E

Strike No.1

SOUTH AFRICA IS INTHE GRIP OF A STRIKEWAVE.

In four different centres lastweek, African workers livingbelow the breadline went onstrike for higher wages.

In some cases the workerswon a victory and wage in­creases were granted. In othercases disunity in the ranks ofthe workers brought failure,followed by arrests and prose­cutions.

These strikes, following onthe recent strikes of cannilllworkers in Johannesburg aodAfrican miners in the FreeState, highlight the fact that 0their present starvation wages,African workers just can't makeends meet.

The Government and tbebosses must act to improvewages and working conditions.Strikes, which cause disruptionof industry and race tension,can be ended in only one way-by giving the workers a de­cent living wage NOW.

African Workers Fight ForA Living Wage

us, The Beerhalls 'Be Moved?

This is the Mai Mai beerball, which the Nats want moved from tbe centre of Johannesburg because of acts of violencealleged to have been committed against Europeans passing by in recent weeks. The ANC reply is: "Let eating placesseD beer. Why herd men into a communal beerhall like cattle driven to drink?" For foll story and more pictures, see page 4.

Vol. 5, No. 18 Registered at the G.P.O. as a Newspaper 6dSOUTHERN EDITION Thursday, February 19, 1959 •

From M. P. Naicker I

DURBAN.

A p~~~A=N~~: D:::~ment of Labour and representativesof the employers, after hours ofthreats and appeals, failed to breaka strike of 388 African garme tworkers who walked out of theHammersdale "factory in the re­serve" last week in support of a de­mand for increased wages.

The workers only returned towork after an agreement had been

Ifk~~~~~~~=====~=====~~~~~~~~=====~==:a::::::~~~~~=====~~~~:a::::::~~~~~1 (Continued on a e 3

AI " ASSOCIATE EDITORRESIGS OVER OSLEY

o T RY AGAINST RHANGROUP AREAS D CISION

DURBAN. the Cato Manor proposals con- Chajrman ·of the Natal Coastal

TH~or~~~bf~r ~~t~egT~C~n~~I'N~~: ~~in~2 :~ve~~: t~~frcl~~e~:~~~ ' d~~f- ~~i~~~ o~et~.e ~st~~teBri~~~cPr~si:White housing and for its anti- sion on the grounds "that a more dent of the Durban ChristianIndian bias once again showed its realistic solution to the race-zoning Ministers' Association, Rev. Dr. J.disregard f~r the welfare of the problems must be found". Dalziel, a Presbyterian minisl!Cr,City's Non-White population when Opposition to the new decision and the ex-Minister of the Interior,its Planning and Development has been spontaneous and wide- the Hon. Mr. C. F. Clarkson, whoCommittee, at a special meeting spread. Within 24 hours, Archbi- pointed out that the City <;ouncilwith the majority of Councillors shop Denis Hurley in a forthright had given him an undertaking 30present, confirmed the Govern- statement to a local daily, said that years ag~ that Cato ~{anor wouldment's Group Area Proclamation the time had come to rouse Euro- be set aside as an Indian area anddeclaring Cato Manor, with a pean public opinion in Durban and houses built for .them..population of 40,000 Indians and "confront it wit!t the enormous act Dr. G. M. Nalcker, .m a state­90,000 Af!ricans, a future White of piracy that Is about to be per- ment !o New Age, said that ~he

Group Area. petrated." C.ouncil's doub.le talk would I~'This meeting, which was called This statement was followed flict untold misery and hardship

to discuss a resolution passed by swiftly with statements of con- on the people.the full Council last year rejecting demnation by Miss Hansi Pollak, (Continued on page 3)

"

JOHANNESBURG.~ DIRECT result of the visit

.L of Sir Oswald Mosley, theBritish fascist leader, to SouthAfrica, has been the resignationof the associate editor of Jo­hannesburg's morning paper"The Rand Daily Mail."

This journalist, Mr. 1. Ben­son, is known to be a friendand ally of Mr. Bailev Bekker,the United Party M.P. turnedIndependent Nationalist.

The crisis in the "Mail". offices was set off by a third

leader on January 29 called"Mosley."

Mosley. said the editorial. "isa man with exciting political

associations ... what he stoodfor will remain-the strongRight wing in political thought.

" In that puzzling duality ofhuman nature that projects it­self as a duality in politics, hestood for one of the twin polestowards w hie h popularthoughts and feelings tend togravitate. May good luck at­tend his business in SouthAfrica-provided his business isnot politics."

The " Mail" editor was awayfrom Johannesburg at the timethis leader was published.

In Cape Town a director ofthe "Mail ," Mr. A. I. D.

(Continued on 'page 5)

NEW AGE, THUR SDAY, F EBRUARY 19, 1959

J. G. MODISEJohannesburg.

,We were called out by the po­lice and the owner of our car wasquestioned by the officers fromKimberley.

They then demanded our passes.They found that I possessed anexemption pass. but immediatelyarrested me. I was taken toSchmidt's Drift nolice station. Atthe station I found the policeforce armed with rifles and rna­chine-guns and was greatly sur­prised to see this terrible scene.

The next Saturday four detec­tives arrived from Kimberlev anddemanded a statement from me. Irefused, saying r was not laying acharge against anybody. I toldthem I was being treated like aconvict. I had been kept in cus­tody for five days and refusedbail. The next Wednesday I wasremoved to Douglas. Here I wit­nessed very fantast ic treatment.

In the Douglas court an ac­cused is not allowed to appearfully dressed. Before the accusedgets into the dock he has to leavehis shoes, belt or braces and hatin a bag which is kept for him.

T don't know whether this j.;known or done anywhere in thecountry in all courts of law.

ARRESTED IN ARESERVELast year I was at Kimberley

and met headman Cidraas ofSchmidt's Drift Reserve Afterdiscussion about the terrible con­ditions the people in the area wereliving under, he invited me toattend a meeting of the Kgotlawhere I could express my viewsto the people.

My colleagues and J. six of usaltogether, arri ved at headmanPhet lo' s place a t No.4 Reserve.People arrived in numbers whilewe waited at a Mr. Sebeela'shouse. At 10.30 a.m. the chiefheadman arrived and we receiveda message from him. instructingus to remain where we were. Wecomplied with this order.

A half hour later the Europeancaretaker of the reserve came inhis van together with the chiefheadman and they called us tocome over. The European askedus where we came from and oneof us replied that we were fromKimberley. He was asked whetherhe lived at Schmidt's Drift andhe replied that h e was a bona fideresident.

The European then drove awayto the Schmid t's Drift policestation and we re turned to Mr.Sebee la's house. After three hourstwo vans and OJ car arri ved. in­cluding the caretaker's van. Thecar was driven by the Kimberleypolice commandant ,

I.,i

Last Week's Donations:Cape Town:

Diamond £12.10. Buk £5.r.c, £1, S.P.M. 9s., SACPOl Os.. E.M.B. 5s.. Rand J £5,M.M. 3s.. LL lOs.. Bernice £1,L.LW. £10, J and N £3.

Port EJizabeth:- Aunt Katie-B~~Fr iend £1. Doc £1. Babs £1.1.

TOTAL : £247 2s. 6d.

Johanne sburg;Harry £3, S. £1. Jumble Sale

£28. M. £I. Backer £5. Tickeys£1.10. M.M. £2. W. £2, B £5,M and B £85, Stocks £25, Doc·tor £5, Doctor £5, Fr iend £4,Mr . P £2, Max £2, Doc £5,Februar y £5. Garde ner £2,Waiter 7s.. Parkview £1, Col­lections £7.5. Mrs. F. £5, ce i­lections £2.2, Lawyer £3.3, Star£2. I

will mailer. but the amount ofwork you have done to get it.

If you decide to enter forthe competition you mustplease fill in the form printedbelow. We shall send you col­lection lists, receipt stamps etc.

We would like you to comein, or send in, reports of youractivities and plans.

We suggest:• Door to door collection

drives.• Donations from your

friends.• Jumb le Sales : Parties

Film Shows : Concerts­and every other methodyou can think of.

There is nothing much morewe on New Age staff can do.The future of New Age is nowliterally in your hands.

LET'S SEE WHAT YOUCAN DO.

The Editor,New Age,18. Chames Buildings,11, Barrack Street,CAPE TOWN,Dear Friend ,

I/We would like to lake part in the New Age Fund RaisingCompetition .

I /We would like you to send me/us ......... • Collection Lists,which I/we undertake to return on demand.

