6. Republic v. de Knecht

8/19/2019 6. Republic v. de Knecht

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/6-republic-v-de-knecht 1/7

G.R. No. 87335. February 12, 1990.*

REPUBLIC OF !E P!ILIPPINE", #e$%$%o&er, '(. CRI"IN) E

+NEC! )N !E COUR OF )PPE)L", re(#o&e&$(.

Po-%$%a- La/ E%&e&$ oa%& B.P. 30 E#ro#r%a$%o& o4 -a&( by $e 6o'er&e&$ ay be u&er$ae& &o$ o&-y by

'o-u&$ary &e6o$%a$%o& /%$ $e -a& o/&er(, bu$ a-(o by

$a%&6 a##ro#r%a$e our$ a$%o& or by -e6%(-a$%o&. B.P. 30

(u#er(ee $e &a- a& eeu$ory e%(%o& o4 $e

"u#ree Cour$ %& e +&e$ '(. Bau$%($a.ere %( &o

:ue($%o& $a$ %& $e e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ a$e O$ober

30, 1980 %& e +&e$ '(. Bau$%($a, G.R. No. L;51078, $%(

Cour$ e- $a$ $e <o%e o4 $e Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa&

($ree$( a( $e -%&e $rou6 /% $e E") (ou- be

e$e&e $o Roa( Bou-e'ar %( arb%$rary a& (ou- &o$ree%'e =u%%a- a##ro'a-. I$ %( ba(e o& $e

reoe&a$%o& o4 $e !ua& "e$$-ee&$( Co%((%o&

$a$ $e o%e o4 Cu&e$a ($ree$ a( $e -%&e o4 $e e$e&(%o&

/%-- %&%%>e $e (o%a- %#a$ 4a$or a( $e bu%-%&6( a&

%#ro'ee&$ $ere%& are o($-y o$e-(. ?%-e %$ %(

$rue $a$ (a% &a- =u6e&$ o4 $%( Cour$ o& $e (ub=e$

beoe( $e -a/ o4 $e a(e be$/ee& $e #ar$%e(, %$ %(

e:ua--y $rue $a$ $e r%6$ o4 $e #e$%$%o&er $o $ae #r%'a$e

#ro#er$%e( 4or #ub-% u(e u#o& $e #aye&$ o4 $e =u($

o#e&(a$%o& %( (o #ro'%e %& $e Co&($%$u$%o& a& our

-a/(. "u e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( ay be u&er$ae&

by $e #e$%$%o&er &o$ o&-y by 'o-u&$ary &e6o$%a$%o& /%$ $e

-a& o/&er( bu$ a-(o by $a%&6 a##ro#r%a$e our$ a$%o& or

by -e6%(-a$%o&. ?e& o& February 17, 1983 $e Ba$a(a&6

Paba&(a #a((e B.P. B-6. 30 e#ro#r%a$%&6 $e 'ery

#ro#er$%e( (ub=e$ o4 $e #re(e&$ #roee%&6(, a& 4or $e

(ae #ur#o(e, %$ a##ear( $a$ %$ /a( ba(e o& (u#er'e&%&6

e'e&$( $a$ ourre a4$er $e e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ /a(

re&ere %& e +&e$ %& 1980 =u($%4y%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o&

$rou6 $e Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa& "$ree$(. e (o%a-

%#a$ 4a$or /% #er(uae $e Cour$ $o o&(%er $%(

e$e&(%o& $o be arb%$rary a %(a##eare. )-- re(%e&$( %&

$e area a'e bee& re-oa$e a& u-y o#e&(a$e.

