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LC)NSTUDIES OF PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES

Annual Report

by

D.G. Young

Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida

June 30, 1982 DTICELECTEDEC 1 7 086

BSupported by

U.S. Army Medical Research and Development CommandFort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701

Contract No. DADAl7-72-C-2139

University of FloridaGainesville, Florida 32611

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PROGRAM I PROJECT ' TASK WORK UNITFort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701-5012 ELEMENT NO. NO3M162. NO ACCESSION NO62770A 770AB70 AC 009

11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)(U) Studies of Phlebotomine Sand Flies

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)D. G. Young

13s. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 1S. PAGE COUNTAnnual Report FROM 6/3G/81 To 6/30/82 30 June 1982

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Lutzomyia Leishmaniasis

PhlebotomusSand Fliy

19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)Phlebotomus martini, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya, was colonized in the laboratory for the first time using larval food and other techniques developed at the Universityof Florida. Phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, was developed inKenya at a site where Leishmania major has been isolated from rodents, A paper describingthe previously unknown male of Sergentomyia blossi from Kenya was completed. The eggs of 5Lutzomyia species were compared with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Specificdifferences in the outer structure of the eggs were found. A new species of Lutzomyiafrom California and 2 new species from Arizona were discovered. They and 11 other NorthAmerican Lutzomyia were illustrated in a review paper of the North American fauna. Addi-tional species, including 2 undescribed taxa, were studied from Ecuador, Peru and Surinam.The reference collection of New World Phlebotominae now contains specimens of 280 Americanspecies with 66 holotypes and nearly 100 paratypes making it one of the most completecollections in existence. Five Lutzomyia species from the U.S.A. are being maintained in thelaboratory:-3 of them shannnnl, L dihn1jr. anA T

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#19 Abstract (Continued)

Leishmania mexicana (Texas strain) to hamsters in the laboratory as early as4 days following the infecting bloodmeal.

SUMMARY

SPhlebotomus martini, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya, was

colonized in the laboratory for the first time using larval food and other tech-

niques developed at the University of Florida. Phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector

of cutaneous leishmaniasis, was discovered in Kenya at a site where Leishmania

a has been isolated from rodents. A paper describing the previously unknown

male of Sergentomyia blossi from Kenya was completed. The eggs of 5 Lutzomyia

species were compared with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Specific

differences in the outer structure of the eggs were found. A new species of

Lutzomyia from California and 2 new species from Arizona were discovered. They

and 11 other North American Lutzomyia were illustrated in a review paper of the

North American fauna. Additional species, including 2 undescribed taxa, were

studied from Ecuador, Peru and Surinam. The reference'collection of New World

Phlebotominae now contains specimens of 280 American species with 66 holotypes

and nearly 100 paratypes making it one of the most complete collections in

existence. Five Lutzomyia species from the U.S.A. are being maintained in the

laboratory; 3 of them, L. shannoni, L. diabolica and L. anthophora transmitted

Leishmania mexicana (Texas strain) to hamsters in the laboratory as early as 4

days following the infecting bloodmeal.

Accession 7orNTIS GRA&II

DTIC TABUnannouncel

S/'" ' b . str,± ,tt. :._.Just J. ' i

Distrspe.t

A-v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

, Page

SUMMARY --------------------------------------------------------------- 1

PROGRESS REPORT ------------------------------------------------------- 3

A. Introduction ------------------------------------------------- 3

B. Objectives --------------------------------------------------- 3

C. Results ------------------------------------------------------- 4

k Appendix

I. Results of studies on phlebotomine sand flies in Kenya ------- X

II. A comparison of egg topography of five phiebotomine

sand flies (Lutzomya) with the scanning electron

microscope (Diptera:Psychodidae) ----------------------------- X

II. Phlebotomine sand flies of North America --------------------- X

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM THIS RESEARCH --------------------- 8

PERSONNEL SUPPORTED ON PROJECT ---------------------------------------- 10

2

PROGRESS REPORT

A. INTRODUCTION

The importance of phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of leishmaniasis and

arboviruses in many parts of the world is considerable. The World Health

Organization estimates that 400,000 new human cases of leishmaniasis occur each

year in the world. At present, there is an epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis

(kala-azar) in India. Over 100,000 human cases have been reported. In Iran

the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis has risen sharply due to the movement

of soldiers and other nonimmunes in endemic foci. In the Isfahan and Khuzistan

areas, the incidence of the disease is estimated to be 30 cases per 100 people,

total population at risk is about 100,000 persons. In Peru there is currently

a resurgence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and bartonellosis in Andean valleys;

495 cases of the latter disease were reported in the entire country in 1981.

It is believed that over 3,000 cases will be reported in 1982 based on present

data.

The WHO in 1977 stated that "...taxonomic studies of the vectors are of

fundamental importance due to the difficulty in identifying them." The WHO

Scientific Working Group on the Leishmaniases recommended that continued support

be given to maintaining sand fly reference collections and to projects dealing

with the systematics of the group. There is a need for new practical field

keys. The establishment of laboratory colonies of vectors is considered

important for studies on genetics and vector competence.

B. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this project are:

1) To prepare keys, illustrations and other aids to identification both

by geographic areas and by taxonomic groups.

3

2) To arrive at a more satisfactory classification of the subfamily

Phlebotominae.

3) To build a reference collection of Phlebotominae.

4) To maintain one or more species in the laboratory to provide immatures

and adults for taxonomic and disease studies.

C. RESULTS

Kenya trip (16 June - 7 Aug. 1981). Specific results on studies of

phlebotomine sand flies in Kenya are given in Appendix I. The most significant

accomplishment was the establishment and successful colonization of Phlebotomus

martini in the laboratory. This species is the suspected vector of visceral

leishmaniasis in that country and has not been previously colonized in the

laboratory. A paper reporting this accomplishment is in press (Beach et al. 1983).

The PI and Captain Ray F. Beach discovered Phlebotomus duboscqi at Marigat,

Baringo District. This species, belonging in the medically important subgenus

Phlebotomus and previously unknown in Kenya, is a proven vector of cutaneous

leishmaniasis elsewhere in Africa. Leishmania isolated from rodents from Baringo

were earlier identified as Leish. major--the parasite that is transmitted by

P. duboscqi in west and central Africa. Thus, the possibility exists that

this sand fly may be involved with transmission cf this parasite among rodents

in the Baringo District as well. A short paper reporting the discovery of P.

duboscqi in Kenya was submitted for publication (Beach et al. 1982).

The male of Sergentomyia blossi, also previously unknown (undescribed), was

discovered by the PI during this trip. A paper describing it was accepted for

publication (Young et al. 1982).

Taxonomy of New World Phlebotomines. Eggs of five Lutzomyia spp. were

studied with the aid of tKe scanning electron microscope (Appendix II). The

existing classification of eggs, Lased on the egg surface structure, was slightly

modified althuugh too few species are represented and thus the classification

4

remains tentative.

A paper describing a new species of Lutzomyia from California was completed

and sent to press (Young et al. 1983). Unlike most other New World phlebotomines,

this species occurs in arid habitats.

Two additional undescribed species of Lutzomyia from the U.S.A. were

discovered. Descriptions and illustrations of them and all other North American

species were completed. A review of this fauna, including identification keys,

is given in Appendix III.

Flight trap collections in Ecuador in 1981 and 1982 yielded another new

species of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) as well as L. ayrozai, an anthropophilic

species previously unreported in Ecuador. The specimens were given to the Pi

by colleagues working in the country. Other ne .ily-collected specimens from

Peru, Brazil and Surinam were examined. Lutzornyia (vexator group) n. sp. and

L. shawi were taken in man-biting collections in Amazonas, Peru. Both represent

new records for the country. These and other species were illustrated and

will be included in the handbook of the neotropical phlebotomines which is

presently being compiled.

The reference collection continued to grow with over 280 American species

represented, making the collection one of the most complete in existence.

Sixty-six holotypes and nearly 100 paratypes are included in this collection.

Laboratory colonization of phlebotomines. Ftve species of Lutzomyia, L.

vexator, L. diabolica, L. anthophora, L. shannon: and L. cruciata, are being

maintained in our laboratory. The paper on rearing techniques, mentioned in

the 1981 Annual Report, is now in press (Endris et al. 1982). So far, attempts

to rear 9 out of 9 phlebotomine species using these methods, developed in our

laboratory, have been successful.

A trip to Texas in May and June 1982 was made to obtain living material

of L. diabolica. Six hundred females were dissected after oviposition to search

5

for natural infections of Leishmania. None was positive but enough eggs were

obtained to initiate a strong laboratory colony. This species is strongly

anthropophilic and is the suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Texas

and Northern Mexico (Appendix III). This species, L. shannoni and L. anthophora,

all of which occur in the U.S.A., are capable of transmitting Leishmania

mexicana (Texas strain) to hamsters in the laboratory from 4 to 6 days following

an infecting bloodmeal. The vector potential of their species was previously

unknown.

6

LITERATURE CITED

Beach, R.F., M.J. Mutinga, D.G. Young, and J.B. Kaddu. 1983. Laboratory colo-nization of Phlebotomus martini (Parrot, 1936) (Diptera: Psychodidae), avector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. J. Med. Ent. (submitted).

Beach, R.F., D.G. Young, and M.A. Mutinga. 1982. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus)dubosgi from Kenya: a new record. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76: 707-8.

Endris, R.D., P.V. Perkins, D.G. Young, and R.N. Johnson. 1982. Techniques forlaboratory rearing of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Mosquito News 42:400-407.

Young, D.G., R.J. Brenner, and J.M. Wargo. 1983. A new phlebotomine sand flyfrom southern California U.S.A. (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med. Ent. (inpress).

Young, D.G., M.J. Mutuku, and R.F. Beach. 1982. The male of Sergentomyia blossi(Kirk and Lewis, 1952). From Kenya (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).Insect Sci. Applications (In press).

7

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM THIS RESEARCH

1. Young, D.G. and B.N. Chaniotis. 1972. The maic of Warileya nigrosacculus(Diptera: Psychodidae). Fla. Ent. 55(2):97-99.

2. Young, D.G. 1972. Lutzomnyia ignacioi, a new species of phlebotomine sandfly from Venezuela (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med. Ent. 9:312-314.

3. Young, D.G. and C.H. Porter. 1972. Lutzomyia yuilli, a new man-bitingphlebotomine sand fly from Colombi'aDiptea Pscode) J.M.Ent. 9:524-526.

4. Young, D.G. 1973. Ta.o new phlebotomine sand flies from Colombia (Diptera:Psychodidae). Fla. Ent. 56:106-112.

5. Young, D.G. and C.H. Porter. 1974. Lutzomyia cirrita n. 5P. from Colombiawith a new synonym in the genus (Difptera: Psychodida4-. Fla. Ent.57:32 1-325.

6. Young, D.G. and D.J. Lewis. 1977. Pathogens of Psychodidac (Phiebotominesand flies) in Pathogens of medically important arthropods. (D.W.Roberts and Tl.A. Strand, eds.) suppl. 1, Bull. Wid. Hlth. Org. 55:9-24.

7. Young, D.G. and J. Arias. 1977. Lutzomyia sand flies in the subgenusEvandromyi a 4ngabeira with a description of a new species from Brazil(Diptera: Psychodidae). Acta Amazonica 7:59-70. -

8. Lewis, D.J., D.G. Young, G.B. Fairchild and D.M. Mlinter. 1977. Proposailsfor a stable classification of the phlebotornine sandfl ies (Diptera:Psychodidae). Syst. Ent. 2:319-332.

9. Aitken, T.H.G., A.J. Main and D.G. Young. 1977. Lutzomyia vexator(Doquillett) in Connecticut (Diptera: Psychodidae). Proc. Ent. Soc.Washington. 79:582.

10. Lainson, R., R.D. W~ard, D.G. Young, J. Shaw and H. Fraiha. 1976. Pre-liminary entomological cand parasitological studies in Humboldt,Aripuana, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Acta Amazonica 6:55-60 (suppl.).

H1. Young, D.G. 1979. A review of the bloodsucking psychodid flies ofColombih (Diptera: Phlcbotominae and Sycoracinae). Bull. 806(Technical) Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. Florida. 266 p.

12. Young, D.G. and J.R. Arias. 1981. Sand flies Of Lhe Central Amazon ofBrazil. 2. Description of Lutzoniyia (Trichophoromyia) ruii n. sp.(Diptera: Psychodidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. (-in pr-T-T).

13. Young, D.G., P.V. Perkins and R.G. Endris. 1981. A standard larvaldiet for rearing phlebotomilne sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J.Mied. Ent. 18(5) :446.

14. Abonnenc, E., J. Arias, N. Leger and D.G. Young. 1980. Sur LutZOMyiadavisi (Root, 1934) et les especes de morphologic comparable (Diptera:Phlebotomidoe). Annales Parasitologie, Paris 55(6):707-719.

8

15. Young, D.G. and J.R. Arias. 1982. A new phlebotomine sand fly in theLutzomyia flaviscutellata complex from northern Brazil (Diptera:Psychodidae). J. Med. Ent. 19(2):134-138.

16. Young, D.G. and D.J. Lewis. 1980. Pathogens of Psychodidae (Phlebotominesand flies). In bibliography on pathogens of medically importantarthropods: 19r0. Suppl. to vol. 58 Bull. W.H.O. 9-11.

17. Young, D.G., M.J. Mutuku and R.F. Beach. 1982. The male of Sergentomyiablossi (Kirk and Lewis, 1952). From Kenya (Diptera: Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). Insect Sci. Applications. (in press).

18. Young, D.G., R.J. Brenner and J.M. Wargo. 1983. A new phlebotomine sandfly from southern California U.S.A. (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med.Ent. (in press).

19. Endris, R.D., P.V. Perkins, D.G. Young and R.N. Johnson. 1982. Techniquesfor laboratory rearing of sand flies (Diperta: Psychodidae). MosquitoNews 42. (in press).

20. Beach, R.F., D.G. Young and HI.H. Mutinga. 1982. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus)martini from Kenya: a new record. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.(in press).

21. Endris, R.G., R.B. Tesh and D.G. Young. 1983. Transovarial transmissionof Rio Grande virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus).by the sand fly,Lutzomyia anthophora. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyy. (in press).

22. Beach, R.F., M.J. Mutingn, D.G. Young and J.B. Kiddu. 1983. Laboratorycolonization of Phlebotomus martini (Parrot, 1936),(Diptera: Psycho-didae), a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. J. Med. Ent.(submitted).

23. Christensen, H.A., G.B. Fairchild, A. Herrer, C.M. Johnson, D.G. Young,and A.M. deVasquez. 1983. On the ecology of leishmaniasis in theRepublic of Panama. J. Med. Ent. (in press).

9

PERSONNEL SUPPORTED ON PROJECT

D.G. Young, Ph.D., Assistant Research Scientist, Dept. of Entomology andNematology, University of Florida.

S.S. Haney, Technician, Dept. of Entomology and Nematology, University ofFlorida.

10

APPENDIX I

Results of Studies on Phlebotomine Sand Flies in

Kenya (16 June - 7 August 1981)1

1D. G. Young

Dept. of Entomology & Nematology

University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. 32611

FIntroduction

The role of sand flies as vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis

in Kenya and elsewhere is well known. Phlebotomus (Synphlebotomus) martini

Parrot is the incriminated vector of Kala-azar in Kenya but the female is

morphologically inseparable from those of P. celiae Minter and P. vansomerenae

Heisch, Guggisberg & Teesdale. Thus, the specific identification of wild-caught

females in some endemic areas of Kenya is open to question.

In order to study possible differences among these taxa and to furnish

material for experimental work, it is considered important to establish labora-

tory colonies of these species. In addition to this objective, fresh material of

other species is required to complete an identification key to the sand flies of

Kenya. The present distribution of phlebotomines requires further study.

The following work, considered to be a preliminary effort, was conducted by

1Scientist - in Residence, Leishmaniasis Vector Biology, The International

Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, 16 June - 1 August 1981.

Financial support was provided by U.S. Army Medical Research & Development

Contract DADA-17-72- C -2139.

three investigators - Dr. Mutuku Mutinga, ICIPE; Dr. Raymond F. Beach, U.S.A.

Medical Research Unit - Kenya; and the author.

Methods and Materials

1. Field Collections.

Localities Sampled

A. Kalawa, Machakos District; various dates from 18 June -

24 July, 1981.

B. Tseikuru, Kitui District; 23 - 26 June.

C. Marigat, Baringo District (Perkerra Horticltural Sub-

station); 7 - 10 July.

D. Rabai, Mombassa District; 24 - 28 July.

E. Amboselli National Park, Kajiado District; 7 August.

We aspirated sand flies from termite hills or other resting sites at each

locality using a simple suction tube. At Marigat, human and calf bait were

used to secure living flies. The insects were gently blown into a 230 ml

plastic jar, the bottom fourth of which was filled with plaster of Paris and

wetted. A plastic screen covered a 35 rm diameter hole in the lid, allowing for

ventilation and for providing a surface for depositing drops of honey water.

At the field laboratory, all flies collected during the day were released into a

rectangular plexiglass feeding cage. A cloth sleeve covered one end. The bottom

and back of this cage were covered with plaster of Paris to serve as a resting

surface for the insects. To maintain high humidity, we placed the feeding cage

inside a larger ccoler chest with damp towels. Virtually all of these activities

apply to the Marigat site where sand flies were relatively abundant.

A confined hamster and/or lizard were placed in the cage for at least two

hours each day. Engorged female flies were then placed in individual 7 dr vials

and transported to Nairobi.

We also collected flies with CDC light traps and a flight trap. Dead

flies were preserved dry between sheets of t'ssue paper in pill boxes.

2. Laboratory Techniques

We reared larvae following the procedures of Young et al.(1981).

Laboratory methods for handling and feeding adults were essentially the same

as those outlined above under "Field Collections."

Slide-mounting procedures followed those of Young (1979). Through the

kindness of Dr. Mutinga, I had the opportunity to study some of the

phlebotomines in his extensive collection at ICIPE.

Results

At Marigat, over 50- of unfed females in the genera Sergentomyia and

Phlebotomus fed on the confined hamster or lizard. mortality was surprisingly

low and we secured over 300 eggs from 9 females of P. martini and hundreds of

eggs from 3 spp. of Sergentomyia - S. africana, S. sch.etzi and S. antennata.

The fact that wild martini females fed readily on a confined hamster was

especially encouraging. From these 300 eggs it appears that, for the first time,

a laboratory colony of P. martini has been established (R. Beach, Personal comm.).

Taxonomic studies yielded several interesting results. Near Rabai, we

collected a male of Serqentomyia blossi, previously unknown. A paper describing it

has been submitted for publication (Young et al. 1982).

At Marigat in the Rift Valley where Kala-azar is endemic, we collected a

male of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) duboscqui 'eveu-Lemaire in a light trap (7-10

July). This discovery represents the first tine this species, or any other in

tie medically important subgenus Phlebotomus, has been found in Kenya.

Elsewhere in Africa P. duboscqui is a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Fe-

males are anthropophilic and will bite in the daytime inside houses.

In the "to be identified" section of Dr. Mutinga's collection, we identified

two females of P. orientalis or close ally also from Marigat. Previous to this

discovery, this species in Kenya was known only from two specimens collected

in East Kenya outside of the Rift Valley. Males of this species are needed to

confirm the identification. Its role in disease transmission, if any, remains

to be determined. In the Sudan P. orientalis is a major vector of Kala-azar.

-lore than 1000 additional phlebotomines were collected, mostly cormon forms

such as S. bedfordi, S. antennata, S. africana, S. schwetzi, S. suberecta and P.

martini. Drawings of some of them were completed for use in an identification

key being written. This work is continuing.

Although there was little time for comparison "with light traps, the flight

trap (Gressitt & Gressitt 1962) captured a fair number of sand flies at Marigat

(142 specimens, 3 trap days). P. martini, S. bedfordi, S. antennata, S.

schwetzi, S adleri & S. africana were represented. Traps of this kind can be

left in the field for an indefinite period of time and are useful for studying

seasonal distribution, direction of flight, etc.

Literature Citcd

Gressitt, J.L. & M.K. Gressitt. 1962. An improved Naiaise trap. Pacific

Insects. 4:87-90.

Young, D.G. 1979. A review of the bloodsucking psychodid flies of Colombia

(Diptera: Phlebotominae and Sycoracinae). Ag. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 806,

Univ. of Florida. 266 p.

, P.V. Perkins & R.G. Endris. 1981. A larval diet for rearing

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med. Ent. 18:446.

__ _ , M.J. Mutinga & R.F. Beach. 1982. The male of Sergentomyia

blossi (Kirk & Lewis 1952) from ' anya (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

Insect Sci. J. (Submitted for publication).

(In press)

A COMPARISON OF OOCYTE TOPOGRAPHY OF FIVE PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES (LUTZOMYIA)WITH THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE)l

INTRODUCTION

The egg surface structure of 19 neotropical Phlebotomine species has been

described (Zimmerman et al. 1977, Ward Ready 1975) using the scanning electron

microscope (SEM). Ward and Ready (1975) noted three species-specific topographic

patterns, i.e., polygonal, parallel ridging, and volcano-like. Several authors

(Chaniotis and Anderson 1964, Addis 1945, Lindquist 1936, Barreto 1941, and

Sherlock 1957a,b, 1963) described and figured the eggs of 17 neotropical sandfly

species using light microscopy. After examining the literature cited and eggs

from the 5 species described herein we propose adding another category to the

patterns of Ward and Ready (1975); that is, parallel ridges connected or

parallel ridges unconnected.

The classification of eggs of 41 species of Nev World sandflies according to

the proposed scheme is presented in Table 1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eggs were obtained from females reared in laboratory colonies. The prepara-

tion method of eggs for SEM based on the work of Quattlebaum and Carner (1980)

is as follows:

1. Eggs were placed on a filter paper disc in a 1 cm deep plastic container cut

from a plastic film cannister.