Yours sincerely,NAME _ _ _._ _ _ _ ..ADDRESS __ _ _ .._ _ _ _ _

If you are accepting on behalf of an Organisation, Branch orCommittee, please fill in the following in addition to the above:NAME OF ORGANISATIONNAME OF BRANCH

OR COMMI TTEE

13 Fined For Illegal Procession

W~ve~~e ~~;~ . t~~t r~~~i~S~our appeal, each and everyoneof you decides that you had" better do something about it."But the weeks and months slipbv and very few of you reallydo get round to doing "some­thing about it,"

In the meantime. our cry forhelp gets louder and more des­perate, and for a verv good \reason. UNLESS NEW AGECAN GET IN A SUBSTAN­TIAL SUM OF MONEYWITHIN THE NEXT TWOMONTHS, WE SHALL BEFORCE D TO CONSIDERCLOSING DOWN.

We must survive. and wecan survive. But only if everypolitically conscious and activeCongressman and democratgets stuck in and helps us.

Money from the masses. andmasses of money. is what wenow need. It i~ up to you tosee that we get it.

,WE GIVE YOU TWOMONTHS-FROM THE lstMARCH TO THE 30thAPRIL - IN WHICH TOSHOW WHAT YOU CANDO.

THE PRIZEA friend has donated a large

and beautiful Dinner Service asa prize in a competition inwhich we now invite you toparticipate.

You can work as individuals,organisations, branches and bygelling together and formingsmall commit tees. The cornpe­nnon IS open to everyone.

The prize will be awardedaccording to the greatest effortput in, and the Judges' decisionwill be final. In other words, itis not the amount raised that

Readers, Toke Pori In ThisNew Compelition

"I WAS FRIGHTE ED OF CAPE TOWN EDITORIAL

THEWOMEN" POLICEMAN ANCME~!I~~ AFRICAN WORIERS FIGHTThere was no truth in the rumour TOLIVE

TELLS (OURT ~~iJ ~~. ~..NNCgw:na:a.b~~~~ ~~~guf i WHILE Cabinet Ministers prate of "industrial peace" in ordera meeting of the Cape Town Branch to attract overseas investment, hundreds of miserably paidof the A.N.C. on the Grand Parade workers have been brought before the courts in all four provincesla~h~~~d~ight be a few people of the Union in recent weeks because they dared to go on strikewho were dissatisfied. but thev were for higher wages.an insignificant number. he said. In most cases the pattern has been the same. The bosses turn

"There IS nothing wrong in ad- a deaf ear to the workers' complaints; in desperation the workersvocating a broad national ism in refuse to work; the bosses call in the officials of the Native

CAPE TOWN. there was an Immense hubbub . The South Africa. embracing all who Labour Board: the men are ordered to return to work without'1'Ht~~~:~~u::ril~as~ :~e~e~t p{~~ :~~enth~~dn~e~anf~r~~d le~~~ , /h~~ ~~i~~d~·N~~ . ~~Ii~~i~e o~·re a~~~ any promise of an increase, and if they refuse they are arrested.Wynberg Magistrate 's Court because were all quite angry about the pay- Coloured. but. we demand an In not a single case in the strikes of the last few weeks have~U.r~fc~a~er~ trying to put them ment of theE~~DENCE ~~~;\e s~~~~ s t~l t ~e t~~s;eecSt~dofasth: the Native Labour B03l'd officialssucceeded in settling a dispute

cip~~i~ hi~ b~~n i~~;,~fte~r~~~~~~~ wa~h~h~:Ot~; ~~~~~ceh:J' ~:rdh~aJ pe~~I:'''meet ing was attended by pea~~f~~~vernment policy to keep wages low, to smash Africanprotesting against the pass laws and in an orderly procession .through about 500 people and r::solutions unions, to punish strikers-in other words, to make life easy forha~~~e~a:~e~o£lmO~n~~~e~~a~~Uld ~~~d:t~e;Js ;~CLaflnag~ . carrving pla- :~~gle a:C°i~~dA.N~~~p~~~mr~ject:~: the bosses. By means of influx. c~ntrol and the labou~ bureaurather work in jail:' the women all One placard said: " Verwoerdl If Bantu Authorities. the Bantu De. syste~, the free flow of labour IS impeded. In each ~am centredec lar ed and they were taken to passes are so good let vour wife velopment C or po ra t ion. and de - there IS a pool of unemployed workers. Men who stnke may notthe cell-, holding their thumbs high carry one too!" Another placard manding the repeal of the Urban only face dismissal and prosecution; they may also be endorsed111~~~e: ff:~~ S~~~\ells could be ~~~~~~ed ~~~~~lea~h~f h~ed JOC:~~ Areas Act out. of the area. Men from the unemployed pool scramble to take

rnea~h lt~ ~h~n~t~~/~~i~~~~:;n~~;~ ~~~~~~~d for protes ting against the - - ""-' . -- . . thel~c;a~:tive Labour Board must be exposed for what it is-aalso joinmg. . , . The police sergeant who gave evi- no~H~~~~~D'wltl~kea ~~~~:Ck~ strike-breaking agent of the bosses. In the last two years, accord­co~~t e:s C~~7dp;ea~~I~~ °t~tsi::~i~ ~~~c~aiJmd:te20~~ata~~~hin~m~~afn~~ military. dictatorship . .Som~ '70 Thai ing to figuresgiven by the Mi~ister ~f Labour, Senator de Klerk,the women to 20 to jail, A collec- the law at the meeting, and that and Chinese progressives have been the~ have been 173 st es 1D whlfh a total of over 13,000tion was quickly begun to raise the when he had finally st ormed the arrested In

fterns of !~e local,,~p- Afncao workers have taken part.

