60667775 Trasmision Automatic a Buick Oldmobile 4T65E

4T65-EH

YD

RA

-MA

TIC CONTENTSINTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3HOW TO USE THIS BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

UNDERSTANDING THE GRAPHICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

TRANSMISSION CUTAWAY VIEW (FOLDOUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A

MAJOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTS (FOLDOUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

RANGE REFERENCE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

TORQUE CONVERTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

APPLY COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

PLANETARY GEAR SETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

HYDRAULIC CONTROL COMPONENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

POWER FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

COMPLETE HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

LUBRICATION POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

THRUST WASHER LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

BUSHING LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

BEARING LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

LIP SEAL LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

SQUARE AND O-RING SEAL LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

GASKET LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

BASIC SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

PRODUCT DESIGNATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

2

PREFACE

All information contained in this book is based on the latest data availableat the time of publication approval. The right is reserved to make productor publication changes, at any time, without notice.

No part of any GM Powertrain publication may be reproduced, storedin any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofPowertrain Group of General Motors Corporation. This includes alltext, illustrations, tables and charts.

COPYRIGHT 1997 POWERTRAIN GROUPGeneral Motors Corporation

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

The Hydra-matic 4T65-E Technicians Guide is intended for automotivetechnicians that are familiar with the operation of an automatic transaxle ortransmission. Technicians or other persons not having automatic transaxleor transmission know-how may find this publication somewhat technicallycomplex if additional instruction is not provided. Since the intent of thisbook is to explain the fundamental mechanical, hydraulic and electricaloperating principles, technical terms used herein are specific to thetransmission industry. However, words commonly associated with thespecific transaxle or transmission function have been defined in a Glossaryrather than within the text of this book.

The Hydra-matic 4T65-E Technicians Guide is also intended to assisttechnicians during the service, diagnosis and repair of this transaxle.However, this book is not intended to be a substitute for other GeneralMotors service publications that are normally used on the job. Since thereis a wide range of repair procedures and technical specifications specific tocertain vehicles and transaxle models, the proper service publication mustbe referred to when servicing the Hydra-matic 4T65-E transaxle.

1

The Hydra-matic 4T65-E Technicians Guide isanother Powertrain publication from the TechniciansGuide series of books. The purpose of thispublication, as is the case with other TechniciansGuides, is to provide complete information on thetheoretical operating characteristics of this transaxle.Operational theories of the mechanical, hydraulicand electrical components are presented in asequential and functional order to better explain theiroperation as part of the system.

In the first section of this book entitled Principlesof Operation, exacting explanations of the majorcomponents and their functions are presented. Inevery situation possible, text describes componentoperation during the apply and release cycle as wellas situations where it has no effect at all. Thedescriptive text is then supported by numerousgraphic illustrations to further emphasize theoperational theories presented.

The second major section entitled Power Flow,blends the information presented in the Principlesof Operation section into the complete transaxleassembly. The transfer of torque from the enginethrough the transaxle is graphically displayed on afull page while a narrative description is provided ona facing half page. The opposite side of the halfpage contains the narrative description of the

hydraulic fluid as it applies components or shiftsvalves in the system. Facing this partial page is ahydraulic schematic that shows the position of valves,checkballs, etc., as they function in a specific gearrange.

The third major section of this book displays theComplete Hydraulic Circuit for specific gearranges. Fold-out pages containing fluid flowschematics and two dimensional illustrations of majorcomponents graphically display hydraulic circuits.This information is extremely useful when tracingfluid circuits for learning or diagnosis purposes.

The Appendix section of this book providesadditional transaxle information regarding lubricationcircuits, seal locations, illustrated parts lists and more.Although this information is available in currentmodel year Service Manuals, its inclusion providesfor a quick reference guide that is useful to thetechnician.

Production of the Hydra-matic 4T65-E TechniciansGuide was made possible through the combinedefforts of many staff areas within the General MotorsPowertrain Division. As a result, the Hydra-matic4T65-E Technicians Guide was written to providethe user with the most current, concise and usableinformation available regarding this product.

3

INTRODUCTION

specific fluid circuits that enable the mechanicalcomponents to operate. The mechanical powerflow is graphically displayed on a full size pageand is followed by a half page of descriptive text.The opposite side of the half page contains thenarrative description of the hydraulic fluid as itapplies components or moves valves in the system.Facing this partial page is a hydraulic schematicwhich shows the position of valves, checkballs,etc., as they function in a specific gear range.Also, located at the bottom of each half page is areference to the Complete Hydraulic Circuitsection that follows.

The Complete Hydraulic Circuits section(beginning on page 81) details the entire hydraulicsystem. This is accomplished by using a fold-outcircuit schematic with a facing page twodimensional fold-out drawing of each component.The circuit schematics and component drawingsdisplay only the fluid passages for that specificoperating range.

Finally, the Appendix section contains a schematicof the lubrication flow through the transaxle,disassembled view parts lists and transaxlespecifications. This information has been includedto provide the user with convenient referenceinformation published in the appropriate vehicleService Manuals. Since component parts listsand specifications may change over time, thisinformation should be verified with ServiceManual information.

First time users of this book may find the page layouta little unusual or perhaps confusing. However, witha minimal amount of exposure to this format itsusefulness becomes more obvious. If you areunfamiliar with this publication, the followingguidelines are helpful in understanding the functionalintent for the various page layouts:

Read the following section, Understanding theGraphics to know how the graphic illustrationsare used, particularly as they relate to themechanical power flow and hydraulic controls(see Understanding the Graphics page 6).

Unfold the cutaway illustration of the Hydra-matic 4T65-E (page 8) and refer to it as youprogress through each major section. Thiscutaway provides a quick reference of componentlocation inside the transaxle assembly and theirrelationship to other components.

The Principles of Operation section (beginning onpage 9A) presents information regarding the majorapply components and hydraulic controlcomponents used in this transaxle. This sectiondescribes how specific components work andinterfaces with the sections that follow.

The Power Flow section (beginning on page 53)presents the mechanical and hydraulic functionscorresponding to specific gear ranges. Thissection builds on the information presented in thePrinciples of Operation section by showing

4

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

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COMPLETE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

PAGE 76

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4TH CLUTCHHUB & SHAFT

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RANGE REFERENCE CHARTLARGE CUTAWAY VIEWOF TRANSAXLE(FOLDOUT)

HALF PAGE TEXT FOR EASYREFERENCE TO BOTH PAGES

PAGE NUMBER FOR REFERENCE TOFLUID FLOW SCHEMATIC


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PARK Engine Running

FOLDOUT 77Figure 7476

PARK (Engine Running)

FLUID FLOW SCHEMATIC (FOLDOUT)

Engin

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With the

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the Par

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position

, line pr

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38D2

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SIGNAL

FLUID FLOW THROUGHCOMPONENTS (FOLDOUT)

COMPLETE ILLUSTRATEDPARTS LIST

HALF PAGE TEXT AND LEGEND

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

ACCUMULATORSPACER PLATE (134)

OIL PUMP BODY (202)(Control Valve Body Side)

PUMP COVER (201)(Oil Pump Body Side)

OIL PUMP BODY (202)(Pump Cover Side)

ACCUMULATORHOUSING (140)

GASKET(369)(Spacer Plate/Case Cover)

SPACER PLATE (370)

CONTROL VALVE BODY (300)(Oil Pump Body Side)

GASKET(371)(Control Valve Body/Spacer Plate)

CASE (3)(Case Cover Face)

CASE COVER (400)(Case Side)

CONTROL VALVE BODY (300)(Case Cover Side)

CASE (3)(Bottom)

CASE COVER (400)(Control Valve Body Side)

(219)

DRIVEN SPROCKETSUPPORT

(609)

ACCUMULATORCOVER (132)

2/1 MANUAL SERVOBODY COVER (104)

40

41

4141

1919 19

182

19 18

38

2/11 3

8

3938

20

3939 1110

1025

29239

18

7

2

2

36

4

3736

35

37

336

29

18 42 35

6 18 2

34

8

82

2

2

22

1011

11

11

11

258

88

42

8

149

94212

12

1514

14

1

13

13

42

19

1925

25 26

2

24

3130

20

20

2929

31

31 43

24

42

42

24

31

2

23137

2222

16 22

23

2223

23

27

SCREEN/SEALASM. (382)SCREEN/SEAL

ASM. (382)

GASKETIDENTIFICATION

4041

40

40 19

1919

19 192

18

38

2/11

2 3

8

3938

20

3811

10

525

39

292

3918

18

7

22

36

2

37 3635

36

37

336

29

18 4229

618 2

34

8

82

2

2

22

1011

11

11

11

258

88

8

149

94212

12

1514

14

1

13

13

42

19

1925

25 26

2

24

29292

2929

31

31 2 24

42

42

42

24

31

2

2

3137

22

2222

223

22

23

23

27

SCREEN/SEALASM. (382)


