6 PERCEPTION AND COGNITION ANALYSISshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/47665/15/15...PERCEPTION AND COGNITION ANALYSIS 132 also done well. The least is scored by the category

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF A SMALL TOWN‐ BARKUR IN COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

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6 PERCEPTION AND COGNITION ANALYSIS

A preliminary survey of 30 people was conducted which included name, income,

place of residence, occupation, family size and opinion of Barkur. This enabled to

identify the landmarks and sectors of reference made by people. Also it helped to

develop logical method to do detailed survey. As explained in the methodology

the questionnaire tried to address the operative perception, responsive perception

and inferential perception. After this understanding a further elaborate

questionnaire survey was done with 80 people. People from various parts of

Barkur were randomly selected. Care was taken that variety in age, religion, place

of residence; occupation was there as much as possible.

The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts.

The first part takes the profile of the person: the name, age, qualification,

occupation, number of years in Barkur, place of birth, family size, and place

of residence and place of work.

The second part asks them to draw the map of the town with the key

features marked and important names of places.

The third part talks of the places in their daily life, places of visit for social

life, religious purposes, education, work and shops and other requirements.

They were also asked about places which they like the most what they

wanted to change in Barkur and what about Barkur should not change.

The last part showed 18 photographs of Barkur, which included views of

main road, views of important landmarks, views of small elements of historic

importance, views of landscape features, views of tanks, interior views of

temples and landmarks.

Each of the parts was used to give an idea of knowledge and association of the

town with the people


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The pilot survey made it possible to define the types of variables to be included in

the detailed questionnaire i.e. age, place of residence, familiarity with the town.

The other variables of income, religion, profession were neglected as they seem

to have less influence on the cognition of the town. The key aspects of daily

routine were identified as residence, workplace, commercial area for daily needs,

and religious institutions. Kote and Kathale Basadi were identified as landmarks or

places of pride for Barkur rather than places to visit or refer for movement in the

town. The photographic survey included details along the street as well as

elevations of structures, old as well as new areas of Barkur, landscape elements

as well as manmade elements.

6.1 Profile of the people in detailed survey

The people selected were such that they were using the town independently and

were able to take decisions about the way they move in town and use the

facilities. Hence the age group below 15years is not seen, as they will be

dependent on the parents to visit places of the town. The population of town is

7000 with 1200 households and another 2000 visitors, the people visiting and

using the town in the day-to day activities would be in the age groups of 15-60

years where people above 60 were only 2-3 hence the conclusions of that

category was neglected. Also the aim was to identify the working of the town for

the daily routine so the people not residing in the town on daily basis were

neglected. Effectively the people studied were around 3000-4000 of which 80

were picked from all parts of town with as much variety as possible in terms of

age, occupation, income group and place of residence and work within the town.

Hence the sample size is to ensure more than 10 in each category and sourced

from all parts of town as well as different user groups and different household.

The individual parameters are of less concern in the study whereas the overall

cognition and characteristics of the town is the main concern hence 110 sample

size seems adeqate to represent the overall population.

had

ext

diff

tha

res

par

6.2

MORP

The param

d been se

tent. The n

ficult to giv

at the age g

sidence in .

Figure 6-1: B

The bar

rameters o

2 Analys

50

sex

Fam

iliar

ity w

ith th

e to

wn

Pla

ce o

f

resi

denc

e

PHOLOGICAL S

meter of re

een in sam

numbers o

ve decisive

groups are

.5km of Old

Bar Chart sho

chart show

of religion, s

sis of ske

in barkur

in bark

o

0‐5y

5‐10 y

10‐20 y

20‐30 y

30‐50 y

0 and above y

STUDY OF A S

eligion and

mple survey

of persons

e conclusio

e almost ev

d Barkur do

owing the pro

ws the dis

sex, familia

etch map

r within 0.5km

ur within 1km

outside Barkur

ears in Barkur

ears in Barkur

ears in Barkur

ears in Barkur

ears in Barkur

ears in Barkur

male

female

SMALL TOWN

sex was n

y that it di

in religion

on along th

venly distrib

oes not ha

ofile of people

stribution

arity with th

p

0 10

m

m

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

e

e

N‐ BARKUR IN

ot conside

id not affe

n after ran

hese param

buted in al

ave 15-25 y

e questioned

of differen

he town, pl

20 30

N COASTAL KA

red for det

ect the res

ndom sam

meters. Th

ll paramete

years age g

in detailed qu

nt age gro

ace of resi

40 50

ARNATAKA, IN

tailed analy

ponses to

pling also

e bar char

ers except

group.

uestionnaire.

oups acros

idence.

15‐24

25‐44

45‐59

60‐10

NDIA

ysis as it

a large

make it

rt shows

place of

ss other

4

4

9

00

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6.2.1 Accuracy of sketch map: The people in Barkur were asked to sketch the map of town in their own way

pointing key landmarks. The maps were analyzed for accuracy in terms of name,

location, route geometry and distance proportion and this was multiplied by the

number of places identified. Some examples are as follows:


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Table 6-1: Table showing how the calculation for points for accuracy was done for the examples

num

ber

of

ques

tionn

aire

age

resi

dent

no

of

year

s us

ing

num

ber

of

ques

tionn

aire

na

me

loca

tion

rout

e

dist

ance

accu

racy

nu

mbe

r of

pl

aces

to

tal

poin

ts

in a

ccur

acy Sketch map

60 25-45 1 30-

50 60 N L R D 1 8 8

57 60-80 2

50-… 57 N L R D 2 16 32

41 15-25 2 20-

30 41 N L R D 3 19 57

27 45-60

2 30-50

27 N L R D 4 17 68

Overall in sketch map age group 60-80 years who have spent a long time in

Barkur have scored well in terms sketch map and accuracy. Age group 15-25 has


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also done well. The least is scored by the category of people residing beyond 1km

radius of Barkur town. (Residence 3) as shown in the chart below.