2. The plastic container was floated in a 50 ml Tri-pour0 polystyrene beaker

containing 5 ml aqueous 1% Os0 4

3. The paper lid was installed and the entire container was sealed in

Parafilm ® and held in an exhaust hood at room temperature for 5 days.

4. After 5 days exposure to osmium vapor the inner container was transferredI

to a covered petri dish for 24 hr to allow slow drying of the eggs.

5. Eggs were attached to an SEM stub using either double-sided tape or 0.1%

aqueous hydrcbromide polylysine (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA 18976),

sputter-coated with approximately 300A~of gold in an Eiko Engineering IB-2 Ion

Coater, and examined in a Hitachi S-450 scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 2C

KV.

Eggs were measured in microns at 100x with a compound microscope and an ocular

micrometer. Intact fresh eggs or recently hatGhed eggs were acceptable whereas

old eggs or infertile eggs usually collapsed making accurate measurement dif-

ficult. Eggs to be measured were placed on a microscope slide in Histocon® . In

each sample the eggs were produced by 5-10 females.

RESULTS

The SEM micrographs of the sandfly eggs are, shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Descriptions of eggs of each species are as follows: Measurements given are the

range, mean, and standard deviation for egg length and width for each species.

Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar, 1929), Florida specimens

Fig.1(2), 2(2)

, L ~ ~~ ~ .... .. . . . . . .. ... ..... ..... . . .

Size: N = 102, L: 290-340 (330 + 10), W: 70-110 (90 + 10)

Exochorion: High, narrow longitudinal ridges connected by prominent perpen-

dicular ridges forming 4 and 5 sided polygons which are frequently rectangular.

Lutzomyia diabolica (Young and Perkins 1982), Uvalde Co., Texas

Fig.1(1), 2(2)

Size: N = 47, L: 340-370 (350 + 10), W: 90-110 (100 + 10)

Exochorion: Surface topography is characterized by a series of discontinuous

parallel longitudinal ridges that are not laterally connected.

Lutzomyia vexator (Coquillett 1907), Levy Co., Florida

Fig.1(3), 2(3)

Size: N = 193, L: 330-390 (380 + 10), W: 80-110 (100 + 10)

Exchorion: Surface topography consists of delicate parallel longitudinal

ridges with regular perpendicular connections that form polygons which are

nearly square. There are also occasional oblong cells.

Lutzomyia anthophora (Addis 1945), Cameron Co., Texas

Fig.2(5)

Size: N = 100, L: 330-370 (340 + 10), W: 80-100 (80 + 10)

Exochorion: Reticulation consists of weak parallel longtitudinal ridges with

slight perpendicular connections at irregular intervals.

Lutzomyia cruciata spp. (Young and Perkins 1932), Alachua Co., Florida

Fig.1(4), 2(4)

Size: N = 61, L: 320-370 (340 + 10), W: 80-120 (100 + 10)

Exochorion: Wide, flat, parallel longitudinal ridges with occasional weaker

connecting ridges which are not usually perpendicular to the longtitudinal

ridges.

Discussion

Several techniques were tried for preserving the eggs to prevent collapse

under vacuum in the SEM column. The method used here yielded the best results

when fertile eggs were used.

A "standard" EM fixation procedure using 1% OsO 4 as a fixative followed by 5%

aqueous acrolein, dehydration in dimethoxpropane and acetone, then critical

point drying with Freon as a transition solvent proved unsuccessful because most

specimens collapsed in SEM. Lyophilization and critical point drying of eggs

without fixation were also unsuccessful.

A technique vhich was not used but one which may be promising is freeze

drying.

The size variation of eggs laid by individua-l females was determined by

measuring 10 eggs from each of 10 L. vexator females. The variation in egg

len h and width between females ranged from 10-50 microns and from 10-30

microns, respectively. As a result of broad intraspecific variation it is not

possible to separate the eggs of different sandfly species by size. Therefore,

the surface sculpturing is the only characteristic of the egg that can be used

for species dtermination.

:3 0

4- U '01n

r_ .0- *.

4 ) - n C',00v 0toC

0 C

0n 0-

S- . I4 WV <n 000 m 0

4- CD - ZU0- z ) - 4-1I

-4C C -0.

00

U L(

0 o 0 0) cia inI C -, 0

- I--Ecm m- ro cC LCL e uAan cn (U Q)_c *

u410 x inoV

ca'-i--/

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4.i O - i .

C ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 r3U C _ En r.4 J0 ~ ~ k 0 S-C 0rC) to4~0,~ -i>- 4-4i z- >0

I ) E 0-t

II .)4 ) tom uj (U -r_ c

ACKNOWLEDGEME ,TS

We thank E. Ann Ellis, Thelma Carlysle, and William Carpenter for their tech-

nical advice and assistance on specimen preparation and SEM.

References

1. Addis, C.T.1945. Phlebotomus (Dampfomyia) anthophorus, n.sp., and

Phlebotomus diabolicus Hall from Texas (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Parasitol.

31(2):119-27

2. Barreto, M.P.1941. Morphologia dos ovos, das larvas e das pupas de alguns

Flebotomus de S~o Paulo. Anais Fac Med Univ. S. Paulo 17:357-427.

3. Chaniotis, B.N. and J.R. Anderson.1964. Notes on the morphology laboratory

and rearing of Phlebotomus vexator occidentalis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Pan-Pacific Entomolgist. 40(1):27-32

4. Lin uist, A.W.1936. Notes on the habits and biology of a sandfly,

Phlebotomus diabolicas Hall, in Southwest rn Texas. (Diptera: Psychodidae). Proc

Entomol. Soc. Wash. 38(2):29-32

5. Quattelbaum, E.C. and G R. Garner 1980. A Technique for preparing Beauvaria

spp. for scanning electron microscopy. Can.J. Bot. 58:1700-03.

6. Sherlock, I.A.1957(a). Sobre o Phlebotomus lenti Miangabiera. 1938. (Diptera:

Psychodidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 17(1):77-88.

7. Sherlock, I.A.(1957(b). Sobre o Phleboto-us renei Martins, Falcao and Silva,

1956 (Diptera: Psychodidae). Rev. Brasil Biol. 17(4):547-56.

8. Sherlock, I.A. and M. Carniero.1963. Descricao das faces imatures do

Phlebotomus bahiensis Mangabiera and Sherlock.1961. (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Separate de Mems. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 61(3):491-94.

9. Ward, R.D. and P.A. Ready.1975. Chorionic sculpturing in some sandfly eggs.

J. Ent (A) 50(2):127-34.

10. Zimmerman, J.H., N.D. Newson, G.R. Hooper, and H.A. Christensen.1977. A

comparison of the egg surface structure of six anthropophilic Phiebotomine

sand flies (Lutzomyia) with the scanning electron microscope (Diptera:

Psychodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 13(4-5):574-79.

! AZ

0- ; Qk

.. ._ _..__.._.

-71"1

---- :..I

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-~- -7, - .

Figure~~~, 1.Sann lcrnmcorah feg ffu adspcis (1 Luzmi iblia (2 uz yashno

(3)Luzoyi veatr (4) -uzomi - - -***

17..

A-t 1.,- 0. Il

I- 701 1;o Vwc-i'- . w"

W":

--v

U.

Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of oocyte topography offive species of sandfly. (5) Lutzomyia diabolica, (6)Lutzomyia shannoni, (7) Lutzomyia vexator, (8) Lutzoinyjacruciata (T9 Lutzomyii anthophora.

Appendix III on3 U-14n

JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION

VOLUME 44 jUNK 1984 NuMiu 2-PArr 2

Phlebotomine Sand Files of North America(Diptora: Pychodlde)

D. G. Young and P. V. Perkins

A female pblebowmine sand fly

86 12 12 173

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EDITORIAL WOARDW. K. HAmaza (1987), Cheinme

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Copyright 0 19s4 by The American Moasto Coarol Amasios, tic.S4,d eum r pow a ie.,. CA and addudead tin8 dk

JUNE, 1984 MosQuiro Nksws 263

PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES OF NORTH AMERICA(DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE)l

D. G. YOUNG AND P. V. PERKINS'

ABSTRACT. Fourteen species of Lutzomya sand flies are recorded from North America, north of Mexico.rwo of them, L. apache n.sp. and L. tanyqps. n.sp. from Arizona, are described for the first time. Luzumvia

diabolica is treated as a valid species, distinct from L. cruciata. Lutzomyia vexator, having a widespread geographicdistribution in North America, is considered as a monotypic taxon without subspecies. Identification keys,distributional data, references, biological and disease information are provided.

I NTRODUCTIONpunctures on his body, another's hands and

During the past decade, interest in North arms were swollen to abnormal size .. " LocalAmerican sand flies has increased due to con- residents, acutely aware of these insects, calledfirmed reports of autochthonous human leish- them "merye wings," an Elizabethan Englishmaniasis in Texas (Shaw et al. 1976), canine term reflecting the origin of most of the resi-leishmaniasis in Oklahoma (Anderson et al. dents. Johannsen (1943) studied one defective1980), and Rio Grande virus in Neotoma wood- sand fly (lot no. 1981), concluding that it dif-rats in Texas (Calisher et al. 1977). Phleboto- fered from L. vexator in wing venation and pal-mines are the suspected, but as yet unproven, pal proportions but he did not further describevectors of these diseases in these foci, the specimen which has since been lost (Quen-

This report summarizes the published and tin Wheeler, in litt., 1982). The identitv of theseunpublished information on the taxonomy man-biting sand flies remains unknown, butand geographic distribution of the known spe- they probably represented L. shannoni (Dyar)cies of Lutzomnyia Franoa in North America and/or L. cruciata.(north of Mexico), including information on Apart from this report arid from man-bitingtheir bionomics and vector potential where observations ofiL. shannoni in the southeasternknown. References and identification keys are USA, the only other area in North Americaprovided, where sand flies commonly bite people is in

Coquillett (1907) first reported sand flies in southcentral Texas. Parman (1919) observed athe Western Hemisphere. He described Lutzo- species, later named Phlebotomus diabohcu Hallmyia (ruciata (as Flebotomus cruciatu) from 1936, biting people at Uvalde, Texas. LindquistGuatemala and L. vexator (as Flebotomus vexator) (1936) added more infoirmation on the habits offrom Plummer's Island, Maryland. Shannon this species and reported that females attacked(1913) observed L. vexator females feeding on man at night in dwellings from 2000 to 2400 hr.snakes at the type-locality and speculated that We now know that L. diabolica will attack man inanother female had bitten a person sleeping the daytime as well.inside of a cabin.

A group of biologists from Cornell University PHI.EBOTOMINE-B)RNL DISEASES IN THEwere tormented at night by biting sand flies on UNITED STATES

Minnie's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgiain 1912. Johannsen (1943) recalled that a Cutaneous leihrmaniasis in human.,"member of the party counted over 75 Simpson et al. (1968) documented the first

parasitologically-confirmed human case ofResearch supported by U.S. Army Medical Re- autochthonous leishmaoiasis in the USA.

search and Development Command contracts DADA Leishmaniae were observed in tissue snears17-72-C-2139 and DAMD 17-82-(--2223, and by and culture medium. The patient, who sufferedthe Steffen Brown Foundation. Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn. from diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, had livedJournal Series No. 5347. in San Benito, Cameron Co., Texas for her

2 Department of Entomology and Nematology, entire life except for occasional visits to theUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Ft. 32611. Present Mexican border states of Tamaulipas andaddress of P. V. Perkins: Department of Entomology, Nuevo SWalter Reed Army Medical Center, Walter Reed u e n. Subsequently, Shaw et al. (1976)Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307. discussed 2 additional human cases of cutane-The opinions or assertions contained herein are the ous leishmaniasis in Texas (Gonzales and Dil-private views of the authors and are not to be con- worth counties). They believed that the diseasestrued as official or As reflecting the views of the had been locally acquired in both cases. WaltonDepartment of the Army or the Department of De- et al. (1977) identified one of the Texas strainslense. (no. 1156) as belonging in the Leishmania mexi-

264 Movftri IA Nt%% ws \i. -1-1. No. 2-]'R 'tIf

tlotill (A)tilex. Peter-s (I 98 1), ictering to theC may liK iiifet tedl with the disease ((di igi el a! -

I exas Letsh tna its Li h. mexima o ptot. sug- 1 984).gesteif that the dfisease itav hawe hveni intro-diid fromtwi Vt netit ia K i-eutier et al. (19831) T Rio oladc ' 'i" In 'elldimtoi

idenitifiedl one I es s stl din ) IR 127) as Rio ;i-atidc sius fatnil Bnns-aviijiiaeLeihimurjo mexona mexico na. Parasites vvere gCI Phh'boiriv'tnt iso iil 4ONcutlt ii let

1 From i bo with itfacial lesion. who gn'(iho la.18) apl-oabl (oti-cte . he dseae i tie vtn ti amtied f)v Calish Cr er ;l . I 1977) W%'o tcC) Ised

p- hh 'iin a I' h-ias i ( iei-icrut the xiit I111 \'titu Fflol Neoo i )t 1(1r as ned roif IVa ide, -xas isn 198 1 (Lim 'r H ndik, B r iv M si lie, I exas ad foutInd sciloli gi( al Ci -peislldi coiliillitattoti) IhlfuiC unelated (il'ii ill itifet tioli ill otiher Serlelrdles but1 III)persi hs from otl f lit I S iXitilt rriii I C Sas. il peo ple. Ltl41ztt1510 oihtphol ld s is thle(i-i rted tuciiIoius It ishmniisi 1 iii 1982 ad s iispet't-i'i 5tCto based' of)l tilIie hail of it de spe-it is bulic~eil t hi iii t ii Ils %%se Its alo1% siC ital (ls SC iai~l inith Ssli dral s, anil itsdaIitliiil ( FratV ( ,IMSt~fOll. pIrt-OItia i-illilllltilli- p)IA5Ci aiiiI Ioll ilI%* Ildallsllil the 511115 II

ca I d n view of these r-epi-ts, therec is it gioiod tile lahi ratti ir (FI i ur-is ei al. 198:1).pi ssihi lits that Steart a ni Pith ner(I 945) ear-

I icr, had (ihi-reitlv diaginosed cuta nt os Irish- Pa routes 1)/ amtphibian, (llt an phtimnaniasis inl at hos lii) liveid [eal Alice. I t'xts.

M e epidemioh, ogv of leish man iasis in Ft'xas. . ~'la (1973) gave referencs to) hiis eaiit.

lie nigh not1 vtet stutdied. maN he si inila r to thatl (I.caldsl- i mhba aidiI eptili' pal-d-

inl tieallm Co(~ a huila StateI c.Mexsict wheref~ Ilsl aSSiit a teil %%ifh ph lehoti It tI lit's, especial Is

Ra no s- *gtdi- i rt 1970) di sc-usse'd :1 auol i 1. evalto l i 'elli tal t ali hon lia . lHt shioiweil that

tliiiiiiis humiani dcss 2 iof hii hi- of ( he siti flies %%ic suiitable' hosts for- I rvpemonama(litffuse for rn, sii l a r ti that t tp01 ti'i b) hu/ophlitoit A \sala iof ti tIS iil( 1'. w-clpoi

Simpson et al. (1968). Diaz, Na c (1971) (il .-\sala an T .e g 4ahowni Asala andi NtcKavl ii

let ted spetiiens of' L. diabohii al NIti/sluini. lifat ds A sinriatlla1,1.lia. PaI(iiaodiitiioahui la. a sit'% h'e i oitie of the pat ietls li sed . tmttXit al U I liii)) Jsi anid ftufft. tieseliped ti

'h is sanid fis. the ink iiss pt'ic knom to b itc tile spill i/iltt staige ini san d flicis anid wa.s iii fc-

petople if) I esas an liiilinher in \Icit sei, is [ihet, livse vs hil ii Itioi iliid inito) S( I/apt osl ieiicc

ills h abitat ill ths arieas dili gla. it l ititem- %60 i tliciniigregaiiis (Htftalaztan sp.

classical Ibashmnapta inesianta hitii ii nopio al iir oto 5515) [flat iiii'itled bhil litlsk andii snakes

('55 ilf soilthill \Icxii o Cet'itial andi Sooth t lli sslig e\pvi'lllnAi ifloi~ildtlis (As-ala

IXlttt'l lashmniaasi. ilt dog, M i' i~lf)DS A\Ni)M NI RI XIS

NfaiVa Xe't al. (1i979) atnid ,nieisiin et ;al. l'11 1i i) (il It IIRO

S18)) ii'ioltt'i \isOc ili l('ishltllidsis ill liifil- li' litstsiiile dvlooficsmilld lIv tat ill t a giveli

ilig (tog5 s (to\ hotutnds) itm r iia keninelif d A- diedc is best (iciel mliffedib l ling ait t liiliiatitiilii ili nea r O kiahomi ia CkN it O klahoa Fiid-ilie of ' i i lle Io eii tes. Such tedhIlliltuts %vscrc

disease itlltilltile' tio he transmitted to i(iigs at iliscousseil Is iciis (1 173 197-4) atnd (iiaiiiiisfilli site, bu(1t its iorigi n remiaills till ii usmI. Fic (1978 . lii thle presetiI t iildv adult %andii fliesI dii sdtne ageii is simtiila rtI.'uraa IIntt'o lii litinitci seanliei foir illtrhe'i r-i ditt-tia 1intantmifl it paraste causing i-anine atnd hu nial 1 i-is) ing sit es. lilt 11111 ing ti te if tiuks, tnde ii'looseil

visietal ii'ishmnitiasis iti the Old Wirli hat-k iof ideaid stallii lii c e' itt-hlilos%% alli-Ii vker-.jadotin anid [anrg 1982, Kui-a n et al. trial b ui-i us an den s, ii itkireie an i iiteI 98:3), hilt Kfnetitf rid e a. ( 198:3) identife tilhi' pi-ol ia te i ioii 11 ts Spi i itis vst'le (ap-

pa rasite as las.h mama eexun n. Mac eari i't il.1 nieil with Iias ii'1 Ct[I l r t Iiv tapsi1979) raptiure'i speiiIens of' Lttztria neal anid St i( k papmet i S. E'niis cti a1.0I982) ()fit-

tilt' keninei in the forest. We prov isitnll% id en' filleid pit iteili fos nli n ulirg stii ii ild -atighittied tint' iof the males ats L. vexaoy-,i (in the hasis sanid flit's iile tc-iI g pturlpioses.-

of aii dra wing of' the grinost fius kind iv gisenir to FlightI tr-aps aliii CD lI(.Iighit [Iraps wcIre tised1

ifS If% R. A. Wird, Waier Reed .-'rits Isltite whenever Possihie (see ( esitt aiii ( .essitt

ofl RiSva ri h. -Iht v-ector oft leish inia niaSiS allt his 162, Suetia an nil I'amin i'ain 1962). *Ili's aretsite reniai ns un known i L -ishmalifa-in fecteil dogs effectk isv iiis es foi inapilinig moi st. ilIlt iot allart' iitasiiinaltv iportedl into the Uni teid stales spe ics .i iited at temipi 11to ia i mm t at ut-Snil (a nada ti-o in enileiii i area% (,I M n'S 181. - -

Siminpsion et il. 182) anid there is riemi I )11t'l I ,1tiisl At li-u %fi l 111 l tll, Ifl pllit it

seit iiugi a I ev'itetui' thai t vlii' fi-iii Ii'Nai 5 i~ 51tmg.

t'd ~84Mosvtrr N s 265

sliages i m ilt SI am11ples uisin ri Berlese fun nel En dyis. G. B. Fai reh i d, R. C. JI dii 51 W. LWI II til nteRessf ii . AN I'flrits is ki oun ii jiima- Kra mci anlI R. C. Wil kerso. all aSS(K Iite (I ithJuleIs hawt no b21 eeni foun ill ii iatti IC ill N orth the Uiver si tl of Florida atl tile little of thisA litlila stti(i%;,J. F. Reineit, R. W. mIt r mill, P.(, Law-

PRI-Si 11.5 IIIN %NDl SID MNIl'NIINl. vei andf J. 1. Glitk, US Ainl itS itt(i eni-tooogists: R. 11. Robheits, \RS, U SDA.

It is itoIl lile hI it'flIa t adt i sanrd fies he ( aincis i lie W. Wi' ~r t h, US 1k pait t lt (If

Ntl (II islitcI we a sets of I isslie Paper' ill ia Agrkutlt e: R. JB eni iet and . '111ionil-pilf box\ hef ore fte% are Iiiot"Itied on sfides he- Uij'esit\ (If Calfilnia. Ris ei side:; Q. 1).(alls se C(il ieris pr esersed ill alnhl iare in it h 'I Iieee (aor 0111 UnisritoIs L I). H end iicksMoile fiff"it tilt tII itcrate. par-ti-1tii i those and R. . Waid. Walte Reed Arim I ttstititeoifiat Ift[\( e iei si I re in thle presersat ist fitl a Rt seanri: PeirsI ictl of tle U S A rim i v halthI

%ear oI mot Ie. Fotl f Omiig mtaceration Iil 2101 I Ser i ies Commnitand il at ait ts po sts inl thle (oni-N AM I l ho%eer. titI' flies I ll 1 b 11 %te(I ti ie i lintal U SA- antd C. G. Mic feaiid] 1). B.InIcel ilt 70"' id)H. Methlods 1(11- ptepIr tig I' i trw v*u:ertt'isfor DIsease (tlriirl IF. Collins.slitde lillts and1( itltitits jg Sanit flies are t l- (lohoradl.line tt't I 11(11W1(111ItSU g Youn2 ig (1 979). i . V.' F. Nchoc Ceni ivi1' .'~t's fit D i sease

1.Halte %,holte and11 f5 fit 10-25' odllitilt Its- (oitlti(Il, deserives slietial Ie((lgriti(In forIfdlt dvNA)i(I)a I1 o11111 ieiniietitrc fil a siiiail ;Illinsig Its IIIo ptihfish his cords of NI ithillfitu fllt 311-6t0 mitels. Al ictit.Il sandi~ flies itfeitified earliet In G . B.

