6. APIStandardsDevelopmentNISTM

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Original by:Original by:

Gordon RobertsonGordon Robertson

Standards DepartmentStandards Department

American Petroleum InstituteAmerican Petroleum InstituteWashington, DCWashington, DC

API INDUSTRY STANDARDS

API Standards Development and

Tank Standards Update



22

NEW APINEW API

zz API Name and Logo changeAPI Name and Logo change



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New NameNew Name

The official name of the API Subcommittee The official name of the API Subcommittee

on Pressure Vessels and Tanks (SCPVT)on Pressure Vessels and Tanks (SCPVT)has been changed to thehas been changed to the SubcommitteeSubcommittee

on Aboveground Storage Tanks (SCAST)on Aboveground Storage Tanks (SCAST)

effective May 4, 2006.effective May 4, 2006.



44

API RolesAPI Roles

zz Work with GovernmentWork with Government -- AdvocacyAdvocacy

zz Develop Industry StandardsDevelop Industry Standards

zz Conduct ResearchConduct Research

zz Gather StatisticsGather Statistics

zz

Inform Government and PublicInform Government and Publiczz Publish Technical Industry InformationPublish Technical Industry Information

zz Provide EducationProvide Education

zz Oversee Quality ProgramsOversee Quality Programs



55

API StructureAPI Structure

zz OverOver 400400 member companiesmember companies involved in allinvolved in all

aspects of the oil and natural gas industryaspects of the oil and natural gas industry

zz OverOver 700700 committees and task forces coveringcommittees and task forces covering

various advocacy and technical issuesvarious advocacy and technical issues

zz Staff of Staff of 300300 led by board of directors made up of led by board of directors made up of

member company CEOmember company CEO’’ss



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API Standards CommitteeAPI Standards Committee

StructureStructure

Committee on

Standardization of Oilfield Equipment

& Materials

Committee on

Petroleum

Measurement

Committee onRefinery Equipment

•Marketing

•Safety & Fire Protection

•Regulatory & Scientific Affairs



77

API StandardsAPI Standards

Development ProcessDevelopment Processzz API isAPI is accreditedaccredited by the American Nationalby the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI)Standards Institute (ANSI)

zz Regular programRegular program auditsaudits

zz OpenOpen andand transparenttransparent processprocess

zz AllAll comments and objectionscomments and objections mustmust bebeconsideredconsidered



88

API StandardsAPI Standards

Development ProcessDevelopment Processzz Developed byDeveloped by consensusconsensus (does not mean(does not mean

unanimity)unanimity)

zz BalanceBalance between tank operators andbetween tank operators and

manufacturersmanufacturers

zz API corporate membership isAPI corporate membership is notnot aarequirement for participation on APIrequirement for participation on APIstandardization committeesstandardization committees



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Requirements for StandardsRequirements for Standards

Committee MembershipCommittee Membershipzz BeBe technically proficienttechnically proficient in tank design,in tank design,

construction, operation, or inspectionconstruction, operation, or inspectionzz AttendAttend two committee meetings per yeartwo committee meetings per year

zz Agree toAgree to workwork on committee business suchon committee business suchas standards revisions and technicalas standards revisions and technical

inquiriesinquiries

zz Have theHave the supportsupport of company managementof company management

to participateto participate



1010

Use of API StandardsUse of API Standards

zz ““De factoDe facto”” international standardsinternational standards

zz Increased adoption by federal agenciesIncreased adoption by federal agencies --MMS and DOTMMS and DOT

zz

API does not promote adoptionAPI does not promote adoption

--

preferprefer

voluntary usevoluntary use

zz Written for flexibilityWritten for flexibility

zz Not aNot a ““cookbookcookbook””approach!approach!