GASKETIDENTIFICATION

2

2

1

17

42

43

2

2

2

1

17

42

217

43

43

43

2

2

2

242

42

29

18

42

17

18

19

19

13

13

42

1

42 42

42

13

3518 36

38

40

373(#5)

372(#7)

372(#8)372(#9) 372(#10)

373(#6)

40

40

4119 18

18

18

36

37

37

4

4

2

2

2829

28

28

8

2

19

2 17

1111

42 3

3839

3943 8

525

5

10

10

42

2

11

8

2

22

2

6

42

421821

37

36

36

7

735

42

13

20

29

8

13

12

9

9

12

14

14

14

143

19

19

2542

248

42

2

231

22

2222

23

2727

28 18

18

29

292942

111142

42

11

4343

20

39

39

38

6 33

42

8 4343

43

43

43

43

42

28

1025

25

43

43 2

15

1542

13

24

24

22

31

31

29

23

23

8

28

43

43

372(#1)

372(#3)

372(#2)

43

42

11

11

10

8

2

2

2

43

43

43

43 42

42

25

25

25

14

43

43

12

43

15 13/14

1

1313

25

42

1931

37

37

24

42

27

27

23

22

23

33

33

42

20

20

39

39

39

39

42

2943 43

31

7

7

36

36

29

29

3638 35

35

35

18

32

2

19

19

19

3

41 340

2

37

37

24

38

18

2

6

22

216

2

2

29

11

11

11

8

8

8

31

42

1843

14

10

8

43

39

29

43

31

40a

41b/40b

41a41c/40c

18g

19b

19e19d/18f

2c

19c/18k

38a

2b/11a

2a 3a

17

8b39b

39c

39a38b

20a

39d/38c

11b5a/10c

10b25a

39e

29e2x39f

18d18e

18a

7a

2d

2e

36a

2f/4b

37c 36b 35a

37b/36c37a

33a

6b

29h29g

18c42b 35b

6a 18b2y

42e

8d

8a2h

2n

2p

2k2m

10a11c

11d

11f

11g

11e

25b

8c

8e8g

42g

8f

14c9a

9b

42a

12a

12b

15a14a

14b

1a

13a

13b

42b

19g

19f25d

25e25c 26a

2q

24b

31a/29a31b/29b29c

20b/2z29d29f

31c

31f43a/2g

24a

42d

42c

42f

24c

31d

2r

2w

31e37d

22b22c

16/2s 2t

2v23c

22a

23b

23a

27c



7

32

41

33

27

24

16

3

35

23

10

2412

1513

42

11

15

19

3731272322

4242

38

33

42

4242

42

42

42

42

43

16

(125)MANUAL SERVO

APPLY PIPE

(124)FORWARD SERVO

APPLY PIPE

(126)LUBEPIPE

16 19

3131

27

27

37

37

16

23

22 22

19

16 19

37

3737 16

31

2723

22 2223

16

45

1

22

23

27

3137

19

16

19

16LUBE

43

22

22

23

23 37

37

16

(124)FORWARD SERVO

APPLY PIPE(125)


19

37

131519 37

31 27

23 221

1

35

3

2

38

41

10

44

45

45

42

43

43

27

14

15

1629

20

30

13

2221

33

7 31

18

32

23

26

9

811

5

612

219

10

25

3

244

28

20c20

NOTE:

- INDICATES BOLT HOLES

- NON FUNCTIONAL HOLES HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM COMPONENT DRAWINGS TO SIMPLIFY TRACING FLUID FLOW.

- DUAL PURPOSE PASSAGES HAVE CHANNEL PLATE SIDE NUMBERS LISTED FIRST

- EXHAUST FLUID NOT SHOWN

16

16

(38)

(37)

(29)

(28)

151

(29)

(28)

(130)(126)(128)

16

16

15

372(#4)

UNDERSTANDING THE GRAPHICS

6

Figure 2

The flow of transaxle fluid starts in the bottom panand is drawn through the filter, case assembly, channelplate assembly, spacer plate and gaskets, control valveassembly and into oil pump assembly. This is a basicconcept of fluid flow that can be understood byreviewing the illustrations provided in Figure 2.However, fluid may pass between the valve body,spacer plate, channel plate and other componentsmany times before reaching a valve or applying aclutch. For this reason, the graphics are designed toshow the exact location where fluid passes through acomponent and into other passages for specific gearrange operation.

To provide a better understanding of fluid flow in theHydra-matic 4T65-E transaxle, the components involvedwith hydraulic control and fluid flow are illustrated inthree major formats. Figure 3 (page 7-7A) provides anexample of these formats which are:

A three dimensional line drawing of the componentfor easier part identification.

A two dimensional line drawing of the componentto indicate fluid passages and orifices.

A graphic schematic representation that displaysvalves, checkballs, orifices and so forth, requiredfor the proper function of transaxle in a specificgear range. In the schematic drawings, fluid circuitsare represented by straight line and orifices arerepresented by indentations in a circuit. All circuitsare labeled and color coded to provide referencepoints between the schematic drawing and the twodimensional line drawing of the components.

Figure 4 (page 7B) provides an illustration of atypical valve, bushing and valve train components.A brief description of valve operation is alsoprovided to support the illustration.

Figure 5 (page 7B) provides a color coded chartthat references different fluid pressures used tooperate the hydraulic control systems. A briefdescription of how fluid pressures affect valveoperation is also provided.

BOTTOMPAN(24)

OILPUMP

ASSEMBLY(200)

CONTROLVALVE BODYASSEMBLY

(300)

CASECOVER

ASSEMBLY(400)

1-2 & 2-3ACCUMULATOR

ASSEMBLY(124-140)


(609)SPACERPLATE(370)

GASKETVALVE BODY/

SPACER PLATE(371)

GASKETSPACER PLATE/

CHANNEL PLATE(369)

FORWARDSERVO

ASSEMBLY(15-22)

MANUAL2/1 SERVOASSEMBLY(106-115)

FILTERASSEMBLY

(100)

REVERSESERVO

ASSEMBLY(39-49)

CASEASSEMBLY

(3)TORQUE

CONVERTER(1)

UNDERSTANDING THE GRAPHICS

Figure 3

PUMP COVER SIDE CASE COVER SIDE VALVE BODY SIDE

ACCUMULATOR COVER SIDE

THREE DIMENSIONALTHREE DIMENSIONALTHREE DIMENSIONAL

TWO DIMENSIONAL TWO DIMENSIONAL TWO DIMENSIONAL

TWO DIMENSIONALTHREE DIMENSIONAL

GRAPHICSCHEMATIC

REPRESENTATIONACCUMULATOR HOUSING SIDE




ACCUMULATOR HOUSING SIDE

CONTROL VALVE BODY SIDE

CONTROLCONTROLVALALVE BODYVE BODY

ASSEMBLASSEMBLY (300)Y (300)

OILOILPUMP BODYPUMP BODY

(202)

CASE COVERCASE COVERASSEMBLASSEMBLY (400)Y (400)

ACCUMULAACCUMULATORTORHOUSINGHOUSING

ASSEMBLASSEMBLY(140)

ACCUMULAACCUMULATORTORCOVERCOVER(132)

VALALVE BODYVE BODYSPSPACERACERPLATETE(370)

ACCUMULAACCUMULATORTORSPSPACERACERPLATETE(134)

FOLDOUT 7AFOLDOUT 7

GASKET(371)

GASKET(369)

SPACERPLATE(370)

SPACERPLATE(134)


4TH CLUTCHHOUSING

DRIVEN SPROCKETSUPPORT (609)

2ND CLUTCH HOUSING(617)

3-4 ACCUMULATOR (428)

1-2ACCUMULATOR

(136)

2-3ACCUMULATOR

(136)

MANUAL2/1 SERVO

(108)

REVERSESERVO(39-49)

REV

SERV

O

LO D-4

COOLER

LUBELINE

PRESSURETAP(38)

#3#10

7a

4a

4b

2g 2h 20b

20a

2k

2f

2d

2e11

a

11b

16 33

3

21

13

23

30

18a

18b

37a

37b36c

36b

18c

42e

2z

18d

2x

2w

2n

18e

69 11104 22

15

FORWARDSERVO(15-22)

