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Integrating Environmental Issues into Spatial Planning-Local Plans in Sabah

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

The Earths Biosphere and all needed to

sustain this Biosphere. The Biosphereconsists of all living organisms on the planet.

Environment is considered in a holisticsense, and can simply be defined as:

Environment takes in all aspects of theplanet including its physical elements, all lifeand human activities.


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Physical/Chemical

Environment

Biological/Ecological

Environment

Social/Cultural

Environment

Economic/Operational

Environment


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To conserve the natural resources of theEnvironment for the use and enjoyment of futuregenerations we have to ensure that allDevelopment is sustainable.

Environmental protection and the preservationof culture can be reconciled with economicdevelopment, if the latter is carried out on the

basis of sustainable development.

Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Bin Mohamad, PATA Annual Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 4 Sept. 2000.


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To help ensure sustainability we can use anumber of IMPACT ASSESSMENT tools.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT is the generic term for theforecasting of possible changes in theenvironment, both positive and negative, ofproposed future actions.


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The most common form of ImpactAssessment at present is EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA), which isundertaken at the individual project level.

By the time an EIA is required a whole seriesof decisions and actions have been takenwhich constrain and narrow the wider issue ofsustainability.

It is now recognised that impact assessmentsare needed earlier in the development process.


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POLICY

PLANNING

MANAGEMENT

Strategies &

programmes

Economic planning

Spatial planning

Monitoring

Compliance &

Enforcement

Audit

Feedback for

future decisions




Policies, Strategies and Programmes (PSP) arecreated at a higher level than projects and have

a wider range of impacts (compared toprojects)

an high level of uncertainty about theirimpacts

a greater degree of impact due to failure

a small degree of quantitative date foranalysis




EIA is not useful when considering the impact of

policies, strategies or programmes. To assess the

environmental effects of PSP the tool used is

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

(SEA).

SEA has been defined*as a process

which integrates environmental

considerations in the decision-making

process higher than the project level

* Strategic Environmental Assessment of Policies in Denmark, DG Environment,Nuclear

safety & Civil protection, European Commission, Brussels, November 1996




POLICY

PLANNINGMANAGEMENT

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Audit

Initial Environmental

Assessment (IEE)

Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA)

Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

Health Impact Assessment (HIA)

Strategic Environmental

Assessment (SEA)

Sector

Environmental

Study (SES)




SEA is*:

a tool for bringing environmental considerations

into the process of decision making at the

strategic level

has a different content from environmental

assessment at the project level

is built on the principles of documentation,

procedure, significance, alternatives and publicparticipation

* Strategic Environmental Assessment of Policies in Denmark, DG Environment,Nuclear

Safety & Civil Protection, European Commission, Brussels, November 1996




SEA assesses the relevant PSP from each sector

and integrates these into a whole scenario, orseries of scenarios, presenting the possible

impacts and alternative strategies or

programmes for determination of policy

objectives.

Such a process involves not only the

environmental planners, but also

environmental focal points fromdifferent sectors and stakeholders.





The first Pilot Area for use of SEA and

familiarisation with the procedure for SEA inSabah will be the Mengkabong area in Tuaran.

This Pilot Area provides a number of

different sector policies and programmeswhose impacts must be assessed andcombined to produce an effective local plan.

SEA will be used to provide inputs into the 4District plans in the ELP Project, and some of thelocal plans.




One major area of interest will be theimpacts possible from thedevelopment of KKIP




To ensure sustainability the mangrove forest

should be conserved and protected.




Issues arising from sectors including

agriculture, transport and housing willneed to be considered by the SEA.




Tourism and recreation are important

sectors in this area


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Fisheries and aquaculture are sectorsproviding sources of local income.


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The external impacts from KKIP and on the

Nexus Resort will also be part of the SEA.


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THE END(for now)

Thank You

Documents

6 Chris Pastakia Conference02