1111

AST StandardsAST Standardszz API publishes over 70 standards, recommendedAPI publishes over 70 standards, recommended

practices, and bulletins coveringpractices, and bulletins covering

zz Design & ConstructionDesign & Constructionzz InspectionInspection

zz Measurement and EmissionsMeasurement and Emissions

zz Safety & Fire ProtectionSafety & Fire Protection -- Safe Entry, OverfillSafe Entry, OverfillProtectionProtection

zz

EnvironmentalEnvironmental -- Leak detection, Release Prevention,Leak detection, Release Prevention,EmissionsEmissions

zz ResearchResearch

zz API 2610 the tank index to all API AST standardsAPI 2610 the tank index to all API AST standards



1212

Design & ConstructionDesign & Construction

zz API 620, Design and Construction of Large,API 620, Design and Construction of Large,

Welded, LowWelded, Low--Pressure Storage TanksPressure Storage Tankszz Construction code for lowConstruction code for low--pressure andpressure and

refrigerated ASTrefrigerated AST’’ss

zz Covers material, design, fabrication, erection,Covers material, design, fabrication, erection,and testing requirementsand testing requirements



13

Current Edition of Current Edition of

API 620API 620

API 620API 620 –– Design and Construction of Design and Construction of Large, Welded, LowLarge, Welded, Low--Pressure StoragePressure Storage

Tanks Tanks

Tenth Edition, Including Addendum 1 Tenth Edition, Including Addendum 1



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Changes to API 620Changes to API 620

zz 620620--228 Define load combinations to be228 Define load combinations to be

evaluated for API 620 tanks (Ref. 5.4.1.f)evaluated for API 620 tanks (Ref. 5.4.1.f)zz 620620--237 Clarify the acceptance criteria for237 Clarify the acceptance criteria for

undercut and weld profiles (contours) (Ref.undercut and weld profiles (contours) (Ref.6.13)6.13)

zz 620620--278 Clarify the extent of examination278 Clarify the extent of examination

required after unacceptable welding isrequired after unacceptable welding is

repaired (Ref. 6.15, 7.15.1.2)repaired (Ref. 6.15, 7.15.1.2)



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Low Temperature andLow Temperature and

Cryogenic Tanks (LT & C)Cryogenic Tanks (LT & C)zz New API Task Group formed to investigate theNew API Task Group formed to investigate the

need for 620 or other document to addressneed for 620 or other document to address

double and full containment (address the finerdouble and full containment (address the finerdetails)details)

zz API 620, Appendices R & Q only addresses newAPI 620, Appendices R & Q only addresses new

LT & C tanks partiallyLT & C tanks partiallyzz European standards (BS7777 and EN14620)European standards (BS7777 and EN14620)

address double and full wall containment (bigaddress double and full wall containment (big

picture standards)picture standards)zz API 620 may/will be revised to address theAPI 620 may/will be revised to address the

details of double and full wall containment or adetails of double and full wall containment or anew standard will be developednew standard will be developed



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zz API 650, Welded Steel Tanks for OilAPI 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil

StorageStoragezz Primary construction code for refinery andPrimary construction code for refinery and

storage terminal ASTstorage terminal AST’’ss

zz Covers material, design, fabrication, erection,Covers material, design, fabrication, erection,

and testing requirementsand testing requirements

zz

For tanks whose entire bottom is uniformlyFor tanks whose entire bottom is uniformlysupportedsupported

Design & ConstructionDesign & Construction



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API 650API 650zz API 650API 650 –– Welded Steel Tanks for Oil StorageWelded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

Tenth Edition, Including Addenda 1, 2, 3 and 4 Tenth Edition, Including Addenda 1, 2, 3 and 4

(available March 2006)(available March 2006)

zz 11th Edition (PIP Merge)11th Edition (PIP Merge) -- edit midedit mid--late 2006 (publishlate 2006 (publish

late 2006).late 2006).