LOBLOW OFF

VALVE

D-2

D-3

LINE

LINE

LINE

LINE

LINE

ORIFICED EXH

ORIF

EX

INPU

T CL

FD

IN CL FD

CONVERTER FEED

CONV

FD

CONV

FD

D4

D2

CONVERTER FEED

CONVERTER FEED

AUX INPUT CL FD

AUX INP CL FD

INPU

T CL

FD

LINE

3RD

LINE

LINE LO

W/1

ST G

EAR

LOW

/1ST

GEA

R

4TH

CL

3RD

CLUT

CH

REVE

RSE

LO

REV SERVO

REV

SERV

REVERSE

D4

D3

3RD

3RD

D2

D4

D3

D2

D2

D2

4TH CL2-3 OFF SIG

LO-1STLO

3RD CL3RD CL/LO-1ST

2ND CLINPUT CL4TH CL

LOW

/1ST

GEA

R

LINE

LINE

4TH CL

3-4 ACCUM

4TH CL

REVERSE

REVE

RSE

MAN 2-1 SERVO FD

2-3

ACCU

M

MAN 2-1 SERVO FD

MAN

2-1

SER

VO F

D

FWD SERVO

FWD SERVO

2ND CL

2ND CL

COOLER

2ND CL

2ND

CL

D4

EX

#8

1-2 ACCUM

1-2

ACCU

M

3RD CL

COOLER

COOL

ERLU

BE

LUBE

COOLER

COOL

ERLU

BECO

OLER

LUBE

2-3

SIGN

AL

2-3

SIGN

AL

2ND

CLUT

CH

LO-1

ST

LO-1

ST

3RD

CLU/

LO

1ST

2-3 SIG

2-3 OFF SIG

REVERSE

REVERSEREV

TORQ

UE S

IG

TORQ

UE S

IG

TORQ

SIG

TORQUE SIG


(125)

FORWARD SERVOAPPLY PIPE

(124)

ORIFICEDCUP PLUG

LUBE PIPE(126)

ACCUMULATORSPACER PLATE

(134)

ACCUMULATORHOUSING

(140)

CHANNEL PLATE (400)

ACCU

MUL

ATOR

COVE

R(1

32)

CASE

(3)

COOLERCONNECTOR

(29)

1 17311214 19

718 32

3a

8a 8b5b11c

11d

11e

11f

11g

5a2b

16a

2c

THERMOSTATICELEMENT

(122)

LODECREASE

LO-1ST

LINE

1-2,

3-4

SIG

1-2,3-4 SIG

LO-1ST

CHAIN OILER

LO3RD CL3RD CL/LO-1ST2ND CL

4TH CL

DECREASE

3RD

CL

3RD CL/LO-1ST 3RD CL/LO-1ST

3RD CL/LO-1ST

INPUT CL

INPUT CLINPUT CL

2ND CL4TH CL

TCC

APPL

Y

TCC

RELE

ASE

CHANNEL PLATE (400)CASE (3)

CONTROL VALVE BODY (300)GASKET (371)

SPACER PLATE (370)

GASKET (369)

CHANNEL PLATE (400)CASE (3)

14b

1

BOTTOMPAN(24)

FILTERASSEMBLY

(100)

LUBE

LUBE

LUBE

TCC APPLY

TCC RELEASE

INTAKE & DECREASECONVERTER & LUBELINEACTUATOR FEEDACCUMULATORSOLENOID SIGNALTORQUE SIGNAL

PRESSURES

PUMPBODY(202)

SUCT

ION

TORQUECONVERTER

(1)

TFPSWITCH

OILPUMP

DECREASE

LO

REV

D4

D2

D3

D3

D3

D2

D4

3RD

3RD

D4

2ND

2ND

EX EX

EXEX

MANUAL VALVE

PRNDD21

E

X

E

X

EX

EX

TCC REG APPLY

EXEX

EX

EX EXEX

EX

TCC REL

TCC CONTROL VALVE

TCCCONTROL(PWM)Solenoid


EXEX

VBS

TORQUE SIG REGPressureControlSolenoidN.O.

1-2, 3-4ShiftSolenoidN.O. ON

1-2 SHIFT VALVE

EX

EX

EX

EX

REV

BST

EXFW

D BS

T

EX EXEX


2-3 ShiftSolenoid

N.O. ON

1-2 ACCUM VALVE

EX EXEX


EXEX

3-4 ACCUM 2-3 ACCUM

TORQ

UE S

IG

TORQUE SIG

TCC

REG

APP

TCC SIG

TORQ

UE S

IG

TORQ SIG

TORQUECONVERTERBLOW-OFF

COOLERBALL

CHECKVALVE

EX

ACT

FD

ACT FD

TCC

RELE

ASE

ACTUATOR FD

#6

19g

19f

19e

18f

19d18

h

18g

34

19a1

9b19c

18k

29

D SR

V AP

FWD

SERV

OFW

D SE

RVO

3RD

CLU

3RD

3RD

3RD

CLUT

CH

D-4

D-4 THERMO

ELEMENT

#727 39

a39b

39c

39d

38b

38c

LO-1

ST

LO

LO-1ST

LO-1

ST

1-2 ACCUM

MAN 2-1 SERVO

1-2 ACCUM

23a

23b 4

2c

42d

29h

25 24c

24b

24a

2v2t2s2r

2l2m2p 20c

20d

29g

2-3

AC

TORQ

UE S

IG

3RD

3RD

24c

37d

24a

24b

83-4 ACCUM

3-4

ACCU

M

#225 26 27

c

26h 1

0a

12b4

2a 42b

12a

8d 8h 8e

8g

8f

6b 6a8a 9a29f

29e

9b

13a

13b 14a

14b

15a

26g

27b

25e

27a

26f

25d

25a

2ND

2ND

2ND

LO

D4

3RDLINE

LINE

3RD

#9

29a

31a

2428

31b

29b

29c

29d

38a

2a 2b

25b

25c

3RD

3RD

3RD

3RD

#439e

31d

31c

36a

35a

31e

35b

33a

39g

39f

31f

LO-1ST

3RD CL

D3

D3

D4

D3D4

D4

3RD CL

#520

40c

48c

40b

48b

40a

48a

TCC APPLY

TCC APPLY

TCC RELEASE

EX

EX

37c

D-4

LINE

2ND CL

ACT

FD

INPUT CL

PRN

LINE

LINE

LINE

LINE

LINE

PRN

INPU

T CL

2-3 SIG2-3 SIG

LINE

PRN

LINE

LINE

PRN

PRN

PRN

ACT FD LIM VALVE

ACTU

ATOR

FD

ACT

FD

ACT FDACT FD

1-2 ACCUM

2-3 ACCUM

LINE

7B

FLUID PRESSURES

INTAKE & DECREASE

CONVERTER & LUBE

LINE

ACTUATOR FEED

ACCUMULATOR

SOLENOID SIGNAL

TORQUE SIGNAL

EXHAUST

DIRECTION OF FLOW

A B

A B

WITH EQUAL SURFACE AREASON EACH END OF THE VALVE,BUT FLUID PRESSURE "A"BEING GREATER THAN FLUIDPRESSURE "B", THE VALVEWILL MOVE TO THE RIGHT.

WITH THE SAME FLUID PRESSUREACTING ON BOTH SURFACE "A"AND SURFACE "B" THE VALVEWILL MOVE TO THE LEFT. THISIS DUE TO THE LARGER SURFACEAREA OF "A" THAN "B".

UNDERSTANDING THE GRAPHICSTYPICAL BUSHING & VALVE

Figure 4

Figure 5

SPRING

BOREPLUG

VALVE

BUSHING

EXHAUST FROM THEAPPLY COMPONENTUNSEATS THE CHECKBALL,THEREFORE CREATINGA QUICK RELEASE.

TO APPLYCOMPONENT APPLY FLUID SEATS THE

CHECKBALL FORCING FLUIDTHROUGH AN ORIFICE INTHE SPACER PLATE, WHICHCREATES A SLOWER APPLY.

WITH SIGNAL FLUID PRESSUREGREATER THAN SPRING ANDSPRING ASSIST FLUID PRESSURETHE VALVE MOVES OVER.

WITH SIGNAL FLUID PRESSUREEQUAL TO OR LESS THANSPRING AND SPRING ASSISTFLUID PRESSURE THE VALVEREMAINS IN CLOSED POSITION.