Table 6-2: Table showing the level of accuracy scores in each category for sketch map

sketch map and accuracy

CATEGORY NO. OF PEOPLE

Avg. no of places

accuracy of 3-4 in %

avg. score

highest score

score below 10 in %

score above 30 in %

As per age group 15-25 19 9.4 47.0 23.2 57.0 21.0 42.0 25-45 36 7.9 36.0 17.4 45.0 47.0 17.0 45-60 21 10.3 47.0 26.9 68.0 42.9 38.0 60-80 4 12.8 50.0 30.3 57.0 25.0 50.0

As per place of residence 1-IN KACCHUR 23 9.3 47.8 22.2 48.0 30.0 39.0 2- WITHIN 1KM 33 10.0 45.5 24.0 68.0 30.0 42.4 3- BEYOND 1KM 24 6.6 29.2 10.9 39.0 58.0 4.0

As per familiarity of the town 0-10 YRS 5 7.8 40.0 16.6 32.0 40.0 40.0 10-20 YRS 13 6.9 38.5 15.3 39.0 40.0 30.1 20-30 YRS 25 7.9 40.0 19.8 57.0 32.0 28.0 30-50YRS 28 8.4 29.3 19.3 68.0 25.0 42.9 50 AND ABOVE 9 12.8 55.5 26.4 57.0 55.6 33.3

OVERALL 80 8.13 41.25 19.4 68 37.5 30

Places identified in sketch plan:

Table 6-3: Table showing number of places identified in each category in sketch plan

CATEGORY NO. OF

PEOPLE avg. no of

place avg.

score highest no of

places highest

score As per age group 15-25 19 9.2 54.8 19.0 96.0 25-45 36 9.7 49.9 17.0 121.0 45-60 21 10.8 61.0 18.0 113.0 60-80 4 11.8 65.3 19.0 102.0

As per place of residence 1-IN

KACCHUR 23 9.2 52.1 23.0 121.0 2- WITHIN

1KM 33 9.6 53.2 19.0 102.0 3- BEYOND 24 5.5 31.9 18.0 113.0


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1KM

As per familiarity with the town 0-10 YRS 5 7.8 45.6 16.0 96.0 10-20 YRS 13 6.9 41.2 13.0 83.0 20-30 YRS 25 8.2 47.3 23.0 121.0 30-50YRS 28 8.4 44.4 17.0 92.0 50 AND

ABOVE 9 10.2 59.2 18.0 113.0

OVERALL 80 8.25 46.5 23 121

Overall in sketch map age group 60-80 years and 45-60 years who have

spent a long time in Barkur have scored well in terms sketch map and importance

of places. The least is scored by the category of people residing beyond 1km

radius of Barkur town (residence 3) and people who have been using Barkur for

10-20years as shown in the table above.

Later the sketch plan was analyzed for the places identified by people, which

came up to be around 24 landmarks, which had importance as per history and

religion. The number written next to the names of places relates to the importance

of the place in history rated by historian Dr. Jagdeesh Shetty(H.O.D history in Poorna Pradnya

College, Udupi)

Table 6-4: Identification of landmarks as per sketch map- overall, as per age group, as per place of residence, as per familiarity of town

cate

gory

Panc

halin

gesh

war

a -

10

Bha

tta

Vina

yaka

tem

ple-

10

Kal

chap

ra- 1

0

Ben

neku

dra-

08

Kat

hale

Bas

adi -

08

Kal

ikha

mba

-08

Veer

abad

ra -0

7

Som

nath

eshw

ara

tem

ple

07Pa

ncha

linge

shw

ara

tem

ple

07w

ater

tank

s- 0

7

Kac

chur

N

ages

hwar

-

06

chur

ch 0

6

Sant

he- 0

6

fort

Kot

e- 0

6

Ran

gana

keri-

05

Jann

arda

na K

oodl

e -

05

Sim

hasa

na G

udde

- 05

Mas

tiam

ma

tem

ple-

04

Hos

aker

i G

anap

ati

Tem

ple

- 04

Som

nath

eshw

ara

tem

ple

04Ve

nugo

palk

rishn

a

tem

ple

04B

abbu

Swam

y/

Mal

atid

evi t

empl

e- 0

4

Ban

dar K

eri M

atta

- 04

Bra

hma

Bad

raka

li

Gar

di- 0

4

ove

rall

54%

64%

65%

44%

23%

31%

11%

19%

23%

23%

13%

28%

10%

10%

1%

4%

13%

8%

4%

8%

8%

9%

1%

3%

Classification as per age group in years

15-25

68%

68%

74%

47%

32%

37%

11%

26%

26%

16%

5%

32%

16%

5%

0%

5%

16%

11%

5%

5%

5%

11%

0%

0%

25-45

44%

58%

56%

44%

17%

19%

8%

14%

17%

17%

8%

28%

6%

8%

0%

0%

8%

6%

3%

6%

6%

8%

0%

0%

45-60

52%

67%

67%

38%

19%

43%

14%

24%

29%

29%

24%

24%

14%

14%

0%

5%

19%

5%

0%

5%

10%

5%

0%

10%

60-100

75%

75%

100%

50%

50%

50%

25%

0%

25%

75%

25%

25%

0%

25%

25%

25%

0%

25%

25%

50%

25%

25%

25%

0%

Classification as per location of residence in km


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stay in Kacchur

61%

74%

61%

43%

22%

26%

22%

26%

26%

30%

17%

61%

17%

9%

0%

0%

22%

9%

4%

13%

9%

13%

0%

4%

stay within 1km

61%

67%

82%

48%

27%

42%

6%

24%

27%

33%

15%

15%

6%

12%

3%

6%

15%

9%

3%

9%

9%

9%

3%

0%

stay beyond 1km

38%

50%

46%

38%

17%

21%

8%

4%

13%

0%

4%

13%

8%

8%

0%

4%

0%

4%

4%

0%

4%

4%

0%

4%

Classification as per familiarity of town in years

0-10

40%

80%

60%

80%

0%

0%

20%

20%

20%

0%

20%

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20%

20%

40%

20%

20%

40%

0%

0%

10-20

54%

54%

54%

38%

23%

38%

8%

38%

23%

0%

8%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

8%

0%

0%

8%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20-30

56%

56%

60%

28%

20%

32%

16%

16%

20%

28%

16%

32%

8%

4%

0%

4%

12%

12%

0%

0%

8%

8%

0%

0%

30-50

46%

64%

68%

39%

14%

25%

0%

7%

18%

18%

4%

32%

14%

11%

0%

0%

14%

0%

0%

4%

4%

7%

0%

0%

50-above

67%

67%

67%

56%

44%

44%

33%

33%

44%

67%

33%

22%

0%

33%

11%

22%

0%

22%

11%

33%

22%

11%

11%

22%

Table 6-5: Identification of nodes, boundaries and districts- overall, as per age group, as per location of residence, as per familiarity of town.