E%6$y #ere&$ o4 $e E") ou$4a-- a& 30@ o4 $e E")

e$e&(%o& a bee& o#-e$e. O&-y #r%'a$e re(#o&e&$

rea%&( a( $e (o-%$ary ob($a-e $o $%( #ro=e$ $a$ /%--

(o-'e &o$ o&-y $e ra%&a6e a& Aoo o&$ro- #rob-e bu$

a-(o %&%%>e $e $ra bo$$-e&e %& $e area. e

Cour$ &( =u($%a$%o& %& #roee%&6 /%$ $e (a%

e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( $rou6 $e Fer&a&o Re%&;e-

Pa& ($ree$( 4ro E") $o Roa( Bou-e'ar ue $o $ea4ore($a$e (u#er'e&%&6 e'e&$( a4$er $e re&%$%o& o4 $e

e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ %& e +&e$. B.P. B-6. 30 $ere4ore

ee$%'e-y (u#er(ee $e a4ore(a% &a- a& eeu$ory

e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$. )& $e $r%a- our$ o%$$e &o

6ra'e abu(e o4 %(re$%o& %& %(%((%&6 $e a(e #e&%&6

be4ore %$ o& $e 6rou& o4 $e e&a$e&$ o4 B.P. B-6. 30.

Doreo'er, $e (a% e%(%o&, %( &o ob($a-e $o $e -e6%(-a$%'e

ar o4 $e Go'er&e&$ %& $erea4$er o'er $/o year( -a$er

%& $%( a(e a%&6 %$( o/& %&e#e&e&$ a((e((e&$ o4

$e %ru($a&e( $e& #re'a%-%&6 a( $o $e #ro#r%e$y o4 u&er$a%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e( %& :ue($%o&

a& $erea4$er by e&a$%&6 $e orre(#o&%&6 -e6%(-a$%o& a(

%$ % %& $%( a(e. e Cour$ a6ree( %& $e /%(o a&

&ee((%$y o4 e&a$%&6 B.P. B-6. 30. u( $e a&$er%or



e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ u($ y%e- $o $%( (ub(e:ue&$

-e6%(-a$%'e a$.

CRU, H., o&urr%&6

Po-%$%a- La/ E%&e&$ oa%& Cour$( e%(%o&(Le6%(-a$%o&( B.P. 30 %( &o$ a -e6%(-a$%'e re'er(a- o4 $e

ru-%&6 o4 $e "u#ree Cour$ %& e +&e$ '(. Bau$%($a, 100

"CR) JJ0.?%-e $e #o&e&%a %( #-a%& e&ou6, I /%( $o

ae %$ e'e& #-a%&er $a$ B.P. B-6. 30 %( &o$ a -e6%(-a$%'e

re'er(a- o4 our &%&6 %& e +&e$ '. Bau$%($a, 100 "CR)

JJ0, $a$ $e e#ro#r%a$%o& o4 $e #e$%$%o&erK( #ro#er$y /a(

arb%$rary. )( Hu($%e Ga&ayo -ear-y #o%&$( ou$,

(u#er'e&%&6 e'e&$( a'e a&6e $e 4a$ua- ba(%( o4 $a$

e%(%o& $o =u($%4y $e (ub(e:ue&$ e&a$e&$ o4 $e

($a$u$e. I4 /e are (u($a%&%&6 $a$ -e6%(-a$%o&, %$ %( &o$beau(e /e o&ee $a$ $e -a/aer( a& &u--%4y $e

&%&6( o4 $e Cour$ %& $e eer%(e o4 %$( %(re$%o&. I$ %(

(%#-y beau(e /e our(e-'e( a'e 4ou& $a$ u&er $e

a&6e (%$ua$%o&, $e #re(e&$ e#ro#r%a$%o& %( &o -o&6er

arb%$rary. I u($ a $a$ $%( e%(%o& %( &o$ a re'er(a-

e%$er o4 $e or%6%&a- e +&e$ a(e, /% /a( e%e

u&er a %ere&$ (e$ o4 4a$(.

PEIION $o re'%e/ $e e%(%o& a& re(o-u$%o& o4 $e Cour$

o4 )##ea-(.

e 4a$( are ($a$e %& $e o#%&%o& o4 $e Cour$.

%--a&ue'a, a-aaya&, N%e'a, E-e6ao a& )&$e La/

Oe( 4or re(#o&e&$ Cr%($%&a e +&e$.