2. 1-1 at tit- NI 0 1 1 I,, the btoilinlg pinlt Ill) . If1,,[ Lrii(ld andi( W. .1. Hanson Ittit (ttIoiijrtied

filawe ititl 1ldilctk1 Icl~ (111 ltt ic f t(tt oo Itilte pretsent .rtilils.Iit'.t alid AIM 11. tool111 flr 30t Itlititiles. - lttspes (if ill tilts sflI'ies sill lie diepositedl

3I. Pt itl et11(lrell Il\ dleC ifS 1111 . o f 90, it tilt- US Nattionalt MItsetiti otf Natural 1-istor%liqidt phrelli in file ttflessilr ill .1 tdt'tt ssillt tson itft pa'tir Sadote p~ilciillil 115(411 slide tteitfll\ if Slide liltf and .l i ~ t~~' a the pl n'ide-itif s%%fiill Ite id I a1( lltIpttiftrlld t Pa I. la .rt sfes als %%1 ill be dlepo sitedi irili the (lct tol.1 (Ilv i slii 1.11 Itc platedl mScl ific NSfU'illiCflit a1t fle I niseisitN o f Hlitida. anid elsesslicre as

'andt flit-, sholld~ Owttn In. d~eal hSisilic.-4. fIresere fil 701i~ Illohol lit ar Sill. (of ftiI II, I-5XONOII( I R.5I-AiENI

step 5 if a1 ftilptciiin Slidfe mott tiIs nreedfed. Niati oIf thle sfpetles oIf Itazttntst stet %'(liigi-5. Platie off11 (holp (If Canat~dal ba.lsamli fit lt m. itall s (iibed li the get'is I'hIrblmitfts Roni-

sill olf alirlll iiomop ofteide. \If\ 2-5~(itolfi dtIii ao(l Ber-te it n/'tfnls a mtte nIo%%

6. Allm, dice no frilI, rl 1155I% vSpfiliIt lolllil gloltf otf Ol)d Wo.%I J11 ll lebtlllirit's ( illIIdf(I

I'Vltt 111 IttitAs ial \St 1 [llis.ft- Iltixtillie Ills (latssili(atlti o~f I'ltizmtnVja f()ll~s that ttf Lt'sno%%1 ttfilrlr rle dicbth~l of the sandrtI mid .11(- e t al. I 1977) aind Martiiis el al. ( 178). The1sftelmalrlicel and litIlle strirl~i 111( shold fort Ill Ilt(Il tlgi( al tt'tiilirlliotgv agrees %sitl thatntIl 11.1 ill apfttt'lr.Itu. uised boo Qtiate arid V. ttkeroti (1981). iltis.I. isste t fite Spfit c n11 1 .111tot illg it' fheldd 1 (1 S\I arid O(K iIMeNbtttIdf*%ihigs. Lift these parts antidh thetlt inindif' of fit- [oIc ilt(ftitc retli(Iitt'v Ht' etihsti to l ft

sft irtlir v. fi it smll~ needle andt~ polsitionl tfiht rl tiitIit.l'SIIies li jelamroIImtisi il Sml i rlit o f I samirttt- .tpoitt'ii and sperm ;)tllipf toigethert rfuer tot

%s hitl ii the fl\ %,I% (fissl (itth tilit, faiiit tert I. gettital fill iip thatl is utsedf us

I itcstl .s il flit- rlltrsrnatlits iii this ptallt. (11itt. thit stimmt t shown siIStii hig. 2 ate8. Plant a smiall jul~ Itft glass5, frittt i itt pr il% labielledi. fil lti tI l ie stagt's arc tnot tieatt'tl i

giool ((1111 11sitp, ill Ialif fiIli'C' ofI th( 11"WI sliP this t'5ies bcl~ts:. ofiti latk oIf tllatliaf butliitllitrig tlrt Ilstt tt-iti ulfl'.AiIII toiitt s til e itte~s tol themtillare gisen. Well knon %ptc-flit- tIllIls ofI i e a111.rt Itttiifiel'l lald (it' al re o(1 Itt lst i lttd biIaI St'C letC(I-ate tde-

9. 11%vi (mc~lipowt dit ofIf~ Cald asilS Iils aIltc 2 ~il it' tit Iter paper('s (i t'l

ASntoticfit- %]fltit'ltgiotsI gt'itil I~ itI here S ilI Alll (p~c ac( ( ()U

Sf111i icitts. I ll its' leorls (Speci iliIs nlot v\ (.Ill ( K ItIS I MIa riti lit'I lix 1 lit' irSetit ati flints), an ot1 hlr fit' - NI k II AmtRIi ( SN, P'ilot 1((1 1511N

tliecli itiformaition. We grateftilis ;te kitos led ge (4-1t's tilt lImttflvt Frit iia .19 24fii I elp fIl F. S. hBlanrtonii, J.F. Biulletr R . G, Sti ge i 2 Ihdfitowyt Fr a nf, 1I92.1

2. L. diabidim a l -Lii i96) sIcllmi (c.i. .1td gmtIKi . (SI LIltif S

Spe)cs ( riup enigtut.i IHiodi i 1965 k'ILL iL ~'5t~t ....

