 2012 World View-‐2 103001001BC9EF00
Al Basil National Hospital 19 February 2013 World View-‐2 10300100215D6200 Al Basil National Hospital 5 February 2014 World View-‐1 102001002B35B700
Nation Hospital, al Hassekeh
21 September 2011 World View-‐1 1020010016D21900
Nation Hospital, al Hassekeh
27 February 2013 World View-‐2 103001001F024B00