nec es -a ry money. . procession the w0l!len had -dispersed f::~sl~bse~verso~';f~~~kl/~cePtigi In only 9 cases were the disputes settled by the granting ofWh~O~I~l i~~~~\~:~~en t to In ~~ o:I~~r1YaJ~i~:~~' that he had whether there was in fact. a plot," incr~ased wages ~r improved working conditioos-9 cases out of

~~~~.r t~~ear~~I~:~~e~is }~~ t~eOfi~~ ~~~hn~~~n~aJom~~~nn~h~~e~~~ ~~ ~oe~~ented the London Times last 173~~ ~: ~t=·hand, in 1958 alone prosecutions were institutedhad been made, he went off com- prevent them. - _ ........" __ on 23 occasions and a total of 453 workers were convicted.~:f \n~~gw~~re~~~ :~t~::' ~e~~ a~li~ no~S~~~ebYh{~ed~~~en~~dw~~U~e ;~~ CHINA will start turning all its That is the Government's wa! to, "industrial peace"-beaCand made out the .receip ts, they vented the commission of an deserts, -with a total acreage ac- and bludgeon, prosecute, fine and ~pnson, .should at least stay for the night. offence, the sergeant answered: "I counting for 11% of the total area As for the Wage Board- while the African people starve,Them with their Afrika!" was frightened of. the women." of the c~lUntry, into oases, forests only 7 determinations have been made in the last two years

BUI when he got to the cells There was laughter In the court. and grazing grounds next year. (1957 and 1958), and in vital industries the Board has recom-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ll m~d~wq~ ~w~ili~iliose prevail~g~iliemom~tM~~

while the bosses are making bigger profits than ever before.African workers, know your enemies! The bosses and the

Government are in league against you! Strengthen your organi­sations, the trade unions and the African National Congress!Fight for your rights, for better wages and working conditions!Fight for £1 a day!

Away with the Native Labour Board and the Government'santi-labour laws!

The Freedom Charter says: "There shalI be work and security.AlI who work shall be free to form trade unions, to elect theirofficers and to make wage agreements with their employers ...Men and women of all races shall receive equal pay for equalwork ' , , There shall be a forty-hour working week, a nationalminimum wage . . . Child labour, compound labour, the totsystem. and contract labour shall be abolished."

FORWARD TO FREEDOM IN OUR LIFETIME!

NEW AGE, TH URSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1959

ISRAEL has appointed a specialcommittee to find out why so manyJews are leaving the country.63,000 have left during the past tenyears according to official figures,but it is estimated that a consider­able number more who originallyleft as tourists did not return.

A CLeaderso Perjury

Cradock Inquest.

PORT ELIZABETH.

I NCrt:doc~~~I~t ~~~n}~~m t£~~te;'~Nek, there has been growing ten-sion during the last three weeks. The Committee fo r the Safeguard

On January 12, 1959, a farmer, of the Non-racial Franchise willMr. P. W. Raux, aged 76, was call a conference in the Library,found battered to death in his bed. City Hall, on Monday, March 2, atPolice and detectives started an in- 8 p.rn.tensive investigation. In the course The Committee, which consists ofot their investigation Mr. Moyisi representatives of numerous localSikaka, over 70, and his wife were organisations, was responsible fordetained. A day after Mr. Sikaka the recent deputation to the Adrnini­had spent a night under crosss- strator which protested against theexamination by the police he died, threat to remove the Colouredand the police buried his body even voters from the common municipalthough his relatives wanted to go roll, and was a co-sponsor of theand bury it themselves. mass meeting called by the Mayor

In the course of the inquiry into on the question of job-reservationthe cause of the death of Movisi and the franchise.Sikaka the police stated that' he The conference is being calledmight have died as a result of in- for the purpose of broadening and VICTORY FOR CANNING WORKERS: Two fingers in the air means " two shillings an hourjuries received from falling while strengthening the committee. overtime pay."his hands were handcuffed behind

~~s r:nac;waa:.teh~em~:i~tr::~eftut~~ SA IT BY T /,IE WAVE 280 CODningthat the cause of death was sub-cranial haemorrhage probably • .• . . Workers Foundcaused by falling.

In answer to a question by anattorney, Mr. Venter, who held a (Continued from page I) mands outstanding. SOME FACTORIES ARE Nol Cu.-Ilywatc? ~ng brief . fo ~ the relatives ,?f concluded between the employers ':During the c~urse of this short PAYING WOMEN WORKERS AS .

~~Y1hS~~~~~rh~~~t r~~gh~ur::~~ ::~~ and .thei ~ representatives for an im- ::'~~\ir~atiab~:~~. ha~l:~d~or~: t~'ULE Et~Jos . i~A~ W~~~M JOHANNESBURG.caused by hitt ing the head against mediate Increase of from 51-to 7/6 worke!'S have elected . a ten-man \\,ORKERS GET ! THE 280 workers of H. Jones anda heavy object. per week. com~ee to act as.thelr spokesman 'St -k N 3 Co. were found not guilty of

CLAIMS BEATING A significant feature of this strike on all . ISsue, affecting the workers. '1 e o. taking part in an illegal strike lastI h id M Ar was that the whole African popu- What IS more the employers have Friday and streamed out of court

Sik~ka e[hee~iJ~~e of ~~. I ~getTa lation of the are~ turned up p agr~,ed to recognise this commit- after the verdict in great spints.Moyisi Sikaka told th e a ~ th r; support of the ,stnkers. At one of tee. . CAPE TOWN. There was hand-shaking all round.

she and her l;te h.usba~dc~~~ beean ~~y~anYa Jd~:~~~~s ~~~re ~:rk~~~ ar~~~ee: t~~!e t~~r~~ceuu':.~~ ~~~ O VER 2,000 Af!ican workers t~~~ts t~o~~:~:~uii~~ aJ~~t~; ~i~~~eaaste~e:t~nth~hh~h~~~ ~:s s:~~r i~e people other than the workers con- Native Labour (Settlements of Dis- at the dynamite factory at bolises their demand for two shil-a bab h b k H h : ~ cerned demanded a settlement and putes) Act or the Master and Ser- Somerset West came out on lings an hour overtime.had h~d°his e~eadc bashe:d ~~ai~st warned the e!"~lo¥ers t~at If the vants Act, .Mr. Mabhida said that strike for higher wages last Their union immediately starteda door while he was being taken workers were intimidated Into going It w.as obviously t h~.unity o~ the week. negotiations with their employero~t. At the s~me time he had been t CkaWo:~~k :~e ~~~~;ie j~ul~h~~t :d~~~;d b;dth~h~eo~~~t~ft tl::t~~::' . The work~rs say a notice promis- ~o r kall the workers to be taken

~i~ s:~:~ ~~e~~ S~:s a~~ateh:a~~ ar:~. . . . "It was obvious from what I ~:s t:~~edhl~~erbyw~::s~~n1:~~~~ ah'e magistrate, .Mr. P. 1. v~nanother room. When last she saw This 15 our ~and and you have heard. at a meetmg With the people last ear. On pay day at the end of Heer~en, . givmg judgement, saidhim blood was oozing from the come .here With your factory. m. this area that they were .deter- Janu~ry however only the higher- that In view of the circumstances

ea~hen she was asked why she ~h~;~!::e::g~ ~:~ PtlreyOu:r:e::~ ~;i:~ i~Ot~~k~o~~e~~t~:r:~rtr~~te~~ ~~~kers~~~~:h;~~dUc~~~ks ~~~:~~ }~~ ~~P~°!s~~~i~er~fP~~~k. t~~l~~~~h~:rth~r fh~~ba~d sh~dn ~~~teb:en~ ~~c~~:mf~' ~~cla:~I:;:r s~c~ s~~: pe~~:tm~~~e;~~n ~~ythi~~k~l~e, a~c~ ~fiV~~r~~~~e~~~~i;~il~othi~C~~s~ri~ ~hh~ i~~~at~~P;h:~~ ~sp~~:s~~~ r~h~beaten, she told the court that an dressed the workers. cording to M~. Mabhida, was the all. from the beginning the emp.layersAfrican detective who interpreted EQUAL WAGES knowledge w~lch was con,:eyed to The higher paid workers now re- were to blame over the Christmasfor her had deliberately refused The settlement that was finally them Just pno r to the stnke that ceive between £17 and £25 a month. pay. The employe~s were also to beto interpret correctly what she said. reached ensures that. both male and the .present ~wne:s had dosed down The lowest paid workers, however, blamed .for the .IntroductlOn of aWhen she drew his attention to the female workers will receive the their factories In Fordsburg and receive only £7 a month, and they change In condition. of work. Thatmisrepresentation he told her he same s tartl~g wage of £1 5. ~ . per Durban and come to Hammersdale were enraged when they discovered was the spark .whlch led to thewas interpreting. week. Previously the wages palo to where they knew they could get that they were to receive no in- complete cessation of work, he

workers were 17/6 for the women labour at a much lower rate of pay crease after all. said.ANC MEMBERS ARRESTED and ~I .pe~ week for men. that in the urban areas. MEETING On the argument of Mr. 1. Slovo,Some members of the local This IS In contrast to th~ agree- On the first Saturday after pay- who. appeared f~: t.he 280, tfie

Branch of the ANC, which has ment conclude~ by . Bolton s Gar- S \ -k N 4t day they had a meeting with a re- magistrate said : ThiS may ~av~

~~~~~h~~e ae~p~~f:1 o~oha~~:s t~~ ~~~,t a~~~~i~~ t~n~~ichea;~1y J~~~ trl e · o. 6. ~rh~e~~i~vhe a:ad t~eo ~~:rt~ed~ beA~k~dlot~-~~~;~::t ~~ ~h:it:I~~~_case re-opened, have been arrested ~ale workers were to be paid an anything but would have to write tory, one of the '!or kers said: "T~IS

~~dtl~:a~~~~le~i~hr~~~~d~b:e~o~~ :·~~~i:s~u~~r~~~- gr m':l~k .gar~Se~~ I Nt~~rY~a~no~~~r ~~ac~:g :~~~~~~ !~ trgh~~~~sboU~~.e °J eth~ef~s~J'~~~ ~~r~o~fo~W ~a:r;:~~i.7S:~~hthAf;il:~~i~a, -, P~~~~it I~~~j~:~~ M~~: ~~r~;~s j;;;,e on the streets I ~Ok ~~Jr~ 5~ ~~~ic~~yw~~~~~:i~al~a~~~ fh~~ th~~e :O~~f2b:in in~~~~~~mg :::p: : eo;~~o:~s~~~~.)o use the

Ri~~~dA~:rie1:n~~ha~fa~h:Plica. shJr~sle~~~~ei na~r~:~~~~~a~~dl~de~ ~~~hod~e~f i~ ::~tee~re~:~~sh~~~ wo~:rs n;~~ ~a~ee~~~di~' th~i~ -----<,;>--

tion for the re-opening of the in- termmatlon for . Bolt~n s unIOn. workers get a starting wage of 15s. quarters and decided that nobody

A~~~~n~aY~G~~~~ala~~ a~~ thp~~s~~~ ~~~~d t~~~:hP;i~l~ipI~n~C:::bo~i~d t~~ a Tweek. 'k " k ~~aOyUI~tgh~~1:~~S o~oii:t°n~~{~ ~~~ . f. '.studving the relevant documents. its agreement with the employers, h wo countryhstn "es l!nhone wee

hhigher-paid workers taki~g part. 103 Arlcan Jners

. every day new wor~ers a~e brought ave turned t e .spot Ig. t on teAt II a.m. on Monday morning, •-<$>-- into the industry, 10 spite of the ~unger wages ~emg paid by . the officials of the company came to Discharged

DURBAN OUTCRY ~r~~:Jo;~~~en~u:o~k~rs.of unem- ~f:~~~s re~e:~es ::~ a~~y ~Fomn~~ ~~d c~m~i~fs"~f t~~:t~~t~~\;~~~~The total number of experienced Reef ~here ~ontrolled wages are Board who addressed the workers VENTERSBURG.