3. L riphibi Younlg. Bittict and 2. (ibittitt %,ftll I it,% A SI m 'li lt cLLI

~~~.ugtuf (983 SI0LI FtLI IiI at . ....L . It Ilg 14)~L

S t i bgt'ttiS (s t IinfVL ym ti icu 196I2 - Lh=LLL I..iLLILs 1 w%,1 .IL li ''tttlliIGtroup LIS'IphiLLL Itiiiliit 1965) i't-t-t. L ItiI l\ i [[ i ft 1 4- 7 wetatt

4. 1. LLJ/IL( aq i ia Il(Fitt ildtL an d -Li8 Ha o I 3 i i Iatll Li~tI t It

19~6 1) 9thm' hctttL. XLl~gi iILLV " L

Sulbgetls Da)uIL)ILLLVI Addis 145 Id I ll . LLhI LIfllIL ud I L pi LL im l It Lit

5, L. (inlIIL~fL/LLII ( Addis 19I-451 LL.L I L mIli'Lw I~llill I IjfLI I I -I g ~ IISu bgentus PaathtamwL Ba t tii 1962 - !Spc I'LtiLLi c Itill (IL Nii N [ait (LiIIn tg it1

(its(Gt-iup %lL(LLLLILL I icoi 1965I)II Isist ilfiL ii IL11

XL-ilu.1g.L IILltLL

fi. L. %h niLttLLL (1) i 19294I b filIlL .LJLII ti 11 c LLIILI 11 tIL ll g

7. L. *.vpi Yout ng llid lk'tkitts tt*"ji I ILIt hl ls lI' t allk u\IIIILLIg IsL fiLd

...pe11 lL II LI,'i 11,11io H c d itI tlI 1965 'Ild I[ pl I i (".11 0[X %II, , ](h,'

8. L tevml XIIIp 193811 pI'' 'pi'll, - II I, IId 'it -III

I bge is Hr Loly tin a Bmicit. 1 96 1- 't

'\''' Ithrilil. pl 'I., 211t

9.VIp h o n n c kn n.,p II 1 -I ll I' IL)l -!( 111I ILti111111 Lq

L 0. L fiit t ii'.ill I. Sliii II II 111 ItIllpf L 1, i 1 IIh II)l H IIg 11-1 .I lt 1 12 II.1 I

11 i . hall (Ma1Illil andl IIIl~h 11 "4lll ~g sl

's~~~stiILI~II ...l m d I'llll ll . .11 ....s 1 ,11 I Il 11 I'

MLI ost i Ni 1 6

268 Mosuit N~lV. Vlitt. 11 . 2-I'% j 11

111(15%. p1 iiaIl spursi It'Iatilel% sburft 5. ( IM illii %'fillI t1 M4i41-likV lIM'4 "I l I

.1, %4'lo . .. .. . .. . . L itxara (F~ig. 94) molt. hutliiiital 15111.. . -1 ig. I I

( ' intiitilt %ihfs 140 sit' l enii scitus Cibfu %%fill 2- 10 ii hii iltill iiil tc ihilif.li l loiilI.' p11 0t-I .t 11 1 41 1o( O111C.16 ii in 1%%fl 2,14 ii oa 1 iounded

\n~cllil a oi* no Ica h,5 11 ends g )I S .ieli kvIviadill

(.44414444livi'% ptilli a S iiipils Iviii (.illulm ito cla istiti 7 iiv il /i

loil l .. ..- . .. .. Vi 44101"I l(Fig. Who). iiii IIt I % 01 - 10s biihlilvI hot uw.i~ ltIlis

..... I ... .. . .. ..' . I- 1, , ub htPm , ( Fig . 15) .bc i . 44.... . ... .I i . i

Gici'ihi *444\III Ilf of I i p t ill ibis um %iiii112' is .idd bwooi,~b fit

situ41 . 11i c11,41 liai%(' Iiij %ii ,i s I (,1 2fii lwvig dilllii

Iu'll 11141 li . 51(44l tfl gsiul,4 mlik 4c o%,dli1 4 k' lit.

12 III 111 1 4441 )1. 4 I filt ifii (1i) itisit.1d tiil sfijiv 2 bh d likin hoi/o ta

g.1 1% II. . . . . . . . . .4441( li,' 2"11c ss iff 1 i tc i Sp lIlliflit- ac s)4( oft44 hu %,ill

Inlt. Iu p1 '.c l k . 1 5. 14. I4 xFlA PVl41 iFig 1)llillI I .41 41i1,is i 1.1. I 14U4g 6

bul'444/ 1111ol 1% i NIi. ,,~i Itt 1,liiiiiii vIIu l diti, sho41 t f WI (ii.11

. 'i~ c115 iiiiieul .1p dub n p indl pcil ' lof guli-' I l fok l ulii~a

pulip, 111111vil 11), '111pi.. 'Iflou %ill all 11111 1 . . lp. . . 44414a fli g. 22. .44it'ii .151om till[% ,I1 p I ofid %j4411 biseititit %i111,11 hvI ic4. .II I X, gul lia I Iii

-. ~Ic )it ,ci w .451 441(% I ,iipu t sil ll i 14 v. I I Id I\ 41 ia li I I i flisil 11111~ uthan

S)Ilnim m .. . . . ..I.. .P2 sivi of14 gienital loti k .', t. imli Iigtlt -~

12 iPuthmon tt miili pa455 4411 it s lium.f-tnh h p- m ,(kn i i

I)I41\Iloicii t j44 I cm45 in tbu o I d ofg cmc4. .144 .'.1.. i t.. ....... ......... . .. I1'p l incil c 4 1.t o(igi ,i % 12-t( 16 9. 4.v 1 141'c ac tf p l usl 11, it 11u.1

ilI g 14m k ,41 I 14.451 isten sc1. gll i ng %I't1I1''"%f.~c lTh n

144.41l ,iIt...44 % . . .... L m a 1-g . . 4 11,45 % 4'4t o 1111 15'4ll l ill (15 .111 1' .1It

PI1.411 A% ()5'. AS 141 44 ,1111.4 111 41. I ('Igil Aiifi tl l tu 4,44114at )I , 1iii~ . Ii i. .. 11

4115-T I 4Itl (Li 1.1 g .iolt 'los't iii Flg. -4 Spii . l i ~ ac 1415 4lti 't-lik %1.1)4 It-11

Ic v I. 4/4441144444 2. Goig.tt %%)l th l V1(~11 11) of o iil 41.4 'p .41 ('m[

'4;s'' ttta l .44 de % p ers ii il. ~ w \4. h g .%Iitif.h lt ' ba a 1 11 lii 111 Ii ' 414441WSings. \Isjlt l,4%, ........I.it Lis: du (Fg 3)41444 tiahs~iit 1 04%It',11 git ,I 514\1 Iticm icm ("

541I II 1411 hutit tl~ii nh, lttI 4illilit be 14 pre i on4 jili ' ~il gs 'ttI. . 1

ma 14,14 01.11 Lablugul tliiit thsil.;iltdIcigl

..4.........~ 14.41.......... 4I4(tibei (Fig. 15 Than. ml............ The4444 44gd ofg papou ic5

XII iu' IT\ 51441 in ud41 .. ..... . ..... . 2 ( '11 41 114 1 4 4 , .1 41 14 li si 44 1 1 1 l i ll 441 41 4444 sm444 \( I I i l

JUNIF.. 1984 Nfnsquiio Nivss 269

12. Individual sperm ducts telatisely short, Co.), Gainesville, 2 2-VII-1980. tree trunk, D.not over 3 times length of stem of gen- Young. I (3, 2 9 (and 33 6, 44 2 progeny)ital fork................. L exatn (Fig. 8F (Alachua Co.). San Felasco Hammock, 16-IX-

Individual~ ~ ~ ~ spridcsoer5tms 8 1980. tree trunk, P. Perkins. 19 2 (Alachualengthidof sem dof geia oerk ... 1 Co.), Gainesville, VII to VIII-1981. light traps

I3. Antennal ascoids of flagellomere 11 (20 trap nights), D. Young. I 2 (St. Johns Co.),extending beyond end of flagellome e Anastasia State Park, 12-V-1979, flight trap, D.Individual sperm ducts relatively slen- Yong Georga-l 2 (Charlton Co.), Billy's Is-der as shown in Fig. It).. paihr (Fig. IlU) land. O)kefenokee Swamp, 16-IX-1965, lightAntennial asvoids of flagellomet e I I not trap, Vs. Newbhouse. Mexico. (.ampehe-1 2.extending to end of flagell]omerc. I di- Matamnoros, 20-1-1944, L. Vargas.vidual sperm ducts widet . as shoss in tO(hiapas-l Y, L~a (;ranja, VI11-1930, 0)) otherFig. II....... .. ........L (ppidana (Fig. 11) data. 8 2, lapachula, XII-194 I, M. Macias.

SUB(;I:NL'S~ 2.NAIY Palenqlue, 31-111-1951. Shannon trap., G.SuBGN~sl~t17O~flI FR~ySFairchild and R. Hartmann. 1 2 , Finca

1. Lulzomvyia (Lutzors'a) crurtata Coquillett, Fig. Guadalupe, Zaiu. 24-X-1940, Diaz Najera. 1 2.2. Santa Maria, Cintalapa. lI-IV-1951. G. Fair-

child and R. Hartmann. Hidalgo-! 2. nearFlebolonms cructw Coquillett 1907:102 (2, Santa Ania, 15-IX-1955, P. Galindo and H.

Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz. G;uatemala). iapido. Quintana Roo-I 2. Centote Azul,8-X- 1954. P. Galindo and H. Trapido. San Luis

Phlebotomu.s crucial t: Barrett)) 1947:194 (full Po1(01-2 2. lamnazunichale. VI- 1942, M.refs.). Fairchild and Hertig 19 48a:247 (2 tax.. Macias. Taboasco-5 2, Arroyo Expangale. VI1refs.). Biagi and Biagi 195 3a: 3 15 (dist., habits, to 7 ViII-1941, M. Macias. 23 Y, "Feapa. 1V totax.. Mexico). Vargas and Diaz NA era 1953:3 10 XI-1953. R. Alegria and Figueroa.(dist., Mexikco). Fairchild and Hertig 1953:377 Guatemnala-Escuintla- 3 5., N of Escuintla.(d, Y, tax.). Fairchild 1955:192 (listed). Rosabal 17-V-1945, tree buttresses, G. Fairchild.1954:22 (tax.. Costa Rica). Fairchild and Hertig Peten-1 2, Tikal, 17-IV-1960, biting man, E.1959:12 (dist.. Central America). Rosabal and McConnell. 2 5S. 22 km S of San Francisco,Trejos 1964:167 (El Salvador records); 7-V-1980, tree buttresses, C. Porter. 1 2. Finca1965:222 (El Salvador), Biagi et al. 1965:267 el Zapote, 8-IX-1980, light trap. C. Porter.(coil. data, Mexico). Biagi 1966:368 (keyed). .Solola-l 2, Finca St. Basilio, no date, Morales.

Belize, I 2, 56 kmi SW Belize City on road toBrumptomyia cruciata: Lewis 1965:375 (internal Roaring Creek. 6-X-1955, biting man. P.structures, Belize) Galindo and H. Trapidlo. El Salvador. San

Miguel-4 6, San Jorge, IX-1966, 1967 andLutzom ' ia cruciala: Theodor 1965:182 X-1967, light traps, F. Blanton. I d Moncagua,

(classification). Williams 1966:365 (transmission 9-XI 1.1966. light trap, F. Blanton. Sanof Leishmania mexicana, Belize). Disney 1968:267 Vicente-1 2, Santo Domingo, XI-1966, light(as senior synonym of L. diabolica). Williams trap, F. Blanton. Sansonate-I 2, Armenia, I-1970:33 (summary of coil. data, Belize). Lewis 1967. light trap. F. Blanton.1971:538 (listed, Florida). Young 1972:63 Honduras. Allantica-3 5, 40 9, Tela Lan-(Florida records). Forattini 1973:243 (tax.. (list., cetilla Valley. 12-XI-1953 and 24-111-1954 torefs.). Eads 1978:538 (listed). Martins et al. 7-VI-1954, light traps, biting man and tree1978:121 (dist. records). Young et al. 1981:446 trunks, W. Hils. Francoco Morazan-2 (3. 1 2.,(larval food). Endris et al, 1982:401 (rearing Zamorano, III and 8-VI-1966. light traps, J.data). Zeledotn et al. 1982:276 (dist. records, Matta and F Blanton. Nicaragua. Carazo-2 53,Honduras). 5 2, Guapinolar, VIII.X-1953, A. Adamnes.

KNOWN DISTRIKUTION: Panama to SE Mexico (jhoniales-3 d, 2 2. Villa Samoza, V and IX-and USA. Florida (Alachua and St. Johns coun- 1953, P. Galindo and H. Trapidlo. Alana-ties); Georgia (Charlton Co.), Fig. 18. gua-l 2. Casa Celorado near Managua. XII-

MATE:RIAL. EXAMINED: USA. Florida-I 2 1953. biting man. J. Boshell.(Alachua Co.), San Felasco Hammock, 23-V- Costa Rica. Cartago-l 2, Turrialba. Il-Il-1960, light trap, F. Blanton. 1 2, same data but 1952. Shannon trap. R. Rosabal and M. Hertig.VI-1964. 5 2. same data but 14-V to 30-X- 1 2. Turrialba. oin horse. 2-V- 196 1, R. Rosabal1967. 1 9, same data but 14-V- 1970, flight trap. and M. Hertig. Giianaca,%te-l 5s. Lagartos, atD. Young. 1 2, same data, but 9-VIII-197l, (;uanacaste-Ptintarenas b)order, 13-XII-1951.light trap, D. Young. 8 9, same odata, but 11- tree buttress, R. Rosabal.IV-1975 and 254IV to 23-V-1977, flight trap. Panama. Boca del Toro-2 d, 2 2. Altnirante.H. Greenbaum and G. Fairchild. I 2 (Alachua 19-22-VI-1950, tree buttresses. R. Hartmann.

270 Mo~sqt Ili Nt\\s Vol_ 44, No. 2-PARi 11

I c5 12 Y9 Abriirarie. l9-Vs' to 18-MI-1951. [)lood mueals onl the arm of'a human volunteerteeC buttreCsCs a lSt SI ii ra. Q 1 ( t-j,.Q iioes. dIin 'g at 1-3 minute perioid. Their hi ~es were

1 9 . Al toira tit'. 6-1l1-1I952. bitintg man, .A. quite paintf ul when e imp-ired to those of L.Qu i Puous .1 C ia I / Ili- I 9. R i de Mcd Iio at \han noun. All 18 females died wit hIout depositing(.atutn Riv. 13-V1I9419. liolboNs tree. R. eggs and most lived 2.9 -± 2.4 days after tap-Hartmtannti. 2 35 Madd .betn F west. ll 11-I19nI title [he specimens that took hiu man bloodatid 25-Il1-1952. light trap atid lice buttress, M1. tmeals survived from 6 to 8 days but none hadFeit'ig. R. Rosabal anid R. Hlart iintt. mtature eggs when dissected. Lab-reared fe-

males wNere given the opportunity to feed ol1)1si t ss tI1 Bo thI sewt' of L (ridmia Ill l Inl i(t oi t nmerous occasions but nione, i nclud-

NI it Amiit as t i tt iels small eves ( Fig. inrg t ho se that h ad ovi posited 1- 7 days previ-2) wlteti I IInipmtt tI il those 1tf ~L . lridtiam( frott otislv. did So.the tiel t ii lms andil L -diail/a a ( Fig. 3). Ibhis Lb letc is little eviletwe ind(ati ng that!.. uti -

b .i tautc erSta1te anttd thle slight]Is t li ic'r setaie ofI nal~ is at nat ural secto r of tu taneou. s leish -thle soxite. tuft of Flot il.t tliales suipport the idea tiattiasis ILei'hinania Pnexiallna) inl Belizetiat itIeIii lc l j popuiIl at of L.. mvuala1 is a ti (Will ia ins 1 97(0). Williams II1966., h owevet-.i ilalc t on ~thct at iiias ftave been dclti Sil froniti dllil st rated that Lei~oh mania mexiuanpa m r~li Iti t ilv 1 sto01k thai t lea te i It lit lte( Gulf plies and deveb Ips itt L. cructuda femiales atnd that

of M\It oI (oastail pla.int into Flllilla atnd ( euii- exhtetiliietitalN -itle( Ieil flies t-anismitted tilegiii It is also pllssibli t11t1t indiiislutals entered pat-asite b\ Itite tolta hutuati volunteet.Florila I, i tlossitg the Gulif of \Ie\it i. polssil

witb the aidi of fli I ie wittls. bitt this is\- 2. 1.iazharm (i l tawram) diabhaica (Hall). Fig. 3.pltl iesis wtetns less Ii kel 5. ha zwlnywl frim iw/ t Phl'iII/,btii sp.: Pat- mant 191I9:2 11 (iin g

E'.\iitg popl~tionlts ofI L. pio(I& paaiibill i P/il'/n,/,pmo diibliool H~all 1936:28 (3, Y,Mtid ( .eotgia art' gi'ogt lapitiials isolated f ott Us alde. Uvalide Co., lexas). 1.itd(qUiSt 1936:29Ithose it ll "ulttit'tttta \tco.ill ( n Cetital (life cs\tle. biof. . descript . ituiatures. Sonora.Xt ier it, a a td it iliIis nti Itplpeal rt fat ft is spel ies S t t (lt Co., I ex as teilrd) . [)anipI 1938 :12 1prttset tll tmils ili stma it' ostt f Flo(ipIda (I l i (metion1(). RI Ichill tf 1944 :274 (listed). A ddisIi tldi titi \fex ill L Ii/zpIoi51ly p mia/a an tL . pia - 94 Sa :328 ) keyed) I1945b: 119 (tax.). Packciatt-bndipa liais alb patl- nciit ibtio ill [ tic U i'iS A iani 1 946:37 (listed). Ba rtettII 1947:197 ( refs.(Fig. 18) liiit the extet o f thteirI geo gra plt (itdis- Fai rb i Id andi Hrit 1,I

9 48a :25 (comrpar-ed to1 L.tribri ioos ill NMex ii has nlo t betti I etiti tni oed. g~o-zi an tL nit iaa 1 lb u int el al. 14949: 199

1. ti/:pMy (rtjo/ (kiltIIs Ilia iiiIsii i tl S (lla rs (li stied). Vait g i i[) i a tll N a ira 195 31b:3 I1Ianrd pttit ani hard\\o is)o111 (iss liit L. diabfiu/ua ( Mcxiii). I-ut ii Id tn ItI1 lirig 195310:75 (6,has beit found ill dts. s omeltimies treeless It- Y. lt'ewd idc Strp. t i tels.). Qlaalt' 1955:242

I litics (ct.g. area Iof ( .itlk. lexas). ( kesecd. tel s. 1 ii l1( antd H ettig 1 959:123All of t1..(ruia/a fe itales Itot Floidita anid (dIi st.. \cx ii I). I eo.is anid ( a rohiatt 19~59:-86

( .e(i gia has e a ppi lalte lolte ii eathsidle If the ontiittIUron. F'ads e t il. 1965:251I (listed)I. Qitate9th abdo~intal tergite (Fig. 21)). Iblis lmo(diitai- 1965:92 ( listei). E astitn et al.- 1968:466 1 Brac-iii n is a Ibsenit iii fetm ales of L. diaboahpa. L. gaoinl'i kettiile mata. Kinntes- Clo , -Vex as).(Nitz.- and i sow L' . criuia/oa femtalIes From Lu/ pnv ia dmbia ~pa: h ill lit 1 965 :1I82NMexit. (Gutat etmala. HIo(illuras atid N ilagrta. (listed (. I isites 1968 :267 (ats iuii il r ss tim In5 oi f

I I] Bel i/e. Lewis ( 1965) o bserveid thIat 964 Iof L imloiaa (-ilai N A jela 197 1:6)2 ( i alhitilaI 11 ir(i/attt ea les d isseiterd wecre parou s, thits St ate, Mex ill ) Fortii 1~I973:252 (Fig.. tax.- .itiil iig thatl the( Spcie' s no ilrmially auth- Erritis (i al. 1982:40! (rteredcil i labotatots(.getii ii . Per k i s (1982) t'stabli shed aI labI IrallN hars'i l (l~InV rnoaala it lip n aa(x iii I let i 19017:(()]oif]% of L. ruclia irotti at grasill fetmale tol- Rosaltal anid Milli 197(1:180(6, Y keyed).cited tteal r (a i iessil It ( Alachuta (o.). Flo(ridla. Martinis an til I tales Y'.rias I1972:365 (in pal rt

- \II feltics from (lit( he, t I high F1j~ getitatjolts 1it..Yountg 1 972:61 (i part, I c .is ivei d ).were aito geitiitts an dt e ltpo sited 35.8 ± 1 3.5 C ilshii et l -ll 1977:1)) 100 (Br. rts\ siI I. I ex as) -i'ggs (I .itige 1-601). 3- II) days flillowilg Fails 1978:539 (Ini pait. listed. t els.). Mart Iins et

eitelgen t. ( )illi' weailing idata biased lth iis all. 1978:121 ulist -. levxas antd Mcxii o(.i(ololni are giseti It Perkitis (1982). (Jtatiiotis 1978:19 (Inliiioti).

Fightccil 'l I tta i' of I. mu/aall 1(1 IiititI 1.h/ilmvla Prtiiva diabohp (Iea isI975:5(19il CDCl light taps neatl G.aitnesv-ille (Sligat-f'oot (Ilottilipat tilirphil.(Iltittlilik) itt A\ugitst atild Septemlber, 19801 (8 KNossx lustIltIltIix1O: SW M\Ieiio 1li t'SA

itap nigits(. Fiii' of itin. Iteld iiia 1201 il lTsp (Atailsa., Bexao. ( ;.tttltoi, (oll t I'll-feeditig tIi,ti11tb.i I Fiiltis i .i1. 19M2). took watris, G ille'spie. Nale. Mitmtes, I atn., Medinia.

jti 1984 %1\ti ilo N tws 271

N neces. Sutton. Voin Green. - iravi s. I valdt' numbn er front 8 toi 23 (x = 16)),n .111(- no nitiand V al Verde cou nties), Fig. 18. ofi veltiWa t eeth Ii the feil ibii 1u it'l

MAFriiAt. EXAMINED: USA. iexn - I 9 (Atas- froi8 to 2 1) Ohr titt's 1Uldiicosa Co.). Poteet (USNNI). 9 9 (Bexar Co.). the sperinathecae. (hjtinous archi of theCamp Bullis, 16-VI- 1965. light traps. D). Young. cibarinin and nonibei of'epistetnal setac. w ereI 9 (Cameron Co.). Laguna Atascosa Wildlife studiiedl. From his analysis, hie (oorled thatRefuge, 26-I'- 1965. light trap. R. Eads. 1 Y variation amocng his material was infraspeth(Comnal Co.). Canyvon Lake, 14-X- 1971. biting anl( that the name din/rn/icn should he 'suppres-mnan. 140)) hrs., R. Wilkerson. 20 Y (Edwards sed. at least as a specific epithet.'Co.), 6 kml N of- Barksrlale. V- 1982, at light. P. Ini the USA andI \Ieio, however, there are 2La~vver et al. 5 6. 5 Y (Gillespie Co.), Fredter- distinct foms that canl be identified ats L. din-icksburg, VII to IX- 1968 and V- 1969. light bolitn and 1_. cruciata and which are easils cIistin-traps. H. Botchers. I Y (Hale Co.). Plainview, gu-ished by the characters given in thie Less.VII-197 I, light trap. VEF. Sulrve T-eam. 2 Y Disne% (1968) was correct in assigning his Belize(L.lano Co.), Lake Buchanan. 17-V 11-1966. light specimens to the latter species: L. dia/rn/u is nottrap. D. Young. 1 3 , 6 Y ( Medina Co.), known to occur there or in other 00th iesD'Hanis, 28-29-IX- 1983, light traps. P. Lawser. south of Mexico but theie is at good I)ossiliilito,1 9 ( Nueces Co.). Corpus Christi. biting mian that populations exist inl westerni ( uittei dl(USN NI). I Y ([ravis Co.). Austin. (USN NI). ILutznm n ia din/rn/un ts vers (til k; titllt[1 itl (If2 3, 14 9 (L'yalde Co.), Garner State Park. each sex is ats d1ark as the scttinm unlike L.I17-1965. 1). Young. 500+ Y, samne data but crucinbn wshic~h hits itpale 1lt'tili. I hert stt is2- VI to 28 VI- 1982, in latrines, biting Mall, to be 01) SinOgle. (OnSiSten Si tic LIt Illil dif Wlcflight and light traps. P. Lawyer et ill. 2 d, 20) 9 betwseeti the 2 species although tile UtliUS(Val Vetde Co.). Comstock . V III -1I97 1, J . papilIlate lobes of t h 9thI tcrgit' anie pI tseni inReinert, X'EE Survey ["eam. Mexico. (diihun. all I.. ruciaa females f10ont the USA atnd itt 83,hu - I 6,. 1 9Y, 4.5 kin SE H idal go dlel Pa rral . (1) 81 Iof L. fluelt/ femlales frIott M\1 e cl and1(22-VII11- 1975. U'V lighi trap. W. Sit ilin (1.CR). Cetil Amitica. F-emales of L.. din/"'/on Lu k.M1orn-3 (3, 3 9, Niacatlein, I V-V- -19801. flight slit. hlobeIs.trap. M. Ca mino. ilhe ria io oif fte le'ngt h o1 flagel littere I to

ADDtwrioNAL RECOtRDS: Tiexns-2 Y ( oin thle head height (flag. I/head height) of L.. dia-G;reen Co.). Sail Angelo ResersI i r I IN-VI -1968. bo/ica fetnales ranges toit (0.45 to (0.61I (ii = 3 Iflight trap, V. Newhouse. x )053. SD1) 0.032); thai for- males ranges

DtSCUSStON: Addis (1945h) reclescribed L,. fromt 0.52 to 0.63 (if = 5, ; 0.568, 51) =diahn/jrn f'ro m topotypir specimieins. noi ting t hal i (1)I. Ini fem alIes of L . rmob(i femle s tioi ithe feirtale had 6 hori,.ontal teeth ill tile Nlesitol I),it(etil Aitier ita (it 73), ithis ilatiocibariutn. Fairchild and Hertig 0 948ai. 1953b) 5,111(5 (11)11 (.61 to 0.88 (;\ 0.732, SI) =distinguished the inal Iof) this species fil un that 0 .1)56) that l it . (rucinbta ilales i liigts fll iof' L. rrurit by its more slender ejimuttir 0,.66 to 0.86 if = 25, ((0.756. SI) = (0.048).aptldeine with its cu p-shaped pro xi mal end and I hie 10111l)(' he f ot0 ill itdiI teetih Inl lie feTmleby the presence iof- fewer antd motle sletndeiti ibm iu of bo )1(1th spt'tit' ranges, I i ii 4 to 7.setae iof the goncoxal tuft. IDifferencs be- 1-etni'les. of I_ din/SI/un itl- agsio~ 5T5 t 11.itween the femnales of* L. diabohrn anld L.. mrrritn Iliteys, i i tking ymm1 1st IsfiliighiI t i 0lio S) lk Iwere inaitis thoise relatedi to the sue and to the dimsnw a,5 Nsell. I I(i timatl restillg andlnumbiler of* vertical ieeth in) tile cibma ~, the breedlintg sill's o ),, j)lt(sple ne5 .i Vt' itu At w I .