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in addendum 4in addendum 4zz 650650--476 Define the maximum undercut allowed for shell476 Define the maximum undercut allowed for shell--toto--bottombottom

welds and the acceptance criteria for weld profiles (contours) (welds and the acceptance criteria for weld profiles (contours) (Ref.Ref.6.5.1.b)6.5.1.b)

zz 650650--533 Define the term533 Define the term ““Nozzle NeckNozzle Neck”” (Ref. 3.7, Table 3(Ref. 3.7, Table 3--4)4)zz 650650--547 Better define the tolerances required for new tank547 Better define the tolerances required for new tank

construction (Ref. 5.5)construction (Ref. 5.5)

zz 650650--564 Clarify that a manhole can be placed at an alternative564 Clarify that a manhole can be placed at an alternative

elevation as allowed by shell nozzles in Table 3elevation as allowed by shell nozzles in Table 3--6 (Ref. Table 36 (Ref. Table 3--8)8)zz 650650--587 Allow the use of wider plates fabricated by butt587 Allow the use of wider plates fabricated by butt--welding twowelding two

narrower plates together before rolling and erecting them (Ref.narrower plates together before rolling and erecting them (Ref.3.1.5.2)3.1.5.2)

zz

650650--595 Determine annular plate thickness when Specific Gravity is595 Determine annular plate thickness when Specific Gravity isgreater than 1.0 (Ref. 3.5.3, Table 3greater than 1.0 (Ref. 3.5.3, Table 3--1)1)



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1111thth editioneditionzz 650650--506 Frangible Roof Uplift Limitations506 Frangible Roof Uplift Limitations

zz 650650--612 Floating Roof Penetration612 Floating Roof PenetrationCautionsCautions

zz 650650--616 Shell Thickness Calculation616 Shell Thickness CalculationMethod for Stainless SteelMethod for Stainless Steel



2020

Frangible Roof Frangible Roof

zz Frangible Roof Parts I, II & IIIFrangible Roof Parts I, II & IIIzz Revision Part I addressed frangibility for large diameter tanksRevision Part I addressed frangibility for large diameter tanks >50 ft,>50 ft,

based on research (project #1) results showing uplift occurred wbased on research (project #1) results showing uplift occurred withith

frangible joint separation.frangible joint separation.zz Research (project #2) produced a program to determine ventResearch (project #2) produced a program to determine vent

requirements based on deflagration variables (combustible gas tyrequirements based on deflagration variables (combustible gas type,pe,volume and concentration).volume and concentration).

zz Part II addressed options for tanks <50Part II addressed options for tanks <50’’ based on research (project #3)based on research (project #3)

providing evaluation of relative strength of the roof providing evaluation of relative strength of the roof --toto--shell and shellshell and shell--toto--bottom joints. Options resulting include higher strength bottombottom joints. Options resulting include higher strength bottom weldwelddetails, a lower profile roof design and anchorage of the shell.details, a lower profile roof design and anchorage of the shell.

zz Research resulted in changes to API 650 Appendix F to top jointResearch resulted in changes to API 650 Appendix F to top jointstrength equations.strength equations.

zz Part III Last change addresses changes to API 653, basically poiPart III Last change addresses changes to API 653, basically pointing tonting tothe API 650 requirements for emergency venting which is the Sectthe API 650 requirements for emergency venting which is the Sectionion(where the section covering frangible roofs is referenced).(where the section covering frangible roofs is referenced).

zz Task force has disbanded. Task force has disbanded.



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SeismicSeismic

zz New Seismic rules issued by IBC and NFPA (New Seismic rules issued by IBC and NFPA (enforced by Fireenforced by FireMarshalls and BC officials) based upon new technology and the USMarshalls and BC officials) based upon new technology and the USGSGS((Nonbuilding (tanks) structures covered in separate section)Nonbuilding (tanks) structures covered in separate section)

zz SC AST revised API 650, APP E to address new SeismicSC AST revised API 650, APP E to address new Seismicrequirementsrequirementszz Zones and Zip CodesZones and Zip Codes

zz

For International considerations the New Appendix uses peak grouFor International considerations the New Appendix uses peak groundndacceleration as a single parameter for seismic requirements andacceleration as a single parameter for seismic requirements and isissimilar to old APP Esimilar to old APP E

zz The agenda item has been passed to publication and will be The agenda item has been passed to publication and will bepublished late 2006published late 2006

zz The Design Subgroup voted to keep/archive Appendix E as a The Design Subgroup voted to keep/archive Appendix E as apublication for use (New Appendix E)publication for use (New Appendix E)