"It (~~~~~~:~sfr~m ;~~: I~tfack :::e~t inW~~~a;gi::tOf°J.5:~PIOY· ~~~:e tf~c~~r~~h~~e th;:Yi~~~ rates ~~dw~~k~ them they should go back 21~~fr~~~d~~e~sn~f tt:~;in~f ;~~upon a defenceless people and is The strike at Hammersdale also The Wage Board agreement for The workers asked: "Are you ~·ere . arrested on ~ charg~ of pub­a classical example of what can shows that the African worker is the reserve areas is now before the men from the Government?" hc vlOlen~e followmg a dlsturba'.lcChappen to people who are given ready for trade unionism. Their Minister of Labour for his ap- The Native Labour Board om- on the. mlOe were found not ~U11tyneither a voice in making laws, nor quick, short strike for higher wages proval. This agreement recommends ciaIs replied: "Yes." and discharged at the end 01 lhe

h'l~:,r. ~~ ~~id.application of those rh:t mt~/~~r~~~~es~a~~d ;~ai~~le:~ ~e~':~r~~r~ (~h~~ti~gaw::~/~f. f5~~ pofrh~a:O:~:rs~e~;~~jn~~~s~~p~~~ ~r~i~ f:sili~a~a;se~t~! al being held''The Natal Indian Congress can. Important lesson from their victory. a week plus lOs. 9d. cost of hvmg us to pay without any increase in In the V~ntersbllrg jarl.

not accept the Group Areas Act as FURTHER DEMANDS allowance). Aft~r four year~ the wages." . ~a whole or in part. We do not want Mr. Moses Mabhida. Chairman wage for a quahfied worker IS re- . The .Natlve Labou: Bo~ rd offi-to see an area deproclaimed at the of the South African Congrt;ss of commen~ed at £2 .15s. On the Reef c!als ~ald they would mveshgate theexpense of another. Our demand is Trade Unions, and Mr. George t~e startmg wage IS £2 3. 9 a week, SItuation, but could make no pro­for the repeal of the Group Areas Mbele, Organiser of the Natal nsmg to £3 3. 3 after three years. mises. The workers refused to goAct and for complete freedom for African Congress, who were on the The recommended wage is thus back to work.all people, no matter to which scene of the strike the day it began, just over half the Rand level, but INTIMIDATIO Nracial group they belong, to pur- told New Age that the workers low as these recommended wages The workers were then threatenedchase and occupy land wherever were not wholly satisfied with their are, factories near the Reserves are with dismissal and endorsement outthey please," he concluded. victory. There were still further de- today paying even lower wages. (Continued on page 5)

NEw AGE, TH URSDAY, FEllRUARY 19. 1959 NEW AGE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY J9. 1959

"Mail" AssociateEditor ResignsOver Mosley

HAP PYBIRTH DAY

(Continued from page 1)

Brown, M.P., United Partymember for North East Rand,was asking in the House howa permit of permanent resi­dence came to be issued to Mr.Derek Alexander, the formerschool teacher who is Mosley'schief deputy in this country.

Shortly after the return ofthe "Ma il" editor, Mr. L. O. V.Gandar, Mr. Benson resigned,and nine davs afler the firstI ~ader another, WIth a very~~~il.~t tone, appeared in the

Entitled "Disturbing," theleader said the whole affair ofMosley's visit to certain Cabi­net Ministers "has a most un­pleasant smell about it.

"The Nationalists-.are always~oasting about the highly selec­tIVenature of their immigrationcontrols and one is thereforeentitled to ask whether theyconsider a man identified withMosley's political outlook is asuitable settler in this country.The strong public reaction tothe Mosley visit leaves nodoubt what most people thinkon this point."

Cape Town

22 Years ago

this week

This is Liberation Cbabalala ­LITTLE LIBBY to you. He willbe appearing in New Age SOOft,in our own brand new comicsection. Be sure to buy your NewAge regularly and follow LIT­TI...E LIBBY on his adventuresevery week witb Kasper Katchum,the horrible Recruiting Agent,Oom Veldskoen van der Mealie­blaar , Sergeant Shark of theSpecial Branch. Meet also Libby'spals Frikadel and MustaphaMoonsammy, and a host of otber

characters.

IT BY STH IE The GuardianNenspaper

E was born in

.A.

Midnight Police TerrorSpreads to Newclare

SAYS"NO!"

IIIONCE- "Yizani Nipuze Madoda!" (Come And Drink Men!) was the I

:1 appeal of Joburg's Manager of the Non-European Mfairs Department

, S CIAllSTUNIST?

Three B e l g i a 0 lawyers,briefed for the defence of Mr.Arthur Pinzi and Mr. GastonDiomi, tbe mayors of two Leo­poldville African suburbs, whohave been held in jail since therecent outbreak which led toconstitutional reforms are notbeing permitted to see theirclients or undertake their de­fence.

The three lawyers, who wereappointed by the wives of thejailed leaders, include Mr.Jean Terfve, a former secretaryof the Belgian CommunistParty . Tbey were told hy theauthorities tbat local lawyerswere being appointed.

A statement of protestagainst this obstruction has

:~~er:~e~O:Jhe~hew~h~Jules Cbome, president of theInternational Association ofDemocratic Jurists, and Mr.Jules Wolf, president of the in­ternational section of the Inter­national League of HumanRights.

JOHANNE SBURG. which station he was being taken to that occasion. The previous week-

THr~iJ~o r~~I~ o;r~~~tsnit~~y ~~~~~ hes~~e~~k~lif' she could take her b~dth~O;~li~~ ~e t~~d ~~3Iear~fs~h~acre-s the tram lines from Sophia- small baby with her. in reply to night, together with his wife. whotown to Newclare. The Resettle- which the constable hit her on the was ill, and his brother. His daugh-

A FfER Nehru what? In In- favo~ri te, i~ too obviously the no guiding lines from theorv, and ~~ el~is ~~~~~~ ~~lc~O~a~g~~~~ J'~~:a;~~ S l d~I~~g~~i{~C~any others arrested ~r~a~g~l:~ds~tax~~ga~:~h ~~:e~:d~mdia the quest.ion is raised ~~~~~c~ndlda te to Win mass ac- ~~ohV~t fa~Chb~t:rn~~a~a t~~f~;~? ~~ a Coloured Group Area, and all for hav mg no permits, she waited Five days later officials of the

more than ever smce the new Washington is said to be hedging said. Newclare Africans. many of whom at Newlands police station with her Resettlement Board called on himround of military coups in Asia, on the more popular Jayaprakas b Himself a Brahmin, like Nehru have lived all their lives in the place husband and daughter. At II p.m. saying that he must move by theand the consolidation in Paki - Narain, mystical "socialist" and and many other democratic intellec- arS~~~eha~~de::e~o n~g~ed to Mea- ~~~ ;~li~e a~~u~~~ ~~sb:m;~~d h:~ we~~eh:s o~ee~e r~f~~~ bae h~~~~te~stan of the rule of bribery and ::~~;~e inheritor of Gandhi's ~~~~~ ~ath~u~~~~h1 tj:dit1~~,n~~~ dowlands, others have found go horne. As soon as she could that Meadowlands, although his daughtercontempt of the people. Home Minister Pant has the du- of the obstacle of caste and reli- homes in municipal townships. but n~ornmg she went to Coronation- would like her mother to come

Attention is drawn more sharply bious advantage of landlord back- gious prejudices to building popu- a large number do not qualify for Ville hospital for treatment. there and live with her.to the West's increasing pressure ing. lar unity-a problem hardly existing houses and have nowhere to go.

