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Unit 2 Biology Notes

Cell Theory

Objective 2: Explain the components of the cell theory.

Cell TheoryOne of the most fundamental

concepts of biology states:

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

New cells are produced from existing cells.

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Unit 2 Biology Notes

Cell Parts

Objective 3: Identify and explain the major functions of the following cell parts:

Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Ribosome, and Vacuole

Use the following colors to color the plant and animal cell pictures:

Plant Cell:

1- light blue

2- brown

5- dark blue

6- black

8- pink

10- purple

11- green

12- orange

13- light yellow

Animal Cell:

1- orange

4- dark blue

5- black

6- pink

8- light blue

9- light yellow

11- purple

Cell Types

Specialized structures that perform important cellular functions

Cell Parts

1- Cell Wall

2- Cell Membrane

3- Mitochondria

4- Vacuole

6- Cytoplasm

8- Nucleolus

9- Nucleus

11- Ribosome

12- Chloroplast

Label the structures on the plant and animal cell pictures:

Plant Cell:

1- Vacuole

2- Cell Wall

5- Nucleus

6- Ribosome

8- Cell Membrane

10- Nucleolus

11- Chloroplast

12- Mitochondria

13- Cytoplasm

Animal Cell:

1- Mitochondria

4- Nucleus

5- Ribosome

6- Cell Membrane

8- Vacuole

9- Cytoplasm

11- Nucleolus

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Unit 2 Biology Notes

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

Objective 5: Use two characteristics to distinguish between animal and plant cells.

a. Presence of Cell Wall

b. Presence of Chloroplasts

Animal Cell

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome (attached)

Mitochondrion

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Animal Cell

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome (attached)

Mitochondrion

Vacuole

Nucleus

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Chloroplast

Plant Cell

Plant Cell

Plant Cell Animal Cell

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Unit 2 Biology Notes

Cell Types

Objective 5: List and use 3 characteristics to distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cell Types Cells are divided into two major categories:

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Major Characteristics of These Types of Cells

  Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Presence of Nucleus

NoNucleus

Nucleus

Size Small Larger

Complexity Very simple—no membrane-bound organelles*

More complex—has membrane-bound organelles*

Prokaryotic Cell

Cell membrane

cytoplasm