BUSHING

VALVEBODY

SPACERPLATE

RESTRICTINGORIFICE

CHECKBALL

RETAININGPIN

BOREPLUG

SPRINGVALVE

BUSHING

VALVEBODY

SPACERPLATE

SIGNALFLUID

APPLYFLUID

SPRINGASSISTFLUID

EX

SPACERPLATE

SIGNALFLUID

APPLYFLUID

SPRINGASSISTFLUID

EX

3RD SPRAGCLUTCH

ASSEMBLY(670)

DRIVENSPROCKET

(506)

MANUALSHAFT(807)

TORQUECONVERTER

(1)

DRIVE LINKASSEMBLY

(507)

OILPUMP

ASSEMBLY(200)

REVERSESERVO

ASSEMBLY(39-49)

PARKINGLOCK

ACTUATOR(800)


(609)

FILTERASSEMBLY

(100)


(527)

INPUT SPRAGCLUTCH

ASSEMBLY(722)

INPUTCARRIER

ASSEMBLY(672)

REACTIONCARRIER

ASSEMBLY(675)

1/2 SUPPORTAND DRUM

(687)

1/2 SUPPORTROLLER CLUTCH

ASSEMBLY(683)

CONTROLVALVE

ASSEMBLY(300)

DRIVESPROCKET

(516)

OUTPUTSHAFT(510)

2ND CLUTCHASSEMBLY(620-627)

3RD CLUTCHASSEMBLY(639-649)

INPUT CLUTCHASSEMBLY(654-659)

3-4 ACCUMULATORASSEMBLY(421-428)


ASSEMBLY(504)

4TH CLUTCHASSEMBLY(500-502)

REVERSEBAND

ASSEMBLY(615)


CARRIERASSEMBLY

(700)

SPEEDSENSOR

(10)

CASEEXTENSIONASSEMBLY

(6)

FORWARDBAND

ASSEMBLY(688)

FORWARDSERVO

ASSEMBLY(15-22)

MANUAL 2/1SERVO

ASSEMBLY(103-115)

2/1 BANDASSEMBLY

(680)

CASECOVER

ASSEMBLY(400)

HYDRA-MATIC 4T65-E

8 Figure 6

8A

Figure 7

HYDRA-MATIC 4T65-ECROSS SECTIONAL VIEW

This illustration is a typical engineering crosssectional drawing of the Hydra-matic 4T65-Etransaxle that has been used sparingly in thispublication. Unless an individual is familiar withthis type of drawing, it may be difficult to use whenlocating or identifying a component in the transaxle.For this reason, the three dimensional graphicillustration on page 8 has been the primary drawingused throughout this publication. It also may be usedto assist in the interpretation of the engineeringdrawing when locating a component in the transaxle.

These illustrations, and others used throughout thebook, use a consistent coloring of the components inorder to provide an easy reference to a specificcomponent. Colors then remain the same from sectionto section, thereby supporting the informationcontained in this book.

An automatic transaxle is the mechanicalcomponent of a vehicle that transfers power(torque) from the engine to the wheels. Itaccomplishes this task by providing a numberof forward gear ratios that automaticallychange as the speed of the vehicle increases.The reason for changing forward gear ratiosis to provide the performance and economyexpected from vehicles manufactured today.On the performance end, a gear ratio thatdevelops a lot of torque (through torquemultiplication) is required in order to initiallystart a vehicle moving. Once the vehicle is inmotion, less torque is required in order tomaintain the vehicle at a certain speed. Oncethe vehicle has reached a desired speed,economy becomes the important factor andthe transaxle will shift into overdrive. At thispoint output speed is greater than input speed,and, input torque is greater than output torque.

Another important function of the automatictransaxle is to allow the engine to be started

and run without transferring torque to thewheels. This situation occurs whenever Park(P) or Neutral (N) range has been selected.Also, operating the vehicle in a rearwarddirection is possible whenever Reverse (R)range has been selected (accomplished by thegear sets).The variety of ranges in an automatic transaxleare made possible through the interaction ofnumerous mechanically, hydraulically andelectronically controlled components inside thetransaxle. At the appropriate time and sequence,these components are either applied or releasedand operate the gear sets at a gear ratio consistentwith the drivers needs. The following pagesdescribe the theoretical operation of themechanical, hydraulic and electrical componentsfound in the Hydra-matic 4T65-E transaxle.When an understanding of these operatingprinciples has been attained, diagnosis of thesetransaxle systems is made easier.

The transaxle can be operated in any one of the sevendifferent positions shown on the shift quadrant(Figure 8).P Park position enables the engine to be started whilepreventing the vehicle from rolling either forward orbackward. For safety reasons, the vehicles parkingbrake should be used in addition to the transaxle Parkpositions. Since the final drive differential and outputshaft are mechanically locked to the case through theparking pawl and final drive internal gear, Park posi-tion should not be selected until the vehicle has cometo a complete stop.R Reverse enables the vehicle to be operated in arearward direction.N Neutral position enables the engine to start andoperate without driving the vehicle. If necessary, thisposition should be selected to restart the engine whilethe vehicle is moving. D Overdrive range should be used for all normaldriving conditions for maximum efficiency and fueleconomy. Overdrive range allows the transaxle to op-erate in each of the four forward gear ratios. Down-shifts to a lower gear, or higher gear ratio, are available

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Figure 8

FOLDOUT 9

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

9A

for safe passing by depressing the accelerator or bymanually selecting a lower gear with the shift selector.

The transaxle should not be operated in Overdrive whentowing a trailer or driving on hilly terrain. Under suchconditions that put an extra load on the engine, thetransaxle should be driven in a lower manual gear se-lection for maximum efficiency.D Manual Third can be used for conditions where itmay be desirable to use only three gear ratios. Theseconditions include towing a trailer and driving on hillyterrain as described above. This range is also helpfulfor engine braking when descending slight grades. Up-shifts and downshifts are the same as in Overdriverange for first, second and third gears except that thetransaxle will not shift into fourth gear.2 Manual Second adds more performance for con-gested traffic and hilly terrain. It has the same startingratio (first gear) as Manual Third but prevents the tran-saxle from shifting above second gear. Thus, ManualSecond can be used to retain second gear for accelera-tion and engine braking as desired. Manual Second canbe selected at any vehicle speed but will not downshiftinto second gear until the vehicle speed drops belowapproximately 100 km/h (62 mph).1 Manual First can be selected at any vehicle speed.If the transaxle is in third or fourth gear it will immedi-ately shift into second gear. When the vehicle speedslows to below approximately 60 km/h (37 mph) thetransaxle will then shift into first gear. This is particu-larly beneficial for maintaining maximum engine brak-ing when descending steep grades.

PR N

D D 21

The Hydra-matic 4T65-E is a fully automatic fourspeed front wheel drive electronically controlledtransaxle. It consists primarily of a four-elementtorque converter, two planetary gear sets, a hydraulicpressurization and control system, friction andmechanical clutches and, a final drive planetary gearset with a differential assembly.The four-element torque converter contains a pump,a turbine, a pressure plate splined to the turbine, anda stator assembly. The torque converter acts as afluid coupling to smoothly transmit power from theengine to the transaxle. It also hydraulically providesadditional torque multiplication when required. Thepressure plate, when applied, provides a mechanicaldirect drive coupling of the engine to the transaxle.The two planetary gear sets provide the four forwardgear ratios and reverse. Changing gear ratios is fullyautomatic and is accomplished through the use of aPowertrain Control Module (PCM). The PCM receivesand monitors various electronic sensor inputs anduses this information to shift the transaxle at theoptimum time.

The PCM commands shift solenoids, within thetransaxle, on and off to control shift timing. The PCMalso controls the apply and release of the torqueconverter clutch which allows the engine to deliver themaximum fuel efficiency without sacrificing vehicleperformance.The hydraulic system primarily consists of a vane typepump, control valve body and channel plate. The pumpmaintains the working pressures needed to stroke theservos and clutch pistons that apply or release thefriction components. These friction components (whenapplied or released) support the automatic shiftingqualities of the transaxle.The friction components used in this transaxle consistof five multiple disc clutches and two bands. Themultiple disc clutches combine with three mechanicalcomponents, two roller clutches and a sprag clutch, todeliver five different gear ratios through gear sets. Thegear sets then transfer torque through the final drivedifferential and out to the drive axles.