aO~i;:~~oc~~~ ~~~O~I~g Con- no~~P~~~n~S~1~i~~~r ~~i~h~ae~~~ i{95~.hina, as he saw on a visit in r~ei~o~e~~i~~ ~~n~lclieJ~ a~de;~li~: A Meeting Arrested LIKE A HURRICANE

:~=b~~W~o~ ::kea .J,a~~:; f~r~~~tP~~hiss~b~~~:nir~~ hI~ili~ sit;ett~'th~~eo~~~t~av~nnOreii~~~~ ~~:~o~~e p~::~:edth~n R~~~~~:~~~ THE police raiders go from door These are but a few examples of

Is there a democrat in tbe bouse? during the independence struggle. grounds-e-devout Hindus, Moslems Board has been clearing that area, to door knocking people up, the increasing terror that reigns for

Possible Successors ~a~di~t~h~nC~~tg~:~e:ef:ef:il~e~d an~~~~~:~e~:h~ ~~tl~~~s.::uy are in full swing in Newclare, ~~~k~t ath;OI?:~ge~nO~~e b~~~:d I~S~ Af~~:~\~~s~~~~ah~~e permits are

Finance Minister Morar]i Desai, the people .have ~ot. forgotten. nther in Ke~la and he g!"es it "a Mother of 12 Punched :io~~i tf~ww~~r~~w~~~~;~~I~~~ni~ r~;r s:~:p~n~ic~t ts: because theythe "private sector~s" dictatorial mJJ:~ts5r:~: d~~iJ:~s~ve~O~~1 a::1: ~~~inscth~nc:nit~f o;~ffi:~~ even . . progress, and everyone .at the meet- "We go into the veld at night"

~========;'I I ~~~~ni~~kf;d i~' .~~~ean~: Peasant Movement Must the Beerhalls be Moved? .l\ ~~~~NonWltt~e e}:~nb~h~d~~~ ~~~.was arrested and piled into the ~olr~e t~~::'eo~~w~o~~eIJe~'a ~~~~i:quietly given up all ambition of licernan in Newclare when she This took place some time after cane" one inhabitant of " tin town"

CONGO LEADERS ~~~!r en~o~~idC~~gre;~liti c.a l. ~~:~ sa~heor~~~:~io~~b~~s C;~~ltele~~ ~~~~~ :~ ~~il~~u~~r rfi~~r~~~~h ~~~ ~~e ti~e:t~:s ~~~~a~~dio ~~ ;~n~~ i~~i'n;Th~o~ ~y~,OWA~~~~:rnes ~~~DENIED OWN :~~-c~~~u~l~eL~f~~p~~~iti~no~:, ~~~~~o_~:r%be~~o~a~~e~a~~i~fi~ ~~~ron~~~o:i s ~tiW~e.c~~vi~~eh!s~i~~ ~~~~~ d . 1h~~e ~h~ithate~~r;;irs ~~~:~d b~~~u~~o~hero<%~uo:a~~slta~:J I $~~~~~~~~=::

veloping inside Parliament No such leader Basu: "We are learning from treatment for the Injury. saw them cancelled before their been taken away on permit raids.LAWYERS talk is heard today."· the Kerala ' experience-both sides i:=~~~~~~~~~~~~:=:::::~~~~~l liv~rsio~h~~~~ ~~:~bie~\.j~~~l~:e~ ey~ . Co loured woman was found sh~ulder~ldan~o~~~: s~.~~g~~d th~i~

The Communists ~:e~~' t;h~e ~~~~~i~~nju~~ f~er~1~ Men Mus' Drink. III TODAY-Close the said that on the night of February among those arrested, but she was world."Thus the CP is the only organised posing's. sake, and if you giye that for'hiiJ~~lceill~~:I~~d i~erN~~s~:~:, relO~:%ld man, Peter Molubi, was sh:'A;~s ~~~~l xg~sW~rl~h~hj~r:

party seriously .challenging Con- ~~gr~~~i~~SI~~~ people don t take When They Are drink somewhere else! When she asked the policeman at the meeting but escaped arrest on she answered. - ,gress. Many of lis leaders, especi- The CP's new rural concentra-ally In Kerala, are former Congress lion drew nearly 10.000 peasants to Th- ,cadres with honourab le jail records a "mass symbolic fasting" in hun- ,rs yIII I~el~~ep:~ede~ ~~I:d fr?~ g6m~t~i~ts ~fa~~~~an:a~~ig~u~~~~:pde;;;~:ona:;rlyb~~e6,O~~~OO :::i~n~~c?~~n~i~l:~to~~~~t~~:'~ri~ NO~h:~e l:~ ~gobrl;f l;~~~o~h~~~:::; ~~ }:5~, sUnd~~~.tbe '52 Bombay. ~~~b~r~~i~~~:al~~% f:~:ejno~to~i~hN;J.eSe~~ 1J~grq~~h ~~3f%~d.i~ Future ~~i~s~~a~~~s b~~rh:11~ Africans toto me"h~re, IS to . JOIn hl;inds With Whatever happens politically, an Council revenues from beer wereNehru In defending parliamentary army coup after the .Pakistan model dropping, so here the Manager ofdemocracy ~!l~ the FIve-Year Plans seems unlikely, India IS too large the Non- European Affairs Depart-

~gh;:~st ~~~~:i~~~rya C~~~re:strupg;A~ ~~~ta1~ve~~~st:~~atde~~~ti~O~1~~ ~~~~g~r. a:d {heCat~~nhi~h:i~~:~ (Continued from page 3) dated profits have ranged betweencies, ments and have a tradition of not of the Council's Non-European of toWll, and eventually some of £1.500,000 and £3,500,000a year.

Kerala in Spotlight m1~dli~~ inhih~l i~b~ve Bombay a ~ll~rrs n~~m~i~:~be~r~f ~IrTi~: ~h{~ ::~e.~~e t~ig~~1 ~~~kt~~ ;'~f~~ Str.·ke No 4The eyes of all India today ~re long-haired "holy man" p~ophesied ment, ,urged Africans to drink and to move Ill, and two of the men • I

on Kerala. where the Commumsts to me the break-up of IndIa. and a drink some more. (See above.) w~rc a l rested and charged with in-hold power un-allied with any other period of " terrible bloodshed" under Now the tune has changed. "Go citement to strike. Their case comes Cape Town

bb~r~rr~er~,oC~ie~k~i~~~~~'N~~~ co~pc~~l.~ ;~~~~~e, "after Nehru" ~~o~d~~r~ ! ~? S~hye t~eca;i~thS~ritfe:.ay OffM~~t F~~rut~~ ~~rkers are now TW~~;~-~?he :e~[~~I~ M:~:budmpad told me, the CP IS 60,000 -but thiS IS India, the land 9f fan- This week the Minister of Bantu bac.k at work, but some have left strate's Court last week on a charge l ir~=======~lstrong. "mostly peasants, mostly tastic contradictions in which no- Administration and Development the!r cmploy~ent and returned to of taking part in an illegal strike

l it~W:' have to take decisions with ~~d~'sgb~~k~uite according to any- ~?~~~D~n~~' ~~s~~:a~;~' ~~s S~;u~ theIr~~N~GE~EN~e~{L~NT }tiS~~~Sk~~~i~t~cea?r5~;~a:~~~~oizers,the beerhalls. The Nat's Mentz Approached by . Ne~ Age for a The factory employs about 50

~:~c~~~b~o~m~~~hh~:l1tfodrU~~~ ~~~~~~~to~nt~~ec~~u;~~Oy\~?~s~a~~ ;t;e~~e~oTheo~~h~~ ~~~se~n~~closing of the Central, Mai Mai co~~;n~2e: We have heard the bu~~~pou·nd. sleeping on doublei~: 3e~::h~ll~r~:I~~:~~~~~hf~;~d- L workcll>' stO! Y. N.ow we want to 12'. • ten to a room about 12' x

The City Council provides for round to the plan to move the beer-, ~ea~ }'lmr s ld~ o[ }h~ story. Wd About three weeks ago the men

