6th Regional Coordination MeetingAmman – Jordan, 11-13/11/ 2014

Water Management Strategies and Impacts on Livelihoods in

(Abyan Delta - Yemen)By:

Dr. Khader Balem Atroosh, WLI Focal Point, YemenDr. Samir Abdulrahman Mohamed, Socio-Economic Researcher

Eng. Ahmed Hassan Salem Biophysical Researcher

WLI Goal and Intended Outputs

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Overall Goal: to improve the livelihoods of rural households and communities in areas where water scarcity, land degradation, and associated problems are prevalent.

Intended Outputs: 1. Integrated water and land-use strategies for policy-making, tools for sustainable

benchmark management and organizational mechanisms for community inclusion at the benchmark site.

2. Enhanced knowledge, skills and qualifications for key stakeholders in the benchmark sites.

3. Improved rural livelihoods of farmers in the benchmark sites through the adoption of sustainable land and water management practices and livelihood strategies.

National Policy Objectives in (Yemen): 1. National agriculture sector strategy 2012-2016: To sustainable agricultural

development .2. National water sector strategy and investment program, 2012-2016 (NWSSIP), water

use efficiency.3. National irrigation program, water productivity, more crop per drop.

(Abyan Delta, Yemen)

Benchmar

Target population 20495 households 134568 (census 2004) total inhabitants 51.3 % adult male , 48.7 % adult female

FTF Indicator: Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance: (11 ha)

Benchmark site (53,600ha)latitudes 13o 04’ to 13o 18’ N, and longitudes 45o 08’ to 45o 30’ E.

Upscaling area (xxha)

Agroecosystem (53,600 ha)

Pilot area(s) for data collection(6 ha)

WLI, Yemen, Annual FTF Indicator for 2014Indicator/Disaggregation    

  Yemen

  2014 Target Actual Technology type

Crop and /or animal genetics 1 3 Irrigation 6 4Total w/one or more improved technology 7 7New 2 5Continuing 5 2Sex of landowners Male 8 8

4.5.2(5): Number of farmers and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance    

New 5Continuing 8 6

Sex Male 7 11Female 14.5.2(11): Number of food security private enterprises (for profit),

producers organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations

(CBOs) receiving USG assistance

   

Type of organization Producers organizations 1Women's groups 1 2New 2 2

4.5.2(39): Number of new technologies or management practices in one of the following phases of development: (Phase I/II/III)    

Phase 3: Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance 6 2

Technology Transfer of Supplementary Irrigation Technique for Spate Irrigated Sesame in the Abyan Delta of Yemen

Objective: increase crop production and water productivity as well asimprove the income

Material and Methods:

1. Four fields cultivated by spate irrigated sesame were selected.

2. Each field was divided into two parts, one to add supplemental irrigation and the other by using Farm practices (without supplementary irrigation).

3. One irrigation by spate water was added before planting and 100 mm supplemental irrigation by well water was added at the beginning of flowering stage with addition 60kg/ ha of fertilizer urea (46% N).

4. For estimation the moisture content and bulk density, soil samples were taken before irrigation and after 24-hour of irrigation and at the harvest from the depths of 140 cm.

5. The soil water content was followed every months of the season.

6. Gross margin were calculated by using balance equation.

Eng. Ahmed Hassan Salem Eng. Ali Ahmed YehyaEng. Ryad Ahmed Mohamed Tech. Anwar Mabrook

Progress report

Results and Discussion:

Date of spate irrigation, sowing and supplementary irrigation in selected fields

No Farmer's name Date of spate irrigation

Date of sowing

Date ofsupplementary

irrigation

1 Rashad Fadhle A. 4/8/2014 21/8/2014 27/9/2014

2 Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi 3/8/2014 17/8/2014 20/9/2014

