6 EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION - 4thICCE · milestone for earthquake risk mitigation in China. ... Emergency Situation's signing of a MOU on Earthquake Disaster ... China Sea and adjacent

5EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION IN CHINA

China is an earthquake-prone country that has suffered from major earthquake disasters resulting in significant loss of life and property damage. Its territory makes up only 7% of the Earth’s land area, but it is affected by 1/3 of the world’s continental earthquakes. A total of 58% of its area is considered to be at high seismic risk, being exposed to earthquakes of an intensity of 7 or higher. Historical earthquake catalogues show that earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or above have occurred in all Chinese provinces, autonomous reg ions and mun ic ipa l i t ies directly under the Central Government. Large earthquakes in Haiyuan(1920), Tangshan(1978) and Wenchuan(2008) have caused heavy casualties and property losses.

Earthquake risk mitigation is composed of public services that are intended to safeguard people's lives and property. Under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China combines earthquake hazard mitigation measures with rescue and relief response operations. These efforts are composed of earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention, and earthquake emergency management.To support them, China is commited to furthering the science and technology of earthquake hazard mitigation.

EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATIONIN CHINA

CEA Administrator: ZHENG Guoguang

6 EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION IN CHINA

EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION

The first record of earthquake, which occurred in 23rd century B.C., was described in Mo-tse’s (a famous Chinese ancient philosopher) novel, “Anciently, the three Miao tribes were in great confusion. Heaven ordered their destruction...earth cracked until water gushed forth.”

In 132 A.D., Zhang Heng, a great scientist of Han dynasty, invented Houfeng seismograph, which is the first seismograph in the human history.

In 1906, the seismic wave of Ms 8.3 San Francisco Earthquake was recorded by Sheshan Seismic Station in Shanghai, China.

In 1930, Jiufeng Seismic Station, which was equipped with the primary seismograph manufactured in China, was established in Beijing.

After Xingtai earthquake, under the advocating and direction of former Premier Zhou Enlai, Chinese government enhanced the exploration and practice of earthquake prediction, and established State Seismological Bureau in 1971. It’s the milestone for earthquake risk mitigation in China.


China Earthquake Administration (CEA), is the public agency responsible for administering seismic work statewide. CEA's work is authorized by the State Conncil in fulfillment of the National Statute for Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters. This agency performs manifold administrative and public-service functions in earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention and earthquake emergency management.

— National Statute on Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters— National Statute on Response to Emergencies— 5 administrative regulations— 8 ministerial rules— 96 provincial regulations and rules

Relevant Laws and Regulations

National Statute on Proteting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters

EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION


ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

More than 10,000 employees

—13 academicians —70% with a Bachelor’s or higher degree (through Nov., 2016)

State Council

China Earthquake Administration

Headquarters 16 Affiliated Institutions 31 Provincial Earthquake Administrations

Municipal and County Governments

Provincial People’s Governments

General OfficeDept. of Policy and Legal AffairsDept. of Development and FinanceDept. of Personnel and EducationDept. of Science and Technology (Dept. of International Cooperation)

Dept. of Earthquake Monitoring and PredictionDept. of Earthquake Disaster PreventionDept. of Earthquake Emergency ManagementDept. for Party-related AffairsDept. for Retired Personnel

3028 municipal and countyseismic organizations

PERSONNEL


EARTHQUAKE MONITORING AND PREDICTION

Multilevel earthquake monitoring system

China Seismograph Network (CSN)monitoring capacity (2009-2015)

A multilevel earthquake monitoring system at national, regional and local levels has been implemented. The system features diverse observational networks to detect strong ground motion, crustal deformation, gravitation, geomagnetism, terrestrial electricity, subsurface fluids, etc.

The system is designed to detect all seismic events with magnitudes of 2.5 or above in most areas of mainland China and events with magnitudes of 1.5 or above in National Key Monitoring and Protection Areas as well as in densely populated cities.