former species havirtg o1v1 8-10 heaots bilunt ( .int-i Statec Pal,tk I. \jldc (,0.. I t\,ts. aiboutteeth; the Litter with inoire icieous, snitller 1,50)) spl'etlitclis %Ilo llvil lol I'1)(it \l,ls illveriical teeth. Dorsolatetal. papillate lobes of t-Ill Isjitl 1100 o mlItc IllIdt 1,111 oflit atli(5.the ninth abdominal tergite were llbsersel fil Ih to' to it 1l' of fil5 l, 15I pr iic

1m )tti ille%,feimales of both species Iltt wsere less Itesellipelt I cxis. tiliiistw ill notlitot liimitl 1111ilo itsin L.. diaha/ica. )nl v 4 femaldes oif L.. dia/rn/un kiinvii giligiai .i~ti .iitgtIm (It- i i'npt i,ba t.were available to) these authors hit studsv. bIteefmd i toil I oll 111 thts 51111 (5 no flllhttitt I

Disnes (1946M) studied structural variation fi Il'.is. \Neil \Ii'xo " I )k1ittoln'nutileroti ales atid femialts's l.. (r num frot Inju tllliit I 36i midn I-ndlis, t ,1l. I19821

Belize, coticltiding that it wsas (iot possible toi ttato 1cnd efib/rn/l f it Ihc liliot ifl%. ili 0111111nsepar ate this species from L.. hiluli asetl on titihiji PIus ilitig infl liaitilon i its Ilift' \It'available criteria. tie observed thatl the pro IS .111i ddesc t iig t it'- Ifi 11 .tftii st igc s -ei),i Itsitnal end of the elatulatotv apocleiie was of the atie .ttntltnouno'tuit. ihlitii tial field stifiis ofl'1 ritln hi form"1 in 90'/r li: the Belize iiialt's ex - t Itis fpli' ll- i II Iiil c f 1111lit (% (ift is,

amninetl. [he basal gonlwoxal setae varied iii inaii-biiiting hiit. sold poii 11 To let is .1 StI lii

A-

272 Nlosc.2t ioN i %% s Vol.i .-4-1, Nc c. 2-SiR 11

of cuitaneolis leish illattiasis il le~as and not1 hl - MAi-t-Risi. NAMiNEi Ic: SA_ (Corud,,- I 3,elri1 Nlxico. 5 Y (1.arinir (C.). appr ox. -400 !t ceast of Hot -

sttoith Rcscixoii, light atnd oil traps. I8-NI IISPEIESGRUP 11;0AI EODRind1 84tX-1983. C. Moicr adi B. l-tancs.S~rii~ (,OI.P .II(0At I i-Otlii Iaihingfimc-3 d. 3 Y (holot vpt. allotvpe andi

3. Lutzomvi xc'iiiphila Youiing, Brten ner anid paia itvJcs) .-Nda i (Co.). Coilunmbia WildlifeW~argo. Fig. 4. Ref .Uge, Othello, VII -VIII -1959. 1960, R. Hill--

1. n vi vZeilY iop t1h ihi Yonitg. Brecn neri aniid %woiit.NWigo 1983:313 (3, Y. (Iahnillit Hills. Palm DiSt LSSION: I'he small median seta shown i oilDesert. Rise rsidc (C.. (Cli 61111ia ). tfie ma le go cii st vi ti (F-ig. 5A) is abhsenct ili thle

KNOcwx 1)1111 it LrioN: USA. (al/orcci other males of this species evtimitni. I-le fe-Rivserside (Co.). Fig. 1 9. Mall It'-1 spermtS is art iIIll 1lt td hi the first

NI-srcRIAL EX.siiNl U:SA.-. (ilicia-5 3, ~l till Iowinlg itn)IIIersioln Of thle SlideC-11ntctinted1 50 9 lclot vpe. icltv c nd1( parta vpes) spell mci iii 90% Iliqu id phecol cIictri one week.tvpe-lot-alits. 12-IX- 1980: 21l-V- 1981 to -4-X- Shemanchok eti al. (1978) citllccied 1061 98 1, CO-) traps. NI. Waigi . 2 6,. 24 9 ) River- speci melts of' 1. tquiiiii inl the huo ws ofl thetside (Co.). Ranitlo NIi rage. MIagne tsia Spriigs I it no t. A Ia iola fltia 'int ot mop/coca HiowellI.( - cn 16- 'I -1 981 CO,(( tipl R. Bretnnetr. dtiring at 3-sscar studx- inl Sonuthetin -Nlbert a. Flites

IiSc 1, sSiiN : Lulzi, nm \it io phi 1( is p roc- were cc lfected fri cm - ci golSi tic ( toher i Octteision ills plaetci tit- theigimo Gr-c ( 0m f I. 0(5- site, anmd inl ]I1lk ando A ugust at thle (Colutmbfiai

insa cc FIItc cii ir1965) cot tt bais of iitle anid Wiltdlife Refuge, Wash intgtoc n Staite (Fcitchildfemalet stnututis bu t it malt litks at suti ti- and H a woc d I 96 1. - I It e 5 pet mntits fricm

Itlinlt scul t i t~ciler gc cn sis hIs uinlike crthet miales Clor-adic wtte ticlletted netarc lests of AVctdcpmil tht gic op. F16is palIt spt it s is casil v i-ci g- 1stci clrats Ii ccaced inl ic ck ci its.iietd h\tsi1)e ia le a 'ist it sper t ic ite aOfc the- I h t ft-ed intg h1,cci s Of thtis Npt-(ieS Ic oCiitll ll-

itft attad 1s- tilt- italt-tet-ititalia. Initiaspecif it klitoi.Vaiaiitiic Ocf tilt' 66cicril .1-itiUit C ofetICales issitomi in F-ig,.-1 St w.1-x\s1 stiohol-c .\tlis

S pet-imn hit\-(-5ll been ittakei kti ccli t ( A )-. it ldjsitlt ht- (Colctic IDtst-rt ccf Ris tiside Co.iS. Iutinmno (1)oinp/ttiny-i emc//iip/itco (Addiis).( ilfrii frcctt Mnc icc Ncc t'itt~t. Ncothintg is Fig. 6.knoic t abouit the( feudling habcits, iurnital l eslilig I'Ic-iio, min aplihc/iis A-ddis I 945t: I It)9sit's ot Icicclcgs cc this itterli ilesciillec spe- 9. Iilc. Uldillt Co.. l'exas): 1945t: 3 19lit's. (Ileating t,a tltstlilpt. itiltilt' stages):

St i(,i Ni ((R() it t Hkidr ~1945:328 (kccl) Packchtatiacr 19146:37 (refs.).Barretlto 1947:185 (refs.). I himimi et al.

-l.1.c u:iicnio ;icicc opia iqii/ta (oFai i-icili td In 1949:199 (li stetd) . Varga s andc Diiz Nii IdaHamiocct). Fig. 5. 1953a:46 (Mifihcaait StateN, Mxitco. tcitipaic

1'i/'/luirncmu tyu/iccmc Faiit cilci aind Haiil icc to L diig-i): I19531): 309) Nioccit cs State.l961l:211 (3. 9, (Coluimbiia Wild~life Refuge, Nexic). Qtait- 1955:242 (kevd rei c.fs.). Faii-O)thllc, -Niats Coc.. Washittgtcciii. Fa ;ds tI all. child and Hettig 1956:307 (list. kt std. tefs.):1965:25 (listedi). Hat% -ccl 1965:1 ilictalits ic.- 1959: 123 ( Ntit's eIc ) Stiltt- Mex itco). Fcattictlcd (is, Whitmnt (cco.. Washtingto n antd Sictithetit 1959):195 octarng data ftm c Ai ddis 1 9-45c.Alber. I Britisit Ccclumbclia. (Cnadai). Quate Chaticctis anid .-\tic.tscct 196-1:27 (mt~t'ionl).1965:9c 1 (listetl). Slit'titin k ti a]. 1978:1355 Qnuite 1965:91 (listill). Fails v( il. 1965:251

(St .isici (l ist., ill tiatiticct hLiicws. Poic (listed). FEisticit t]c. 1968 ,4fi6 )'it'siciio andtccccilc. Nlcett. ( .litc). Kicices Co. I It'xs ic l(INs).

/ atzamvia iqii/ia. Ihccdtcr 1965: 18.4 1.111zmcma aa//cnep/cioa: Barrettic 1962:95(listlld) R c .ial aitil Millet 19701:180) 3c, Y (listed). Ilieicdici16:9 lstd.cscccl.ickstil). Pctactfiti 1971:99 (listed). Marititns andcc Nillt't 197(1:18) (3. Y kceet). William,,sMcci tc.s I' ciais 1972:U15 (listed). Fcctattitci 19(:2(tt'tic).Ftaiti97:11 lstf.

19 73:2 12 (kesed, hticI tax. llisctiict). Yccnng 1972:6 1 (iit % occcitit Itcsts. I evis). Maci -:haciiccis I178:19 (listted) Mattitis cti cl. tilts antdm M cils-Faitiis i172:3W5 (listed).

1978:92 (clist.). Falls 1978:539 (lust., tefs.j. Fcciaii I173:122 ( tai\). ( .iliht ti al.Ycoung, l179:91 (listell). 1977:10001) ( titticci ( '0. 1 t'\.i IllIssic \ c1 -

K.Nils; Ix St HBUh iiN: G( L And t -llco atil m id c o Ric ian ;ltit ii s). \f~i tilts ci iL 197S:57Bitth (;ubriu, U'S-A. (Cih-did Lmi ~ Cc.); (cist.). Fails l178:539l (ilist.. t(-is). (:tCttcilsWo,/igimf (A-Nd1iiti and Wiitait c cctitcics). I178: 19) intenttion). Y'ouing ti al. 1981: :1-46 11,itFig, 19. sal foodl). FHANst' c. 182:101 (ict'd g cdat,.

JUNE, 1984 MosQuiTo NEws 273

lab. hosts). Endris et al. 1983:862 (transovarial (D.G.Y.) collected more than 600 specimens oftransmission of Rio Grande Virus). L. anthophora from a single woodrat den, east of

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to USA. Brownsville, Texas, on 31 May 1975. It wasTexas (Bexar, Cameron, Kinney, Medina, Pres- estimated that an equal number escaped cap-idio, San Patricio, Uvalde and Val Verde coun- ture. At that time, and in 1980, other specimensties), Fig. 19. were also discovered resting in or near small

MATERIAL EXAMINED: USA. Texas-I d, 3 9 rodent nests located underneath discarded(Bexar Co.), San Antonio, Lackland AFB, 20- lumber and cardboard. From tl-ese field associ-XI-1965, D. Young and C. Parrish. 3 9 (Came- ations and on laboratory observations. it is sus-ron Co.). Laguna Atascosa Wildlife Refuge, pected thatL. anthophora females feed primarily26-IV-1965, light trap, R. Eads (USNM). 1 6', on small mammals; suitable laboratory hosts in-1 2 (Cameron Co.), 12 km E of Brownsville, clude hamster (Addis 1945c), wllite mouse,i-1-1966, Neotoma nest, D. Young. 39 d, 8 9, squirrel (Sciurus), calf, rabbit, opossum (Didel-same data but V-1975. 2 9 (Medina Co.), phi.) and domestic pig (Endris et al. 1982). Fe-D'Hanis, 29-IX-1983, Neotoma nest, P. Lawyer. males feed to repletion and are gonotrophically2 Y (San Patricio Co.), 12 km E of Sinton, 10- concordant; 33 females (14%) out of 228 fe--VI-1966, Neotoma nest, D. Young. 4 9 (Uvalde males that survived first oviposition in the labo-Co.), Uvalde, 28-IX-1944, on rabbits, H. Brun- ratory took a second blood meal. Seven of thesedrett (USNM). 1 9 (Val Verde Co.), Del Rio, fed a third time and one took a partial fourtInIX-1963, light trap, R. Eads. Mexico. Morelos- bloodmeal before dying (Endris and Young,11 d, Miacatlan, 27-1V to 5-V-1980, flight trap, unpublished observations).M. Camino. Nuevo Len-I 6, 32 km NW of Addis (1945c) and Endris (1982) studied theMonterrey, 9-IX-1955, rock crevice, P. Galindo life cycle of L. anthophora in the laboratory. Tfieand H. Trapido. former author used a rabbit blood-garden soil

DIscussIoN. In addition to the material noted mixture for larval food; the latter used a corn-above hundreds of L. anthophora collected in posted rabbit feces-laboratory chow mixtureNeotoma woodrat dens near Brownsville, Texas (Young et al. 1981). At 28°C, the mean tilnein 1966, 1975 and 1980 were examined. from egg deposition to adult emergence was 49

The spermathecae with the unusual bubble- days (n = 72, Addis 1945c) but was only 39 dayslike evaginations (Fig. 61) and the distinctive in the later study (n = 41) (Endris 1982). Thesemale terminalia (Fig. 6A) readily distinguish L. conflicting results apparently were due to dif-anthophora from other species in North ferences in the larval diets. Addis (1945c) de-Ameiica. It is currently impossible to separate scribed the immature stages from reared mate-females of this species from those of L. dodgei rial.(Vargas and Diaz Nijera) from SW Mexico Endris et al. (1983) experimentally infectedwhere they are sympatric. Vargas and Diaz Nij- L. anthophora females with Rio Grande virusera (1953a) distinguished these females by dif- that was subsequently recovered from 54.8% offerences in the cibarial armatures and sper- their F, progeny. This was the first virologicallymathecae, characters thait were found in this confirmed demonstration of vertical transmis-study to be unreliable for species identification. sion of a Phleboviru by sand flies. Leishmania

Fairchild and Hertig (1956) believed that the inexicaim (WRAIR strain 411 from Texas) wasfemale of L. dodgei described by Vargas and successfully transmitted to non-infected SyrianDiaz Nijera (1953a) actually was a female of L. hamsters by the bites of experimentally in-anthophora. This conclusion was erroneously fected, laboratory-reared L. anthophora (Endrisbased on their study of specimens that were and Young, unpublished observations),later named L. atalupai by De Leon (1971), notL. dodgei (Porter and Young, unpublished ob- SURGEN S PsAT4rYROst4 BAR{RETT(servations). Thus, L. anthophora and L. dodgeiwill key out together in couplet 2 of Fairchild (= Species Group shann.onj)and Hertig's 1956 key to the species of 6. Lutzomvia (P~athryomyia) shanrmni (Dya a, Fig.Dampfomyia. 7.

Addis (1945b) reported L. anthophora females Phlebotomwi shannoni Dyar 1929: 1*1 (d, Canofeeding on domestic rabbits at Uvalde, Texas. Saddle, Gatun Lake, Panama. Canal Zone). Bar-No specimens were taken on other hosts or retto 1947:222 (full refs., sy'nonyms). Thurtnanfrom suspected resting sites. Young (1972) et al. 1949:109 (biting man1, Florida). Fairchildfound both sexes of this species in the dens of and Hertig 1950:523 (tax. review, Geotgia rec-woodrats, Neotoma micropygus Baird, and con- ord). Vargas and Dia7: Nijera 1953b:.312cluded that adults were present throughout the (Mexican records). Snow 1955:515 (biting man,year in South Texas. Subsequently, one of us Tennessee). Quate 1955:242 (keyed, refs.).

274 NlosLtin Ntss \ol. 44, No. 2-PARr I

Fairchild 1955:192 (classif.). Eads et al. 1965:21 1 3. 1 9 (Gadsden Co.), 5 km SE Quincy, 23-(mention). Hanson 1968:78 (descript. larva. 24-VI-1980, tree trunk and light trap, D.pupa). Young and P. Perkins. 2 9 (Hernando Co.),

Phlebotomu limi Fonseca 1935- 1936:61 (9. Brooksville, 18-VI-1980, light trap. W. Kramer.Sao Paulo, Brazil). Rozeboom 1944:274 (rec- 1 9 (Jefferson Co.). Monticello, 2-VI-1969,ords from Alabama, Mississippi and North light trap. W. Whitcomb. 184 (3, 60 9 (LevyCarolina). Addis 1945a:328 (keyed). Packcha- Co.), Gulf Hammock, IV-1980 to IX-1981, treenian 1946:38 (USA records). trunks, P. Perkins and D. Young. I 36, 2 9 (Lib-

Lutzomivia hannron Barretto 1962:99 (as type- erty Co,). Torreva State Park, 19-V-1971, lightspecies of subgenlus Psathvromvia). Theodor trap, G. Fairchild and H. Weems. 1 9 (Marion1965:189 (listed. figures male and female, Co.), 7 km S of Ft. McCoy, 7-VIII-1971, treeclassif.). Rosabal and Miller 1978:180 (keyed. trunk, 1). Young and S. Telford. 15 3, 35 9coil. data Louisiana, man biting record). Young (Wakulla Co.), Wakulla Springs, i-V-1980, light1972:61 (coll. data, Florida). Forattini 1973:294 and flight traps. D. Young. Georgia-94 3. 16 9(tax. review). Zeledon and Alfaro 1973:416 (Chatham Co.). Ossabaw Island, 3-4-VIIf-1983,,'naturally infected with promastigotes). Lewis light traps. R. Roberts. 1 3 (Clinch Co.), Edith.1975:502 (mouthpart morphol.). Eads 13-IX-1975, tree trunk. D. Young..1978:540 ((list.. refs.). Chaniotis 1978:19 (rrel- Louiwiaa-l 3 (DeSoto Parrish). Mansfield,tion). Martins et al. 1978:109 (dist., refs.). ViI1-1971, light trap. J. Reinert. NorthYoung 1979:117 (refs.. tax.). Young et al. Caroliua-19 3, !1 9 (Hoke Co.), Ft. Bragg,1981:446 (larval foo)d). Endris et al. 1982:401 7-V to IX-1979. light traps, R. Intermill. South(rearing methods). Christensen and deVasquez Carolina-50 c3. 28 9 (Richmond Co.), Ft.1982:243 (natural hosts, Panama). Jackson, 3-V to IX-1978, 1979, light traps. R.

KNOW.N DISTRIBUTION: Argentina to USA. Al- Intermill.atarn (Dale, Dallas, Lauderdale and Lee coun- Aoorro .s RfORDS (all from Dr, V.tics). Arkaonai (Garland, Jefferson and Union Newhouse, in light traps). Arkan~a%-I 9counties). Delaware (New Castle Co.). Florida (Union Co)., El Dorado, 21-V-1966.(Alachua, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Gadsden, Fhlrida-3 9 (Collier Co.), Corkscrew Swamp,Hternando,Jefferson, Levy, Liberty, Marion, St. 11-12-1X-1965. i 9 same data but 9-VI-1967.Johns and Wakulla counties). Georgia (Charlton, 11 3, 22 9 (Dade Co.), Mahogany Swamp,Chatham, Clinch and Ware counties). Louisiana Everglades National Park. all months except for(Calcasiea, DeSoto, Jackson, Morehouse. Or- March and May, 1964-1968. 1 (3, 3 9 (Dadeleans. Rapides. St. Martin, St. Tammany and Co.), Royal Paln Hammock, Everglades Na-West Feliciana parishes). Maryland (Anne tional Park, 15-16-XI-1964; 28-29-1%V-1965 andArtindel and Wicomico counties). Mississippi 4-11-1969. Georgia-2 9 (Ware Co,). Waycross,(Hancock and Hinds counties). North Carolina Laura Walker State Park, 31-V111-1965. 1 (3,(Hoke. Jones. Onslow, Richmond and Duplin i 9 (Charlton Co.), Billy's Island, Okefenokeecounties). South Carolina (Richmond Co.). Ten- Swamp. 8-X-1965. Loui ana-i 9 (Orleansnesee (Lake Co.), Fig. 19. Parrish), Kenner, 4-V111-1966. 1 9 (Orleans

MATERIA. ExAMrNE: USA. Alabama-I 3 Parrish), New Orleans, 25-X-1966.(Dale Co.), Ft. Rucker, 23-IV to l1-VI-1981, Maryland-4 3. 1 9 (Anne Arundel Co.),light trap. pvnt. med. personnel, US Army. 4 3, Annapolis,22-lX-1966. i 9 (Wicomico Co.),1 9 (Lee Co.). Chewacla State Park, 22-V, 5-X Willards, 4-VIII-1968. .%tfioippi--2 3. 37 9and 15-16-X-1976 light trap, J. (;lick. (Hancock Co.). Bay S(. Louis, 26-1V; 30-VIII:Arkansa.s--I & (Garland Co.), Hot Springs, 4-28 to IX-19 and 5-X-1967. NorthVI 11-1971. light trap. J. Reinert. 1 3, I 9 (Jef- Carolina-I d, 1 9 iJones Co.). Trenton, 17-ferson Co.), Pine Bluff, V1I1-1971, light trapJ. IX-1965. I d. i 9 (()nslow Co.), Jacksonville.Reinert. Dela'ware-I 9 (New Castle Co.), 7 km 9-19-IX-1965. 1 9 (Duplin Co.), Rose Hill.N of Wilnington, I-VII-1981, tree trunk. R. 4-5-VI11-1965.Johnson. Flor.;da-3() 9 (Alachua Co.). San DIsCUsSIoN: () y selected referencesFelasco Hamnock, 8-V-1969. light trap, I). to L. %hannomi are given here. Forattini (1973',Young. I 9 (Alachua Co.). Gainesville. 6-XI- Martins et al. (1978) and Young (1979) provide1975, tree trunk, 1). Young. 230 3, 105 9 additional references and synonyms.(Alachua Co.), sane site, IV-1980 to X-1981, There are no records of this species in Texastree trunks and ho'lows, P. Perkins. 12 3, 92 9 or in northern Mexico, north of Puebla State(Alachua Co.). River Styx near Loohahoosa. 30- (Martins et al. V,78). The magnitude of- thisIIl to 2-iV- 1982. ()., baited light tap, C. Atkin- distributional gap may be partly due to the lackson. 8 3, 5 9 (Columlbia Co.), Oleno State Park, of collecting but. more likely, it reflects the ab-IX/'1973 and IX-IO75. tree trunks, D. Young. sence of extensive hardwo)d forests, the pre-

jLV.t 1984 Mosqt i<o Ntw.s 275

terred nacrohabitat of this species. Future col- Leihmania brazilien.%i aiiong these reservoirlections in east T'exas may reveal its presence hosts in Panama.there. [he new records from Maryland and Lutzomvia shannon| has not been found in theDelaware represent the known northern distri- endemic focus of Lei.%hmaotia mexicana in Texas,butional limits of L. shannoni. but experinentally-infect ed L. shannoni females

Both sexes of L .shannoni from the USA and (WRAIR strain 411 from Texas) transmittedthe neotropics (from southern Mexico to north- the parasite to non-inflated hamsters by biteern Argentina) are remarkably similar in (Lawyer and Young, npublished data). Per-structure. There is little or no morphological kins (1982) reported tnat 26/27 lab-reared fe-variation (Rozebom 1944). In terms of anth- males became infectedJ with this strain afterropophilic behavior, however, Fairchild (1955) feeding on infected hamsters. Zeled6n and Al-and others have noted that females bite humans faro (1973) found unidentified promastigotesmore connonlv in the USA and Mexico than in 4/117 (3.4%) wild-caught L. shannoni femaleselsewhere, in Costa Rica, and later Zeled6n et al. (1979)

Rosabal and Miller (1970) collected 530 males identified other flagellates recovered from thisand 233 females from tree hollows in Louisiana. sand flv as Eudotrypanuin sp. and Lei.shrtuniaNo parasites were observed in 29 females dis- herrez, both sloth parasites.sected. Perkins 1982) dissected 414 male and166 female L. shannoni front 2 localities in . Lutzomyia (Pathyromyia) tan 'upu. Young andFlorida (Gulf and San Felasco Hammocks) and Perkins, n.sp., Fig. 8.

found acephaline gregarines in 3 males (0.7%) Holotype 9 (measurements in am). Wing

and 15 females (9.1%). Three iites, pro- le~igth 2.28; width 0.66. Most of insect lighty

visionallv identified as Eustigmoe sp., were pigmented. pleurovi slightly paler than scutum.found attached to the abdonens of 2 female Head from vertex to distal end of clvpeus 0.50)

flies. The ovary of one female was parasitized high; 0.38 wide. Vves nall, separated by 0. 15

by a small unidentified nematode. One fernale or by a distance = to al)out 6.8 facet diatiemers.

L. shannoni collected oin 17-VI1-1981, Gulf Flagelloinere I 0.'27 long, combined length of!

Hanmock, had thousands of relatively large + II1 = 0.23; ascoids present on all flagello-

unidentified flagellates in the muidgut and ineres except las' (flag. XIV), each ascoid with a

foregut but not in tile mouthparts. [he fly was long proximal spur. Labruni 0.34 long. Lengths

dissected 9 days after it had fed oi main, but iO of palpoineres: 1, 0.05; 2, 0.17 3. 0.19; 4, 0.13;