3 Sheikh Nasr Alabsi 3/8/2014 7/9/2014 12/10/2014

4 Nabeel Tobeek 6/9/2014 21/9/2014 23/10/2014

Length of Sesame plants ( cm ) after two months

Farmer's name Technique Control

Rashad Fadhle A. 183.35 153.05

Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi 198.40 167.55

Average 190.87 160.30

Farmer's name

Soil moisture content before

application

Soil moisture content after application

Amount of stored water

% mm % mm mmRashad Fadhle A. 13.5 253 20.0 376 123

Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi 12.5 249 17.5 348 99Sheikh Nasr Alabsi 14.0 278 18.8 413 135

13.3 260 18.8 379 119

Amount of stored water before and after application of supplementary irrigation

Some Pictures of soil moisture content following up

Objective: To provide alternative fodders complies with water scarcity and characterized with less water consumption

Material and Methods: 1. three sites were selected in Abyan Delta, a) farm of Hussein Albehani b) farm

of Mohamed Alshadadi c) farm of Shahab Almashhor. 2. The first two farms were planted in 10 and 11/04/2013, while the third in

29.03.2014.3. Seedlings was quoted from national Livestock Research Center.4. The planting space was 50 x 50 cm.5. 5 irrigations were added during the first cutting and 2 irrigations were added

during the remaining cuttings, the irrigation interval was 18-20 days. 6. Data collection on seedling rate stability, growth, plant height, average length

of spike and productivity of fodder per square meter were recorded.

Eng. Abdullah Qassem Magram

Eng. Sina Mahfood Ali

Introduction and Dissemination of Lipid Forage Cultivation (Cenchrus ciliaris) Irrigated by Well Water to the Marginal Land in the Abyan Delta

Water Productivity of Lipid at Hussein Mubarak Albehani Farm

No.Date of Harvest

Number of irrigation

Amount of Irrigation Water

Yield, Ton/ha

WUE, kg/m3

Forage

1 12/6/2013 5 300 29 9.72 13/07/2013 2 120 31.12 25.9

3 15/08/2013 2 124 32.85 26.5

4 14/09/2013 2 126 32.42 25.7

5 15/10/2013 2 130 24.4 18.8

6 13/11/2013 2 125 28.3 22.67 13/12/2013 2 125 28.7 23.08 15/01/2014 2 120 29 24.29 16/02/2014 2 124 29.2 23.5

10 15/03/2014 2 123 30.2 24.611 18/4/2014 2 125 26.24 21.012 15/5/2014 2 126 27.3 21.713 17/6/2014 2 124 28.4 22.9

29 1792 377.13 22.3

Results and Discussion:

Water Productivity of Lipid at Mohamed Alshadadi Farm

No. Date of Harvest

Number of irrigation

Amount of Irrigation Water

Yield, Ton/ha

WUE, Kg/m3

Forage

1 12/6/2013 5 350 24.3 6.92 13/07/2013 2 152 27.43 183 15/08/2013 2 150 28.31 18.94 14/09/2013 2 152 29.29 19.35 15/10/2013 2 145 29 206 13/11/2013 2 146 26.5 18.27 13/12/2013 2 142 27.3 19.28 15/01/2014 2 152 30.2 19.99 16/02/2014 2 150 29.4 19.6

10 15/03/2014 2 148 28.7 19.411 18/4/2014 2 145 28.2 19.412 15/5/2014 2 150 27.3 18.213 17/6/2014 2 148 28.4 19.2

29 2130 364.33 18.2

Some pictures of introduced lipid

13

Assessment of gross margin of cultivated

crops in the Abyan Delta.

Samir Abdullrahman MohamedKhader Balam Atroosh

Assessment of the Adoption of Irrigation

Techniques for main crops in Abyan Delta.

Socio-Economic activities

14

1. Assessment of gross margin of cultivated

crops in the Abyan Delta.

Objectives of the study

Determine the economic profitability of agricultural

production in the Abyan Delta through gross margin

calculation of the prevailing crops.

Analysis of the economic return for different crops

under prevalent irrigation systems (spate and wells),

and calculate the productivity of irrigation water in

both systems.

