7. Communications and Data Handling.pdf

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Communications and datahandling

Session 7

ECRA Workshop on Smart Meters and Smart Grid Strategy

DAY 2: Sunday14th October 2012


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Communications and Data Handling

Data

communicationcenter GPRS

CommunicationNetworkIntranet

PLC

MV/LVSubstation

Concentrator

with modem

G P R S

VPN network

Remote Control Centre

G P R S

G P R S

AMMMDM/R

Legacy billing system

Telecommunication architecture for smart metering system

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S-FSK- 2 carriers, narrow band- Baudrate: up to

2.4kBaud- Strong against in-band

noise

B-PSK- Multiple modulation- Baudrate: up to

28.8kBaud- Strong immunity against

noise

OFDM- Narrowband multicarrier- Baudrate: up to

128kBaud- Strong immunity against

noise, reducing baudrate

Which type of PLC?

• Communication on Power Lines. Avoids need of dedicated infrastructure forcommunication.

• different frequency bands and modulations.

The modulation techniques have been improved in the last years, towards to mainaspects:1. better rejection to noise on LV network2. Higher baud-rate

Modulation techniques are coded according to international normative.

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Interoperability “recipe”:• adopt of a suite of protocols which covers the levels of stack from physical

communication to application level.• choose of a well defined and stable suite of protocols will allow the

interchangeability of meters produced by different Manufacturers.

The choice of a standard for Meter. Interoperability

Different suite of protocols have been created by Associations to create Openstandards.

• … helps the Utility to foster competition among the Manufacturers and tohave always a second choice in case of lack of availability (temporary ordefinitive) of the chosen Supplier.

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•An open standard for communication among different equipments is basedon a “suite of protocols”

• Interoperability at meter level cannot be achieved among devices withdifferent suites of protocols, even though the protocols adopted for somelayers are common

Upper layer

(i.e.

DLMS/COSEM)

Lower layer

(i.e. ODFM)

Meter Type A

Power-line

Upper layer

(i.e.

DLMS/COSEM)

Lower layer

(i.e. ODFM)

Meter Type A

Upper layer

(i.e.DLMS/COSEM)

Lower layer

(i.e. S-FSK)

Meter Type B

Upper layer

(i.e.

DLMS/COSEM)

Lower layer

(i.e. S-FSK)

Meter Type B

XAn example:Type B can talk only with type BType A can talk only with type AType A could potentially prevent proper communication for Type B and vice-versa

Interoperability and protocols

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OPENmeter (European Project. www.openmeter.com):“The result of the project will be a set of draft standards, based on alreadyexisting and accepted standards wherever possible. These standards include theIEC 61334 series PLC standards, the IEC 62056 DLMS/COSEM standards forelectricity metering, the EN 13757 series of standards for utility metering otherthan electricity using M-Bus and other media.”

NOTE: Includes different standards

• ENEL• NETBEHEER NEDERLANDS• KEMA• LANDIS+GYR• RWE

• ST MICROELECTRONICS• UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE• USYSCOM• ZIV MEDIDA• CENELEC

• IBERDROLA DISTRIBUCIÓN• ACTARIS (ITRON),• ADVANCED DIGITAL

DESIGN• CESI RICERCA

• CURRENT TECHNOLOGIESINTERNATIONAL• DLMS USER ASSOCIATION• EDF• ELSTER• ENDESA

–Members:


Associations and standards on the market

http://www.openmeter.com/http://www.openmeter.com/


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Prime Alliance www.prime-alliance.org (Powerline Related IntelligentMetering Evolution).

“The end objective of PRIME is to establish a complete set of standardson an international level that will permit interoperability amongequipment and systems from different manufacturers.”

–Founders/Members:

• ST MICROELECTRONICS, Texas Instrument,• ZIV, FujutzuCurrent, CIRCUITOR,• ITRON,• LANDIS+GYR,• ADD group,• SAGEMCOM,

• ISKRAEMECO• IBERDROLA DISTRIBUCIÓN, CEZ GROUP, EDP• ORBIS, SAC• APATOR• JANZ

–Association: Prime is a no-profit association.

– Suite of Protocols: OFDM + DLMS/COSEM




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IDIS (www.idis-association.com)

“The IDIS association develops, maintains and promotes publicly availabletechnical interoperability specifications, known as ‘IDIS specifications’, based onopen standards and supports their implementation in interoperable products.”

–

Founders/Members:

• Iskraemeco,

• Itron,

• Landis+Gyr

–Association: no profit

–Suite of Protocols: S-FSK + DLMS/COSEM



http://www.idis-association.com/http://www.idis-association.com/http://www.idis-association.com/http://www.idis-association.com/


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G3 (www.g3-plc.com)

“G3-PLC enables the high-speed, highly reliable communications on existing powerlines needed to make the "energy Internet" a reality”

•Founders:

– ERDF

•Members:

– Maxim

• Association: consortium

•Suite of Protocols: OFDM + DLMS/COSEM

•Notes: allow coexistence with S-FSK modulation



http://www.g3-plc.com/http://www.g3-plc.com/http://www.g3-plc.com/http://www.g3-plc.com/


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Meters and more. (www.metersandmore.com)“The main goal of the Association is to provide the industry with a provenopen protocol for smart metering, thus being a tangible answer to theEuropean Commission’s Mandate 441 to achieve standard AMM solutionsacross the continent.”