~~d c~~~~iglyO~t~eer ~~~:~~llIsbi~r~~~ ha~~'l b . . . fir Superintendent Acquitted on Morals Charge w~~td Y,li~~ ~~ ~a~~ ~~~etOth~'l~uwUhn:ll ~~~;;~ aa~dut::~~~ tocot;e Iti~~~,~ownship~: but a~so bee~hans .10 said: a ~~~~~ I~ a;u~n!t~~~~;h.g We weTh:~I~~aac~~~~t~' We have been wages. H7 said he had . no powersecluded spots In the Industna l lift heavy steel all day. .We come U-t hAC L h especially r~uested b the Native to deal WIththe ~atter. hImself, andarT~ of~~ cltyN . I C' to pick up strength dunn g lunch. l en age aunc es Labour Board to mak/no statement ~sked. them to walt untIl the manag-

of th~ Tra~~~~al i:t~;:osed o~ogr~~ ~illth\~~ ;~';:u/~~re~~~h~~.ll , where to~he pr~ss. . C Id t 11 Illg~~rte~~~ ~~~e~~~~: a~~wnWh en~~~~p~~ +t~yb ~~~~: lrorO~~et~i tt~,~ Acro~s the ~ay a p oup of Zulu Eonom -Ie Boycott whe~~r :~~ h~~e , ~~~ ;eco~~ ~rd ~~~~aro t:~t Tna~~gl~pgpe~i~:~~ ~~workers, says Congress, and "men fla.t .wor,~ers III th~lf blue get-up C me~ded tha~ the workels should get the men went to the works mana-

~~s~h~~~n~, when and where they ~~I:e' no '%~en~t:YinIllth~O~~nsh~: . . ~~c~~~rel~s~~u~~ef~ti~:eJ~h ;~~: ger again and de.manded a wage of

g But sJ iing beer should . ~ot .be ~~v~h~obb~~~~l~~s a~~~~e~lIwr~Wd~~ . A case un~~~re1~1~~~~~H~ct th:hs~p~~i~o~~d Ws~~hpa~:~ ~t~h~ ili~~kek~ea:d s~cho~ld p~~~os~~e~~~ :~s'w:itd~~~ ~tfeal~~~~~in~edir:~f~~~~s mc~ir~~;. °k~~~gmb~:~~~~a~~d :~'~s;h~h~~~~e t~~ubf~lf~o~~ c~~ ~~p~~~~~nd~n~', ~rrtlt~~ha~~~a~~ ~h~lr:rr~~n~:I~b~:sp~~;iedYa~~dt~~ un~~~ ~~~i~:~::~~~. (after much in- ~~~ d~~~ Tt~eU:~n ~~~I;~dat1 ; t S'h~~:I~t~:r ::o~~r.k~~~eBe~~e?Sc~o~~ ~~~n~I~'g ? " But why stop us from ti~~~e~i~h ~at~~n~~~ ~~I~Uar~d r~:rl~ ~?~~~ati~~m~~,~~~~~iyT~~d:~r~~~ ~~~n~a~~~~u~~obno~;dB~e~~ah~ffi~~I~~ f~d:o~k tili~ ;~xt tg~~. would .not go

}~~d t~o .dnnk , It IS the workers . "~ere wdl we go at lunch haSo~~d ~i~e: hie~~slf~~~d not pa~~ 1:;Jlil~~V~ol~~~nb~dyJ~~t ~fof~~~ ~o:~~~ wLa~~~~ ~~~f(r~~r~at~ ~~ tu~heu;~~ag~~g /~~~~~~ t~~d ~~~

JOhann~~~~s Q~~~IS sm~1l ~~;~ers.a~~~~k a~r;:~r~Pm°Jus~:~~~~ ~~::t~'f t~~/~9h~n~~~~f~~t~~il~h~d ~I;Ofh~he:~y~~~t b~f"Naii~~~I~it"~~t- statement to the press. f~~ r;::~n~~i~~ d~~~to~~~s~ro~:s~:~::~sa~~ b~n~U:U~~rg f~~ ~u~~~II~X ~~s~ ~~tI~; ~o~~~~ ~~~~ddrin~~~ ~~s~~~si:sr;~ut~~e t~O~;s~tie~~o~f ~h~t~NlC h~~dIlite~i~~r:~~~e~ii::e~~~ si!;~O~~OT~hem~!;;ca~nd;~irl~; ~t7heto~tiv~0~~~~rw~~ar~~~~I~of beer. There 's not much time to bec~use of a few people? Let the the Superintendent. which it claims are Nationalist- pro- Ltd., which dances to the tune of said they would raise the men'sr.ush to the beerhall, queue for your police keep the. peace and orde,~ In his evi?ence Mr. Ford gave a<; ?lIced,. and warned. that a longer list the ~ t r j ke-b reak ing Native Labour complaints with the m~naging direc-tIcket, and then .you~ sc~le, find IIlstead of mOVIng the be~rhall.. an. explanatIOn of. the ~act .that he mcludmg foodstuffs wllI be distri- Board, is part of the Oppenheimer tor, but that meanwhile they mustso.mewhere to dn nk It :-vlth your And an office worker ca~r YIllg .hIS SWitched off the lights In hIS office buted shortly. empire. It produces explosives, return to work.fflends. and th~n ~own It and get scale walked over and chIpped In: when he was alone with the girl, the New Age understands that a peti- fertilizers, paints, cyanide for the Some men then returned to work,back . to work In tIme. "Wherever people. f.re crowded to- fact that she was one of his in- tion is being prepared for presenta- gold mines, disinfectants and in- but 22 held out for an increaseD~vers, clerks, la~~urers, ~o· gether there are likely to be fights. formers on ANC activities. He did tion ~o ~he Uitenhage Co.uncil for secticides, leather-cloth and many first. At this stage the police were

meshc servants, mUnicipal pollce Move the b~erhalls. somewhere else not want the ANC people to see the dIsmIssal of the Supenntendent. other articles. The company has called in and all 22 were arrested.American millionaire David Rockefeller, on a visit to South Africa to open a brancb of the Chase-Man- and delivery men throng the place. and you ml~t stili . have a fight her, he said. The girl denied that Hundreds of signatures have already an auth orised capital of £23 mil- Their case has been adjourned tohattan Bank, told reporters: "We wiD invest in South Africa provided the atmosphere remains friendly." It's easy enough to bring talk there from tIme to tIme." she was an informer. been obtained. lion. In recent years its consoli- March 3. ' !,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~

EXTRACTS FROM AN ARTICLE WRITTEN IN INDIA BY U.S. NATIONAL GUARDIAN EDITOR

CEDRIC BELFRAGE.

WHO WILL SUCCEED NEHRU?

NI;W AGE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19. 1959

AFRICA ON THE MARCH - 8

Egypt-Bridge BetweenAfrica and Asia

THEATRE

"PLAY-WHITES" AND THEFIGHT AGAINST APARTHEID

*

MU~~tr?~~t i~~e~f~~e a~~~:l;::to crim e in South Africa . Our jailsar e filled with a great number of"crim inals" whose only misde­mea nour was that the y didn 't havea piece of officia l paper or a re­ference book in their possessi onat the right time . This wholecountry. in fa ct, has become aprison for millions of bla ck peo­ple who have been condemned tothe to rtu re of refer ence books andpas ses.

Now the swor d of condemna­tio n mu st be po inted the otherway.

I ACC USE the Government andthe whole pass-law system of 'amo nstrous crime.

I ACCUSE them all of havingbeen responsible for the dea th ofthose two Africans in Jo hannes­burg who were burnt to death be­cause they ran back into the fireto attempt to resc ue their refe r­ence books .

I ACC USE them, because th eyhave been responsible for the lifeof terror in whic h .an Africanexists. knowing tha t without 8po>s he is doomed to arrests andraids and beatings and imprison­ment, separation fr om his fa mily;a state of terror tha t made thosetwo innocent men regard the pos­session of those misera ble refe r­ence book s to be a matt er 0' life••• and death .

E GYPT is in Africa, but sheis also the most impor­

tant and populous Arab coun­try. and the bridge between"Black" Africa and tbe Araband Asian world. She is alsothe most influential and ex­posed of the independentstates of Africa.

Egypt has had the longest con­tinu ous civilisation in the world ,her wr itten records going back6.000 yea rs. Yet for centuries shewas ruled by foreigners . With theopening of the Suez Canal in1869, meddling by modem Euro ­pea n powers in Egyptian affair sbecame cotinuous and Egypt be­came a puppet of the imperialists.