G)NC)MCO, H.

e %((ue #o(e %& $%( a(e %( /e$er a& e#ro#r%a$%o&

#roee%&6 $a$ /a( e$er%&e by a &a- =u6e&$ o4 $%(

Cour$ ay be $e (ub=e$ o4 a (ub(e:ue&$ -e6%(-a$%o& 4or

e#ro#r%a$%o&.

O& February 20, 1979 $e Re#ub-% o4 $e P%-%##%&e( -e

%& $e Cour$ o4 F%r($ I&($a&e CFI o4 R%>a- %& Pa(ay C%$y

a&e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( a6a%&($ $e o/&er( o4 $e

ou(e( ($a&%&6 a-o&6 Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa& ($ree$(

ao&6 $e Cr%($%&a e +&e$ e +&e$ 4or (or$

$o6e$er /%$ Co&e#%o& Cabarru(, a& (oe 4$ee& o$er

e4e&a&$(, oe$e a( C%'%- Ca(e No. 7001;P.

O& Dar 19, 1979 e +&e$ -e a o$%o& $o %(%((

a--e6%&6 -a o4 =ur%(%$%o&, #e&e&y o4 a##ea- /%$ $e

Pre(%e&$ o4 $e P%-%##%&e(, #rea$ure&e(( o4 o#-a%&$

a& arb%$rary a& erro&eou( 'a-ua$%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e(. O&

Dar 29, 1979 e +&e$ -e a& e #ar$e ur6e&$ o$%o&

4or $e %((ua&e by $e $r%a- our$ o4 a re($ra%&%&6 orer $o

re($ra%& $e Re#ub-% 4ro #roee%&6 /%$ $e $a%&6 o4

%e%a$e #o((e((%o& a& o&$ro- o4 $e #ro#er$y (ou6$ $o

be o&e&e. I& Hu&e, 1979 $e Re#ub-% -e a o$%o&

4or $e %((ua&e o4 a /r%$ o4 #o((e((%o& o4 $e #ro#er$y $o

be e#ro#r%a$e o& $e 6rou& $a$ %$ a ae $e

re:u%re e#o(%$ /%$ $e P%-%##%&e Na$%o&a- Ba& PNB o4 10@ o4 $e aou&$ o4 o#e&(a$%o& ($a$e %& $e

o#-a%&$. I& a& orer a$e Hu&e 1, 1979 $e -o/er our$

%((ue a /r%$ o4 #o((e((%o& au$or%>%&6 $e Re#ub-% $o

e&$er %&$o a& $ae #o((e((%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e( (ou6$ $o



be o&e&e, a& rea$e a Co%$$ee o4 $ree $o

e$er%&e $e =u($ o#e&(a$%o& 4or $e -a&( %&'o-'e %&

$e #roee%&6(.

O& Hu-y 1J, 1979 e +&e$ -e /%$ $%( Cour$ a #e$%$%o&

4or er$%orar% a& #ro%b%$%o& oe$e a( G.R. No. L;51078a& %re$e a6a%&($ $e orer o4 $e -o/er our$ a$e

Hu&e 1, 1979 #ray%&6 $a$ $e re(#o&e&$ be oa&e

$o e(%($ 4ro 4ur$er #roee%&6 %& $e e#ro#r%a$%o&

a$%o& a& 4ro %#-ee&$%&6 (a% orer. O& O$ober 30,

1980 $%( Cour$ re&ere a e%(%o&, $e %(#o(%$%'e #ar$ o4

/% rea( a( 4o--o/(

<?!EREFORE, $e #e$%$%o& 4or er$%orar% a& #ro%b%$%o& %(

ereby 6ra&$e. e orer o4 Hu&e 1, 1979 au$or%>%&6 $e

Re#ub-% o4 $e P%-%##%&e( $o $ae or e&$er u#o& $e

#o((e((%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e( (ou6$ $o be o&e&e %( (e$