– Founders:

• Enel Distribuzione SpA

• Endesa Distribución SA – Members:

• Siemens, ST MICROELECTRONICS,

• IBM, CESI,

• Sagemcom,

• AP Systems, Emeter corporation,

• Xi’an swip, coelce (electric company)• AMPLA energia

–Others:

• Bitron,Kaifa

– Association: no profit

–Suite of Protocols: meters and more



http://www.metersandmore.com/http://www.metersandmore.com/


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Case a) ENEL TELEGESTORE project Italy

• Communication modulation: FSK

• Communication Standard: proprietary

• Number of meters installed in Italy: 32.000.000

• Key results: System completed and working since 2009


Main outcomes from ongoing projects

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Case b) ENEL + ENDESA project

• Communication modulation: B-PSK

• Open protocol: “meters and more”

• Number of meters installed in Spain: 2.000.000

• Key information:

• Project completion: 13.000.000 meters



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Case c) ERDF project

• Communication standard: S-FSK

• Application Standard: DLMS/COSEM

• Number of Manufacturers:

– at least three

• Number of meters installed:

– 300.000 (in pilots)

• Next steps:

– Introduction of Linky G3 after 2013, capable of coexistence with S-FSK.

Tests on interoperability are under development; the three main

Manufacturers are working together in order to assure full

interoperability based upon DLMS/COSEM IDIS).



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Case d) IBERDROLA project

• Communication modulation: OFDM

• Application Standard: DLMS/COSEM

• Number of Manufacturers:

– Seven (ZIV, Landis&GYR, Sagemcom, Sogecam, Orbis, Elster andG.E.)

• Number of meters installed:

– 100.000 in pilot in Castellón (2010)

– March 2012: contracts for total of $395 ML to seven Companies for7.000.000 meters to be installed in Spain

• Key step:

– Constitution of PRIME project as a non-profit association for diffusion.Tests on interoperability are under development.



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The following open standards (or candidate to become) havecurrently the greater diffusion in Europe:


Associations and standards on the market. Lessons Learnt

Most of the suites have adopted, or are going to apply, a commonstandard application protocol, DLMS.They differentiate for the implementation of the OBIS model used inthe meters, the PLC modulation and, obviously for the intermediatelayers.

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Source: DLMS UA


Associations and standards on the market.

Unification of different communication technologies within One consistent

framework


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PLC

GPRS

LAN

RadioFrequency

How tochoose?

Local Bus

Communication• It must be verified when The Communications and Information

Technology Commission (CITC) will assign in KSA the frequencies spectrumfor use of PLC as defined in Europe by CENELEC. In KSA pilot installationusing PLC is on-going.

• In KSA Pilot using Radio frequency, based on liberalized frequencies, is notperforming well, mainly due to interferences.


KSA Smart meter communication

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KSA LV distribution network has the following characteristics:

1. Typical MW-LW transformer range: from 400 to 1500kVA;

2. About 60 PoD (Point of Delivery) are connected to the transformer

3. The LV distribution is almost radial, with capability to connection of lines

from near substation in case of failure.

4. Maximum length of lines from Sub-station to Customer is less than 250m,to avoid voltage drop along the line.


Use of PLC in KSA

The above characteristics are fully compatible with the PLC communicationand relatively short lines will help the communication between the data

concentrator (installed in the sub-station) and the meters, which are usuallyinstalled on the border of Customer’s property.

Perform an assessment in different zones of the LV network before adoptingthe PLC technology in extended pilot, especially in rural areas

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• At the moment a real consolidated standard is not present on the market.

• There are four main “lines of development” associations, consortium, projects):

PRIME, IDIS, Meters & more, G3.

• The Manufacturers within each “line of development” are working in order to achieve

full interoperability, at meter level; many tests are still on going.

• The DLMS/COSEM protocol:

– Is widely spread among most of the International and local Manufacturers

– Most of the on-going international meter pilots are based upon DLMS/COSEM.

DLMS/COSEM can guarantee an adequate answer from the market


KSA. Next considerations for Choice of PLC standards


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Flow of information and data handling

Source: e-utile


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Flow of information and data handling

The smart meters, dealing with sensible data, raise a range of securitydata privacy and data privacy requirements.

Data security issues:Data security issues:

• Confidentiality of data;• Integrity of the grid in case of

corrupted commands orinformation;

• Attaches of third parties tocontrol the grid;

• Respond to security threats,including acts of terrorism andmanipulation of meter data

Data privacy issues:Data privacy issues:

• Consumers could be sensitive to thesharing of their personal data.

• Load profiles with sufficient samplingperiod could reveal when Customer is

at home, or if his habits of use ofelectricity are changing

Use Telecommunications and financial servicesUse Telecommunications and financial services…

… as good “case studies” for management of data privacy and cyber-security canbe embedded within current systems and processes.

Always have back-up and redundancy of machines with smart meter dataAlways have back-up and redundancy of machines with smart meter data…

…as loosing data provokes inconsistencies, hard to be fixed.


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Typical set-up of communication network for Smart meters.

Source: e-utile

Documents

7. Communications and Data Handling.pdf