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Stainless SteelStainless Steelzz TG working to incorporate mixed materials into TG working to incorporate mixed materials into

API 650API 650zz Carbon steel and stainless steelCarbon steel and stainless steel

zz Duplex stainless steel (competitive $ with 304L and 316L)Duplex stainless steel (competitive $ with 304L and 316L)zz Stainless Steel bottom and Carbon steel shell and roof Stainless Steel bottom and Carbon steel shell and roof

zz Agenda item 650Agenda item 650--568 (adding mixed material568 (adding mixed material–– carbon and stainless steel)carbon and stainless steel) –– approved inapproved inSpring 06Spring 06

zz Agenda item 650Agenda item 650--536 (adding duplex stainless536 (adding duplex stainlesssteels) will be resteels) will be re--balloted over the summerballoted over the summer

zz There are no stainless steel tank standards, API There are no stainless steel tank standards, APIwill be the first to publish stainless tank standardwill be the first to publish stainless tank standard



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zz API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair,API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair,

Alteration, and ReconstructionAlteration, and Reconstruction

zz Referenced or adopted in seven US statesReferenced or adopted in seven US states

zz Minimum requirements for maintaining theMinimum requirements for maintaining the

integrity of tanks after they are placed inintegrity of tanks after they are placed inserviceservice

zz Applicable to welded, riveted, nonrefrigerated,Applicable to welded, riveted, nonrefrigerated,

and atmospheric pressure ASTand atmospheric pressure AST’’ss

InspectionInspection

C t Editi fC t Editi f



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API 653API 653zz API 653API 653 –– Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration,

and Reconstruction,and Reconstruction, Third Edition, Including Addenda Third Edition, Including Addenda1 and 21 and 2



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zz 653653--204 Similar Service Clarification (already204 Similar Service Clarification (alreadydocumented in API 653)documented in API 653)

zz Similar ServiceSimilar Service –– passed letter ballot, final negatives arepassed letter ballot, final negatives arebeing addressed and publication is closebeing addressed and publication is close

zz Ballot affirmed in early 2006 (working last 3 ballotBallot affirmed in early 2006 (working last 3 ballot

negatives)negatives)zz Should be published in addendum in 2006Should be published in addendum in 2006

zz 653653--208 Elevated Temperature Tank Foundation208 Elevated Temperature Tank Foundation

ConsiderationsConsiderations



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Risk Based Inspection (RBI)Risk Based Inspection (RBI)

zz RBI purpose is to maximize effectiveness of resourcesRBI purpose is to maximize effectiveness of resourcesin tank inspectionin tank inspection

zz RBIRBI –– API is working to promote RBI throughAPI is working to promote RBI throughmodifications to API 653, (agenda items) and the use of modifications to API 653, (agenda items) and the use of other documents such as API 580other documents such as API 580

zz The API RBI methodology works to: The API RBI methodology works to:zz Reference API 580 and promote itReference API 580 and promote it ’’s use through other API standardss use through other API standards

zz Develop risk matrixDevelop r isk matrix

zz Refine inspection levels (maximum)Refine inspection levels (maximum)

zz List likelihood and consequences of failureList likelihood and consequences of failure

zz API 653, revise/rewrite sections 6.4.2, 6.4.3, move table 6 API 653, revise/rewrite sections 6.4.2, 6.4.3, move table 6--1 to1 to4.4.74.4.7

zz Ensure that the RBI principles are consistent and appropriateEnsure that the RBI principles are consistent and appropriate

zz Develop how internal inspection intervals are determined for Develop how internal inspection intervals are determined for exist ing tanksexist ing tanks