a(%e a& $e re(#o&e&$ Hu6e %( #era&e&$-y e&=o%&e

4ro $a%&6 a&y 4ur$er a$%o& o& C%'%- Ca(e No. 7001;P,

e&$%$-e Re#ub-% o4 $e P%-%##%&e( '(. Co&e#%o&

Cabarru( a. e "a&$o(, e$ a-.K ee#$ $o %(%(( (a%

a(e.1

O& )u6u($ 8, 1981 e4e&a&$( Dar%a e- Care& Roa(

a. e E-%>a-e, Fra&%(o E-%>a-e a& )&$o&%o Roa(

o'e $o %(%(( $e e#ro#r%a$%o& a$%o& %& o#-%a&e

/%$ $e %(#o(%$%'e #or$%o& o4 $e a4ore(a% e%(%o& o4 $%(Cour$ /% a beoe &a- a& %& orer $o a'o% 4ur$er

aa6e $o (ae e4e&a&$( /o /ere e&%e #o((e((%o&

o4 $e%r #ro#er$%e(. e Re#ub-% -e a a&%4e($a$%o& o&

"e#$eber 7, 1981 ($a$%&6, ao&6 o$er(, $a$ %$ a &o

ob=e$%o& $o $e (a% o$%o& $o %(%(( a( %$ /a( %&

aora&e /%$ $e a4ore($a$e e%(%o&.

O& "e#$eber 2, 1983, $e Re#ub-% -e a o$%o& $o

%(%(( (a% a(e ue $o $e e&a$e&$ o4 $e Ba$a(

Paba&(a B-6. 30 e#ro#r%a$%&6 $e (ae #ro#er$%e( a&4or $e (ae #ur#o(e. e -o/er our$ %& a& orer o4

"e#$eber 2, 1983 %(%((e $e a(e by rea(o& o4 $e

e&a$e&$ o4 $e (a% -a/. e o$%o& 4or reo&(%era$%o&

$ereo4 /a( e&%e %& $e orer o4 $e -o/er our$ a$e

eeber 18, 198J.

e +&e$ a##ea-e 4ro (a% orer $o $e Cour$ o4 )##ea-(

/ere%& %& ue our(e a e%(%o& /a( re&ere o&

eeber 28, 1988,2 $e %(#o(%$%'e #ar$ o4 /% rea( a(

4o--o/(

<PREDI"E" CON"IERE, $e orer a##ea-e 4ro %(

ereby "E )"IE. )( #raye 4or %& $e a##e--a&$K( br%e4

a&o$er Orer %( ereby %((ue %(%((%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o&

#roee%&6( C%'%- Ca(e No. 51078 be4ore $e -o/er our$

o& $e 6rou& $a$ $e o%e o4 Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa&

"$ree$( a( $e -%&e $rou6 /% $e E#%4a&%o e -o( "a&$o(

)'e&ue (ou- be e$e&e %( arb%$rary a& (ou- &o$

ree%'e =u%%a- a##ro'a-.

No #ro&ou&ee&$ a( $o o($(.3

!e&e $e Re#ub-% -e $a$ ere%& #e$%$%o& 4or re'%e/ o4

$e a4ore($a$e e%(%o& /ereby $e 4o--o/%&6 %((ue( /ere

ra%(e



<I

?!E!ER OR NO !E EN)CDEN OF B))" P)DB)N")

BLG. 30 I" !E PROPER GROUN FOR !E I"DI"")L OF

!E EPROPRI)ION C)"E. PROPERLM PU, ?!E!ER OR

NO !E LO?ER COUR CODDIE GR)E )BU"E OFI"CREION IN I"DI""ING CIIL C)"E NO. 7001;P UPON

HUICI)L NOICE OF B.P. BLG. 30.

II

?!E!ER OR NO !E P?!K" <C!OICE OF L)N O BE

EPROPRI)E I" "ILL )N I""UE UNER !E

CIRCUD")NCE", ")I <C!OICE !)ING BEEN

"UPPL)NE BM !E LEGI"L)UREK" C!OICE.