A national seismicity tendency consultation system has been put in place. On an annual basis, this sysem defines the Key Seismic Hazard Areas.


EARTHQUAKE DISASTER PREVENTION

The fifth-generation China Ground Motion Parameters Zoning Map has been compiled.

103 active faults have been explored in National Key Monitoring and Protection Areas and other primary areas.

China zoning map of peak acceleration of ground motion

China continental active-faults exploration field sites

Continuous efforts have been made to enhance public awareness and popularize the science of earthquke preparedness and disaster mitigation.

Public Awareness and Scientific Popularization Efforts:

Regular press briefingJoint publicity efforts with related ministries and mainstream press agencies Exhibits R&D for scientific popularization“Safe China” serial public-service activitiesEstablishment of Science and Education Bases

96 national bases483 local bases5488 model schools


The headquarters for Earthquake Response and Disaster Relief and relevant command platforms are located in the State Council, 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

37 member organizations

Administrator of China Earthquake Administration

Deputy Chief of the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission

Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council

Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission

Vice Minister of Civil Affairs

Vice Minister of Public Security

Leader from the State Council

Deputy Chief Commanders:

Chief Commander:

Headquarters for Earthquake Response and Disaster Relief of the State Council

To complete the rapid survey of the stricken area

Earthquake Incident

To provide basicinformation on the stricken area.

To procurecasualty information

To give responsecounsel to the People’s Government

To perform casualty and loss assessment

To acquire the HD remote-sensing image of the stricken area

30min

1h

2h

3h

24-48h

72h

2015 Ms 8.1 Nepal Earthquake rescue operation

2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake rescue operation

EARTHQUAKEEMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Earthquake Response Flowchart

China International Search and Rescue team (CISAR) is a UN-classified heavy- rescue team that has been dep loyed in 10 in terna l rescue operations as well as in 10 external (in 13 batches) ones.


Earthquake S&T innovation efforts in china are open and cooperative, with the affiliated organizations as mainstays and nongovernmental entities participating in a comprehensive fashion.

A system of innovation platforms has taken shape, with the State Key Lab of Earthquake Dynamics as the lead and 8 CEA Key Labs as the backbone. Field observational stations and engineering institutions serve as auxiliaries.

EARTHQUAKESCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

Breakthrough Programs for Earthquake S&T Innovation＊ Earthquake Early-Warning and Emergency Response Technology＊ Key Technology for Earthquake Hazard and Risk Analysis of Metropolises and City Clusters＊ Technology for Rapid Acquisition and Accurate Assessment of Post-Seismic Situational Information＊ New Instruments Research and Development＊ Monitoring Technology of Underground Medium Changes Induced by Artificial Earthquakes ＊ Experimental Research, Numerical Simulation and Field Application of Faults in the Meta-instability Stage.

13 academicians of CAS and CAE

35 senior Research Fellows

377 professionals with senior titles

7070 skilled engineers

Nongovernmental entities

institutes 5

engineering-oriented affiliated

institutions

7

31provincial

earthquake administrations


Achievements in Earthquake S&T Innovation

Copious advances have been achieved in research on strong continental earthquake preparation and its disaster-inducing mechanism, earthquake monitoring and early warning, earthquake disaster prevention as well as response and rescue technology. Significant headway has been made in research on and development of earthquake early-warning and emergency response technology for high-speed railways, an earthquake early-warning system for nuclear power plants and a seismo-electromagnetic satellite.

Academician XIE Lili was presented with the First Prize of National S&T Progress in Jan., 2016

Changshui International Airport Terminal—the single biggest building with seismic isolation

Electromagnetic satellite(diagram)

Application of earthquake early-warning technology in high-speed railways

Seismic instrument system (KIS)in nuclear power plants(model)

1 2 3


INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONCEA cooperates with 13 international organizations and 77 countries, among which more than 40 countries have inter-governmental agreements with CEA on earthquake cooperation.