category river

fron

t/ na

ture

04

shop

s an

d ot

her f

acili

ties

of to

wn

03

loca

litie

s/vi

llage

nam

es 0

3

othe

rs 0

3

Her

adi r

oad

Mud

uker

i roa

d

Bra

hmav

ara

road

chur

ch/ p

anch

ayat

roa

d

rath

a-be

edi r

oad

Ben

neku

dra

road

saib

raka

tte ro

ad

link

to c

hurc

h ro

ad

people 15% 51% 39% 54% 54% 38% 74% 13% 58% 29% 58% 10%

Classification as per age group in years

15-25 11% 42% 32% 89% 37% 26% 37% 21% 84% 16% 26% 5%

25-45 14% 56% 36% 44% 33% 19% 47% 11% 47% 17% 39% 11%

45-60 19% 43% 29% 43% 48% 24% 62% 10% 52% 14% 52% 5%

60-100 25% 100% 100% 25% 0% 25% 100% 25% 50% 25% 25% 0%

Classification as per location of residence in km

stay in Kacchur 22% 70% 35% 74% 22% 13% 70% 9% 87% 13% 30% 9%

stay within 1km 9% 64% 52% 58% 55% 36% 45% 24% 52% 24% 42% 9%

stay beyond 1km 17% 17% 25% 29% 33% 13% 42% 4% 38% 8% 33% 4%

Clas

0-10

10-2

20-3

30-5

50-a

an

ac

na

37

13

by

sk

1234567

F1

MORP

ssification as per fam

20%

0 8%

30 12%

50 18%

above 22%

Figu(Eac

d amount it is

The grap

cts as refer

ame where

7persons,

3persons, S

y 34person

ketch by so

65 64

010203040506070

Kalchapra‐ 10

bhatta vinayaka…

FIRST HIERARC100-50%

PHOLOGICAL S

miliarity of town in yea

20% 80%

23% 8%

56% 20%

54% 43%

56% 89%

ure 6.2: Graphch number nes active in pre

ph clearly s

rence for t

e Brahmav

Church ro

Saibrakatte

ns, Muduk

ome as chu

59 54 54 5

brahmavar

Panchalingeshwa…

othe

rs 03

shop

sand

othe

r

CHY

STUDY OF A S

ars

40% 0% 20%

38% 69% 31%

80% 36% 24%

43% 36% 18%

11% 0% 22%

h showing thext to the naesent times i

shows that

he people

vara road w

oad/pancha

e by 37per

keri road b

urch link ro

51 46 46 44

shop

s and

other…

rathabeedi

saibrakatte

bene

kudre‐ 08

SECOND HI49-30%

SMALL TOWN

60% 0% 2

69% 0% 3

44% 16% 4

54% 18% 6

33% 22% 6

e % number ome of the plan the scale of

t the roads

of the tow

was identifi

ayat road

rsons, Hera

by 24perso

ad which f

4 43 3931

bene

kudre

08

mandarthi

localities/village…

kalikam

ba ‐0

8

ERARCHY

N‐ BARKUR IN

20% 0% 20%

31% 8% 38%

48% 20% 36%

64% 21% 54%

67% 11% 11%

of people whoace gives impf 1-10)

s are the m

wn. There a

ed by 47pe

by 11per

adi road/ M

ons. The

urther led t

30 28 23mud

ukere

church 06

kathale basadi ‐0

8

N COASTAL KA

0%

0%

8%

7%

11%

o identified eportance of th

most identif

are seven

ersons, Ra

rsons, Ben

Mandarthi r

eighth roa

to Simhasa

23 23 23 1

chou

likerep

ancha…

water ta

nks‐ 07

benn

ekud

ra

Mud

ukere

ARNATAKA, IN

ach place he place as p

fied elemen

roads iden

atha-beedi

nnekudra

road was id

ad was ma

ana Gudde

19 15 13 13

Mud

ukere…

riverfron

t/…

Kacchu

r…

Simhasana…

THIRD HIERAR29-15%

NDIA

per history

nt which

ntified by

road by

road by

dentified

arked in

e.

3 11 10

Simhasana…

veerabadra ‐0

7

santhe

‐ 06

RCHY

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Figure 6-2: Bar chart of the number of people identifying the main roads in each parameter

1st hierarchy places identified by 50% and above: The places or landmarks

most identified are Bhatt Vinayaka temple (51persons), Kalchapra

(52persons),Next most popular landmarks are Panchalingeshwara temple

(43persons),all shops and facilities put together (41persons), all other landmarks

put together (43persons). In other landmarks the places identified were Ram

Mandir, Gopal Krishna temple, some popular houses, offices used by individuals,

one own residence.

2nd hierarchy places identified by 30%-49%:Next hierarchy come Bennekudra

temple(35persons), Kalikhamba temple(25persons). Names of localities put

together also features high (31persons). The locality names used are Kotakeri,

Chowlikeri, Mudukeri, Manigarkeri, Hosakeri, and Bennekudra from the ancient

times. It is to be noted that ‘Keri’ means sector and ‘kudra’ means island. In

present times the panchayat nomenclature used by people are Kacchur, Heradi,

Hosala, and Hanehalli

3rd hierarchy places identified by 10%-29%:In this hierarchy is

church(22persons), Kathale Basadi(18persons), Mudukeri temple(15persons),

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

15‐25

25‐45

45‐60

60‐80

1‐IN KACCHUR

2‐ WITHIN 1KM

3‐ BEYOND 1KM

0‐10 YRS

10‐20 YRS

20‐30 YRS

30‐50YRS

50 AND ABOVE


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Chowlikeri temple(18persons), water tanks put together(18persons), river

front(12persons) .


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Figure 6-3 : Map showing conclusions after sketch map analysis in terms of five element of image ability.


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Figure 6-4: the five elements of cognition as per Kevin lynch derived from sketch plan as per age group classification.


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When we see the sketch map analysis differentiated as per age group the

student crown 15-25 years have good knowledge of town and landmark however

the Ratha-beedi dominates their understanding and the landmarks of Kacchur and

Kalchapra dominate the map. The most balanced diagram of the town is from age

group 45-60 years as they are familiar with the whole town and travel to various

places of the town. The identification of landmarks in first hierarchy is same in all

age groups. Mudukeri Chowlikeri, Kalikhamba, Nageshwara temple, Bennekudra

temple etc. are all in the average category. The lowest scores are for the Gardi,

Janardana Kudli, Mastiamma temple, Hosakeri Ganapathy temple, etc.

Figure 6-5: sketch map analysis as per place of residence: within Kacchur old town, within 1km

radius beyond Kacchur and beyond 1km radius of the town.


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This analysis shows that the familiarity of roads is well distributed with the first

two categories. The analysis shows that the familiarity goes along the main road

more and less on inner roads when it comes to residents staying beyond 1km

radius.

6.3 Analysis of verbal description

6.3.1 Places people associate for daily activity. People were asked about their routine for day to day needs and places they

use and visit for different purposes. This is to identify the places they use to define

their movement and distinguish the references and important details they include

while describing the town features.

Table 6-6: table showing the number and accuracy of places and routes identified in verbal description survey

CATEGORY NO. OF

PEOPLE avg. no of

place avg.

score highest no of

places highest

score As per age group 15-25 19 6.8 52.3 10.0 82.0 25-45 36 7.0 54.0 20.0 179.0 45-60 21 8.2 63.7 23.0 219.0 60-80 4 6.5 52.3 10.0 70.0

As per place of residence 1-IN

KACCHUR 23 7.7 57.2 20.0 179.0 2- WITHIN

1KM 33 6.5 49.5 12.0 87.0 3- BEYOND

1KM 24 7.0 57.0 23.0 219.0

As per familiarity with the town 0-10 YRS 5 7.6 54.6 12.0 77.0 10-20 YRS 13 7.2 56.6 15.0 134.0 20-30 YRS 25 6.4 48.4 12.0 88.0 30-50YRS 28 7.4 58.5 23.0 219.0 50 AND

ABOVE 9 6.7 51.4 11.0 73.0 OVERALL 80 6.98 54 23 219

This score is low for older people above 60 years of age as well as 15-25years

as they visit less number places in their daily routine and less requirements for

sho

of

yea

Pa

Ka

te

m

Si

to

MORP

opping. Pe

mature ag

ars and ab

Figure 6-6: G

1st hierar

anchalinge

athale Bas

2ndhierarc

mple (32)

ain road.