Successive struggles agains t fo ­reign control were led by theWAF D which was militant in itsear ly years but later became cor­rup t. Th en came the crumbling ofthe Far ouk regime after the last

~:raa;r~~~eo}9;;~~Z:~;~~~~DENSELY P{)PULA'lED

Egypt's population is over 20million and growing rapidly. Onlya na rro w strip of land on thebank s of the Nile is irrigated-theres t of the coun try is barrendeser t,

The population density in theNlle valley is said to be th ehigh­est in the world. Infantile mor talityis enor mous. The average life ex­pectancy of an Egyptian at birthIS on ly about 37 year s. The gapbetween rich and poor is tremen­dou s. 85% of the total populationis alto geth er landless.

On the other hand 36% of allcu lt iva teable land was (in 1955) inthe hands of ODe balf of one percent of the pop ula tion. It bas beencalcula ted that 50%of the Egypt­ian national income went to 1.5%of the population.

T he Nasser regime has madecons iderable effor ts to so lve thesepr oblems.

The most pu blicised a nd impo r­ta nt of these projects is the AswanHigh Dam . Th is would cost morethan £175,000,000 and take 10years to build .

When completed it would in­crease the total ar able land in thecountry fr om 6,000,000 to8.000.0000 acres and increase na ­tional p roduction by £150,000,000per year .

A number of indust rial projectshave been lau nched including a£26,000,000 ferti liser plant and a£15,000,000 iron and steel plant.

A minimum wage law waspassed, a land reform initia tedand soc ia l services budgeted for.

Int ernally the Egyptian govern­ment is extremely authori tarian.All po litical parties are suppres­sed . Left-wing poli tical groups andtra de unions are particularly per ­secut ed. Power rests with thearmy, and the purge of the oldcorrupt leaders has come no tfrom the people below but fromthe ar my, above.

Yet despite his reactionary do­mest ic policy world events haveforced Nasse r to follo w a mili ­tan tly anti-imperialist foreign po­licy.

NEUTRALITYAt the Bandu ng Conference,

Egypt emerged a s one of the mainlead ers of the line of positiveneutrality (as between the grea tpower blocs) and milit an t anti­colo nial ism .

As Egypt's anti -coloni al act ivi­ties in Africa and the Middle Ea stincr ease d, so did the ho stility offirst Britain and France and laterthe United States.

The se factors, together with the

tense situat ion on the Israeli bor ­der, led to the regime laying greatemphasis on mili tar y training andrea rmament.

Fo llowi ng the refusal o f theWestern power, to sell the requiredquantities of modern arms at theend of 1955. Egypt purc havedlarge qu ant ities of tanks, jet p lane sand modern arti llerv fr om Czech­ovlovakia,

In Jul y. 1956. America . Brita inand the Internatio nal Bank an­noun ced that they were no longerWilling to aid the constructio n ofthe Aswan High Dam.

Th e Egyptian government reopl ied by na tion al ising the SuezCa na l. The inte ntion was to usethe £36 million a nnual revenue ofth e Canal to fina nce the buil dingof the dam .

Brita in an d F ra nce tried everypossible method of bring ing p res­sure on Egypt. Th ese manoeuvreswere oppose d by the socia listcountries and mo st Bandung cou n­tri es. Th e United States hungback .

Since th is t ime, the Egyp tiangovernment ha s co ntinu ed to growin influence. Close links have beenmaintained with othe r neutralistnations, especially Yugos lavia andInd ia. •

Egypt has united with Syria andthe Yemen to form the UnitedArab Republic in which Syria hasbeco me politi cally assimilated toEgyp t, but the Ye men has larg elymaintained her backward socialand poli tical struc ture.

Th e Iraq i revolution hasbrought into powe r grou ps simi larto those operat ing 10 Egy pt andSyria.

Nationalist for ces frien dly toEgypt gro w cont inually stro ngerin Saudi Ar abi a. Aden, Leba nonand J ordan , desp ite the presenceof British and Am erican troo ps inthe latter ar eas.

T here is a mo ve to revive th eArab League. wi th the par ticipa­tion of Tunisia and Morocco aswell as the Mid dle Eastern Arabcountries. Egyp tia n influencewould undoubtedly be paramountin such a League .

Egypt has stood finn by theBandun2 conference declara tion,and played a leading part at theCairo Afro-Asian solida rity con­ference and the two Accra con­ference s last yea r. Nas ser is an

~~~poken enemy of the colour NEl~~;~ a~~vewhit~ ~~~e~~~

THE F UTURE ~;~t:io~show:;6 ~~e g~;~~ ~~ei~~~:Yet there are many ques tion I gress. We don 't need a European

marks ha nging over Egy pt's de- Nation al Congress, we alrea dyvelopment. have the Nats and the U.P.

By ALEX LA GUMA

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1959

••••U,.Fo.t.r . lt·.onl,a litt.. bitolelastlclty·

Gllln Williams in the "News Chronicle"

Mac's MoscowMission M ayin Back. Voters

CHINESE BACK AFRICANSTRUGGLE

IN THIS FINAL DESPATCH FROM MOSCOW, SAM RUSSELLSUMS UP THE 21st CONGRESS OF THE SOVIET COMMUNIST

PARTY

ESHA EOF ACOM UNISTSOCIETY'

,

'r UIS Congress now com- sov, of the Saratov Region. He told with the State institutions perform

pl~t~d , has shown the shape ~~: i~o~~:s. P~~~b~,vet~~~~sm::z ~~~e:~n~~~~:ctf~g pr~~: rvi~ihfsub~fof thmgs to come m the deve- cinemas had been built, citizens and preventing acts darnag-lopment of a Communist so- In the rural areas in his region ing to society.ciet v. the number. of savings-bank ac- "The transfer of some functions

The past five years have been ~ounts had mcreased. from 90.090 from State ~gencies to public or­years of tremendous achievement in In 1954 to 180,900, this year, while ganisations .wI,,1 not we~ken the rolestrengthening the Soviet State and th~ ,total deposits . J~mped from 86 ~f the SOCIalIst .State In t~e budd­improving its apparatus, strengthen- million to 311 million roubles. In- rng of Commu!1lsm but Will r~t?ering Socialist legality, further extend- comes of collective farmers had extend and. r~lOfor~ the politicaling democracy in all spheres, and trebled over the past five years, baSIS of Socialist SOCIety and e!,!su.re

~~=:I ~::.Iegislation on civil and heS~~~· examp les can . be repeated ~~~~~~c,;,~ev~lopment of SOCialistLooking another seven years all over the SOVIet Union, Delegate On completion of the Se~en-

ahead and beyond, the congress after delegate stressed that ~he pr~' Year Plan, ~ays the resolution,has laid down a programme of gress made and planned Will deci- Soviet industrial output per headeconomic development, breathtak- sive!y. prove the . superiority of of. population will surpass that ofing in its audacity. Socialism over capitalism, Britain and West g erman'y, and

It has also provided for public The congress showed the 'Yay for Will take fi~st place In ~urope.organisation. to play an increasing the tran~lhon from ~oClahsm to After this, It says, It Will ta~e T HE decision by British Prime Minister MacMillan to "accept an

~iS~:nd:~;i::v~~~P:ti~~ o:a~~:i:~ ;ri~;I:I~r :;Pro~a~a~~ ~~~~rdf~; :::u~n~~~ s:~.y~~ ~iI?~~:: invitation" to visit the Soviet Union has been widely welcomed

~~~iSta~:rticipation in administering ~~ ~i~ ~~~~~~s t~O theeac~ri~~i;l~dl~~ ~orlit h::~~~urc~~~~~iti~Cla~ill: ~a:ea~~s~~v:tnt;h~:'h~:~~~%~ti:~ ~as~~~t~:yb~;e~NEVER BEFORE "From each according to his abili- capitalism."