EXPLANATION OF GEAR RANGES

MAJOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTS

OIL PUMPDRIVE SHAFT

(227)

DRIVE LINKASSEMBLY

(507)

DRIVESPROCKET

(516)


(527)


ASSEMBLY(504)

4TH CLUTCHPLATE ASSEMBLY

(500-502)

INPUTCARRIER

ASSEMBLY(672)

REACTIONCARRIER

ASSEMBLY(675)

REACTIONSUN GEAR

DRUM(678)

MANUAL 2/1SERVO

ASSEMBLY(103-115)

FORWARDSERVO

ASSEMBLY(15-22)

OUTPUT SHAFT(510)

2/1 BANDASSEMBLY

(680)

FORWARD BANDASSEMBLY

(688)

1/2 SUPPORTROLLER

ASSEMBLY(681-687)

FINAL DRIVEINTERNAL GEAR

(693)

PAWL & PINLOCKOUT

ASSEMBLY(694)

PARKINGGEAR(696)

FINAL DRIVESUN GEAR

(697)


CARRIERASSEMBLY

(700)

FINAL DRIVESUN GEAR

SHAFT(689)

DRIVENSPROCKET

(506)

2ND CLUTCHHOUSING

(617)

REVERSE BANDASSEMBLY

(615)


(632)


(609)

TURBINESHAFT(518)

REVERSESERVO

ASSEMBLY(39-49)

INPUTSUNGEAR(668)

3RD SPRAGCLUTCH

ASSEMBLY(653, 717-721)

INPUT SPRAGCLUTCH

ASSEMBLY(661, 665, 719,

721, 722)

REVERSEREACTION DRUM

(669)

SPLINEDTO CASE

SPLINED TOTORQUE CONVERTERTURBINE ASSEMBLY

(D)

SPLINEDTOGETHER

SPLINEDTO

(632)

SPLINEDTO

(668)

SPLINEDTO

(689)

SPLINEDTOGETHER

SPLINEDTOGETHER

SPLINEDTO

(672)

SPLINEDTOGETHER

SPLINEDTOGETHER

SPLINEDTO

(669)

SPLINEDTO

(675)

10 Figure 9

COLOR LEGEND

MAJOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTSThe fold-out graphic on page 10 contains a disassembled drawingof the major components used in the Hydra-matic 4T65-Etransaxle. This drawing, along with the cross sectionalillustrations on pages 8 and 8A, shows the major mechanicalcomponents and their relationship to each other as a completeassembly. Therefore, color has been used throughout this bookto help identify parts that are splined together, rotating at enginespeed, held stationary, and so forth. Color differentiation isparticularly helpful when using the Power Flow section forunderstanding the transaxle operation.

The color legend below provides the general guidelinesthat were followed in assigning specific colors to the majorcomponents. However, due to the complexity of thistransaxle, some colors (such as grey) were used for artisticpurposes rather than being restricted to the specific functionor location of that component.

Components held stationary in the case or splinedto the case. Examples: Driven Sprocket Support(609), Final Drive Internal Gear (693) and ValveBody (300).Components that rotate at engine speed.Examples: Torque Converter Assembly (1) andOil Pump Drive Shaft (227).Components that rotate at turbine speed.Examples: Converter Turbine, Drive Sprocket(516), Driven Sprocket (506) and Input Shaft andHousing Assembly (632).Components that rotate at transaxle output speed.Examples: Differential/Final Drive Carrier (700),Output Shaft (510).Components such as the Stator in the TorqueConverter (1), 2nd Clutch Housing (217), ReverseReaction Drum (669) and Input Carrier Assembly(672).Components such as the Reaction Sun Gear Drum(678) and 1/2 Support Inner Race (681).

Components such as the 1/2 Support Outer Race(687).

Components such as the Reaction CarrierAssembly (675), Parking Gear (696) and FinalDrive Sun Gear (697).

Accumulators, Servos and Bands.

All bearings and bushings.

All seals

10A

COLOR LEGENDAPPLY COMPONENTSThe Range Reference Chart on page 11, provides anothervaluable source of information for explaining the overall functionof the Hydra-matic 4T65-E transaxle. This chart highlights themajor apply components that function in a selected gear range,and the specific gear operation within that gear range.

Included as part of this chart is the same color reference to eachmajor component that was previously discussed. If a componentis active in a specific gear range, a word describing its activitywill be listed in the column below that component. The rowwhere the activity occurs corresponds to the appropriate transaxlerange and gear operation.

An abbreviated version of this chart can also be found at the topof the half page of text located in the Power Flow section. Thisprovides for a quick reference when reviewing the mechanicalpower flow information contained in that section.

10B

RANGE REFERENCE CHART

Figure 10

1-2, 3-4 2-3 3RD INPUT 1/2RANGE GEAR SHIFT SHIFT 4TH REVERSE 2ND 3RD SPRAG INPUT SPRAG 2/1 SUPPORT FORWARD

SOLENOID SOLENOID CLUTCH BAND CLUTCH CLUTCH CLUTCH CLUTCH CLUTCH BAND ROLLER BANDVALVE VALVE CLUTCH

P-N ON ON * *

1st ON ON APPLIED HOLDING HOLDING APPLIED

2nd OFF ON APPLIED * OVERRUN HOLDING APPLIEDD

3rd OFF OFF APPLIED APPLIED HOLDING OVERRUN *

4th ON OFF APPLIED APPLIED * OVERRUN OVERRUN *

3rd @ OFF @ OFF APPLIED APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED HOLDING OVERRUN *

D 2nd @ OFF @ ON APPLIED * OVERRUN HOLDING APPLIED

1st @ ON @ ON APPLIED HOLDING HOLDING APPLIED

2nd @ OFF @ ON APPLIED * OVERRUN APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED2

1st @ ON @ ON APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED

1 1st @ ON @ ON APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED HOLDING APPLIED

R REVERSE ON ON APPLIED APPLIED HOLDING

*APPLIED OR HOLDING WITH NO LOAD (NOT TRANSMITTING TORQUE)

ON = SOLENOID ENERGIZEDOFF = SOLENOID DE-ENERGIZED@ THE SOLENOIDS STATE FOLLOWS A SHIFT PATTERN WHICH DEPENDS UPON VEHICLESPEED, THROTTLE POSITION AND SELECTED GEAR RANGE.

11

COLOR LEGENDAPPLY COMPONENTSThe Range Reference Chart on page 11, provides anothervaluable source of information for explaining the overall functionof the Hydra-matic 4T65-E transaxle. This chart highlights themajor apply components that function in a selected gear range,and the specific gear operation within that gear range.

Included as part of this chart is the same color reference to eachmajor component that was previously discussed. If a componentis active in a specific gear range, a word describing its activitywill be listed in the column below that component. The rowwhere the activity occurs corresponds to the appropriate transaxlerange and gear operation.

An abbreviated version of this chart can also be found at the topof the half page of text located in the Power Flow section. Thisprovides for a quick reference when reviewing the mechanicalpower flow information contained in that section.

10B

12

TORQUE CONVERTER:The torque converter (1) is the primary component for transmittalof power between the engine and the transaxle. It is bolted tothe engine flywheel (known as the flexplate) so that it will rotateat engine speed. Some of the major functions of the torqueconverter are:

to provide for a smooth conversion of torque from the engineto the mechanical components of the transaxle

to multiply torque from the engine that enables the vehicleto achieve additional performance when required

to mechanically operate the transaxle oilpump (200) through the pump shaft (227)

to provide a mechanical link, or directdrive from the engine to the trans-axle through the use of aTorque ConverterClutch (TCC)

The torque converterassembly is madeup of the followingfive main sub-assemblies: a converter pump assembly (A) which

is the driving member a turbine assembly (D) which is the driven

or output member a stator assembly (C) which is the reaction member

located between the pump and turbine assemblies a pressure plate assembly (G) splined to the turbine assembly

to enable direct mechanical drive a converter housing cover assembly (J) which is welded to

the converter pump assemblyCONVERTER PUMP ASSEMBLY AND TURBINE ASSEMBLYWhen the engine is running the converter pump assembly acts asa centrifugal pump by picking up fluid at its center and dischargingit at its rim between the blades. The force of this fluid then hitsthe turbine blades and causes the turbine to rotate. As the engineand converter pump increase in RPM, so does the turbine.PRESSURE PLATE, DAMPER ANDCONVERTER HOUSING COVER ASSEMBLIESThe pressure plate is splined to the turbine hub and applies(engages) with the converter cover to provide a mechanicalcoupling of the engine to the transaxle. When the pressure plateassembly is applied, the amount of slippage that occurs through afluid coupling is reduced (but not elimanted), thereby providinga more efficient transfer of engine torque to the drive wheels.

To reduce torsional shock during the apply of the pressure plateto the converter cover, a spring loaded damper assembly (F) isused. The pressure plate is attached to the pivoting mechanismof the damper assembly which allows the pressure plate to rotateindependently of the damper assembly up to approximately 45degrees. During engagement, the springs in the damper assemblycushion the pressure plate engagement and also reduce irregulartorque pulses from the engine or road surface.

Figure 11

TORQUE CONVERTER

CONVERTER HOUSINGCOVER ASSEMBLY

(J)

PRESSURE PLATEASSEMBLY

(G)

DAMPERASSEMBLY

(F)TURBINE

ASSEMBLY(D)

STATORASSEMBLY

(C)

CONVERTER PUMPASSEMBLY

(A)

THRUSTBEARING

ASSEMBLY(B)

THRUSTBEARING

ASSEMBLY(B)

A

G

D

F

C

TORQUECONVERTERASSEMBLY

(1)

DRIVESPROCKETSUPPORT

(522)

J

B

TURBINESHAFT(518)

PUMPSHAFT(227)

Torque converterfailure could causeloss of drive andor loss of power.