signs of human disease were subsequently ob- 5, 0.31; with abiout 12 sensilla at middle of pal-

served. The midgut of a dissected male L. shan- pomere 3. Cib arium with 4 short equidistantly-

,nli from the same locality contained relatively spaced horiz( tntal teeth, middle pair in wardl,

small flagellates that were probably nionoxen- directed and outer pair santed outwardly; an

ous. Farther studies are being made to charac- irregular rov of about 10 small vertical teeth

terize these flagellate infections, present; cib arial arch complete but more dif-

Perkins (1982) established a laboratory col- fuse in nidLdle: pigment patch subtriangular,

onv ofL. %hannonm from field-collected females wider posti -riorly. Pharynx 0.20 long, without

in Florida (Endris et al. 1982) and provided spines. Ple, iron with 6 upper and 4 lower epis-

information otn its life cycle and biology. ternal seti te. Lengths of wing vein sections:

Females normally deposit as many as 40 via- alpha* 0.3 6; beta 0.34; delta 0.04; gamma 0.47.

I~ogh -i enrtba n aiasi as fo(I-ble eggs without having had a previous loengths femora, tibiae and has05; tai 0.88,

bloodmeal. Only 12 (3.4%) of 349 reared, non- lows: fr, eg, 0.85. 0.83, 0.50; midleg. 0.88,bloodied females failed to develop full formed 1.02, 0.54: hindleg, 0,98, 1,32, 0.63. Spe-

bedfebiathe failedday toldlop fulle mednce tnathecati spherical with basal annulations; i-eggs by the fourth day followitng emergence, dividual ducts smooth walled, about 8X lengthAutogenous females with developing eggs alsotok multiple bloodineals between ovipositions, of cornon duct.

beginning 24 hours post-emergence. l.abora- Kov'.x DISoRIt'IOiN: USA. Aiizona (Pitnatory hosts included man, pig, hamster, squirrel (o.), Fig. 20.utld ig hmser suire :\ I F'RIAI EXMNI:) USA . Anz.ina-H-/h-(Siurt.). calf, horse, opossunm ()idelphis) and

(log (Endris et al. 1982). Christensen and de- -

Vasquez (1982), using the precipitin test Iotr *apu = leni,th of R2 froni its junction with R3

bloodmeal determination in Paitaina, demon- to (osl a (see Fig 2B).beta = Length of R frIn jumition of R2 and R, to

strated that L. shannont feeds onl it variety of junmton with R4mammals, some birds bilt no reptiles. Females delta = length of R, extending be,,ond junction offed on sloths more than any other mammal R2 ati(I R,.species, and the authors suggested that L. sh&a- ga mra = lengi h of R fromin origin ot R. to origin ofnoni may play a role in the transmission of R.-: and R4.

276 MOSQUIrO N~sss VOL. 44, No. 2-PART If

type Y (Pima Co), Sabino Canyon. Coronado light traps. F. Blanton and H. Borchers. 32 5,National Forest, 9..VIII-1953, light trap. G. 45 9 (San Patricio Co.), Welder Wildlife Ref-Butler'(USNM). Papatypes, 2 9. same data. uge, 5-XII-1965, armadillo burrow, D. Young.

Dist:6IstON: We te ntatively place L. tan yapsis 4 53, 13 9, same data but 29-V- 1980, D. Youngwtskc st.bgenus Psath'vrontia because of the long et al. 6 53, 9 9 (Uvalde Co.), Garner State Park,proximaj -purs of the antennal ascoids and the 18-V-1965, light trap, D. Young. 6 5, 12 9.cibarial ajn'ture. The spermathecae. however, same data but VI-1982, light trap, armadillodiffer in structure from those of other burrow and in latrine. 5 cT, 4 9 (Val VerdePsathvropmvia females arid from those of the Co.), Del Rio, IX-X-1963. light traps, R. Eads.neotropical species L. aclvdifera (Fairchild and Mexico. Murelo.s-2 (5, 71 9, Miacatlan, 9-IV toH-ertig), L. direisbachi (Causey and Damasceno) 5-VI- 1980, flight trap, M. Camino. San Luisand L. hermanlenti (Martins. dlaSilva and Falcdo), Polosi-EI Salto Falls, 17-VI- 1969, light trap, W.that also have long proximal spurs on the as- Hasse. Hond uras. Coan - 15(, 1 Y. Sa nta Rosa.coids. The undiscovered male of L. tanvopsis also IV-1964 and 5-V-1966, light traps. F. Blantonprobably will have ascoidal spurs and other and J. Matta. Cornavagua-1 5, Siguatepeqlue,features that should r(-adily associate it with the IV-1967, light trap, F. Blanton.female and determine its definite placement in DISCUSSION. Lutzornyia texana is one of thethe genus. largest species in North America. The wing

The specific name. "tanyopsis." is a Greek length of females ranges from 2.55 to 2.93 iniword meaning long face or long in appearance (n =9) and of the males from 2.30 to 2.57 mm(see Fig. 8A). (n =9) (all from Texas).

The poorly preserved specimens from Hon-

SP~ciI~s GROUP .4MGA 01 THEOOR duras were tentatively identified as L. lexana.They might actually represent L. harretlit,

8. Lutzom 'via texana (Danyipf). Figs. 9, L4,and 17. majuscula Young, a closely related species oc-Phiebotomas texanus Dampf 1938:119 (5, 9, curring in Colombia and Central America. It

San Antonio, Bexar Co.. Texas). Rozoeboom has not been established where, or- if' popula-1944:274 (listed). Addis 19'15h:328 (keyed). tions of these 2 species meet in CentralPackchanian 1946:37 (lisved). Barretto America. Structural differences between these1947:226 (refs.). Thurman et al.' 1949:199 taxa are slight and mnax reflect intraspecific(listed). Vargas and Diaz Naij era 1953b:313 variation of a single widespread species.(Mexican records). Fairchilol atid Hertig Lutzornyia texana was first collected in a nest of*1953:21 (keyed). Fairchild 195 5:195 (listed). the leaf-cutting ant, Vatt texana, near San An-

'Quate 1955:242 (keyed. refs.); I1 ,'65:92 (listed). tonio, Texas (Dampti 1938). Eads et al. (1965)lpads et al. 1965:251 (col,. data. J 'exas). Easton excavated a number of" Atta nests nlearei al. 1968:466 (Kinney Co., Texi is). Brownsville, Texas, but failed to recover larvae

Lutzomivia texa no: Barretto 196',:99 (listed), or resting adults of L. texana. Light trap LatchesTheodor 1965:186 (classif.). Rosabi. il and Miller by these authors. how'.ever, showed that adults1970:180 (keyed). Young 1972:61 (coil. data, were present throughout the year nmearTexas). Lewis 1975:502 (mouthpart morphol.). Brownsville, but not n.i the Del Rio, l-exas ar-ea.Calisher et al. 1977: 1000 (menti on). Eads Young (1972) reported that armadillo bt-1978:540 (refs.). Chaniotis 1978:19 (mention). rows serve as the usual resting sites for this%Martins et al. 1978:146 (dist.). Young 1979:133 species in Texas. In June 1980. one of us found(compared to L. barrettoj). 9 recently hloodftcd females itt a bur-row mbha-

Psychodopygus texanus: Forattini 1971:105 bited by armadillos near Sinton. lexas. hut(listed); 1973:480 (tax.). there is no direct evidence that the flies had led

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Honduras, Mexico. on these mnammals. The flies died before theirUSA. Texas (Aransas, Bexar, Camer~n, Ed- eggs were laid.wards, Gillespie, Kinney, San~ Patricio. Uvaldeand Val Verde counties). Fig 20. Stm(at'sHu.c(O(vttRTOltrti~ BARRE1TO

MATEItAL E~XAMINED: USA. Texas-I 53, 9 9(Aransas Co.), Aransas Wildlife Refug e. 22- 9. Lutzomvia (Hetrocvilom via) apache (Young antiIV-1966, W. Wirth and k. Jones. 25('. 2 9 Perkins n.sp., Figs. 10. 16 and 17.(Cameron Co.) near- Brownsville, 28-1-1963 and Holotype 5 (measurements in mm). Wing11-1963, 1964, light traps, 11. Fads. I 5 , 3 9 length 2.47; width 0.66. Head, scutim. ab-(Edwards Co.), 6 kmn N of Barks.dale, VI- 1982. dominal sclerites and external genitalia infus-armadillo burrow, R. Endris. 2 5, 2 9 (C.ime- cated; rest oi body pale or- nearly pale. Headron Co).), near Brownsville, 28- 1-1963 anal II- from vertex to tip of clypeus. 0.41 high: 0.391963, 1964, light traps, R. Eat Is. 15 5. 24 9 wide. Eyes separated byv 0. 15 or hv a distanc=(G;illespie Co.), Frederic kshu rj4, V-IX-1968, to ahout 8 f iet diamneters. Flagellomerie 1,.0.27

l, 1984 MosQUiro N Ews 277

long, comnbined length off I + 111, 0.25; ascoids light trap, W. Wirth. Y allolyfie (Cochist- Co.).

simple. present on all flagellomeres except last 3.1 km SW of Portal, V-VI-1967, blac klight(XIV); ascoids on 11 reaching to or beyond end trap, C. Sabrosky. Other paratypes, 12 6, 11 ?,of' flagellomere. Labrumi 0. 19 long. Lengths of' same data as holotype. 2 9, same dlat a aspalpoineres: 1. 0.04: 2. 0.12; 3, 0.18; 4, 0.15; 5. allotvpe. 2 Y (Gila Co.). 27 km NE of Pay son,0.34; about 8 palpal senisilla scattered onl middle to Creek. 10-VIII-1978, light trap. C. Rayhall of palpomere 3. Cibariumi without visible (UCR).teeth; pigment patch narrow and faint; cibarial Disc:ussiosv: Structural similarities indiciitearch diffuse, more conspicuous at sides. that L. apache is closely related to L. vexator at idPharviix 0. 16 long, w ith posterior ridges but no L. appidanci, both of which may occur with it i nspines. Pleuron with 5-6 upper and 4-5 lower the USA and northern Mexico. Both sexes of L.episternal setae. Lengths of' wing vein sections; apache can be separated from those of the otheralpha 0.46; beta 0.35; delta 0.13; gammia 0.50. species by the characters given in the keys. Lut-Lengths of femora, tibiae and basitarsi as fol- zomyia ,indctr(ap) konfo eiolows; foreleg. 0J.89. 0.86. 0.51; midleg, 0.87. differs from L. apache by its broader, differently1.00. 0.58; hindleg. 0.95. 1.34. basitarsus infl55 shaped paramere. shorter aedeagal filamentsiog; hind fetnur without spines. Terininalia. (less than 4X the length of the ejaculatory(;onostyle 0.24 long with 5 spines, basal pair apodeme and sperm pump) and by the widerinserted at different levels, isolated median shor-ter individual sperm ducts of 'the female.spine closer to basal pair than to terminal pair. The cibarial armatures of these females are re-no subltrintal seta. Gonocoxite 0.31 long. with markablv similar.basail tuft of 5 slender setae and about 12 scat- T-he wing length of 8 female paratypes of L.teretl distal setae. Pararnere simple. with dorsal Upache ranges fromn 2.42 to 2.88 mmn;' that of' 5setate onl at least halt its length. Aedeagus slen- male paratypes ranges from 2.37 to 2.55 mim.der. is ell-pigmiented with mcute tip. jaculatory The specific name. "apache." refers to thedi(IC nlt ' nd spermi pump 0.25 long, each tribe of' American indians living in the south-.mm t'aga f i laiment! 1.20 lon g or about 4.8 X western USA and northern Mexico.length (o f( Im a t irs a podemte anmd spermipoinp. the distal end inflated subtermninallv as 10. Ltzopn~ia (Helrocvrtoptlvia) oppidaniashosn miii Fig. 10(B. lateral lobe 0.47 long. (Dampf), Figs. 11, 16 and 17.

\llots pc Y ( measuremlenits in mmn). Wing Phleboiopnu.% oppidantmi Danipf 1944:247 (9.length 2.1 *X is idth 0.,56. ( oloratton as iti 9. San Jacinto, Federal District, Mexico). Barrettolerad 0.39 high, 0.33 wide. Eves separated by 1947:215 (listed). Var-gas and Diaz Ndjera0, 17 ot b% .m distant c = to aboui 8.5 facet diati. I1953): 3 12 (listed). Fairchild and Hertig

(-ltm Fligellinmere 1, (0.23 long, combined 1957:325 (9. Nuevo Leon State. Mexico,Ieigi th of I1 l - (11(.22; aswoids simple. on all keyed); 1959:124 (listed). Fairchild and Har-t1.igeloineres except last (XIV). tips of those on woo~d 1961:240 (coil. data, Adams Co.. Wash-flag. 1I emtendinig hevmmnd end of flagellomnere. ington. keyed). Fairchild and Heruig 1961:26I abrur n D.19 long, Lengths iif palpomeres: 1. (comnparedl to L.. iorgai 6). ()rtiz and Alvarez0AW; 2. 0.11 ' 3, 0.15; 4. 0.13; 5. 0.31; palpal 1963:312 (listed). Har-wood 1965:1 (coil. rec-senlsillam ."5 inii . ( ihirtiuni with 4 sharp. equi- ords. Washington State and British Columbia,mlistanitls spau ed humii ,ital teeth and a row of rearing). Lads et al. 1965:251 (listed). Ortiz10- 14 small s'rti ial teeth; cibarial arch con- 1965b:25 (listed). Quate 1965:92 (listed). Eas-

spi minus at sides, mearlv iiivisible inl middle; toll et al. 1967:429 (Pre-sidio Co.. Texas). Eastonipiginirit paliCh stimiiangular. faint. Pharynx et all. 1968:467 (Presidio Co., Texas).0.16t long. is itbout spines. Pleuron with 4 upper Liazoinvia rippidarna: Bart-etto 1962:96 (listed).and 2-3 lower epister nal setae. Lengths of wing lFheodor 1965:183 (iisted). Rosabal and Miller%cmin sect ins: alpha 0.39; beta 0.34; delta 0.05; 1970: 780 (keyed). Forattini 1971:99 (listed).gamm~a 1.37. ILengths of fernora. tibiae and Young 1972:61 (listed)~. Downes 1972:1135basitar si: hocleg. 0.73, 0.71. 0.44; midleg, 0.76. (listed). Martins an.I Morales-Farias 1972:3650.93, 0.51: bindleg. (.86, 1.13. 0.69; femnora (L~isted). Forattin i 1973:209 (redescript.isithout spines. Spermnaihecae button-like as keyed). Chaniotis 1974:334 (Ravalli Co.. Mon-shos i in Fig. IOF with long, slender individual tana); 1978:19 (mntion). Fadts 1978:54 1du is. each about 25X letngth of comnmon dluct (Larimier Co., Colorado). Martins et all. 1978:77or greater thatn 5X length oif stein of' genital (dist.).fork. KNOWN Dtisit'TItiN: Mexico. USA. Colorado

K0owsN DISFIBi t ON: U'SA . Ar izona( (Fort Collins and Larimner counties), Montana(Apat(he. Cochise and] Gila counties). Fig. 20. (Ravalli Co.), Texa~s (Presidio Co.) and Washing-

MA ItRfst. lxAMssitx : USA. .4rizona-holo- lio (Adamns and Whitman coiunties). Canada. Al-

is pe d (Apatche Co.), Spiigerville, 3-VI 1- 1953, berta, and British Coltmetia, Fig. 21.

278 ~tit~ti ~sVol. 44. Nso. 2-'sRl If

MAr ERLAt EX5AttN1tY USA. (;iCfdadi-16 6,. en., 11-13-V 111-1969 and 31-1 to 23-1 1-1970,18 ? ',Fort Collins C o. ), approx . 400( in east of Malaise nrap, S. Frornoer . 1 6 , 3 9 (RiversideHorst.-tooth Reservoir. I 8-VI 11- anid 8-I X- 1983, Co.). Deep Cariyon, C:oyote C:reek, 10-1I7-V-oil a-nd light traps. C. Moore and B. FrancN. 1975. Mfalaise trap, S. l'rontr and R. W'orlev,Won tana-I 9 (Ravalli Co.). 8 kil F. of' Hamil- I & (Riverside Co.). Rancho Mirage. Magnesiaton., Rock pile. 22-VII 1-1973. B. Chaniotis. Springs Canvon. 16-VI- 1981. CO., trap, R.Wa vhington-6 d, 15I 9 (Adlams Co.). Othello, Brennr.mCo lumbia Wildlife Refuge, 25-V to 9-VI II- 1)rSC .SSION: A feniale of L. skewarti was idlt't-19,60, R. fHa rwood.( Mexico. 30 d , 9 Y (Xuri'a titled from Uikiah. M enidocino (Co. , Calib irnia.1., 6n ), 32 kml NW of' Monterres . 9-IN- 1955, Yhis specimen was prcivisionalls. but incoi-r ock o.revices, P. Gal inrdo and IH. Ira pido. reot lv. deterined earlier ats L. naila rnim b

DrSCUSstoN: [he habits of L. i)ppidana are Iairchild arid] Herrig (1957) ann( was cited atspoorlyN knownr. H arwsoodl (1 965) reported that that species Im (3iaiitis and Anrderson m (I 968).females in the laboratory fedl onl snakes and 1.aurer (1965) collected 154 adults of L.lizards. but riot onl f'rogs, wshite mnice or himanls. stew71arli in light traps froni I .Junte to 10 (rberD)iu rnal resting sites intlude antiimal butrrous , 1 956 atl Wood xside, San Ma teo C o., C(a1ifornia.small I aves and rock crevices. Chaniotis (1967) stated that in C afl i r iia adults

[hlis species appi ten r l has at widespread cif' I. tea ti ame active for- aboi ut 6 nitiths (ifgeographic dIistribu tionm in the western USA arid the vleal anrd rthan the lourrth in star Ia rvaeMexico. diapau se (irri ng the wintter. Imon t is.

Adults rest, arnd perhaps breed. in the btr-11. Lutzomvia (1fdcurvrtwmvra) slewmarfi (M'Vali- rows of' ground squirrels, Cite11us spp., where

gabeira arid (Gal inrdo). Figs. 12. 16 anrd I17. t be% feed] onl lizards anrd snakes ((ii a toris anrdPhlebotwnrl .Itewarti Matigabeira antd G;alindo Anderson 1968).

1944:185 (J, 9. Livermiore. Alameda Coi., Chaniiotis (1967) reared L. .quiri in the labo-C:alifornmia). Rozebomrn 1944:274 (listedl). Addis rato-v and provided datat onl ins life cy-cle, feed-1945a:328 (keyed). Packchanian 1946:37 (dist.). ing and mnating behavior, arid other habits.Barretto I q47:225 (catalogued). [hlurmni et ll .Avala arid Lee (1970) obiserved sporoboites of1949:199 (listed). Vargas and D~iaz Naijera P/a.imodiumn mexicanm a saurian mralaria. inI953b:3 12 (Sonora Statte, -Mexico). Quate is ild-caught L. fewarfi after the% wtere exper-19,55:243 (refs.). Fairchild 1955:194 (listed). iriemitallv infected in the laboratory.Fairchild and Hertig 1957:326 (kieyed, ref's.).1.auret 1958:319 (coil. data. Calif'ornia). Ortiz 12. iLutzimvia (Helcocv rtmPvx) 1cxalm (Coquil-and Alvarez 1963:312 (listed). Fads c( alt. lett), Figs. 8 and 13.1965:251 (listed). Ortiz 1965b:25 (listed). Quate Phlebmtomn vexalor Coquillett 1907:102 (d, 9,1965:92 (listed). Chaniotis 1967:221 (rearing Plummler's Island. Montgomnery Com., Mar-data. lab, hosts, biology). Chaniotis and Atider- land). Shannon 1913:165 (biology. Virginia ret-son 1968:273 (coil. data, pop. dynamics, ord). Shatiron 1926: 193 ( d3, 9). Dvar 1929:1 13California). (tax.). 1Fheodor 193,3:274 (d. 9. tax.). Hall

Lutzom'via stewartj: Barretto 1962:96 (listed). 1936:29 )jatksori Parish, .oumisiaria). Damipf['hendor 1965:183 (listed). Rosabal and Miller 1938:122 (rientioti). Marigabeira arid G alindo1970: 180 (keyed). Avala and Lee 1970:891 (ats 1944:183 (d~. 9. recliscript.. California records).host for saurian malaria). ANvala 1971Ic:598 (ats Roteboom 1944:274 (listed). lDaripf' 1944:237ho(st for sauriani rialaria); 1973:266 (disease (Sonora Srtate. MIex ito) Addi s 1945:328re-lationships. Caifrna) Forattiii 1973:271) kleed). Packcbariari 1946:37 (dlist.. Virginia(tax.). Avala 1977:275 (rntioni). Martins ct ill. r-ccir-d). 1)arpf 1947:205 (tax.). Barrett()1978:81 ((list.). Fads 1978:54(0 (listedf, refs.). 1947:2241 (fll rets.). -htirmnr 1949:199Yourng et l. 1983:315 (Riverside (Am.. (alif mr- (listed)~. Vargas a -icl 1iai N ajena I953): 313mia). (So ntora State. M.exicr o)(. Qcrare 1955:243 (ke-% ed.

KNOWN ruISi RsI B-I IN: Mexico. USA. Ca/i/ar.- lefs.). Fairchild 1955:191 (classif.). FairchildP1W (A~lameda, Co~rnra (wams, Kern, M1-eridrcimo. and Hertig 1957:327 (keyed, tax-. rels. . HenrigMonterey, Riverside. Sari Diego, Sari Ma tc r a rnl anrd johnrsc n 196 1:753 ( menio n . ( lii. and Al -Yolo cotunties). Fig. 21. vare/ 1963:312 (listed). Rohrerts 1965:28)

MAn RIA. lXAMr~nm: USA*. (Xim/rumia- I 3 (Mississippi record). (Irtil 1965:25 (listed).paratype (Contra Costa Co.). Marsh Creek. 21- Quate 1965:92 (listed). Dowries 1972:1 135IX- 1943, P'. G;alirndoi and( (0. Marigabeira. I 9 (Perth, O nitario. ( laa)(Mendmd rio (Co.) U.k iah,. 29- VII -1I948. l ight Ph'Ilemat con iwxr 'a/aro? wridynti, Iri rc Ii d a9ndtrap, W. Wir-th. 2 d ( Moirterev'(O) Ft. Hurntr Herrig 1957:3 '4W( (3. 9. Altrras trap statrorn.L iggett, 26--I981 anrd 24-V 11-1981 . light trap. \Modooc (o., ( ililornia arid 101)/ I Ake. Morno2 d,. 5 9 (Riverside Co.), 5.6 kill S cmf Plmil Des- Coi., ( aliforimia). l'air hiild and Hlrcocl

.It xf. 198-4 N%Q 11 ~it Ni-w 279

1961: 2.40 (lkeved. Adamis Co.. Washinogto n ). light trap, J. Rei ner t Caltimnna - 1 9 (AlamedaOrtiz atid Ak~are 1963:312 (listed). Chaitis (Co.), Sttawheirr Caitsm. X- 1448, light trap. W.and Anderson 1964:27 t(desirpt. iniatures, Wirth. 1 6. I Y (Contra Costa Co.), M~arshrearing data, tax. Californlia). Harwood 1965:1 (icck. 15-I 9-I193 P~i.. G;alindo ci A. 1 9(ecolog-, Wash ingtonm: Alb erta, C anada reI Crtl) (NbI (I C0. ). Alt U laS I'rap Stat ion, N'III- 1948.Eads et Al. 1965:251 (listed). Quate 1965:92 light it ap. R. C~oleman. I Y (Mono Co.), I opaz(listed). Chaniotis 1967:221 (rearing data, I- Lake, IN -- 1948. light trap. R. (olerutan. 8 3,ologv'. Calif'oritiat. AMnderson and Atala 20) 9 (Nlomir Co.), Ft. Hunte- Ligget. 19-V1 968:1023 (ats vector of* toad t r spanm vne. to) 25-IN- 198 I, light t iap, .S. Arins personnel.California). Chaniotis and Anderson 19.8:273 1 5 ( Ri% et-side Co). Ris ei side, 2(0-2 I -VIf- 107 1.(pop. dynamics. t'etest. i ipt.. Califo rnia reciyrdis, li gh t tira P. S . Ft oincrt i and IL-. Lu na,nat. inf'ected wvith trs panlosoines). Av ala (;'o/omadp-l 9 j l Paso (Co.), Ft. Carsotn VI II-I 970a: 387 (inf'ected ssith heinogr ega rineis) 1981I. light trap, .IS. i in persy. nel.ShetnatiCh u k et all. 1978: 1355 (A-lbe rta, (Canadtta (Con(ett- I9NI C ((It lst x Co.), Noi MNathin inarinot hurrow). son. 8-NI1-1977, light ttap. 1. itken and K.