III

?!E!ER OR NO !E L)? OF !E C)"E !EORM "!OUL

BE )PPLIE O !E C)"E ) B)R.

e #e$%$%o& %( %#re((e /%$ er%$. ere %( &o :ue($%o&

$a$ a( ear-y a( 1977, #ur(ua&$ $o $e Re'%(e

)%&%($ra$%'e Coe, $e &a$%o&a- 6o'er&e&$, $rou6 $e

e#ar$e&$ o4 Pub-% ?or( a& !%6/ay( be6a& /or o&

/a$ /a( $o be $e /e($/ar e$e&(%o& o4 E#%4a&%o e -o(

"a&$o( )'e&ue E") ou$4a-- or ou$-e$ o4 $e Da&%-a a&

(uburb( Aoo o&$ro- a& ra%&a6e #ro=e$ a& $e E($ero r%#a e Ga--%&a. e(e #ro=e$( /ere a%e a$ 1 ea(%&6

$ra o&6e($%o& %& $e Ba-ara& a& ou$-y%&6 area( 2

o&$ro--%&6 Aoo by $e o&($ru$%o& o4 $e ou$-e$ 4or $e

E($ero r%#a e Ga--%&a /% ra%&( $e area o4 Dar%%&a,

Pa(ay, Da&%-a a& ParaQa:ue a& 3 $u( o#-e$%&6 $e

Da&%-a F-oo a& Co&$ro- a& ra%&a6e Pro=e$.

"o $e #e$%$%o&er a:u%re $e &eee #ro#er$%e( $rou6

&e6o$%a$e #ura(e ($ar$%&6 /%$ $e -a&( 4ro a4$

)'e&ue u# $o Roa( Bou-e'ar %&-u%&6 $e -a&( %&Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa& ($ree$(. I$ a:u%re $rou6

&e6o$%a$e #ura(e( abou$ 80 $o 85 #ere&$ o4 $e -a&(

%&'o-'e %& $e #ro=e$ /o(e o/&er( % &o$ ra%(e a&y

ob=e$%o& a( $o arb%$rar%&e(( o& $e o%e o4 $e #ro=e$

a& o4 $e rou$e. I$ %( o&-y /%$ re(#e$ $o $e rea%&%&6 10

$o 15 #ere&$ a-o&6 $e rou$e $a$ $e #e$%$%o&er a&&o$

&e6o$%a$e $rou6 a (a-e( a6reee&$ /%$ a 4e/ -a&

o/&er(, %&-u%&6 e +&e$ /o(e o-%&6 %( ar-y 5@ o4

$e /o-e rou$e area. u(, a( abo'e re-a$e o& February

20, 1979 $e #e$%$%o&er -e $e e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6(%& $e Cour$ o4 F%r($ I&($a&e.

ere %( &o :ue($%o& $a$ %& $e e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ a$e

O$ober 30, 1980 %& e +&e$ '(. Bau$%($a, G.R. No. L;

51078, $%( Cour$ e- $a$ $e <o%e o4 $e Fer&a&o

Re%&;e- Pa& ($ree$( a( $e -%&e $rou6 /% $e E")

(ou- be e$e&e $o Roa( Bou-e'ar %( arb%$rary a&

(ou- &o$ ree%'e =u%%a- a##ro'a-.5 I$ %( ba(e o& $e

reoe&a$%o& o4 $e !ua& "e$$-ee&$( Co%((%o&

$a$ $e o%e o4 Cu&e$a ($ree$ a( $e -%&e o4 $e e$e&(%o&

/%-- %&%%>e $e (o%a- %#a$ 4a$or a( $e bu%-%&6( a&

%#ro'ee&$ $ere%& are o($-y o$e-(.J

I& '%e/ o4 $e (a% &%&6, $%( Cour$ (e$ a(%e $e orer o4

$e $r%a- our$ a$e Hu&e 1, 1979 au$or%>%&6 $e Re#ub-%



o4 $e P%-%##%&e( $o $ae #o((e((%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e(

(ou6$ $o be o&e&e a& e&=o%&e $e re(#o&e&$

=u6e 4ro $a%&6 a&y 4ur$er a$%o& %& $e a(e ee#$ $o

%(%(( $e (ae.