Bilateral Cooperation

CEA actively cooperates with the U.S., France, Russia, Italy, Japan and other countries on various fields such as earthquake monitoring, seismic observat ion , ear thquake ear l y warning, seismo-electromagnetic satellite, earthquake rescue, etc.

President XI Jinping and Belarussian President Alexander Lukashenko witnessed CEA and Belarussian Ministry for Emergency Situation's signing of a MOU on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Cooperation.

CEA Vice Administrator ZHAO Heping visited the observation center for volcanos and earthquakes of National University of Costa Rica.

CEA Administrator ZHENG Guoguang met with Director-General Rajendra Prasad Khanal of the Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal.

CEA Vice Administrator YIN Chaomin visited Italian Civil Protection Department.

CEA Vice Administrator NIU Zhijun visited U.S. Geological Survey.


Dedication to the Belt and Road Initiative

CEA is devoted to international cooperation with the Belt and Road countries to promote earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation. The Belt and Road region is prone to destructive earthquakes and volcanos. The Eurasian Seismic Belt, one of two global continental seismic belts, traverses this region.

Joint Construction of Seismograph Networks

Built seismic stations (in red) and stations under construction (in blue)

To date, CEA has aided in construction of 40 seismic stations in Algeria, Indonesia, Pakistan, Laos, Myanmar and Samoa. Seismograph Networks in Nepal, Laos and Kenya are under construction.


The on-going China-ASEAN Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring and Early-Warning System will integrate 30 seismic stations to help perform earthquake and tsunami monitoring and early warning in the South China Sea and adjacent areas.

Seismic Stations Distribution of the China-ASEAN Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring

and Early-Warning System

Collaboration in Seismic Zoning and Safety Evaluation of Major Projects

Seismic and geological hazard survey on the Tatopani checkpoint (at the border of China with Nepal)

Distribution of possible and existing seismic and geological hazards

China and Mongolia's collaboration on seismic zoning map

Seismic risk analysis of the Nairobi-Malaba Railway

(Site survey in the Great Rift Valley)


Since 2003, China International Search and Rescue (CISAR) Team has carried out 10 earthquake rescue missions to countries that include Algeria, Indonesia, Haiti, Japan, Nepal, etc.

For five conesecutive years, China and the U.S. have co-sponsored the INSARAG Asia-Pacific Regional Earthquake Response Exercises.

CEA has participated in the national search and rescue team classification of 10 countries and has undertaken 4 search and rescue capability assessment missions to Mongolia, Thailand and Philippines.

Cooperation on Emergency Response and Rescue Capacity Building

China and the U.S. co-sponsored the 2014 INSARAG Asia-Pacific Regional Earthquake Response Exercise in Chengdu, China

China-Singapore Joint USAR Winter Training in January, 2017

2015年 4月，尼泊尔8.1级地震救援


Joint Research and Technical Training

Working with Mongolian counterparts on the landforms of the Ar Hutul Fault

Joint field work at The Bishkek Science Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Joint geological survey in Thailand

Lancang-Mekong Cooperation:Earthquake Observation Techniques Training Course

From 2011 to 2013, CEA cooperated with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in the program of Geophysical Investigation and Deep Structure Modelling for Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Far East , implementing large-scale systematic field work in Mongolia that acquired data from 468 observational points and stations.

Joint research on geodynamics has been conducted in Russia, Central Asian and South East Asian countries.

Since 2006, CEA has organized 11 training sessions for developing countries,educating about 300 participants.


UN Under-Secretary-General John Holmesvisited China National Training Base for Urban Search and Rescue

Two former United Nations Under- Secretary-Generals visited CEA and highly appraised the agency's work in earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation, and both hoped to expand cooperation with CEA.

CEA plays an active part in collaboration and exchange w i th in te rnat iona l organizations such as UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE) and International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI), etc.

Active Involvement in International Affairs

14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering


Documents

6 EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION - 4thICCE · milestone for earthquake risk mitigation in China. ... Emergency Situation's signing of a MOU on Earthquake Disaster ... China Sea and adjacent