13

Figure 12

Figure 13

TORQUE CONVERTER

STATOR

CONVERTER ATCOUPLING SPEED

FLUID FLOWFROM TURBINE

CONVERTERMULTIPLYING

STATOR HELDFLUID FLOW REDIRECTED

STATOR ROTATESFREELY

FLUID FLOW

TURBINEASSEMBLY

(D)

CONVERTER PUMPASSEMBLY

(A)

STATORASSEMBLY

(C)

Stator roller clutch failure roller clutch freewheels in both directions can

cause poor acceleration at low speed. roller clutch locks up in both directions can

cause poor acceleration at high speed. Overheated fluid.

STATOR ASSEMBLYThe stator assembly is located between thepump assembly and turbine assembly, and ismounted on a one-way roller clutch. Thisone-way roller clutch allows the stator torotate in one direction and prevents (holds)the stator from rotating in the other direction.The function of the stator is to redirect fluidreturning from the turbine in order to assistthe engine in turning the converter pumpassembly.At low vehicle speeds when greater torqueis needed, fluid from the turbine hits thefront side of the stator blades (the converteris multiplying torque). At this time, the one-way roller clutch prevents the stator fromrotating in the same direction as the fluidflow, thereby redirecting fluid to assist theengine in turning the converter pump. Inthis mode, fluid leaving the converter pumphas more force to turn the turbine assemblyand multiply engine torque.As vehicle speed increases and less torque isrequired, centrifugal force acting on the fluidchanges the direction of the fluid leaving theturbine such that it hits the back side of thestator blades (converter at coupling speed).When this occurs, the roller clutch overrunsand allows the stator to rotate freely. Fluidis no longer being redirected to the converterpump and engine torque is not beingmultiplied.

14

APPLYFLUID

APPLYFLUID


(1)

TURBINESHAFT(518)


(522)

RELEASEFLUID

OIL PUMPDRIVE SHAFT

(227)

APPLYFLUID


(1)

TURBINESHAFT(518)


(522)

OIL PUMPDRIVE SHAFT

(227)

RELEASEFLUID

PRESSUREPLATE

PRESSUREPLATE

RELEASEFLUID

APPLYWhen the PCM determines that the vehicle is at theproper speed for the torque converter clutch to apply itsends a signal to the TCC PWM solenoid. The TCCPWM solenoid then routes line fluid from the pump tothe apply passage of the torque converter. The applypassage is a hole between two seals on the turbineshaft. The fluid flows inside the turbine shaft within anoil sleeve, then out of the sleeve and into the converterhub/drive sprocket support. Fluid passes through a holein the support and into the torque converter on theapply side of the pressure plate assembly. Release fluidis then routed out of the torque converter betweenthe turbine shaft and the pump shaft.Apply fluid pressure forces the pressure plate againstthe torque converter cover to provide a mechanicallink between the engine and the turbine. In vehiclesequipped with the the Electronically ControlledClutch Capacity (ECCC) system, the pressure platedoes not fully lock to the torque converter cover. It isinstead precisely controlled to maintain a smallamount of slippage between the engine and theturbine, reducing driveline torsional disturbances.The TCC apply should occur in fourth gear (alsothird gear in some applications), and should not applyuntil the transaxle fluid has reached a minimumoperating temperature of 8C (46F) and the enginecoolant temperature reaches 50C (122F).For more information on TCC apply and release, seeOverdrive Range Fourth Gear TCC Released andApplied, pages 70-71.

RELEASEWhen the torque converter clutch is released, fluid isfed into the torque converter by the pump into therelease fluid passage. The release fluid passage islocated between the oil pump drive shaft (227) and theturbine shaft (518). Fluid travels between the shaftsand enters the release side of the pressure plate at theend of the turbine shaft. The pressure plate is forcedaway from the converter cover and allows the torqueconverter turbine to rotate at speeds other than enginespeed.

The release fluid then flows between the frictionelement on the pressure plate and the converter coverto enter the apply side of the torque converter. Thefluid then exits the torque converter through the applypassage which goes into the drive sprocket support(522) and on through an oil sleeve within the turbineshaft. This fluid now travels to the valve body and onto the oil cooler.

TCC RELEASE TCC APPLY

Figure 14

TORQUE CONVERTER

No TCC apply can be caused by:

TCC PWM solenoid valve assembly (334) malfunction. TCC control valve (335) stuck or binding TCC regulator apply valve (327) stuck or binding # 10 ball check valve (372) missing or mislocated Spacer plate and gaskets misaligned or incorrect TCC blowoff ball valve (420B) or spring (418) damaged or not

seating Turbine shaft and or seals damaged or missing Turbine shaft bushing (523) worn or damaged Pressure plate assembly friction material worn or damaged

15

Clutch not releasing can causethird gear only.

Clutch not applying can causeno third gear.

3rd sprag clutch damaged can cause no third gear and noengine braking in manual first.

3RD CLUTCH RELEASE:To release the 3rd clutch assembly (6649), 3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid pressure hausts through the apply passages in input shaft & housing assembly (632) driven sprocket support (609). In the sence of fluid pressure, the 3rd clutch spguide & retainer (643) moves the 3rd clpiston & seal assembly (642) and relethe 3rd clutch (waved) plate (645) andclutch plate assemblies (646-647) from tact with the backing plate (648).During the release of the 3rd clutch/lofluid, the retainer & ball assembly, locin the 3rd clutch piston & seal assem(642), unseats. Centrifugal force, resulfrom the rotation of the 3rd clutch pistoseal assembly (642), unseats the checand forces residual 3rd clutch/lo-1st flthrough the unseated retainer & ball assbly. If this fluid did not completely haust from behind the piston, there cobe a partial apply, or drag, of the 3rd clplates.

3RD CLUTCH:The 3rd clutch assembly (639-649), locinside the input shaft & housing assem(632), is applied or ON during Third Fourth Gear Ranges as well as Manual Tand Manual First Gear Ranges.3RD CLUTCH APPLY:To apply the 3rd clutch, 3rd clutch/lofluid is fed through the driven sprocket sport (609) and into the input shaft & hoing assembly (632). A feed hole in input shaft allows 3rd clutch/lo-1st fluidenter between the 3rd clutch piston hou(639) and 3rd clutch piston & seal assbly (642). Fluid pressure seats the reta& ball assembly and moves the pistocompress the 3rd clutch spring guide &tainer (643). The piston continues to muntil it contacts and holds the 3rd cl(waved) plate (645) and 3rd clutch passemblies (646-647) against the backplate (648). The 3rd clutch (waved) p(645) is used to cushion the apply of3rd clutch.When fully applied, the 3rd clutch provthe power to the gear sets (672 & 6through: the 3rd clutch (waved) plate (and external teeth on the 3rd clutch passemblies (646) splined into the input s& housing assembly (632); and, the innal teeth on the 3rd clutch plate assem(647) splined to the 3rd sprag clutch (ourace (653).

3RD SPRAG CLUTCH:The 3rd sprag clutch assembly (653, 661, 717-721), locatinside the input shaft & housing assembly (632), mechanicaholds the input sun gear (668) during Overdrive Range ThGear as well as Manual Third and Manual First Gear ranges.

3RD SPRAG CLUTCH HOLDING:When the 3rd clutch assembly (639-649) is applied, the interteeth on the 3rd clutch plate assemblies (647), splined to the 3sprag clutch outer race (653), holds the race and rotates it in same direction and speed as the input shaft & housing assembThe inner race and retainer assembly (661), which is splinedthe input sun gear (668), is trying to rotate at a faster speed ththe 3rd sprag clutch outer race. When this occurs, the sprelements wedge between the inner and outer races to force

inner race to rotate at the same speed as the outer raceresult is a direct drive (1:1) gear ratio through the geaduring 3rd gear operation.

3RD SPRAG CLUTCH RELEASE:The 3rd sprag clutch assembly releases whenever the 3rd releases, or when its elements overrun (freewheel). Anrunning condition occurs in Overdrive Range Fourth Gear the input sun gear is held by the fourth clutch hub & assembly (504). Since the 3rd clutch assembly is applieding the 3rd sprag outer race) while the inner race is held fourth clutch shaft, the sprag elements pivot and disengagethe races. In this situation the 3rd sprag clutch outeroverruns the stationary inner race.