"a% e%(%o& a'%&6 beoe &a- &o a$%o& /a( $ae& by$e -o/er our$ o& $e (a% %re$%'e o4 $%( Cour$ $o %(%((

$e a(e. "ub(e:ue&$-y B.P. B-6. 30 /a( e&a$e by $e

Ba$a(a&6 Paba&(a o& February 17, 1983. O& $e ba(%( o4

(a% -a/ #e$%$%o&er -e a o$%o& $o %(%(( $e a(e be4ore

$e $r%a- our$ a& $%( /a( 6ra&$e.

O& a##ea- by e +&e$ $o $e Cour$ o4 )##ea-( $e

a##e--a$e our$ e- $a$ $e e%(%o& o4 $e "u#ree Cour$

a'%&6 beoe &a-, $e #e$%$%o&erK( r%6$ a( e$er%&e

$ere%& (ou- &o -o&6er be %($urbe a& $a$ $e (ae

a( beoe $e -a/ o4 $e a(e be$/ee& $e #ar$%e(

%&'o-'e. u(, $e a##e--a$e our$ (e$ a(%e $e

:ue($%o&e orer o4 $e $r%a- our$ a& %((ue a&o$er orer

%(%((%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( be4ore $e -o/er

our$ #ur(ua&$ $o $e ru-%&6 %& e +&e$ a(e.

?%-e %$ %( $rue $a$ (a% &a- =u6e&$ o4 $%( Cour$ o& $e

(ub=e$ beoe( $e -a/ o4 $e a(e be$/ee& $e #ar$%e(, %$

%( e:ua--y $rue $a$ $e r%6$ o4 $e #e$%$%o&er $o $ae

#r%'a$e #ro#er$%e( 4or #ub-% u(e u#o& $e #aye&$ o4 $e

=u($ o#e&(a$%o& %( (o #ro'%e %& $e Co&($%$u$%o& a&our -a/(.7 "u e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( ay be

u&er$ae& by $e #e$%$%o&er &o$ o&-y by 'o-u&$ary

&e6o$%a$%o& /%$ $e -a& o/&er( bu$ a-(o by $a%&6

a##ro#r%a$e our$ a$%o& or by -e6%(-a$%o&.

?e& o& February 17, 1983 $e Ba$a(a&6 Paba&(a

#a((e B.P. B-6. 30 e#ro#r%a$%&6 $e 'ery #ro#er$%e(

(ub=e$ o4 $e #re(e&$ #roee%&6(, a& 4or $e (ae

#ur#o(e, %$ a##ear( $a$ %$ /a( ba(e o& (u#er'e&%&6

e'e&$( $a$ ourre a4$er $e e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ /a(

re&ere %& e +&e$ %& 1980 =u($%4y%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o&$rou6 $e Fer&a&o Re%&;e- Pa& "$ree$(. e (o%a-

%#a$ 4a$or /% #er(uae $e Cour$ $o o&(%er $%(

e$e&(%o& $o be arb%$rary a %(a##eare. )-- re(%e&$( %&

$e area a'e bee& re-oa$e a& u-y o#e&(a$e.

E%6$y #ere&$ o4 $e E") ou$4a-- a& 30@ o4 $e E")

e$e&(%o& a bee& o#-e$e. O&-y #r%'a$e re(#o&e&$

rea%&( a( $e (o-%$ary ob($a-e $o $%( #ro=e$ $a$ /%--

(o-'e &o$ o&-y $e ra%&a6e a& Aoo o&$ro- #rob-e bu$

a-(o %&%%>e $e $ra bo$$-e&e %& $e area.