3rdhierarc

mhasana G

Other fac

gether sco

1

1

PHOLOGICAL S

eople who

e. I the las

ove also sc

Graph showin

rchy places

eshwara te

adi (56), B

chy place

Mudukeri t

chy in p

Gudde(14)

cilities of s

ored 79.

100%99

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

FIRS100-5

STUDY OF A S

stayed wit

st category

cored less

ng places ide

s identified

mple (60),

Bennekudra

es identifie

temple (26

places ide

), Riverfron

hops, work

9%

75%70%59

T HIERARCHY50%

SMALL TOWN

thin 1km of

y of people

as they m

ntified by peo

d by 50% a

and most

a (45), Kote

ed by 30-

6)come as p

entified by

nt and natu

k places sc

9%56%43%40

SECOHIERAY 49-30

N‐ BARKUR IN

f Barkur sc

e those wh

oved abou

ople in daily r

and above:

t popular fo

e (47).

-49%:Kalch

places in r

y 10-24%

ure scores (

cored toge

%33%

18%18%

OND ARCH

0%

THIRD29-15%

N COASTAL KA

cored less a

ho have us

ut less in th

routine and as

The place

or picnics

hapra (34)

outine whic

%:Kalikham

(11).

ther 84 an

%14%10%10%

D HIERARCHY %

ARNATAKA, IN

as they we

sed Barkur

heir old age

ssociation in

es most vis

and visits

), and Ch

ch are clos

mba templ

nd other lan

%10%

NDIA

ere more

r for 50

e.

words.

sited are

are and

howlikeri

se to the

le (14),

ndmarks

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Figure 6-7: map showing the intensity of use, association and concern for the town for overall

This analysis shows that the references are more at spots rather than

continuous, the routes are marked at beginning and end in terms of bus stops or

bridges or nodes and junctions. The district names are added to description of

landmark. Certain landmarks like Chowlikeri, Mudukeri, Gardi, temples score more


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than the sketch map analysis and the routes are not mentioned other than Ratha-

beedi and the main road from Brahmavara to Chowlikeri.

Figure 6-8: the verbal description and association with the places of the town as per age group

The variation as per age group for verbal description of places associated by

the people is not varying too much except that the category 15-25 age group has

identified more number of places than the other age group on an average.

However the hierarchy and dominant landmarks remain the same.


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Figure 6-9: The verbal description and association with the places of the town as per place of residence

The place of residence has definite impact on the familiarity of the places in the

town. The n8umber of places identified is more with residents in Kacchur and

people staying within 1km radius. The number of landmark and attachment

reduces when the place of residence is beyond 1km radius.

6.4 Analysis of photo identification survey


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Table 6-7: performance of people in each parameter in photo identification survey

CATEGORY NO. OF

PEOPLE

avg. % of no of photographs

highest % of no of photographs

15-25 19 61.7 100.0 25-45 36 70.9 94.4 45-60 21 57.2 100.0 60-80 4 63.9 94.4 1-IN KACCHUR 23 60.6 100.0 2- WITHIN 1KM 33 65.8 94.4 3- BEYOND 1KM 24 56.0 100.0 0-10 YRS 5 63.3 100.0 10-20 YRS 13 65.4 94.4 20-30 YRS 25 68.9 94.4 30-50YRS 28 62.9 100.0 50 AND ABOVE 9 51.2 83.3 OVERALL 80 61.39 100

Recognition of photographs was high by age 25-45 and low by 45-60, people

staying beyond 1km radius scored low and people using Barkur for 50 and above

years also scored low where age could be the reason and less movement in the

town and hence not familiar with the changes in the town in recent times. People

using Barkur for 30-50years scored well on an average.

sid

no.

col

Bra

hig

eve

poi

Be

old

no.

57p

Ch

24p

MORP

Figure 6-10:

1st hierarc

e like no.3

.7(chariot f

umn in fr

ahmavara-

gh as they

ery day. Ph

int-49perso

nnekudra i

dest street

.1(element

persons) s

2nd hierar

owlikeri t

persons), s

9

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

PHOLOGICAL S

% of people

chy of phot

3 (Kathale

for temple

ront of ka

56persons

are along

hotographs

ons), no.1

island-45p

ts of Bar

t of Cho

cored well

rchy ident

tank-36per

scored les

96%93%

76%76

STUDY OF A S

identifying ea

tographs id

basadi-77

festival on

alchapra-61

s), no.13(h

g the main

s like no.14

6(house

ersons), no

rkur and

owlikeri te

as they we

ified by p

rsons), no

ss as they

6%75%71%70%

SMALL TOWN

ach photogra

dentified 50

7persons),

n the road-5

1persons),

ouse of P

road and

4(end of th

next to c

o.18(Santh

are recog

emple-50pe

ere belong

people 30-

o.5(Muduke

are from

%70%63%61%

N‐ BARKUR IN

aph

0-100%:Th

no. 4(panc

56persons

no.10(rive

Panchayat

are popu

he old stree

church-45p

he-old mark

gnized we

ersons), n

ging to popu

-49%: Pho

eri temple

areas not

%59%58%56%4

N COASTAL KA

e photogra

chalingesh

), no.9(view

er edge a

member-6

lar structu

et to the riv

persons),

ket-50pers

ell and in

no.8(lamp

ular structu

otograph n

e shasan

frequented

45%45%33%30

ARNATAKA, IN

aphs from t

wara-74pe

w of road w

at Barkur

61persons)

res or view

ver which i

no.17(ban

sons) are a

nterior vie

in the

ures.

no.2(inner

a on the

d by peop

0%29%

NDIA

the road

ersons ),

with one

towards

, scored

ws seen

s a ferry

k along

along the

ews like

temple-

view of

e road-

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interior view of structures like no.6(path around the temple-24persons) did not

score high as it was from the back and not the regular angle to be seen.

3rd hierarchy identified by people 15-24%:Structures and view off the main road

like photograph no.11(plantation at Kacchur village-26persons), no.15(house along

old road to mudukeri-24persons) have lesser number of people recognizing them.

The reason could be that they do not form reference while walking or orienting

oneself. Also they may not be used very often by people. When it comes to private

property the number is very low.


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Figure 6-11: map showing photos identified most overall

6.5 Overall conclusion Age wise: It is seen that the age group 60-80 does well in overall

understanding of the town. However it cannot be concluded for sure that more the


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age better is the understanding as 15-25 did well in sketch map analysis and 45-

60 in daily routine and associational value, while 25-45 scored well in sketch map

and photo identification.