Lulzonivja t'CxOIO ( or as v'Xaf 0.) tnrjdep'vt: Kti 1 I 3 (MNi dd lesex Con.). NIillitigion . \VII-Barretto 1962:96 (listed). Ri sahal and MIille It 977, light itap. I. A it ken t. 1b/u /a -4 d,. 2 Y1970:180 (lkeved).a Li and L ee 1970:891 (its (Al.atfi na Cot.), Sain FeLaw i fla in ti i atioU 5host fotr sauriin mnala lid. A "ala I19701)cI3 ((It daites lit V. VIII an rd IX- 1967, 1968. light and%elopinen t of- malaria in I etrales) : 1971Ia: 14 flight t taps. F. B lantonii 1). Yo ttiig an rd G . Fail--(intfected with gregariries); 1971bh:433 (saurian t hild. 2 d. 2 9 it.(%\ CO.). G~tlf Hatiniok,inalat ia infected with t r p a noso riles); 1 N1975. uinlet lo ose hark ofl miandinrg dleatd1971Ic:598 (sauriani malaria). Younig 1972:62 tirees, D). YOUitg. 22 3S. 301 9. ,,line data hut -N(Texas recortds). Asala 1973:266 (parasite it- to I- -1981. P'. Perkins and 1). Young. I 9lationships). Chaniotis 1974:334 (Mfontana re(- (Vt ,kUlla Co.), Watlla Springs. I--980. lightor(I). Eads 1 978:54(0 ( refs.). Mar tils tet all. trap. W . Kr amin c Wia /nd - I 6. I 91978:77 (dist .). Chaniotis 1978:19 ) meit io ) . )oNh ttgoillers Co.), Pnlitmer's I slanrd. N' II. R.

Lufzom'aia vexattir (or as i'exafrtx): Barretto Shanunon. 2 3S. 4 9 lbut reared. 1932- 1936, NI.1962:96 (listed). [heodor 1965:183 (classit.). Htertig. 1 3. 4 9. sameticdta hutl 6-7-NII -I 49.Quate 1965:92 (listed). Rosahal antd Miller hol lnsr t ree anrd iin house,. NI. H ert i g1970:180 (keyed, Louisiana records). Young ()k/ah ma-I (3, 1 9 (Caddo Co.). Anradarkit.1972:63 (Florida records5). Forattitii 1973:272 VI I11- 197 1. light tr ap. J. Reitter t. I 3 (d'assittg(tax.). Lewis 1975:501 (iflouthpart inorphol.). vii sty-le. speoiiieti hut sel). Etdmonid (Okla-Aitken et all. 1977:582 (Connecticut rectords). hotta Co.), no other data. Texa'-2 3, 1 9 (E'd-NMartins et al. 197K:77 (dist.. inclutling NManni wards Co.), 6 ktin N of' Barksdale, V-I1982, at(Co.. Calit). Chaniotis 1978: 19 (mention). Ead, light. P. Laws-er et al. 2 (3. 7 9 (G;illespie Co.).1978:540 (refs.). Stevskal 1979:423 ("vexatur' its Frederickshttrg. N'. \'1l and IX-1968. 19i69.correct spelling). Young et all. 1981:446 (min- light traps. H. Borchers. 2 3. 3 9 (Uvalde (Go.).tion). Fridris et all. 1982:401 (rearing data). Gartner State( Park. 18-N-1965. light traps. 1).

Kx~owx tttsrRtBLetON: Niexico. Canada. Al/- Younig. Watshingtn-27 1, 36 9 (Alais C o.),her/a and Onitario. USA. Alabamau (LIattderdale Othello, (;oh.ntihiav Wildlife Refuige. 25-NI toCo.). ..4kat.a' ((arlarld Co.). Cealifornia 30-X- 1960, nmrmot )ittriws, R. Harix id.(Alamieda. Cont ra Costa, Kerni Manni. Marini 1% voirtig- I 9 (( s he it Co. ), L inglte, N'I If -Ntendociiio. Modot. Motno, Montere), River- 1974). light trap. M. Butlr.si(Ie. San ILuis Ob)ispo. Sait N-atecit Solanui. ADisiir IN At RU (141) (all tivi ~le b% hI V.N'en tura airtd Ytvlo tioun ties)(. Colorado (El Paso Newsh ose ini light tra ps): F/aida -I 3 (( o ll ilrCo:.). (it 'rtt ut (MNIiddlIese x CoI.). Fleirida Co.). Iunrt Ri er Jutngle ( ;artlcm, 30-N'II -(Alachua. Collier, Highlands. L.ev and Wakttlla 1963. 6 9 (Collier Cov.), Corks rewN Swamp. 22-ton 11tis). Georgia (( witinet t (:o.). Lotjiva (ia 23-I - I1965. 5 3e, 3 9?, sailie tdat a ill 9-NI- 1967.(fa-ksoti, NMorehouise and O r leanis parishes). I d , I1I 9, samtet datca hot 3-4- N'III -1 967. 2 (3Wiar , /and (MNonigomlerv C:o.). limml topi .1 9. samei davta htut I- 12-IN- 1967. I 3. 2 Y'( Washingtn Co:~.). Wonta(1m ( Ras-al i Co . ). .Neiw (Highlandits Co: .), Brighitonii Intd ian Resets ati o,%frxiop (Vddhv and Rit Arm-ila coniis). Oikla- 13-I18-Il 1 -1966. loisttttttna- I 9 (Orleatt',

homer (Caddo atid O )klahom i a ti toittics). T'xat Parish). Keitluer . 4-N 11 - 1 966.Ni-. l1v'xjo- I 9(Edwards. (Gillespite. Pt csitlitt andi Uvsalde tini- ( t dd- (Co.). Ca.trI shad, Raittlesniaike Sprinrgs.ties). Virginil (Au gustai arid 'atiquicrti (o liis). I 7-Nil-1I968. 2 9 ( Rio - riha Coi. A lhitquin,l1'ahm gtuot ).-da ins and Whit itan itmutitics). 19-2(1-N' 1- 1965IWso~nug (6osheti Co.). Fig. 22. D~ist t ssiv: Fairchild andtt Hertig (1957)

NI \ I~ RiS rx-stx EA IE: ('S-N. Ailkfmuea%-3 (3, studietd mai~les andi feitialt's of L. wNea/or frorit2 9 ((..ln td Cov.), 1-lot Sprinitg%, NIlI-l97 I. Caliloriia itn(] initldeil that the\ tliffltred

280 MosQulno NE:ws VoL.. 44, No. 2-PARr 11

subspecifically from specimens collected on and associated parasites in California. There.Plummer's Island, Maryland, the type-locality, the sand flies rest in ground squirrel burrowsThey stated that the California specimens, that are also occupied by lizards, snakes andwhich they named L. vexator occidentis, had the other cold-blooded vertebrates which serve asfollowing distinguishing characteristics: "Male hosts for these insects.with genital filaments shorter, less than 4 times Sporozoites of Plasmodium mexicanum a sau-length of pump; style shorter and stouter, the rian malaria, were observed in experimen-two subapical spines farther apart and the most tally-infected sand flies (mostly L. vexator) frombasal one of this pair closer to the basal spine California. These sporozoites were infective tothan in vexator. Basal tuft of coxite of 4 setae. Scleoporus lizards when injected intraperitone-Female with spermathecae shorter, more slen- ally. Transmission was not demonstrated byder, less than twice as long as stem of genital sand fly bite and no natural infections werefork. Cibarium narrower, with but 4 horizontal found in the presumed vector.teeth, lacking the sublateral shorter teeth found During the past 3 years in Florida, over 600in vexator." laboratory-reared females of L. vexator that had

Chaniotis and Anderson (1964, 1967) rede- previously fed on Plasmodiumfloridense-infectedscribed L. v. occidentis from California anoles (Anolis carolinenis) were dissected. Oo-specimens, noting that the aedeagal filaments cysts were seen in over 50% of the flies thatof 10i males were 4 times the length of the were dissected 4-20 days after the infectingejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump and that bloodmeals, but no sporozoites were detected.the basal gonocoxal tuft consisted of 4 or 5 long In addition to these preliminary observations,hair-like setae. The length of the aedeagal fila- it is noted that naturally infected Anolis haverrients of Florida males that were examined in been found in several Florida localities wherethis study varied from 3.6 times to 4.6 times the phlebotomine sand flies do not occur. Althoughlength of the ejaculatory apodeme and sperm hardly conclusive, these observations suggestpurnip and the gonocoxal tuft consisted of 4 or 5 that P. floridemse is not transmitted to Anolis andseiae. This range of measurements encom- fence lizards (Sceloporus) in Florida bypasses that observed for all other males exam- phlebotomines.ined (including California and WashingtonState specimens) except that one male from SUSGE.US.ICROPYGOMYIA BARRETToPlimmer's Island had aedeagal filaments 4.9tiriies the length of the ejaculatory apodeme 13. Lutzomyia (Micropygomyia) californicaadd sperm pump. The length of the gonostylus (Fairchild and Hertig), Fig. 14.and presence or absence of sublateral teeth in Phlebotomus californicus Fairchild and Hertigthe female cibarium are not diagnostic. Of 7 1957:328 (6, 9. Ft. Yuma, Imperial Co.,females examined from the same population in California). Fairchild and Harwood 1961:242Tex as, 2 had sublateral teeth while the other 5 (Othello, Adams Co., Washington). Ortiz andlacked them. The length of the gonostylus of 16 Alvarez 1963:312 (listed). Ortiz 1965a:205males from Washington State ranged from 0.21 (listed). Eads et al. 1965:251 (listed). Quateto 0.24 mm and from 0.24 to 0.26 for 3 males 1965:92 (listed). Easton et al. 1967:429 (Pres-frot n Maryland. In view of this variation and of idio Co., Texas); 1968:467 (listed). Chaniotisout inability to detect clear-cut, consistent dif- 1967:221 (life cycle, rearing data). Chaniotisferences among specimens from various Io- and Anderson 1968:273 (pop. dynamics,calities, L. vexator is treated as a monotypic spe- California records, redescript.).cies that has a widespread geographic distribu- Lufzomyia cafifernica: Barretto 1962:95tion in North America. (listed). Theodor 1965:187 (classif.). Rosabal

Lutzomyta vexator is easily reared in the labo- and Miller 1970:180 (keyed). Forattiniratory. Marshall Hertig maintained a closed 1971:101 (listed). Young 1972:61 (mention).colony from 1932 to 1936 at Harvard Univer- Martins and Morales-Farias 1972:365 (dist.).sity from specimens collected at Plummer's Is- Avala 1973:268 (mention). Forattini 1973:12land, Maryland. Chaniotis and Anderson (tax.). Martins et al. 1978:67 (dist.). Chaniotis(1964) adAl 0aniotis (1968) successfully reared 1978:19 (mention). Fads 1978:539 (listed,L. vexatr arM provided information on its bi- refs.). Young et al. 1983:315 (Riverside Co.,ology tnder laboratory conditions and in the California).field (Chaniotis and Anderson 1968). A labo- KNOWN DISTRIMUTION: USA. Arizona-(Pinalratoqy colony is presently being maintained at Co.). California (imperial, Inyo, Kern. Lassen,the University of Florida (Endris et al. 1982). Monterey, Riverside, San Diego and Yolo

AyAla and colleagues (1968-73) published counties), Texa, (Presidio and Val Verde coun-sevral articles on sand 'fies (mostly L. vexator) ties). Wa.%hington (Adams Co.), Fig. 23.

Jt,. 1984 MosQi'[o NF\ss 281

MATRIAL. .XA.IiNiED: USA. AYizona-5 9 14. Lutzomyia (ficoiopgomyia) cube.is (Fairchild(Pinal Co.). Superstitition Mountains, I1-II1 and Trapido), Fig. 15.and 11-X-1942, in cave. R. Flock (USNM). Phlebotomous ctubenosi Fairchild and TrapidoCalifornia-1 d holotype, 1 9 allotype (Impe- 1950:414 (6, 9, near Camaguey, Cuba). Fair-rial Co.), Ft. Yuma, 28-IX-1948, light trap, R. child 1955:194 (listed). Ortiz 1965a:290 (9Coleman. I J (Riverside Co.), P. L. Bod Des- keyed). Avila et al. 1969:3 (mention).ert Research Center, 15-16-X-1969, Malaise f.utzomvia cubercoi,: Barretto 1962:95 (listed).trap, S. Frommer and R. Worlev. I 9 (Riverside lheodor 1965:187 (listed). Young 1972:63 (BigCo.), Deep Canyon, Covote Creek, 10-17-V- Pine Key, Monroe Co., Florida). Martins and1975, Malaise trap, S. Fronimer. 2 Y (Riverside Morales-Farias 1972:369 (listed). ForattiniCo.), Cahuilla Hills, Palm Desert. 22-V1I-1981, 1973:335 (listed, keyed). Lewis 1975:502CO 2 trap. R. Brenner. I S, 1 9 same data but (ntouthpart morphol.). Eads 1978:540 (listed).

16-IX-1981 and 4-XI-1981. Texa.N-I Y (\'al Chaniotis 1978:19 (mention). Martins et al.Verde Co.). Del Rio, IX-1963. light trap, R. 1978:62 (dist.).Eads. Washing to-7 (3, 13 9 (Adams (ii.), K-Noi DSr|B1ittrIO: Cbua. USA. FlordaOthello, Columbia Wildlife Refuge. VI-VIII- Nionroe Co.), Fig. 23.1960, marmot turrows, R. Har;%<ood. MIt- r NA t ;-:x.jiNr-D: USA. Florida- 9

DISLrSSION: Fair child and Hettig (1957) Motiroc Co.), Big Pine Key, 16-1-1969, flightpointed out that .. (ahi/nino and 1.. huipm,?, ' trap A. (turnev (USNM). 2 d , 2 9 (Monroe(Dampt) are very similar in sr mutre, ditt(erig (o.). Middle Forch Key, 13-11-1978, flight trap.only in the relative lengths fd the im'nale sper n W. Wirth. Cuba. 9 (3, 8 Y (holotype, allotype andducts and in details of til(. tale lertminalia. Nio pata pes). Camaguey and Chapaste. V-VI-that additional material is available, there is a 1949. ltee buttresses. (G. Fairchild and H.strong possibilit\ that these diilelete,s Ieflet I rapido.geographi( vatiatio0 of a single \%idespread i)m5 t Ssl ,N: Lutzomvia ciibepi o is a small sandspecies thit <itls flottt Panama 1 n Oteh isl t t that suc(essftuliv colonized some of theUSA. We have not examined specimens frot Florida Kes presumably fro m West IndianMexico, hos ever, and will the, h ire ot li nte to sux k. Its diosc relatives, L. casen ti, (Flochrecognize these species .s distimt. ,o d .\olamnem) and allies, teed miostly on

Apart frnt the ionel (oiittot t spelit (hit lit Iards.of' the 1 (hiapaet fea Imal c there ,t tnio ottiersrtolctural ditferencs bet eell it an1d 1L. nlhij,-nica. Fhere is ionsiderable ariation in thenumber of horizontal teeth in the fettale C(ONCIUDING RFM.ARKS,ibarictt. Chaniotis and .ndetson 1968)counted 16-34 suth teeth in 10 ot moire e- Mth tloe int oirtation on sand flies inmales from Calitrnia. [he I'exas fteale, Cx- NoIrth ,-\Nrit;a is needed to undetstatid theatnined bi us, has 20 terth; 13 females fron extent of their getgr.phit ranges. biononi isOthello, Washington have 16-25 teeth. Females and disease relationships. Witlh few exceptions,referable to L. ihiapaneni\ shins similar varia- most observations and collections of these flieslion. The fetnale holotvpe ot 1L (himpan,,rki, w'ere made intidental to othet insect studies.frotn Chiapas State, Mexii, has 25 horizontal ile phlebotonnitie launa o the western USA isteeth (Dampf 1947). Specittens front I'alialna t ih-r ttan th it of the easertil states anrid it is(n = 5), Costa Rica (n = l) and El Salvador (i = thele that additional species art likely to be1) have 20-24, 20 and 28 teeth respettiv'el%. dist overed and where studies it thte knosn

I'he males of 1.. calilirnica and I. hiapa tori sa spetics are e.,pecial lv needed.are distinguished by the shape and setation ofthe gonocoxites. Unlike L. crhlort (a, l.utzomnsiachiapapensis has a gonluoxit- that is noticablswidened hasally v and has nuincrous selae distalto the basal tuft.

In California. females ofL. catifornic ft-ied ottlizards and snakes, prioably within ma tis 'alburrows which also serve as resting sit-s for till- (CKN()WI.FI)(;NFN.Sflies (Chaniotis and Anderson 1968). I'hese We %is i to lh;ik Dr. (. B. Fairchild a rt l)r.authors collected L. cali/ornica in Yolo (Co.. Ronald A. Ward bot the irilit al revic% s of thisCali fornia, in low numbers from june 24 to matit(ript. We also iish to thatk ()linpia()ttoher 12, 1965, and suggested that there are n rezaga 6 ir her extelle tt w ork itt t ping the3 generations per year in that a rea. lttiginal and revised atlluscri)ts.

282 %lost'iucl Nk.%%s \'o.. 44, No. 2-PAR1 11

Heei, (],id Americana del E. tie Camnpeche, (Mex.). Re%. Med.(%iex.) 24:315-319.

Addiis, C. . 1945a.. Coi llect ion anid preservation of - 953b. Datos cologicos de algur no s Flebnocimu,santiflic, fPjilehrog,,ni' wsith keys to U.S. spce 'Mexicanos (Diptera, Pssth.). Ani. first. Biol. (M~ex.),(Dipterai: pss hodidae(. frans Am\. Microsrop. 24:445-450.

Si.6+328-332. Bishop. 1). H. L., C. H. Calier. J. Casals. MI. P.1 9451). P/ilebwots Mafmplomvia( a ni/iaphorn.. Chu rnakov, S. Ya. Gaidanov ith, C. Hannount

nlsp., and Phlsh',fumo ehabohius Hall floor lexas D. K. Lvsov, 1. D. Marshall. N. Oker-Blim., R. F. Pet-(Dipteia: Psvthodidati. J. Parasitol. 3:119127. terssn Oi S.Pririeldl. P. K. Russell, R. E. Shope

1945(t. I .ahorainrs icteai g and life cyle ot and( E. G. Westassav. 1980. Bunvaviridae. Inter-Phlebeiia,nu si.Iamp/imnoi iinIticphom Addtis (D1ip- %irology 14:125- 143.

Aten. PF. od.dG.. . PCrsrl 31-2. (alisher, C. H., R. C . Mt L ea n, .. Smith, D. MI.Ajieti I.H. .1 .. Mlain and D. G.. Young. 1977. Siil 1). J. Mirth anti J, S. Laturick. 1977. Rio

I. iiiiiflia i'(tiilii (C((IO illt'll) in C onnecticut. Pirot (.1 nde-A new Ph leliotoinus lcee gr oup v irusF111:situ10I. SixK. Wsash. 79:582. front soth li les. Am. 1. Flrop. Med . Hvsg.

Auidrsiin. 1). C.. R. G. Biukni B. L.. 6Glenn and 26:997 1002.D. W. Mac'veani. 19i8 0. Enidemnic can ine leish- C hai s, B. N. 1967. 1 he 6iologs of California Phlr-(liaid. Net. Pathi i I 1:4-96. boam,r lDiptera: Psvchi idae) under laboratory

Anderson, J. R. and( S. C.N la I 168. 1r1vpaiisoic ( t ndittio Jn. )'t Md. Entoniol - 4:221 -233.rasiitedft Plii~l,,u.I-t i pii Iiiiiii. _____ 1 974. Phlebotoinnne sand flies in Montana:

Aiiericas. Science lb6I:10231I025. irst reptort. Nfosq. Nesss, 34:334-3:35.Avtila. I. G., A. V. (.tiistsit lt id R. (G. Bt (K he. 1969. ____ 1978. Phlebotoininc sandflies (Farnily Psycho-

Nuevos datiis sohri a iiilia i hlchotomnidaie (. didac). pp. 14-30. In R. A. Bim led.!. SurveillaniceCuba. hoi iaiI 1:17. anti collectitin of' arthtropods of veterinary itl

Asala. S. C.I 197a HiI-tmogregatrine hur sandfl in- ptie USDp.Ag "nl 58

le6:387 boh18 isan nks 1.Pistl Chaniotis. B. N. and J. R. Ander son. 1964. Notes oin56:387- oit388r.poisite fo (aitr the mtirpholorgy and laboratory ('earing tf P/ilebo.- 1701. 1v~one iti pnosmc frnt alior tpiu U exat or iir(ide nfl' Pan-Pat . En iii noil.It~ tiad dllliiois..1. Prototixil. I 7::17t)-373.

Jitad and Plaiiidsin(l-i~i(( f tt(lrna 4(1:27-3:2.190c PaPndurtpnxunu i Clioti ; hariocis, .fN, and -.. nes,,i 98 Age

Natural H isti Nnd dc itltislopnient in phlebotonen strctre pouato dnaitndector p968.n.santiflit s (DIiptecra Psvt hi didde). J. Parasitol. 56. staltuof Phbolatsion dynramirn alifor Prt II

Stt.II:3 1:1o.heolmi othr aioni.Pr f

______1971Ia. C regarile inletlions Ii the Cailifornia Field population (lynainics and natural flagellatessanfl\ 11itomya .,Xlm "Ierilinletionts ill pdaius fernales. J . \fetd. Entomol.

salthl s-. :44 a exnxa441.iji Insert. 5:2731-292.Pathol 17:441-44.Chaniotis. B. N.. Ni. A. Cirtea, R. B1. lesh and K. Ni.

____19716b. Irs- patinoson es Iit i h C:ali forrIia sand- Johnisont. 1971I. Dail\ and seastinal nran-biting at..flies, anti extritisiic stages iof Trvpanaiama bulop/ile- .i % ofpheomn sdflsinPaaj.M .hale ai. 1. Protozool. 18:433-4:16. Fil inrleb it8:i415 nfie-i4anm20..Nid

197It, Sporogony antd expeiimental transtoix-- Chnltinuil. : .I n A-2(.M.icVsu.192 l%in7f:598-61)2xianm.J Prail frtee-hurttress biotype: A pathobttxenose of Lei.,h-

57:5tfl602 mra bitizilier,iiz Artn.. lop. Ned . H vg. 31:243-It9,3. I ht- phlt hototnit saiiiflv.-priitoziian 251.

paaint orntui oil iitent al C alifhitoa grass- C ixluillertt 1). W. I1907. D~iscovers of blood-suckinglantis.\t, it Mitil N ii. 89:266- 280. 1sth sia-i nIi. ttil l. -ssI8l

197 P1inoiida of reptiles. 1'. 267-3019. li I102.I.P. Ki citt [edi 1 Parastit Prttizoa. Aadetmitc D Anp .. 19138. itite I'lsttn,1Itia-

Press. New Ys ork.A sala. S. C. ini 1). Lee. I19701. Saurian mlalaria : Dc- IDipteta Ft I. Psst hi iidac) l)riK tdente de Texas.

%clopttttnt of spirltnout-s it) two species iif plek- I-. .A. Anial. E-st. N at. Ciemias Biiol. 1:199- 122.iin tit a tdllits. Science I167 :891I-892. I1944. N otas si ore flet-Indlili inexicarti s.

A vali. S. C. and J. Mr Kay . 1971I. Frmpunor geci )srscote genel ales s ieleitiit de diis Is-hion rI p.: and1( extrintsic deselpI ipllntt of lial pes nitevas (l/swri, qftiuant8 % P. iidu au-ts tiiisiittit Iir Califinia santlllies. .1. Proitiiiil. etttiiivaiIas eit la ( iuiiai t Nit (IllIS. IDiptl ta.

18:434)-4313. Fain. Phlehototttida ). Res . Six. Ntis. fist. Nat.Bat itto. Wi P. 1947. ;italigii (iirs flebotiitttis Altumr- 5:237-254.

.ini s. Artch. /.i nl. Est . S. Pau lo 5:1I77-242. - 1947. Notas isoiri flebonrioiis Ncie~aidil s._____ I1962. Nova uibgcnito% isie Iljlzatnvli Ftanc.i - IVN. H. mac11hi id.Pblrba,1omic, iindti wrli 1k 111). Ret