e "o-%%$or Ge&era- (uar%>%&6 $e (%$ua$%o& (a%

< e o&($ru$%o& a& o#-e$%o& o4 $e De$ro Da&%-a

F-oo Co&$ro- a& ra%&a6e Pro=e$ a& $e E") e$e&(%o&

are e((e&$%a- $o a--e'%a$e $e /or(e&%&6 $ra #rob-e %&

$e Ba-ara& a& Pa(ay C%$y area( a& $e #ere&&%a- Aoo

#rob-e(. Hu%%a- &o$%e ay be $ae& $a$ $e(e #rob-e(

bee'%- -%4e a& #ro#er$y &o$ o&-y %& $e area( %re$-y

ae$e bu$ a-(o %& area( u beyo&. Ba$a( Paba&(a

B-6. 30 /a( e&a$e $o a($e& e Pro=e$K a& $u( (o-'e

$e(e #rob-e(, a& %$( %#-ee&$a$%o& a( re(u-$e (o 4ar

%& a& 80@ o#-e$%o& o4 $e E") ou$4a-- a& a 30@

o#-e$%o& o4 $e E") e$e&(%o&, a-- #ar$ o4 e Pro=e$K.



%( %&($a&$ a(e ($a&( %& $e /ay o4 $e &a- (o-u$%o& o4

$e abo'e;e&$%o&e #rob-e(, (o-e-y beau(e $e (%&6-e

#%ee o4 #ro#er$y ou#%eK by e +&e$, a-$ou6

a-reay e#ro#r%a$e u&er B.P. B-6. 30, %( $e o&-y #are-

o4 -a& /ere Go'er&e&$ e&6%&eer( ou- &o$ e&$er ue

$o $e areK re(%($a&e oere by e +&e$, 6uarea& (urrou&e a( $e -o$ %( #ere&&%a--y by e +&e$K(

ere #r%'a$e (eur%$y 6uar(. I$ ay $u( be (a% $a$ e

+&e$, /%$ou$ a&y ore -e6a- %&$ere($ %& $e -a&,

(%&6-ea&e-y ($a&( %& $e /ay o4 $e o#-e$%o& o4 e

Pro=e$K e((e&$%a- $o $e #ro6re(( o4 De$ro Da&%-a a&

(urrou&%&6 area(. ?%$ou$ $e #ro#er$y (e #er(%($( %&

ou#y%&6 a& /%$ou$ a&y b-oo-e$$%&6, $e E") ou$4a--

o&($ru$%o& o& bo$ (%e( o4 $e (a% #ro#er$y a&&o$ be

=o%&e $o6e$er, a& $e Aoo /a$er( o4 Pa(ay, ParaQa:ue

a& Dar%%&a/% Ao/ $rou6 $e E($ero r%#a eGa--%&a /%-- o&$%&ue $o a'e &o /ay or ou$-e$ $a$ ou-

ra%& %&$o Da&%-a Bay. ?%$ou$ (a% #ro#er$y, $e E")

e$e&(%o&, a-reay 30@ o#-e$e, a& %& &o /ay be

&%(e, a& $ra /%-- o&$%&ue $o -o6 a& =a $e

%&$er(e$%o&( o4 E") a& a4$ )'e&ue %& Ba-ara& a& #%-e

u# a-o&6 $e a%r#or$ roa(.

I& (u, e'e& %& $e 4ae o4 BP 30, e +&e$ o-( $e

Le6%(-a$%'e (o'ere%6& /%-- a& o%e %&u$%-e.K9

e Cour$ &( =u($%a$%o& %& #roee%&6 /%$ $e (a%

e#ro#r%a$%o& #roee%&6( $rou6 $e Fer&a&o Re%&;e-

Pa& ($ree$( 4ro E") $o Roa( Bou-e'ar ue $o $e

a4ore($a$e (u#er'e&%&6 e'e&$( a4$er $e re&%$%o& o4 $e

e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ %& e +&e$.

B.P. B-6. 30 $ere4ore ee$%'e-y (u#er(ee $e a4ore(a%

&a- a& eeu$ory e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$. )& $e $r%a-

our$ o%$$e &o 6ra'e abu(e o4 %(re$%o& %& %(%((%&6

$e a(e #e&%&6 be4ore %$ o& $e 6rou& o4 $e e&a$e&$

o4 B.P. B-6. 30.