Figure 6-12: bar chart showing accuracy and performance in each survey for different age group

Place of residence: Here there is a definite pattern beyond doubt that people

staying beyond 1km of town have lower comprehension of town than ones staying

within 1km of Barkur. However there is no difference between people staying in

Kacchur that is the oldest part of the town to people staying within 1km radius of

the town.

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

15‐25

25‐45

45‐60

60‐80


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Figure 6-13: bar chart showing performance of people in three surveys as per place of residence

No. of years using Barkur: Here it is seen that less than 20 years scores less

than above 20 years and 30 years and above shows better understanding than all

other categories. Since the sample size of 0-10 and above 50years is small there

is no definite conclusion about the same. It is seen that readings about daily

activity and photographs is low of age above 50 years which matches the age

group findings. It could be less mobility or poor eyesight or fixed routine limited in

distance and places.

Figure 6-14: bar chart showing performance of people in three surveys as per familiarity with the town

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0

1‐IN KACCHUR

2‐ WITHIN 1KM

3‐ BEYOND 1KM

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

0‐10 YRS

10‐20 YRS

20‐30 YRS

30‐50YRS

50 AND ABOVE


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The response in each aspect of questionnaire as explained before was divided

into five hierarchy.

HIERARCHY FIRST- 50-100% (40-80 PERSONS)

SECOND 30-49% (24-39 PERSONS)

THIRD 15-29% (12-23 PERSONS)

Landmarks: Nodes Paths Edges Districts

Bhatt Vinayaka, Panchalingeshwara, Kalchapra, Shops And Other Facilities Brahmavara road, Heradi Mandarthi road, ratha-beedi, Saibrakatte road

Bennekudra, Kalikhamba, Mudukeri road Names Of Locality-Mudukeri, Kacchur,Chowlikeri, Manigarkeri,Hannehalli, Hosala,Bennekudra, Heradi

Church, Kathale Basadi, Mudukeri Temple, Chowlikeri Temple, Water Tanks, Bennekudra road River Front

Landmarks Nodes Paths Edges districts

Panchalingeshwara,, Kathale Basadi, Bennekudra Temple, Kote

Kalchapra, Chowlikeri temple, Mudukeri temple

Kalikhamba Simhasana Gudde

Landmarks:

Kathale Basadi, Panchalingeshwara, Chariot Festival Of Panchalingeshwara, Kalchapra,, Santhe,

Path Behind Panchalingeshwara Temple


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Nodes Paths Edges Districts

Chowlikeri interior Old Ferry Point From Panchayat Road, House Of Panchayat Member Opposite Santhe, House Next To Church, River Edge From Brahmavara Bridge, River Edge From Bennekudra Bridge,

Chowlikeri Tank, Shasana At Mudukeri,

Plantation, House Along Old Mudukeri Road

It is seen that Panchalingeshwara and temple come in first hierarchy in sketch

plan, places of daily routine, photograph identification. This shows they are

important landmark for identification of the town, it is also part of their present

lifestyle and they are visually familiar with the structures,

Kalchapra though first in important landmark and visual familiarity it comes

second in terms of association value. Bennekudra though first in daily routine

comes second in landmark as it is far away from the center of the town. Kathale

Basadi though first in association comes third in landmark and Kote being first in

association comes fourth in landmark.


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Chowlikeri Panchalingeshwara temple and Mudukeri Somnatheshwara temple

come second in daily routine and landmark however are first in visual familiarity

SKETCH PLAN DAILY ROUTINE PHOTO IDENTIFICATION

1stHIERARCHY

Panchalingeshwara -10 54% Panchalingeshwar

a -10 75%

4. Panchalingeshwara temple 6. path around temple

92.5% 28.75%

Bhatt Vinayaka temple-10 64% 8. lamp in the temple 71%

Kalchapra- 10 65% Kalchapra -10 43% 9. column in the road at Kalchapra 76%

Bennekudra- 08 44% Bennekudra- 07 56%

Kathale Basadi -08 23% Kathale Basadi -05 70% 3. Kathale Basadi 96%

Brahmavara 59% 10. river edge at Barkur towards Brahmavara 70%

ratha-beedi 46% 7. chariot of festival 70% 2ndHIERARCHY localities/village names 03 39%

Kalikhamba -08 31% Kalikhamba -07 18% Veerabadra -07 11% Veerabadra -07 5% Mudukeri Somnatheshwara temple -07

19% Mudukeri temple -07 33%

5.shasana around Mudukeri temple 59%

Chowlikeri Panchalingeshwara temple- 07

23% Chowlikeri temple- 07 40%

1. elements of Chowlikeri temple 63%

water tanks- 07 23% 2.chowlikere tank 45% church 06 28% Church - 07 10% Mandarthi 43%

Mudukeri 30% 15. house along the old street of Mudukeri 30%

panchayat 10%

11. Plantation at Kacchur village 12. Compound of house of political leader 13. House of panchayat member 14. end of old street to river where boats come

33%, 45%, 76% 61.25%

Bennekudra 23% 17. bank along Bennekudra island 56%

saibrakatte 46%


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3rdHIERARCHY

Kacchur Nageshwar- 06 13% Kacchur

Nageshwar- 05 3% Santhe- 06 10% Santhe- 05 5% 18. old market 75% fort Kote- 06 10% fort Kote- 05 59% Simhasana Gudde- 05 13% Simhasana

Gudde- 05 18%

riverfront/ nature 04 15% riverfront/ nature 04 14%

church road 8% 16. house along road next to church 58%

4thHIERARCHY Manigarkeri Somnatheshwara temple- 04

8% Manigarkeri Somnatheshwara temple- 05 10%

Mudukeri Venugopalkrishna temple -04

8% Mudukeri Venugopalkrishna temple -05 6%

BabbuSwamy/ Malatidevi temple- 04

9% BabbuSwamy/ Malatidevi temple- 05 10%

Mastiamma temple- 04 8% Mastiamma

temple- 05 5%

5thHIERARCHY

Hosakeri Ganapati Temple - 04 4% Hosakeri Ganapati

Temple - 05 4% Ranganakeri- 05 1% Ranganakeri- 05 4% Jannardana Koodle -05 4% Jannardana

Koodle -05 3%

Bandar Keri Matta- 04 1% Bandar Keri

Matta- 04 4% Brahma Badrakali Gardi- 04 3% Brahma Badrakali

Gardi- 04 4% NOT CONSIDERED

shops and other facilities of town 03 51%

shops and other facilities of town 10 100%

others 03 54% others 10 99%

From all the above analysis it is clear that the age group of 15-45 has good

mobility and show little variation in understanding of the town. The familiarity with


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landmarks is more with residents staying within 1km radius and the inner roads are

more used by these residents. The familiarity of use pattern shows that it takes up

to 5-10 years as per frequency of use for the people to understand 90% of the

town area. There is less difference in understanding of town beyond 10 years.