0924 W(l' codidaie. s ifiaittilia Phl,-hionrlinav). Six. .Me. H ist. Nat, 8(1-4): 205-21:1.Rev. Inst. \fedi. trolp. S. Paulo. 4:91I- 100(. [letkci-Itc kson. L F and 1). B. lang. I1982. I dentili-

Biagi. A. Ni. 1966. C lavs- pal it ilt-n ii at iun ipitia idt catiot of Lemihmu am ssp. Its\ iaiiilepinoel rs I1. Alas hui-ras de- I'hlborn,n aitto pofilos idel atcta statst ial fnet boo of data .alvsi% ito cs ualtc theendctta dle leislmitattistuarta enl Mexico . Rex . iettltid utililmts aitri] Sensiti\6 itof tlti tel hrtitqtt. pp.Inist . Sat Itd Pit h. (MNex .1. 26:1367-:173. 2075-2I. In M. L. C:hantt a~tnd B. C,; Walti n led .1

Biagi. KF anrd A. Ni. Biagi. I1953la. A Iguiti s Flibolomt Biixhetnical tchamracterizat ion of .eiimaniet. Pint.dl .1tra -niletni a de leish maiasis tegitItettia of a PA HO workshiip. W'ash inIgtr. .-- UNI)

\fd 194 Nt\%S i 283

glupt anlhtll*~iI Sp(i Piogte amliil lit R te -ll - 15

0. Nutc (till til l'b t ll1, ofi Panamatl

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IDiat ies. . . 1.I968. fPientt of thtuta,nst dn.u, and 11 ~ls 1111 nc% ' til ti pe A I . sl ll. solt.llI.

17l 11 Hl!"11 is apl l 5 19. Ill M ItIlftl COAIIl "4i6:21-31. 3,- 85

268 0e )16-6. I)lptla %I'shindci. XII. [ ila l g tlP (Dowres,. . L 1 9672 . tL.idet e (ht L twn i o adnts ot /lbltl, /tpla st iiitl I Illatldspct ics.i A1 nn. 5jltiits it

I Diptela: Psdhiidacl. .1. tt. ntlt tti . 511:2675- 1- 9 56 Noe312lt-P1, wm, lPn m

P68 srhodida IC).odda) Atit. IJ Hvg. 111:112 A2.nllti.Sl n 512 34

Psitehutda ) P 11K. -idv lo. if. st . 1 :5138 - -19:307to3 51. 'sl..21 -12.1136.____ [195. Nite t ill t M)1 1 i I'll/I i~,'It, ilanamll

DNars 28 G.51929. 1117e n no eg (f(e II I. 511111 I II g l~ill [1 dS~I)II ol i f S IiI Ltl.

Ameica tl s III i ( i ltl 511115 ['It.!). Ihe is. ia SpIc tilil Pat-m an Iaioli.Al.Fsvs o lida). A_____ P1i3. J.IIIIIIg~ [Itt N. lg. 10:5 11it2t.ttiiti(.fi. 0:2. 1-31

tit SditlI flies EDi teta: .1 S oti h Wiil a s. 80:53s 1 *itott . So( \ .t ti. ).2tsl~.il..12 12 pl.t~

424)1-1. 'sIi 1. 1 h Pcc ut% l'ls t Ics of Ph-lll otld i

Ead ts srde R.l/t~'ttt it, tH. si.t It ellt Iti ands E. G.t Campos. 1965 Mctt and 155gu i~iiii ,(of

itig hdin. cix . IPuitti. Sill. WSh(. Wash.1 67251 I-anuld .1,silI iiio 15 .Il-\(

hlitohn. . R.. M.d A . Hti g. nd 0- . i otli .l)7 Itt-. [1,11 HIiii M i>. 16 . Ste \,tt.t 50115- 17

ISix. ..'stt q.:21 -27:4 9 1- .l.(.1. 11hloo11

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284 Mosqt'iur Nt%%s Xtrt. 44, No. 2-PART II

Kocan. K. \I.. D. W. Maceat and J. C. Fox. 1983. Ortiz, 1. and A. Alvarez. 1963. Sohre un nuev() PhIn-Ultrastructure of a Le'~t,mnn sp. isolatedl from bntnonu. (P. cefennoi no\. sp.) tde Venezuela (Insecta:

dogs in an endemic focus in Oklahomra.] Parasitol. Diptera: Psvchodidae). Re\. Venez. Sanid. Asist.69:624- 626. Soc. 28:311-314.

Kreutzer. R. D., M. E. Semnko, L. D. Hendricks and Packchanlian, A. 1946. The distribution of species ofN. Wright. 1983. Identification ofLeishnia spp. by sandfiies.(Genus Phlebotomwi, in the United States.multiple jsozyme analysis. Amn.]J. Frop. Med. Hsg. and their relation to the transmission of leishman-32:703- 715. iasis. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 4:35-41.

Lauret, T. H. 1958. Notes oil the collection of P/tlebo- Parman. D. C. 1919. Notes on Phlebomomri speciestous steu'nrti Mangabeira and Galindo. Pan-Pac. attacking mail. J. Econ. Enrornol. 12:211-213.Entotnol. 34:219-220. Perkins. P. V. 1982. The identification and distribu-

Lewis, D. J. 1965. Internal structural feartires of some tion of phlebotornine sand flies in the United StatesCentral American phlebotomine sandflies. Attn. with notes onl the biology of two species fromTrop. Med. Parasitol. 59:375-385. Florida (Diprera, Psychodidae). Ph.D. 'Thesis. Uni-

____ 1971. Phlebotomid sandflies. Bull. W.HO. vetrsitv (rf Florida. 196 pp. [University Mficro Films.44:535-551. Antn Arbor. MI. PubI. No . 8302284.1

____ 1973. Phlebotornidae arid Psschodidae (sand- Peter s, W. 198 1. Technological advances in protozoal

flies and moth flies). P. 155- 179. Ir K. G. V. Smith taxonomys and systemnatics. pp. 200-209. In E. U.[ed.] Insects and other arthropods of medical int. (:anning [ed.], Parasitological topics, a presentationportance. British Museum (Natural History), Pub,. volume to P. C:. C. Garnharts. F. R. S. on the cca-No. 720. sion of-his 80th birthdav. Society of Protozoologists.

- 1974. [he biology of Phiebotomnidla in rela- Special Pub]. No. 1.

tion to leish tuaniasis. Annu. Rev. Erstotnol. Quate. L. W. 1955. A revision of the Psvchodidae19:363- 384. (Dipteral in Amnerica north of Mexico. Univ. Calif.

______ 1975. Funoctironal mnorphology of mouth parts Pub] . Entornol . 10:103-273.in New% World phlebotrotiine sandflies (Diptera: - 1965. Farnlil Psvchodidae. pp. 91-97. In A.Psschodidae) Trian%. R. Entoiol. Soc. 1.ond. Stone, C. W. Sabroskv. W. W. Wirth and R. H.126:497- 532. Foote led.1, A caralogmie of- tite Diptera of America

Lewis, D. j . arrd P. C. C. 6atmharn. 1959. -The species north of Mexico. U.S. Dep . Agric. Handb. 276.ofl P/mlebotomwj~ (Diptera: Psvchodidae) in British Quate, L W. and J. R. Vockeroth. 1981. Psvchodidae.Honduras. Proc. R. Entomiol. Soc. Lond. (B) pp. 293-300. In j. F. McAlpine, B. V. Peterson,28:74-89. G. F. Shewve[[, H.]J. Teskev.j. R. Vockerith and D. M.

Lewis, D. J., D. G. Young. G. B. Fairchild and D. M. Wood [ed.], Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1.Minter. 1977. Proposals for a stable classificationm of Research Branch .. gric. Canada. Monograph No.the phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). 27.Syst. Enromol. 2:319-332. Ramos Aguirre. C. 1970). 1.eislrrnaniasis en la regio~n

Lindqnvist, A. W. 1936. Notes on the habits and hi- carbonifera de Coahuila. Reporte de dos casos de [aology of a sand fly, P/mlebolomu',s diabolicuw Hall. in forma anergica difusa. Der matol. Rev. Mex.southwestern -Texas (Diptet a: Psychrsdidae). Proc. 14:39-45.Entomol. Soc. Wash. 38:29-32. Roberts, R. H. 1965. A steer -baited trap for sampling

Macean. D. W., R. G. Buckner,. I. C. Fox and B. L. insects affecting cattle. Mosq. News 25:281-285.Glenn. 1979. Canine leishmaniasis in Oklahoma. Rosabal. R. 1954. Contribuiin al estudio de los Phmle-CDC, Veterinary Public Health Notes. USDHEW. bwmwnn de Costa Rica (Diptera, Psychodidae). Tesis.CDC. October. pp. 6- 7. tOO. Corsta Rica. Mirtis'erio Salubr.- PuLb.. No. 3.55

Maness. P. S. 1981. 1.eishmaniasis. a case report. ppSouthwest Vet. 34:39-42. Rosabal. R. arid A. Mille.r 1970. Phleototmine sand

Mangabeira. 0. and P. Galindo. 1944. [he genu flires rin Lomursia na (Dr pte a: I ss t odidlae . Mosq.

Flebolommu in California. Amn. J. Hvg. 49:182- 198. Ncs 30:184- 187.RrrsataaI R. arid A. l i elos. 1964. Pllebtnnnnu' dle El

Martins. A. V. and E. N. Morales-Farias. 1972. Sobr Salv ador (Diprera. 's ?Nhodndola II Especies c(nn-a clistribuicarn geografica dos flebotrmnreos Ameri oomlas. Rev. Riol. Vi op. 12:167 173.icanos (Diptera. Psychodidae, Phlehotnsminae(. Rev. __ 95 heb~nnt* tHSasdi DpeaBrasil. Biol. 32:361-371. RMst hdidrej. If. ('bser s iortes sobr e srr brologra

Martins, A. V.. P. Williams and A. L. Fal(Jto. 1978. (ot especial referenri a P. longrpnlpc.. Rev. Biol.American Sand Flies (Dipteia: Psvilchddae. Phlec I'to. 13:219-228botonminael . Academia Brasileria De Cientiars, Riro Ronzebxrrn. 1.. I.. 1944. PIto nit, tmi Fonseca ittDe janeiron R. j. 195 pp. the Unrited States (D1)pre ra: Psscfirdidae). j.

Ortiz, 1. 1965a. Contribuci~in a! estudio tie los flebor- Partrsirtrl. 30:274-275.omos amerrcanos (lei grupt. cayenes.s con Ia Shanrnon, R. C. 1913, Feeding habits of P/rIebolm.descripci6n tde una nueva esliecie: Pmlebomwt~ venr- r'esdtfini Coq. Prro . Ertnrol. Sow. Wash. 15:165-t-ftfemut nisp. IDiptera, Psychodidae) .Acta BiolI. 167.Venez. 4:205-211. -- 1926. [he nrc rrrence of Phllmit, in

I 1965b. Contribmcin al estutlio dle Inns flehotrs- Pa namtna. J . Wash. At ad. Sci. 16: 190- 193.mors americanis tlei grupo satnginrtwi coin la des- Shaw%, P. R.. L1..I. Qtmigg. D. S. Allaim, 1). ). juranekcripcio'n de una ntmeva especie: I'Irelnu,,nt ciZ(it antI G. R. Healv. 1976, Atnrhthtinous derrualnisp. (Diptera. Psv.rlirdidael. Atrta Bitol. Venez, leishmarniasis itt Texas. Air. . Irop. Med. Hg

5:25-39. 25:788- 796.

JUNIt. 1984 MosQUiTO Ni.ws 285

Shenianchuk, j. A., R. H. Robertson anda K. R. Dep- - 1953h. Lista de Flebotomos mexicanos y suner, 1978. Occurrence of two species of Phleboto- distribuci6n geografica (Diptera: Psychodidae).?nu sandflies (Diptera: Psvchodidae) in burrows of Rev. Inst. Salubr. Enferm. rrop. 13:309-314.yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flarventm nosoph- Walton, B. C., R. W. Intermill and M. E. Hajduk.ora. in southern Alberta. Can. Entomol. 110:13- 1977. Differences in biological characteristics of55-1358. three Leivhmania isolates from patients with espun-

Simpson, C. F., J. W. Harvey and T. W. French. 1982. dia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26-850-855.Ultrastructure of amastigotes of Leihmania dono- Williams. P. 1966. Experimental transmission ofcani in the bone marrow of a dog. Am. J. Vet. Res. Letshmania mexicana by Lutzornvia rruuota. Ann.43:1684-1686. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 60:365-372.

Simpson, M. H., J. F. Mullins and 0. J. Stone. 1968. - 1970. Phlebotomine sandflies and leishman-Disseminated anergic cutaneous leishmaniasis. iasis in British Honduras (Belize). Trans. R. Soc.Arch. Dermatol. 97:301-303. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64:317-368.

Snow, W. E. 1955. Feeding activities of some blood Young. D. G. 1972. Phlebotomine sandflies fromsucking Diptera with reference to vertical distribu- Texas and Florida (Diptera: Psychodidae). Fla.tion in bottornland forest. Ann. Entomol. Sox. Am. Entomol. 55:61-6-.48:512-521. - 1979. A review of the bloodsucking psvchodid

Stewart. C. D. and J. F. Pilchner. 1945. American flies of (Colombia (Diptera: Phlebotominae and Sv-leishmaniasis. Report of an autichthonous case. corainae). Inst. Food Agric. Sci. Tech. Bull. 806,Arch. Dermatol. Syph. 51:124-128. Unis. of Flotida, Gainesville. 266 pp.

Sudia, W. D. and R. W. Chamberlain. 1962. Battery Young, D. (, R. J. Brenner and M.J.. Watrgo. 1983. Alight trap, an improved model. Mosq. News. new phlebotominesand flN fromsouthenCal ib -22:126-129. nia, U.S.A. {Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med. En-

Steyskal, G. C. 1979. L.utzomiw vexalor (Coquillett) the tomol. 20:313-315.correct designation for Lutzo rmnia vexatrix of authors Young, D. G. P. V. Perkins and R. G. Indris. 1981 A(Diptera: Psvchodidae). Proc. Entomol. Sic. Wash. larval diet tot rearing phlebotortine sand flies83:423. (Diptera: Psschodidae). j. Med. Entomol. 18:446.

Theodor. (). 1933. A note on Phlebutomi vexatlo, Zeled6n, R. and M. Alfaro. 1973. Isolation of LcL h-Coquillett (Dipt.). Stslops 2:274-276. mainia braziien.,i. from a Costa Rican sandf and its

- 1965. On the classification of American Phle- possible use as a human vaccine. Trans. R. Sol.botominae. J. Med. Entoniol. 2:171- 197. Frop. Med. Hvg. 67:416-417.

Thurman, D. C.. J. A. Mulrennan and E. B. Ihur- Zeled6n, R., G. Macava. C. Ponce, F. Cha\es, .man. 1949. Occurrence of Phlebhtmio .Neophlebo- Murillo and J. A. Bonilla. 1982. Cutaneous leish.tom) shannont [')ar in Florida (Diptera. Psycho- maniasis in Honduras, Central America. Frans. R.didae). J. Parasitol. 3,5:19-200. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76:276.

Vargas. L. and A. Diai Najera. 195 3 a. Nuevas es- Zeledon, R., C. Ponce andJ. Murillo. 1979. LeLhmamnmapecies de fletotomos de Mexio (Diptera: Psycho- herren sp.n. from sloths and sandflies of Costa Ricadidae). Rev. Inst. Salubr. Enferin. Trop. 13:41-52. J. Parasitol. 65:2-5-279.

286 XlOSQut t o N , Vo. -44, No. 2-P.ARt Ii

sperm PumpgfOOit

aedeagal filaments . P0ejaculatory apodeme

B

~ lateral lobe

C 5 cerc us~

papitate lobe ---

genital forkr~A pem hc

1 EF

/ idividual sperm duct-

hoizo,ntal teeth-vertical teetopalpomere tI/-~

pigment patch-- ~ 4- -

* cibarial arch- -''

S(common CG 2- 5sperm duct H

Fig. 2. fiIziiait (r ,ut tallti l(q Weitltl) A. MIaleic 1iin'tia. lateral Bai. Fieiale I 11g: C. \11.1c a, log 1), l Ia]

of Icirraic abldturtert showing papillate lobe if tligite 8, s tie itIrn F. Spei irrathera andir geiittl folk. F ,- Matle

head; G . FeInale tOiiti ur; 11. Male flagelhririet c 11: I. lialc flagellrrrrrei 11: 1 hirirle headi.1% 1 tIf '1

lorida %p)(iifllt% at s.tine %alte as r rmparahie stitiotmre% i Fig. ..

JINI.,, 1984 MOSQUvro Nk.ws 287

C?

E

F

Fig. 3. Lunomvzo diabordka (Hall). A. Male head; B. Male termtinAia, C. Female wing; D. Male wing; E.Spermathetc and genital fork; F. Female cibarium, C, Female head; H. Mvalt flagellomere 11; 1. Femaleflagellomere It. Drawn from 'Texas specimens at same scale as comparable structures in Fig. 4.

288 MosquiTo NEws VoL. 44, No. 2-PART 11

E

F

D G

AC

A

NM

Fig. 4. Lulzomya zeropA*Ia Young, Brenner and Wargo. A. Female flagehomere 11; B. Female head; C. Maleflagellomere 11; D. Male head; E. and F. Different views of male parameres; G. Male aedeagal filaments,ejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump drawn at same scale as Fig. 4L: H. Spcrmatheca drawn in Canadabalsam; 1. Spermathecae and genital fork drawn in phenol; J. Female wing; K. Male wing; L. Male terminalia;M. Female cibarium; same scale as Fig. 4N; N. Female cibarium. All figures after Young e( aL (1983), exceptFig. AIM, from California specimens. Scale in mm.

JUNE, 1984 MOSQUITO NEW,%S 289

F

G?

I K

Fig. 5. Lut*ZOI7 aquilona (Fairchild and Harwood). A. Male terminalia; B. Female wing; C. Male wing; D.Spermathecae and genital fork; E. Spermatheca of allotype; F. Male aedleagal filaments, ejaculatory apodemeand sperm pump; G. Female head; H. Male head; 1. Female flagellomere 11; j. Male flagellomere 11; K. Femalecibarium. Drawn from Washington State specimens at same wale as comparable structures in Fig. 4.

290 MosQ2utTo Nt-N%s Vot.. 44. No. 2-PART It

B

F

_:T H

EU

G

7

J

Fig. 6. Lu.zmyia znthwphora (Addis). A. Male terminalia; B. Male aedleagal filaments, ejaculatory apodemeand sperm pump; C. Female wing; D. Male wing; E. Male flagellomere 11; F. Male head; G. Femaleflagellomere 11; H. Female head; 1. Spermathecate showing bubble-like evaginations and genital fork;J Femalecibarium. Drawn from Texas specimens at same scale as comparable structures in Fig. 4.

Iu 984~X- Mo(stwJit)o Ni-vs 291

N ~ A

EF

/ H

Fig. 7. Lulzomvia hanpioni (Ihar). A. Mdale terrninalia; B. Mal e aedeagal filaments, cjit ulatory apodeme andspermn pump: C. Female flagellontere 11; D). Female wing; E' Male wing; F. Female head; G. Sperinathecae(thin oilier envelope surrounding each spermaitteca not shown) and genital :ork: H. Male flagellomnere 11; 1.Male head: .1. Female iarium. Drawn from Florida ipetim( ns at same stale a. tomparahle structures in Fig. 4.

r

292 MoSQUITO NLws Vo. 44, No. 2-PART 11

FA 9B C

9

E

If

F

Fig. 8. Lutzomyia tanyopsis You, an'd Perkins n.sp. (8A-E holotype) and Lutzomyia vtxator (Coquillett) fromFt. Ord, California (8F). A. Female head; B. Female cibarium; C. Female |lagellomere 1i; D. Spermathecae andgenital fork; E. Female wing; F. Spermathecae and genital fork. All structures drawn at same scale as those inFig, 4.

]U'~k, 1984 MOSQUITO NE%%s 293

DE F)

Fig. 9. Lutzomtyin lexana (Dampf). A. Male terminalia; B. Male aedeagal filaments, ejaculatory apodeme andsperm pump; C. Spermathecae and genital fork; D. Male flagellomere 11; E. Female flagellomere 11; F. Femalecibarium. Drawn from Texas specimens at same scale as comparable structures in Fig. 4. Also see Figs. 16G, H.and 17G, H.

294 NF)squIuo Nvw Voi.. 44, No. 2-PARr- 11

A A

B C- Dr

F

E/

Fig. 10. Lulzomnyia aparhe Young and Perkins n.sp. A. Male terminalia; B. Male aedvagal filaments, ejactilat-ory apodeme and sperm pump; C. Male flagellomere it; D. Female !lagellomere 11; E. Female ciharium: F.Spermatheca (only one is shown) and genital fork. D~rawn from Springerville, Arizona. specimens at same scaleas comparable structures in Fig. 4. Also see Figs. 16E. F and 17E.. F.

JUNE:, 1984 MOSQUITO Nv-ws 295

AB

F G

E

Fig. IL. Lutzomvia oppidva (Dampf). A. Male terminaia B. Male flagellomere ui c. Female flagelloniere11; D. Female cibarium; E. Spermathecae and genital fork: F. Tip of aedeagal filament; G. Aedeagal filaments.ejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump. Drawn from Mexico specimens at same scale as comparablestructures in Fig. 4. Also see Figs. 1 6A, B and 17A, B.

296 MOSQUITO NEW,%S VOL. 44, No. 2-PART 11

E

C9

Fig. 12. Lsatzouya stewarli (Mangabeira and Galindo). A. Male aedeagal filaments, ejaculatory apodeme andsperm pump; B. Male terminalia; C. Spermathecae and genital fork; D. Male flagellomere I1; E. Femaleflagellomere 11; F. Female cibarium. Drawn from California specimens ar same scale as comparable structuresin Fig. 4. Also see Figs. 16C, D and 17C, D.

JUNE~, 1984 MOSQUITO N~ws 297

C

FG

Fig. 13. Lulzniyia vexator (Coquillett). A. Male terminalia; B. Spermathecae and genital fork; C. Femalecibarium; D. Male aedeagal filaments, ejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump with one filament tip enlarged;FE. Female wing; F. Male wing; G. Mfale flagellomere 11; 14. Male head; 1. Male flagetlomere 11; J. Femaleflagellomere IL. Drawn from Florida specimens at same scale as Comparable Structures in Fig. 4. MAo see Fig.8F.

298 MOSQUITO NEws Vet.. 44, No. 2-PART1 11

-' A C

* .2 F

J90

'3 H

Fig. 14. Lutzomyiia californica (Fairchild and Hertig). A. Male terminalia; B. Spermathecae and genital fork;C. Male aedleagal filaments, ejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump; D. Female wing; E. Male wing; F. Malecibarium; G. Female head; H-. Male head; 1. Female cibarium; J. Female flagellomere It-, K. Mile flagellomereU1. Drawn from California specimens at same scale as comparable structures in Fig. 4.

U--

JUNE, 1984 MOSQUITo NEWS 299

F

~E

G H

Fig. 15. Lutzomyzw cubenms (Fairchild and Trapidlo). A. Male terminalia: B. Female wing; C. Male wing; D.Male flagellomere 11; E. Female flageliomtere 11; F. Female cibariu m and pharynx; G. Female head: H.- Malehead; 1. Spermathecae and genital fork. Drawn from Florida specimens at same scale as comparable strutcturesin Fig. 4.

300 MOS'. Uiro Nt-w"s VOL.. 44, No. 2-PARr 11

A BD

E FG H

Fig. 16. Male and femnale heads of Lutzomyta oppidana (A and B); L. stewarti (C and D); I.. apach, (E and F),and L. texana ((; and H). All drawn at same scale as heads in Fig. 4.

A

1-- - ------------

Pig 17 Mac ad Cinl ~tg fLtayno~iwa( n 1:L Iwpi( i ) j~rt n

attel L ctrinel ;J1111 1). %1) i am ts m saea ig n Fg 1

302 NMosqurro Nk.%%s \n.. 44, No. 2-PARi 11

Fig. 18..jtriuI ~l is ijznm iqno x#'uti (meqi/ tii and L. (Ifh abohl( 1n i a in N itt An ii i i m ci

* JUNE, 1984 MOSQUilio Nit.ws 0

Fig. 20. IDisIilitio n o f I .It:Umywt w'' L texaIa dint L.(pithI in N orth Aincika.

Fi.21. D~itibution of1 lwtz mvul IIpidanfa and L Itevayt, iii Novl ~ihnclit.t.

34Mos(.Wito Nt~ws Voi- .44, No. 2-PARI 11

Fig. 22. 1)ist ilihiiju of !.utzoii vexalm- in Noth A tie!i(.

L L. californica0L. cubensis

Fig. 23. D~istribuation of ILashomvia ed iforniel and L.. cubensi. in North A tneri d.

DATE

ILME