Doreo'er, $e (a% e%(%o&, %( &o ob($a-e $o $e -e6%(-a$%'e

ar o4 $e Go'er&e&$ %& $erea4$er o'er $/o year( -a$er

%& $%( a(e a%&6 %$( o/& %&e#e&e&$ a((e((e&$ o4

$e %ru($a&e( $e& #re'a%-%&6 a( $o $e #ro#r%e$y o4

u&er$a%&6 $e e#ro#r%a$%o& o4 $e #ro#er$%e( %& :ue($%o&

a& $erea4$er by e&a$%&6 $e orre(#o&%&6 -e6%(-a$%o& a(

%$ % %& $%( a(e. e Cour$ a6ree( %& $e /%(o a&

&ee((%$y o4 e&a$%&6 B.P. B-6. 30. u( $e a&$er%or

e%(%o& o4 $%( Cour$ u($ y%e- $o $%( (ub(e:ue&$

-e6%(-a$%'e a$.

?!EREFORE, $e #e$%$%o& %( ereby GR)NE a& $e

:ue($%o&e e%(%o& o4 $e Cour$ o4 )##ea-( a$e

eeber 28, 1988 a& %$( re(o-u$%o& a$e Dar 9, 1989

are ereby REER"E a& "E )"IE a& $e orer o4

Bra& III o4 $e $e& Cour$ o4 F%r($ I&($a&e o4 R%>a- %&

Pa(ay C%$y %& C%'%- Ca(e No. 7001;P a$e "e#$eber 2,

1983 %( ereby re%&($a$e /%$ou$ #ro&ou&ee&$ a( $o

o($(.

"O ORERE.

Nar'a(a, Gr%Qo;):u%&o a& De%a-ea, HH., o&ur.

Cru>, H., (ee o&urre&e.



CRU, H., o&urr%&6

?%-e $e #o&e&%a %( #-a%& e&ou6, I /%( $o ae %$ e'e&

#-a%&er $a$ B.P. B-6. 30 %( &o$ a -e6%(-a$%'e re'er(a- o4 our

&%&6 %& e +&e$ '. Bau$%($a, 100 "CR) JJ0, $a$ $e

e#ro#r%a$%o& o4 $e #e$%$%o&erK( #ro#er$y /a( arb%$rary. )( Hu($%e Ga&ayo -ear-y #o%&$( ou$, (u#er'e&%&6 e'e&$(

a'e a&6e $e 4a$ua- ba(%( o4 $a$ e%(%o& $o =u($%4y

$e (ub(e:ue&$ e&a$e&$ o4 $e ($a$u$e. I4 /e are

(u($a%&%&6 $a$ -e6%(-a$%o&, %$ %( &o$ beau(e /e o&ee

$a$ $e -a/aer( a& &u--%4y $e &%&6( o4 $e Cour$ %&

$e eer%(e o4 %$( %(re$%o&. I$ %( (%#-y beau(e /e

our(e-'e( a'e 4ou& $a$ u&er $e a&6e (%$ua$%o&, $e

#re(e&$ e#ro#r%a$%o& %( &o -o&6er arb%$rary.

I u($ a $a$ $%( e%(%o& %( &o$ a re'er(a- e%$er o4 $e

or%6%&a- e +&e$ a(e, /% /a( e%e u&er a

%ere&$ (e$ o4 4a$(.

Pe$%$%o& 6ra&$e. e%(%o& a& re(o-u$%o& re'er(e a& (e$

a(%e.

No$e.I&$ere($ %( ue u#o& $aeo'er o4 e#ro#r%a$e -a&

by Go'er&e&$. Be&6ue$ Co&(o-%a$e, I&. '(. Re#ub-%,

13 "CR) JJ. Re#ub-% '(. e +&e$, 182 "CR)

121990S

Documents

6. Republic v. de Knecht