From the above analysis the operative model of perception for the town of Barkur

is as follows:


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Figure 6-15: the figures show the operative perception overall comparing first and second and final all five hierarchy


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Figure 6-16: the final operative model of perception of Barkur including all five hierarchies.


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6.6 Visual analysis of form of Barkur town without familiarity of town

The town was surveyed and documented by people who had no knowledge of

the present town and no knowledge of historic, social or political background. This

analysis helps in evaluating the physical aspects of the town w.r.t. perception and

cognition of the town. The studies done were for the experiential aspects in space

motion diagrams and visual aspects of the street elevations of the town.

6.6.1 Format of visual impact analysis of street elevation: Students from Serbia, Austria and Aurangabad from India were made to

evaluate the street elevation of the structures in terms of visual impact. Through

these analyses we tried to determine the most influential elements that are

affecting the creation of the certain flavor of the space or its ambience. City of

Barkur, as one of the main centers of religion and culture from the past, was a

perfect choice for this project, because of its mix of old and new, traditional and

global, and the constant change of this thing. It was important to find out what is

making us feel different in various parts of the same road, with a distance of just a

few meters. What were the elements that are making such a radical change of the

atmosphere possible? We tried to give the answer through the analysis of the

street front and building facades.

6.6.2 Conclusion from the visual impact analysis of street elevation

enc

lan

the

arc

occ

MORP

Area 01

Dominatin

closure, bu

ndmarks. H

e overall im

chitecture c

curs in this

Dominatin

Vegetatio

Roof deco

Ratio was

PHOLOGICAL S

ng elemen

uilt environ

Highly deco

mpression

characteris

s area, give

ng element

n – 85%

orations – 5

s defined o

STUDY OF A S

ts in this

nment is b

orated roof

of the a

stic for this

es an addit

t – 2 landm

5%

nly on one

SMALL TOWN

area are

ecoming m

fs of templ

mbient, w

part of Ind

ional accen

marks – 15%

side – h/w

N‐ BARKUR IN

temples. B

more attrac

le structure

hich gives

dia. Also, t

nt on the im

%

w – 1/3

N COASTAL KA

Because o

ctive and t

es are add

s us a fee

the slopes

mportance

ARNATAKA, IN

of the low

takes a rol

ding more

eling of tra

of the roa

of this plac

NDIA

level of

le of the

value to

aditional

ad which

ce.

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tha

of

wh

we

MORP

Area 02

Elements

at is probab

the whole

ich is stron

e are passin

Dominatin

Gaps – 20

Ratio was

Area 03

PHOLOGICAL S

which are

bly the size

building. O

ngly influen

ng by it.

ng element

0%

s defined o

STUDY OF A S

most notic

e of the ro

One more

ncing the f

t – slope ro

nly on one

SMALL TOWN

ceable in th

of surface

thing that

feeling of le

oof – 80%

side – h/w

N‐ BARKUR IN

his area ar

which we

should be

ess enclos

w – 2/3

N COASTAL KA

re roof stru

can see c

e noticed is

sed space

ARNATAKA, IN

ctures. Re

compared w

s the empt

which we

NDIA

ason for

with size

ty parcel

have as

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fro

les

the

arc

mo

floo

allo

are

MORP

Character

m quite or

ss similar h

e slope ro

chitecture.

Dominatin

H/w – 2/3

Area 04

Difference

ost charact

or whose r

owing us to

e produced

Dominatin

Roof – 35

H/w – 2/3

PHOLOGICAL S

ristic of this

rdered buil

eight and p

oofs of the

ng element

e between

teristic elem

relation with

o notice th

d).

ng element

5%

STUDY OF A S

s part of th

lding line (

proportion

e buildings

t – slope ro

sizes of b

ment for th

h the rest o

e ground f

t – second

SMALL TOWN

he street is

(with one e

of houses

s are givi

oof – 80%

building in

his segme

of the build

floor (main

floor – 65%

N‐ BARKUR IN

s the feelin

exception

is making

ng this ar

this area

nt. Most o

ding is affe

ly because

%

N COASTAL KA

g of contin

of one em

this area q

rea the fla

is obvious

of the build

cting our p

e of the de

ARNATAKA, IN

nuity, which

mpty plot).

quite const

avor of tra

s, and may

dings have

perception,

ep shadow

NDIA

h comes

More or

tant, and

aditional

y be the

second

and not

ws which C

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wh

les

bou

MORP

Area 05

This segm

ich is ove

ss enclose

undaries d

Dominatin

Roof – 10

Ratio was

Area 06

PHOLOGICAL S

ment is ch

rwhelming

ed space,

oes exist.

ng element

0%

s not define

STUDY OF A S

aracterized

the amou

although

t – vegetati

ed

SMALL TOWN

d by the a

unt of built

not tota

ion – 90%

N‐ BARKUR IN

amount of

structures

lly opened

N COASTAL KA

vegetation

s. That giv

d, becaus

ARNATAKA, IN

n and open

ves us a fe

se some

NDIA

n space,

eeling of

kind of

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pre

bui

the

pre

bec

roo

of t

MORP

Amount o

evious one

ilt structure

e sky that w

Dominatin

Vegetatio

Old house

H/w – 2/3

Area 07

Size of th

esent on t

coming con

of structure

the “Indian

Dominatin

Gaps betw

H/w – 1/2

PHOLOGICAL S

of green ar

, but the fe

es is giving

we can perc

ng element

n – 20%

es – 10%

e building

this whole

nstant on t

es are agai

” street.

ng element

ween build

STUDY OF A S

reas in thi

eeling of le

g us the fee

ceive beco

t – new stru

in this are

location.

the left side

n becomin

t – slope ro

ings – 25%

SMALL TOWN

s part of t

ess enclose

eling of ver

omes less t

uctures – 7

ea is again

Number o

e of the roa

ng dominan

oof – 40%

%

N‐ BARKUR IN

the road is

ed space s

rtical enclo

than before

70%

coming ba

of “green

ad. Besides

nt and high

N COASTAL KA

s becomin

still remain

sure, beca

e.

ack to the

gaps” bet

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ARNATAKA, IN

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the

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Color – 15

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H/w – 1/2

PHOLOGICAL S

minant elem

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fee

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Area 09

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PHOLOGICAL S

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H/w – 2/3

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present

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exc

the

MORP

Area 11

Street line

ception of t

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Dominatin

New struc

H/w – 2/3

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PHOLOGICAL S

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the large b

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we

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H/w – 3/2

PHOLOGICAL S

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ARNATAKA, IN

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wh

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con

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Area 14

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o are also

minant ele

ntext.