Figure 21 21Figure 2020

APPLY COMPONENTS

APPLY COMPONENTS

OUTERRACE(653)

INNERRACE(661)

3RDSPRAG(720)

3RD SPRAG CLUTCHHOLDING/DRIVING

OUTER RACE (653) HELD - FORCED TOROTATE AT INPUT HOUSING SPEED

INNER RACE (661) (SPLINED TO INPUT SUN GEAR)PREVENTED FROM ROTATING AT A FASTER SPEED

OUTERRACE(653)

INNERRACE(661)

3RDSPRAG(720)

3RD SPRAG CLUTCHOVERRUNNING

OUTER RACE (653) HELD - FORCED TOROTATE AT INPUT HOUSING SPEED

HELD

INNER RACE (661) (SPLINED TO INPUT SUN GEAR)IS HELD STATIONARY THROUGH 4TH CLUTCH SHAFT

717 718 719 720 721 653 661

3RD SPRAGOUTER RACE

(653)

CENTERBEARING

(721)

ENDBEARING

(719)

SPIRAL LOCKRING(717)

INPUT SPRAGINNER RACE

(661)

3RD SPRAGASSEMBLY

(720)

3RD CLUTCHSPRAG RETAINER

(718)

APPLY COMPONENTS

APPLIED RELEASED

EX

SNAPRING(649)

3RD CLUTCHSPRING GUIDE

& RETAINER(643)

3RD CLUTCHPISTON & SEAL

ASSEMBLY(642)

SNAPRING(640)


(632)

BACKINGPLATE(648)

3RD CLUTCHPLATE

ASSEMBLY(646)

3RD CLUTCHPLATE

ASSEMBLY(647)

3RD CLUTCHPISTON HOUSING

(639)

OILRINGSEAL(628)

"O" RINGSEAL(638)

LUBEPASSAGE

SEAL(INNER)

(641)

3RD CLUTCH/LO-1STAPPLYFLUID

WAVEDPLATE(645)

RETAINER & BALLASSEMBLY

INPUT SHAFT& HOUSING ASSEMBLY

(632)

639 640 642 643 645 646

647

648 649640

FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION

BRIEFDESCRIPTION

CUTAWAYVIEW

DISASSEMBLEDVIEW

MATINGOR

RELATEDCOMPONENTS

The Apply Components section is designed toexplain the function of the hydraulic and mechanicalholding devices used in the Hydra-matic 4T65-Etransaxle. Some of these apply components, suchas clutches and bands, are hydraulically appliedand released in order to provide automatic gearrange shifting. Other components, such as a rollerclutch or sprag clutch, often react to a hydraulicallyapplied component by mechanically holdingor releasing another member of the transaxle.This interaction between the hydraulically andmechanically applied components is then explainedin detail and supported with a graphic illustration.In addition, this section shows the routing of fluidpressure to the individual components and theirinternal functions when it applies or releases.

The sequence in which the components in thissection have been discussed coincides with theirphysical arrangement inside the transaxle. Thisorder closely parallels the disassembly sequenceused in the Hydra-matic 4T65-E Unit Repair Sectionlocated in Section 7 of the appropriate ServiceManual. It also correlates with the componentsshown on the Range Reference Charts that are usedthroughout the Power Flow section of this book.The correlation of information between the sectionsof this book helps the user more clearly understandthe hydraulic and mechanical operating principlesfor this transaxle.

Figure 15

16

DRIVEN SPROCKET SUPPORT:The driven sprocket support (609), located behind the case cover(400) and nested inside the barrel of the case (3), is theprimary component for fluid distribution to the clutch packs. Acup bearing assembly (606) is pressed into the housing andprovides support for the driven sprocket (506). The drivensprocket support also serves as the housing for the 4th clutchpiston assembly (603-604) and the 4th clutch piston return springassembly (602).HYDRAULIC FEED CIRCUITS:

LUBE (front):Whenever the engine is running, line pressure from the pumpassembly (200) is fed through an orifice in the valve bodyspacer plate (370), through the case cover assembly (400) andto the driven sprocket support. Lube enters the driven sprocketsupport housing and is routed between the housing and a sleevewhere it feeds the lubrication circuit. See LUBRICATIONCIRCUITS, page 104.

INPUT CLUTCH FEED:Input clutch fluid from the control valve assembly (300) isrouted through the case cover and into the driven sprocket sup-port. Input clutch fluid then passes through the driven sprocketsupport sleeve and into a drilled hole located between two sealsin the input shaft & housing assembly (632). Input clutch fluidpressure then forces the input clutch piston to move and applythe clutch. See INPUT CLUTCH APPLY, page 22.

2ND CLUTCH FEED:2nd clutch fluid from the control valve assembly is routedthrough the case cover and into the driven sprocket support.2nd clutch fluid then passes between the driven sprocket sup-port housing and sleeve, and exits the housing at a groovelocated between two seals. The seals ride on the inner diameterof the 2nd clutch housing (617) which allows 2nd clutch fluidto enter the housing and apply the clutch. See 2ND CLUTCHAPPLY, page 19.

3RD CLUTCH FEED:3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid from the control valve assembly is routedthrough the case cover and into the driven sprocket support.3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid then passes through the driven sprocketsupport sleeve and into a drilled hole located between two sealsin the input shaft & housing assembly (632). 3rd clutch/lo-1stfluid travels between the input shaft and sleeve, then enters the3rd clutch piston housing (639) to apply the clutch. See 3RDCLUTCH APPLY, page 20.

4TH CLUTCH FEED:4th clutch fluid from the control valve assembly is routed throughthe case cover and into the driven sprocket support. 4th clutchfluid then passes through a hole in the support that is locatedbehind the 4th clutch piston to apply the clutch. See 4THCLUTCH APPLY, page 17.

Damaged or leaking seals (628) can cause sliping/delay/noengagement of reverse, first, or third, and possible harsh orsoft 2-3/3-2 shift feel.

Damaged or leaking seals (612 & 613) can cause sliping/delay/no engagement of second and possible harsh or soft 1-2 shiftfeel.

APPLY COMPONENTS

4TH CLUTCHHOUSING

DRIVEN SPROCKETSUPPORT (609)STATIONARY

2ND CLUTCHHOUSING (617)

CONTROL VALVEBODY ASSEMBLY

(300)

SEALS(612 & 613)

OIL SEAL RINGS(628)

CASECOVER(400)


4TH

CLU

TC

H F

LUID

2ND

CLU

TC

H F

LUID

LUBEFLUID

LINE PRESSURE

3RD

CL/

LO-1

ST

FLU

ID

INP

UT

CLU

TC

H F

LUID

Figure 16

17

4TH CLUTCH:The 4th clutch assembly, locatedbetween the case cover (400) and thedriven sprocket support (609), isapplied ON in Fourth Gear Range(Overdrive) only.4TH CLUTCH APPLY:To apply the 4th clutch, 4th clutchapply fluid is fed through the drivensprocket support (609) behind the 4thclutch piston assembly (603-604).Pressure from the 4th clutch apply fluidforces the piston to move towards thecase cover (400) compressing the 4thclutch piston return spring assembly(602) to cushion the apply. Travel ofthe 4th clutch piston assembly (603-604) continues until the 4th clutch(steel) reaction plate (500), 4th

clutch plate assemblies (501) and4th clutch apply plates (502)

contact and are held against thecase cover (400).When fully applied, the

external teeth on the 4thclutch (steel) plates (500),splined to the case cover(400) and the internal teethon the 4th clutch (fiber) plate

assemblies (501), splined tothe 4th clutch hub & shaftassembly (504), preventthe 4th clutch hub & shaft

assembly (504) fromrotating.

4TH CLUTCHRELEASE:To release the 4thclutch, 4th clutch applyfluid pressure exhausts,allowing pressure the

4th clutch pistonassembly (603-604) to bereleased. In the absence

of fluid pressure, springforce from the 4th clutch

piston return spring assembly(602) moves the 4th clutch piston

assembly (603-604) away from thecase cover (400). This action allowsthe 4th clutch (steel), reaction plate(500) and the 4th clutch (fiber) plateassemblies (501) to disengage with thecase cover (400), and release the 4thclutch hub & shaft assembly (504)allowing it to rotate.

Plugged fourthapply passage,damagedclutch plates,return springassembly orpiston sealscan cause nofourth/slips infourth.