Never before have the masses of ties to each according to his needs." 1----- - --------------- --, In Britain, however, although the

:~e th:o~I~li~~~in a~dche:o~~~ic P:d~ J~I~. ~~o:b~~i~:nt~r~fsth;~~~e:si~~~ KENYA .TRIAL ~~~i~~I,\hh~swb~:i~~~;~i~ ag;ministration of the country. of life. a good deal of cynical comment on

str~t~~ ~~ci~~~st c~~~r~~~airseilf i~~d ca.~~t!~~~. :~~. t~ ~~:~~2~:~k::: WITNESSES AOMIT THEY !p;ryCog~ee;~~~~io~s f~i ~aGen~~~~the nation-wide discussions pre- With all !t reqUire,s for the develop- Election.ceding it in which over 70 mil- ment of Its mate~al and moral wei- This is not surprising considering

Iio~t t~~ek c~~~t;ess 86 speakers con- ~~i:te~~e t~:d b;:~cef~1 Pc~~~~ti~~: WERE PAID BY CROWN ~~~e ~~~~iII:i~Sulta~~~~~r;e~i~tributed to the debate on Khrush- CALL FOR PEACE the publication of the gallup pollchov's report, including many rank- The congress made a challenging which showed that for the first

f~~~~I~ , :ho~~i~~ t~~d enfh~~i~~lti~ ~~\~~ ~h:cI~~~te;~~n t~f st~t~lew~~I~ JOM~ Ken yatta, Ke nya , peo- £15 a month for II months. ~~~/is ~:~ ~t~~~\~~ees~abou rspir!t that animates the entire standing internation~1 problems bv • pie s leader ~ow servmg a PAID ~M 050 . On January 30, the NewsSOVIet people. , .. negotiation and to abolish war forIpnson sentence WIllbe call ed as Muthondo Nduti, another WItness Chronicle revealed that the figures. As Khrushch~v said In his clos- all time. a witness in the trial which is a~ the Kenyatta trial, told the court were Labour 36i% Tories 35%.mg speech:. It was a JOY and The final target figures have been proving that he was wrongly his testimony there had bee~ true, Liberals 6t% Others t% and Don't

i~eda~~~~fi~e~~~t~~iC~~r~rp;~~I~t~~~ ~1~~~tl~la~t~~~~lt~~ the basis of the convicted., i~569~~~~~e~h:eh~~el~srah1s h~~ ~~~:s 2 itt ;~ th~f~e pJsi~: ~~1~~~:p~rarth~~~~~~. °t~ hi~~ a~o~~;s t~f an1hlo:~iteec~~~~f~gc~on~iTsis~ill M~~~riatrf~~ p~~uryMariter ~~~~~~ :~~ts t~~~ b~~I~:S Se:t~e~us~~ as~1di~:~ ~~~r:~~~~a~~~or:~n~~i~~. t~h;a.}~~~i:r~~~e ;h~heknS~~!i;~~t, 7hV;Ugh~~ ~hewc~~u:r~ssthdel!a~~P~~~ISinmt~~e n~~ f~~~~d e~?g:~~at~a~i~~h~?h~~egl.i~~ ots: :d~!/ h~Jr~~~ b~:~e:~ough , ~~n. ~lm~~o:s~ve~n~n a~~~~ill~~an~T~~~~nS~ee~~e ~~~~:e~~ the great tio~h~i~ena~iS~~~:~~o~r~~:~~/the r~~s~~~~~~°i~~~~~~t~~·O~d~otn;I~~~ he~~.de~ingle .Foot. . Q,C., Labour ~g:;o~ovi:t it back with the

~~~uh~~~msetO~u~ht~ ~u~fileih:~~~~ ~~~in:~tri: tt~eb~~~:sb~U:dl~b~~t CO~~t ~~u~~oI;os~a;~o:~il everr wit- ~i~' f~[h;tPSWl~~w~~~ng eMlg~~~e~ byW~~t ~:.:an~e:s~~ ~{a~h= ~~ntfia;~t tasks of the Seven-Year seven million houses in the country' ness wh? can prove the falsity of Macharia told him last November pending trip. United by means ofPlan, he declared.. . , side in the next seven years, th.e stones and also perhaps some that he had . ~ven false evidence the European Common Market in

PI~~eyfO:e:~~b;:tu::e~~ ~::;bI~~r~ F1Rsr: IN EU~?PE ~~~:~s~a~~ ':i~~a: :::fe~:teth~i; ~~ t~ha~~~; ~f~lr~:nf~:M~:n,M~~ ~~li:;ni~t t~~ira~~fattio~~ ~~xi~~~tl"lsk of surpassmg the most ad- The resolution says. In th~ e,n- perJury, said Mr. D. N. Pn tt Q.c. Mr. Foot SaId he had two IOter- Soviet Union. Ademliuer and devanced capitalist States and Iliving forcement of the rules of Socla.lIst who is defending Macharia. views with Macharia in Nairobi. Gaulle are fearful that MacMillan

~~:n~~;~:t rneor~~ t~o~~gb~:t~iv::; ~~~:~! ~~~t:f~n~oa~ee~f:y~o~~ w:~ ADJOURN~?SrjlR ROYAL ~i~~~ri:nJO~dn h~~ r~~u~dh~~e~C;~ ;eicef~~ c~~~~te~~~~ a policy ofshortest wo~inll day and the ~eople s ~lh~la.rs we~1 as courti,tf The news that Iomo Kenyatta employed for only a short time. 1 _

ShT~k~~ fo~r~::m;it'Georgi Deni- o~;a~i~a~i~ns~Im~bi~~or::~~~io~~th~~ ;:~~te:P~~~dSh~~ t~~Ou~~~rt e:~~ K~;a ~:~e~m~~t ~:~Idbr::~h t~~___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1the prosecution had to ask that the contract. Sudan Jails WFTU

~~~i~gb~h:d~;;~t~i~~r a~e~h~a~~li~~ M~bari~ h :aid s~~~~d in ~~~~v i~~ Leaders~~dl~h~o~i~i~n~~~tr~t:in~~inthrees~~~~ ~i~icu~~~~al hi~ce~hena~eodver~~:~ ~h:m~h~c~~~h\~ste s~:all at the same time. :-vould be very ,interested in trac- vember is folfi)win~ a policy of

When Stephen Mw~ura•.one of mg a cOl)-nectlOn. between the yicious repression of the country'sIhe 1952 Kenyatta tna l Witnesses, Kenya Afncan UnIOn and Mau working-class movement.Yo:lS re~al1ed for c~os~-e~amination, Mau. Seven working-class leaders were~~r, e:r~~ ~~kesd e~km ~ ai~~reJI~~ "~AKE A STORY" last week sentenced by a. militaryKen a!ta that P ou d i~ not want Machana wen,t on to say that he cou"! to terms of Impnsonmentany Ymoney?" y had seen supenntendent Ian Hen- rangmg from one to five years.

Mr. Mwaura repied: "Yes." der~on (former head of the Kenya Among those jailed for five years

_ ~~~~u~hr g~dd y~~o~~c~t :~n;io: :~it:;~h~u a~h~rit?e~reha~J ' d:c~~ed~~~ w':rI~o::::iti;~e~~rT~:~:t U~i~~:r:~~~'er~d~n up to now I have not i~o;~~~~~d~~~~:: t~n~iv~e~~~J~~~e~ W: lice::.

crf:rJe J:ion t~ede~~~~~When Mr. Pritt asked whether Machana said he w~s willIng . to Shafei Ahmed Sheikh.

anything had been said to him b~lp but was afraid of bemg IN SECRETabout getting land, the witness re- kII~d . • d H d The trial was held in secret andplied: "We were told that who- t Idu~ . s~perm~n ent ld b er:ne~<!D the lawyers acting for the accused

f;~d s~~e::~~~d el:eo~~d f:r~ g~~~~ bO

~od~mI1~~~ti~rJ~rc~e an: n~ :~~dr~:. ~Ilo~~~te~~ ~re~~~~~a~~~~th~er~d~~a~~a w!I~'; that after be t~e Yma~fs~te~elf M::ha

a:::r:~~e~. the witnesses.. _. .

had given evidence at the 1952 trial. bered seeIDg Kenyatta anywhere 111 Fourtee~ cIVIlI.ans were. on tn:tl,Supt. Ian H~ndel'8on, then head of a ~roup of ,people they could make charged WIth bemg ~ssoclated WIthKenya's anti-Mau Mau Bureau, had a story of It. the, World Fede~atlo!,! of Tradetold him he would get t200. !Jmons and holdIng Illegal meet-

Mr. Pritt: "Did you ask for more WEST GERMANY has virtually lOgS. Seven were released,than that at that time?" Ideclared strikes illegal by a suo The Minister of Information

Mr. Mwaura: "J told him it was preme court decision mak in~ trade banned a youth delegation fromnot enough and the Government uniOfls liable to pay millions of Sudan from aUe ding the Afro-

Ral1y in Peking cal1ed in support of the people of the Belltian Conao had not done right," marks damages to employers as Asian Youth Conference in Cairoand Cuba fighting for freedom. "Victory will be thell'8!" shout Questioned about subsistence pay- "damages" caused by loss of profits la~t week and all activities by youtlr

these workers. ments, he agreed they amounted to during a strike. organisations have been suspended.

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