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Vegetatio

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H/w – 1/3

PHOLOGICAL S

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ements is f

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0%

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mount of ve

are keepi

for sure th

t – gate – 1

SMALL TOWN

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15%

N‐ BARKUR IN

present on

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which has a

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ARNATAKA, IN

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k in this

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no

fee

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This part o

wall as a b

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Dominatin

Roof – 10

Vegetatio

H/w – 1/3

PHOLOGICAL S

of the stree

boundary.

hey are con

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STUDY OF A S

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ntemporary

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SMALL TOWN

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om the prev

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vious ones

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ARNATAKA, IN

s, because

e buildings

NDIA

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and the

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left

ser

cha

MORP

Area 16

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t side of th

rves as a

ange betwe

Dominatin

Gaps – 15

H/w – 1/3

PHOLOGICAL S

minant thing

he road, an

barrier th

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ng element

5%

STUDY OF A S

g on this p

nd the pres

at bounde

nd green s

t – wall – 5

SMALL TOWN

part of the

sence of th

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space is the

0%

N‐ BARKUR IN

road is th

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ce. On the

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N COASTAL KA

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ARNATAKA, IN

e of houses

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bec

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posed by g

Dominatin

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Ratio was

Area 18

Percent o

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Ratio was

The above

This analy

The refere

ilt edge and

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PHOLOGICAL S

between bu

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uilt and gre

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ARNATAKA, IN

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Figure 6-17: responsive model of perception derived from visual impact analysis

The roads going north and south are taken upto certain distance but the

interest stops with Hosakeri in the south and the Kathale Basadi junction in the

north as beyond these there is dense vegetation.

The road to the east from Kalchapra is taken with the route well defined by built

form but the turn from Nageshwar temple is taken as the end as the street narrows

down and plots are 1.5m-2m higher than the road level making it very private and

visually inaccessible.

The dominant landmarks identified are the Panchalingeshwara Temple, temple,

Kacchur Water tank, Gopal Krishna temple house, Ratha-beedi road, Kalchapra,

Kalikhamba temple, Veerabadra Temple, Mudukeri road, Manigarkeri

Somnatheshwara temple, Hosakeri Ganapathy temple,


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Figure 6-18diagram of final responsive model of Barkur as derived from visual impact analysis

This final map depicts what the visitor read about Barkur from the physical

features of development.


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6.6.3 Format of space motion diagram analysis:

The space motion Diagram method is to document the experience in totality.

The space motion diagram drawn first roughly includes the physical shape of the

street as seen by the eye, the slopes, culverts, turns, visual links etc. the second is

the percentage of enclosure defined by the built forms or landscape accompanied

by section shown diagrammatically, third is the number of steps it took to notice the

next important visual aspect, fourth diagram is the orientation diagram where the

landmarks, noise level, key features noticed are drawn. Finally the photographs of

sample experience are put along the side. This example of documentation led to

concluding the key features of the street experience as felt by the visitor who is an

architecture student from Austria. Similar studies were done by the Serbian student

and the students from Aurangabad separately.

The roads chosen were which she felt comfortable finding and walking and she

was free to interact with the locals to find her way. No map was provided and no

explanation about the town was given.

In order to find the quality of the physical form space motion diagram was done for

the main streets of Barkur.

The first map is the visual penetration from the road and

quality of turns and slope felt while moving. The edge conditions if strong are also

noted.

The next column shows the definition of space through scale of explicitness.


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Third column is a key section of the street and the number of steps taken to

reach that stage.

Fourth column marks the nodes, , landmarks , edges, , and

noise levels.

Final column shows key photographs demonstrating the notes made.

The following is one section out of 5 done

Kotakeri to school road:

6.6.4 Conclusion from the space motion diagram analysis


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CONCLUSION - KOTEKERI TO SCHOOL RD:

Predominantly agricultural landscape and plantation with very few houses in

between and lack of activity makes the area quiet and monotonous or predictable.

Only wells and culverts by the road stand out as built in the landscape.

One temple newly renovated of BabbuSwamy acts as one of the few landmark in

this stretch.

Towards the end the panchayat, church act as major landmark. Incidentally the

Santhe which is away from the road is not noted as an important landmark as it is

not dominant in its visual elements and is not in use.

Measured length of road: 1017 steps (approx. 75 cm X 1017=76275cm)

Vegetation: 70 %

Noise-level: 2 in Scale of 1 to10 where 1 is quiet and ten is noisy

No of noted (landmarks): 2 @ interval: ~ 500 steps

No of noted (nodes): 8@ interval: ~ 130 steps


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Scale of explicitness:

CONCLUSION - PANCHALINGESHWARA TO KALCHAPRA:

the curving of the road in ‘s’ manner marks a different set of experience where the

temples dominate the view and continuous line of building with commercial activity

make it active and interesting experience. Hence the experience is more elaborate

and marked with variety hence the path seems longer.


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The increase in activity and more defined edge with built form and commercial

activity suggests the center of the town and the two storied buildings on either side

of the road give better enclosure and sense of definition to the road.

Also the change in noise level many auto-rickshaws on the streets and other

activity and traffic noise make it part of main town activity.

Measured length of road: 1091 steps (approx. 75 cmx 1091=81825cm)

Vegetation: 20 %


No of noted(landmarks): 4 @ interval: ~ 270 steps

No of noted (nodes):8 @ interval: ~ 140 steps



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CONCLUSION - COLLEGE TO KALCHAPRA:

The route started at the collage of Barkur. After the collage a lot of vegetation was

next to the route.

Some houses looked like catholic buildings, but there were also a gate that must

lead to a temple. Some colorful houses caught my eye and also an overhead water

tank was next to the route.

The vegetation had some change in level and built a wall next to the street most of

the way.

I also passed by the hospital of Barkur. Furthermore some advertisement next to

the route got my attention.

Finally I passed by an old house with grass on the roof and a wall with a door that


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looked like an entrance to a garden.

Construction work and some traffic were noticed near the college and the hospital

and a bus drove by after the water tower.

Measured length of road: 1302 steps (1302 x 75cm=97650cm)

Vegetation: 50 %


No of noted (landmarks): 7 @interval: ~ 190 steps

No of noted (nodes):5@ interval: ~ 260 steps



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CONCLUSION - HOSAKERI TO KALCHAPRA:

The route started at the main road surrounded by open field. There was only one

house in the middle of the vegetation. On both sides the level changed to a lower

level.

The street was surrounded by vegetation on the way and only some houses

hidden behind trees were there. When I got closer to Kalchapra the situation

changed and long houses with different kind of shops where on one side and a

rickshaw stand at a wall on the other side.

It was very loud because of the traffic and the horns.

Measured length of road: 205 steps(205x75cm= 15375cm)

Vegetation: 60 %



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No of noted (landmarks): 0 intervals: -

No of noted (nodes): 3 intervals: ~ 70 steps


CONCLUSION - CHOWLIKERI TO TURN TO RAILWAY STATION:

The route started at Chowlikeri temple. I saw a gate in front of the building. After

some meters there was another religious building but it was built at a change of

level in higher position.