A representative sample consisting of 30 cultivated fields

was selected (up-, mid- and downstream).

fields are cultivated with vegetables (tomato and onion)

Agricultural operations of crops were registered and

applied amounts of production factors.

Data collection by using written questionnaires.

calculation of the gross margin (output – variable costs)

Methodology

Results and discussion

Description Unit Onion Tomato Sorghum (fodder)

Sorghum (grain)

Ground-nut Sesame Maize

(fodder)

Yield (main) kg/ha 11640.0 9256.0 4178.7 553.3 1732.7 601.0 3353.0Yield (secondary) kg/ha - - - 1468.3 - - -

Output revenues US $/ha 5801.6 10188.3 1166.1 1289.7 1773.0 1257.9 779.8Variable Cost:Machinery US $/ha 220.9 266.2 172.8 176.1 191.0 151.2 63.0Martial Cost US $/ha 397.2 687.4 44.8 33.5 104.2 17.2 61.1Labour Cost US $/ha 2643.3 3197.8 342.5 369.3 323.9 417.2 286.7Water Irrigation Cost US $/ha 695.9 988.9 211.6 246.1 217.5 238.3 152.7

Total variables Cost US $/ha 3957.2 5140.3 771.7 824.9 836.6 823.9 563.5

Gross Margin US $/ha 1844.4 5048.0 394.5 464.8 936.4 434.0 216.3

Irrigation Water m3/ha 10200.0 15574.3 3795.7 4124.3 3620.3 4465.3 3706.7

Water Productivity US $/m3 0.249 0.393 0.160 0.172 0.313 0.151 0.100

Recommendations

• Strengthen the role of agricultural extension, particularly water extension.

• Extensive campaigns of awareness of the agricultural community.

• Support of development organizations such as USAID and the World Bank,

are very important tools for an effective instrument to implementation of

saving water technologies.

• Strict application of the research recommendations related to water

requirements to increase water productivity .

1. Assessment of the Adoption of Irrigation

Techniques for main crops in Abyan DeltaProgress report

The main objective

to identify the indicators for adoption of irrigation

technology for the most important crops under well

irrigation system in Delta Abyan.

The following technologies have been selected:

Water requirements for the banana 1700-2000 mm.

Water requirements for long staple cotton 600 mm

Water requirements of sesame 450 mm

Water requirements of groundnut 450-600 mm

Irrigation rates and due time of supply of maize 450 mm

Supplemental irrigation of sesame 100 mm

Martial and methods

A Sample of farmers consisted of 50 farmers for each crop was

selected in the Abyan Delta.

Data for this study were collected by the preparing of a special

questionnaire served the objectives .

The questionnaire consists of two parts (a)personal data (age,

education level, land tenure, income ....etc.) and (b) measurement

of the farmers trends towards the adoption of technology.

The study depended on descriptive and quantitative analysis

For measuring adoption was used the following indicators:

1) Rate of adoption

2) Degree of adoption

3) Intensity of adoption

Results and discussion(The technology of water requirement for banana)

Adoption's indicators of water requirement for banana in Abyan Delta

No. Indicator Value

1 Rate of Adoption 34%

2 Degree of Adoption 60%

3 Intensity of Adoption 20%

Predicted Adoption level for the technology of water requirement for bananaPredicted years to peak adoption 20.4

Predicted peak level of adoption 91%

Year innovation first adopted or expected to be adopted 2006

Year innovation adoption level measured 2014

Adoption level in that year 34%

Predicted adoption level in 5 years from start 23.6%

Predicted adoption level in 10 years from start 71.5%

Adoption and diffusion outcome prediction of Water requirementfor Banana in Abyan Delta

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Ad

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Time (years)

Adoption Level S-Curve

The main Difficulties

1. Use of ADOPT program for the first time in the evaluation and

adoption of technologies and not enough experience of the

team about it had a difficulty in data interpretation in

particular with regard to sensitivity analysis.

2. lack of supply of diesel, was the reason for not irrigating crops

regularly, as a result of stopped running of well pumps.

Thank You for your attention