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Other Inspection DocumentsOther Inspection Documents

zz API 570, Piping Inspection CodeAPI 570, Piping Inspection Codezz First published in 1993First published in 1993

zz Minimum requirements for inspection, repair, alteration,Minimum requirements for inspection, repair, alteration,and rerating of inand rerating of in--service process piping systemsservice process piping systems

zz Complements API Standards 510 and 653Complements API Standards 510 and 653

zz

Good for refiningGood for refining –– may not be appropriate for terminalsmay not be appropriate for terminals(new document being developed)(new document being developed)

zz API 575 Inspection of Atmospheric & LowAPI 575 Inspection of Atmospheric & Low

Pressure ASTPressure AST’’sszz Supplement to API 653Supplement to API 653



2929

Other SCAST IssuesOther SCAST Issues

zz Metrication (dual)Metrication (dual)

zz Out of Plane Settlement (continuingOut of Plane Settlement (continuingresearch)research)

zz Load Combinations for Cable SuspendedLoad Combinations for Cable SuspendedFloating Roofs (APP H)Floating Roofs (APP H)

zz Sloshing Waves (Seismic)Sloshing Waves (Seismic)

zz Sunken roofs in J apan and problems inSunken roofs in J apan and problems in Turkey with roofs due to seismic sloshing Turkey with roofs due to seismic sloshing

zz J acking and Re J acking and Re--leveling of Tanksleveling of Tanks



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Other Notable PublicationsOther Notable Publicationszz Std 2000Std 2000 Venting Atmospheric and LowVenting Atmospheric and Low--Pressure Storage Tanks:Pressure Storage Tanks:

Nonrefrigerated and RefrigeratedNonrefrigerated and Refrigerated

zz API 575 Guidelines and Methods for Inspection of ExistingAPI 575 Guidelines and Methods for Inspection of ExistingAtmospheric and LowAtmospheric and Low--pressure Storage Tankspressure Storage Tanks

zz RP 651RP 651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Storage TanksCathodic Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks

zz API 652 Linings of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank BottomsAPI 652 Linings of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms

zz STD 2510STD 2510 Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum GasDesign and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum GasInstallations (LPG)Installations (LPG)

zz Marketing, Inspection, Safety and Fire, Release and LeakMarketing, Inspection, Safety and Fire, Release and LeakPrevention, Emissions and Measurement (seePrevention, Emissions and Measurement (see www.global.ihs.comwww.global.ihs.com

for complete listing)for complete listing)

http://www.global.ihs.com/







3131

APIAPI –– STI RelationshipSTI Relationship

zz States are adopting STI SP001 and API 653States are adopting STI SP001 and API 653

zz Understanding at API that SP001 is right for small &Understanding at API that SP001 is right for small &

shop fabricated tanks (API 653 for larger tanks > 30 footshop fabricated tanks (API 653 for larger tanks > 30 footdiameter)diameter)

zz SP001 does not compete directly with API 653SP001 does not compete directly with API 653

zz API 653 Inspectors Qualification to perform SP0001API 653 Inspectors Qualification to perform SP0001inspections (need for training)inspections (need for training)

zz Both Documents will be used for SPCC complianceBoth Documents will be used for SPCC compliance

zz

STI has presented at two SCAST meetings in the lastSTI has presented at two SCAST meetings in the lastyear and the relationship growsyear and the relationship grows



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Gordon RobertsonGordon Robertson

American Petroleum InstituteAmerican Petroleum Institute1220 L Street, NW1220 L Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005Washington, DC 20005

[email protected]@api.org202202--682682--81908190

http://committees.api.org/standards/index.htmlhttp://committees.api.org/standards/index.htmlwww.api.orgwww.api.org

API Industry StandardsAPI Industry Standards

mailto:[email protected]