Some pink and yellow houses caught my eye and a house that was a bit away of

the street hidden by trees.

There was also an entrance to a garden that looked very old to me and finally I


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came to a temple that looked like it is very important and old. It had a column in

front of the entrance and some steps to reach the platform.

The distances between the points seemed very long to me because there was not

much to see except vegetation and a few houses.

The way was very quiet with only a bit of traffic at junctions.

Measured length of road: 918 steps(918X75CM=68850CM)

Vegetation: 50 %

No of noted (landmarks): 3@ interval: ~ 300 steps

No of noted (nodes): 8@ interval: ~ 110 steps



6.6.5 Key characteristics of space motion diagram

The key characteristics of the experiences captured in space motion diagram is

seen that their experience clubbed the vegetation together as one component with

none identified as landmark until and unless treated with some man-made

additions.

The structures of houses and shops were clubbed as one with the enclosure

levels noted as comfortable.


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Too much vegetation was uncomfortable as she was not familiar with what to

do or how to comprehend.

The temples and other ancient structures caught her attention as distinct.

Wells and other water bodies also were found fascinating and were marked as

nodes.

It is seen that they identified the roads as main roads when the enclosure was

more than 30% and most often 50%.

The landmarks in the main part of the town was marked at an interval of 190

steps (190X0.75=142.5m) whereas the other ends of the road the landmark

scattered at a distance of 350 steps (350X0.75=262.5m)

The nodes were found at an interval of 150-200steps (112.5-150m).

The maximum distance walked was that of 500m from the central node which

is the main bus stand. Hence we find here that the experience of the visitor is

guided by the distance from the node.

The amount of enclosure and guided routes, well defined by the structures with

familiar functions and distinct landmark to keep the interest of the town, were found

as comfortable.

The unique features of the town and history would add flavor to the experience.

Lack of defined routes and wild landscape makes a visitor disoriented and

uncomfortable. Also venturing very far off the main landmark is difficult without

guidance.

The space motion diagram analysis shows that a visitor is guided by the traffic

and movement of people in general and the type of built forms along the road.

Hence when the enclosure through built form is between 30-50% it is comfortable

and considered town. A landmark every 300-500 steps makes it comfortable to


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orient oneself. Curves and turns help create variety and is remembered as

separate roads. At the same time too many turns may confuse a person.

The space motion diagram captures the experience in totality hence helps

know what needs to be conserved for the experience and what needs to change.

The spaces are categorized as outskirts when the vegetation is more than 30%.

70% makes the landscape look like the countryside.

The conclusion to this will be as follows

Figure 6-19: Perception of Barkur town in space motion diagram analysis


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Figure 6-20: conclusion of perception of town in inferential mode

6.7 Reading from cognition mapping from three modes: OPERATIVE MODE- Interpretive mode/ Operative mode which is the cognitive

representation of the spatial environment deals with the process of mapping the

spatial cognition, where the spatial cognition of objects is derived from the people.

This is derived from sketch map analysis, verbal description of routes and nodes

and photograph identification. It is noted that spatial cognition develops

ontogenetically from need based to complex diagram of orientation, personal need


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changing and realigning the environment mapping, variables such as sex, ethnic

group also affecting the cognition, studies found overlap in results of verbal,

graphical and behavioral studies of spatial orientation. In this research the

operative model has been derived by analysis of perception of 80 locals which has

cultural bias, social bias, familiarity of town and impact of physical features and

configuration of town.

RESPONSIVE MODE – Responsive mode is to find the environmental stressors

that affect the behavior of people and hence qualify the physical attributes with

respect to experience of form and its interpretation without being familiar with the

town. They can be measured objectively and categorized by way of notation

diagrams, here there is a need for trained people in notation to filter the

environmental features and note its influence in the spatial cognition process

(space –motion diagram). Again objectivity is achieved by standardizing the

aspects to be noted. This is used to distinguish physical aspects and measure its

influence to perception and cognition in a diagram. In this study the analysis was

done by four different students and summarized to avoid individual bias.

INFERENTIAL MODE- Inferential mode is to note the features of the environment

and its influence in the visual understanding of the environment or immediate

reaction. This is also a measure to relate the physical form of elevation to the

cognition of people derived from sketch map analysis. The trained eye is used to

objectively classify the elements of form that influence the assessment of the

environment and hence influence the attitude of people. The parameters selected

are based on the visual features assessed from the road and does not include

experiences within the structures and the activities therein. The elements

identified are the roofline, opening or porosity, material and color, enclosure (width

to height ratio), dominant features, landscape as a treatment.


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The common aspects between the operative mode (by residents), responsive

mode and inferential mode (by first time visitors) are -

• Importance is given to road and accessibility to the main functions of the town. Facilities from the central node (like bust stand) with more than 4 turns in terms of visual axis (depth index in terms of space syntax analysis) are for the residents only.

• If there is visual link to structures from the street, it is comprehended and remembered better than the ones in the interior or hidden by vegetation. Hence in case of visual impact for responsive and inferential perception the depth of building from public space and building space index makes a difference.

• Familiar functions and buildings are identified and remembered for orientation.

• The steep turns and change in physical features of built forms are also part of memory of the town.

• Important landmarks were distinct in terms of their physical features and had open areas around it, marking it special as compared to closely spaced residential and commercial buildings.

The features noted in responsive and inferential mode (by first time visitors)

different from operative mode (done by residents) that influenced perception were

as follows

• The amount of enclosure is distinctly remembered for identification of streets and comfort level while walking.

• The man-made structures defining the enclosure were preferred to natural vegetation. This could also be because the present towns are more defined by built forms than vegetation. Also different areas have different forms of landscape hence difficult to remember and interpret.

• Vegetation is taken as outskirts or beyond the main route hence not used for perception of town character or orientation.

• The requirement of landmarks/ nodes within a distance of 200m was felt by non-residents for orientation which was in form of buildings distinct from the surrounding or a water body or a man-made landscape feature.


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• Bombardment of variety in elevation features and color lead to confusion and lack of definition in terms of character of the town.

• The visitors would like distinct character of old town to be maintained and the modern structures to be subdued to bring distinct character of the town.

The difference in perception in operative mode (residents) due to non-

physical aspects were as follows

• Awareness of history and appreciation from outside agencies make them want to conserve the old structures and physical features.

• Constant use and visual link from the street increases the association value of the structures in the mind of the people.

• Better road and infrastructure and good condition of built forms is found as most important for wellbeing of the town.

• Up gradation of buildings and more modern facilities are found necessary to relate to the town and make it good for the future. They are not concerned with maintaining distinct character in general structures.

• Locals are able to relate to vegetation and water bodies, but do not use them as important nodes or landmarks.

Documents

6 PERCEPTION AND COGNITION ANALYSISshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/47665/15/15...PERCEPTION AND COGNITION ANALYSIS 132 also done well. The least is scored by the category