APPLY COMPONENTS

504502501502500 501 601 602 603 604

4THCLUTCHAPPLYFLUID

2NDCLUTCHAPPLYFLUID

3RD CL/LO-1STAPPLY FLUID

INPUTCLUTCHAPPLYFLUID


(609)

4TH CLUTCHREACTION PLATE

(500)

4TH CLUTCHAPPLY PLATE

(502)

RETAININGRING(601)

4TH CLUTCHPISTON

(603) PISTON SEAL(OUTER)

(604)

PISTON SEAL(INNER)

(605)

4TH CLUTCHPLATE ASSEMBLY

(501)


ASSEMBLY(504)

CASECOVER(400)


(609)

3RD CL/LO 1STAPPLY PASSAGE

INPUT CLUTCHAPPLY PASSAGE

LUBEPASSAGE(FRONT)

2ND CLUTCHAPPLY PASSAGE

4TH CLUTCH PISTONRETURN SPRING

ASSEMBLY(602)

LUBEFLUID

(FRONT)

Figure 17

18

46

49


(615)

ANCHORPIN

(117)

48

40

41

43

44

45

47

39

42

APPLY COMPONENTS

SERVOCOVER

(40)

INTERNALRETAINING RING

(42)

CASE(3)

RETAININGRING(39)

"O" RINGSEAL(41)

REVERSESERVOPISTON

(44)

PISTONSEAL RING

(43)

SPRING RETAINER1ST & 2ND

(17)

REVERSESERVOAPPLYFLUID

CUSHIONSPRING

(47)

CUSHIONSPRING

RETAINER(46)

RETURNSPRING

(49)

APPLY PIN(48)

2ND CLUTCHHOUSING

(617)


(615)

CUSHIONSPRING

(45)

REVERSE SERVO RELEASE:To release the reverse servo assembly (39-49), re-verse servo fluid pressure exhausts through the sameapply passage in the case, allowing pressure at thereverse servo piston (44) to be released. Springforce from: the return spring (49); reverse servocushion spring (45); and, the reverse servo cushionspring (47), move the reverse servo piston (44) andapply pin (48) away from the reverse band assembly(615) to release the band. When released, the 2ndclutch housing (617) can rotate as required for othergear ranges.REVERSE BAND:The reverse band assembly (615), located under thereverse servo assembly (39-49), is applied or ONduring Reverse Gear Range only. The band wrapsaround the second clutch housing (617) and is heldin position by the band anchor pin (117). Whencompressed by the reverse servo assembly (39-49),it holds the 2nd clutch housing (617), reverse reac-tion drum (669) and input carrier assembly (672)allowing the transaxle to operate in Reverse.

REVERSE SERVO ASSEMBLY:The reverse servo assembly (39-49), located nearthe top of the transaxle case (3), applies the reverseband assembly (615) when Reverse Gear Range isselected.REVERSE SERVO APPLY:To apply the reverse servo assembly (39-49), re-verse servo apply fluid is fed through the case (3)between the servo cover (40) and the reverse servopiston (44). Pressure from the reverse servo applyfluid forces the piston and selective apply pin (48)to move towards the reverse band assembly (615).This movement compresses the reverse servo cush-ion spring (45) return spring (49) and reverse servocushion spring (47) allowing the apply pin (48) tocompress the reverse band assembly (615). Whenthe band is compressed, the 2nd clutch housing (617)is held stationary. Reverse Gear engagement feel iscontrolled by: the reverse servo cushion spring (45)and return spring (49); the reverse servo cushionspring (47); the apply pin (48); the reverse bandassembly (615) and second clutch housing (617).

No servo apply cancause no reverse/slipsin reverse, and can becaused by servopiston oil seal (43)damaged or rolled.

Harsh servo apply canbe caused by servocushion spring (45)broken or missing.

Figure 18

19

APPLY COMPONENTS

APPLIED RELEASED

EX

2ND CLUTCHHOUSING

(617)

618

624

620 621 622 623 716 625 626 627

SNAPRING(622)

SNAPRING(627)

RELEASE SPRING& APPLY RING

(621)

BACKINGPLATE(626)

REACTIONPLATE(625)

2ND CLUTCHAPPLY REACTIONPLATE (TAPERED)

(716)

PLATEASSEMBLY

(624)

PISTONWITH

MOLDED SEAL(620)

2ND CLUTCHAPPLYFLUID

WAVEDPLATE(623)


(618)

2ND CLUTCH:The 2nd clutch assembly (617-627), located betweenthe driven sprocket support (609) and the input clutchassembly (631-659), is applied or ON duringSecond, Third and Fourth Gear Ranges as well asManual Third and Manual Second Gear Ranges.

2ND CLUTCH APPLY:To apply the 2nd clutch, 2nd clutch apply fluid isfed through the driven sprocket support (609) to theinner hub of the 2nd clutch housing (617). Feedholes in the hub allows 2nd clutch apply fluid toenter the 2nd clutch housing (617) behind the 2ndclutch piston (620); seats the retainer and ballassembly (618) and moves the piston to compressthe apply ring & release spring assembly (621). Thepiston continues to move, compressing the 2nd clutchwave plate (623), until the 2nd clutch apply plate(716), 2nd clutch reaction plates (625) and 2nd clutchplate assemblies (624) are held against the backingsupport ring plate (626).When fully applied, the 2nd clutch provides thepower to the gear sets (672 & 675) through the:waved plate (623); (steel) tapered apply reactionplate (716); (steel) reaction plates (625) external teethsplined to the 2nd clutch housing (617); and, the2nd clutch plate assemblies (624) internal teethsplined to the hub on the input housing assembly(631-659).2ND CLUTCH RELEASE:To release the 2nd clutch assembly (621-627), 2ndclutch apply fluid pressure exhausts through the applypassages in the inner hub of the 2nd clutch housing(617) and driven sprocket support (609). In theabsence of fluid pressure, the apply ring & releasespring assembly (621) move the 2nd clutch piston(620) and releases the 2nd clutch reaction plates(625 & 716) and 2nd clutch plate assemblies (624)from contact with the backing support ring plate(626).

During the release of the 2nd clutch fluid, the retainer& ball assembly (618), located in the 2nd clutchhousing (617), unseats. Centrifugal force, resultingfrom the rotation of the 2nd clutch housing (617),unseats the checkball and forces residual 2nd clutchfluid to the outside of the piston housing and throughthe unseated retainer & ball assembly (618). If thisfluid did not completely exhaust from behind thepiston, there could be a partial apply, or drag, of the2nd clutch plates.

Clutch notreleasing cancause second gearstart or no 2-1downshift and canbe caused by: 1-2 shift valve

(318) stuck orbinding.

Debris in controlvalve body (301).

Clutch not applyingcan cause firstgear only and canbe caused bydamaged ormalfunctioningsecond clutchassembly.

Figure 19

20

APPLY COMPONENTS

APPLIED RELEASED

EX

SNAPRING(649)

3RD CLUTCHSPRING GUIDE

& RETAINER(643)

3RD CLUTCHPISTON & SEAL

ASSEMBLY(642)

SNAPRING(640)


(632)

BACKINGPLATE(648)

3RD CLUTCHPLATE

ASSEMBLY(646)

3RD CLUTCHPLATE

ASSEMBLY(647)

3RD CLUTCHPISTON HOUSING

(639)

OILRINGSEAL(628)

"O" RINGSEAL(638)

LUBEPASSAGE

SEAL(INNER)

(641)

3RD CLUTCH/LO-1STAPPLYFLUID

WAVEDPLATE(645)


INPUT SHAFT& HOUSING ASSEMBLY

(632)

639 640 642 643 645 646

647

648 649640

3RD CLUTCH:The 3rd clutch assembly (639-649), locatedinside the input shaft & housing assembly(632), is applied or ON during Third andFourth Gear Ranges as well as Manual Thirdand Manual First Gear Ranges.3RD CLUTCH APPLY:To apply the 3rd clutch, 3rd clutch/lo-1st fluidis fed through the driven sprocket support(609) and into the input shaft & housing as-sembly (632). A feed hole in the input shaftallows 3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid to enter betweenthe 3rd clutch piston housing (639) and 3rdclutch piston & seal assembly (642). Fluidpressure seats the retainer & ball assemblyand moves the piston to compress the 3rdclutch spring guide & retainer (643). Thepiston continues to move until it contacts andholds the 3rd clutch (waved) plate (645) and3rd clutch plate assemblies (646-647) againstthe backing plate (648). The 3rd clutch(waved) plate (645) is used to cushion theapply of the 3rd clutch.When fully applied, the 3rd clutch providesthe power to the gear sets (672 & 675)through: the 3rd clutch (waved) plate (645)and external teeth on the 3rd clutch plateassemblies (646) splined into the input shaft& housing assembly (632); and, the internalteeth on the 3rd clutch plate assemblies (647)splined to the 3rd sprag clutch (outer) race(653).

3RD CLUTCH RELEASE:To release the 3rd clutch assembly (639-649),3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid pressure exhauststhrough the apply passages in the input shaft& housing assembly (632) and driven sprocketsupport (609). In the absence of fluid pres-sure, the 3rd clutch spring guide & retainer(643) moves the 3rd clutch piston & sealassembly (642) and releases the 3rd clutch(waved) plate (645) and 3rd clutch plateassemblies (646-647) from contact with thebacking plate (648).During the release of the 3rd clutch/lo-1stfluid, the retainer & ball assembly, located inthe 3rd clutch piston & seal assembly (642),unseats. Centrifugal force, resulting from therotation of the 3rd clutch piston & seal as-sembly (642), unseats the checkball and forcesresidual 3rd clutch/lo-1st fluid through theunseated retainer & ball assembly. If thisfluid did not completely exhaust from behindthe piston, there could be a partial apply, ordrag, of the 3rd clutch plates.

Clutch not releasing

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