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Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 67 [email protected]
1Asst. Prof., Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, India 2Asst. Prof., Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India 3Student, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India
ABSTRACT
The development of effective road transport system is primary need of any developing
country. Also upgrading of existing road network is essential for developed countries to carry out its
transportation functions smoothly as with increasing traffic volume urban and non-urban roads reach
to their saturation level in passage of time. The design of route alignment and pavement structure
decide cost of project which totally depend on time taken for same. So for this job the best available
Highway Geometric Design Software must be deployed. Keeping this in view we have used
MXROAD Software for the geometric design of the existing state highway (SH 131) in Maharashtra
to improve its geometric features and upgrading it from two lanes to four lanes. The Software uses
3D string modeling technologyand gives the desired values of different components of geometric
design such as Horizontal and Vertical Curves, Super elevation, Shoulder, etc.
Keywords: Geometric Design, MXROAD Software.
INTRODUCTION
During last few years there has been huge development in Indian economy and transportation
plays a vital role in it. For any developing country road network acts as a backbone for its steady
growth. Due to rapid growth in road infrastructure and its need there is need of a model which guides
the designer to create a most effective design with high precision standards, which in turn leads to
saving time, money and material costs. With the use of latest software technology, road design
software named MXROAD has been used to pace up with the fast growing road infrastructure field.
By using this software highway design engineers quickly and easily create design alternatives to
build an ideal road system.
Designing of highway depends on the components like Alignment, Pavement, Cross
Drainage Structures, Road Furniture, Environment and Safety. The change in nature of these
components directly affects the Geometric Design of road and thus its cost.
The use of computer in work station has become inevitable and has been used in various
fields. For last few decades computer applications in highway design has changed drastically and by
which highway designer can draft, design and estimate for any road section. There are number of
software’s which are used for highway designing purpose. The list includes Nova point, Civil 3D,
UP GRADATION OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SH-131(CH.
9.35KM-15.575KM) USING MXROAD SOFTWARE-A CASE STUDY
Ashok Kumar1, Dhananjay A.S
2, Agarwal Alkesh
3, Badage Ganesh
3, Chavan Bhagatsinh
3,
Devkar Anil3, Kadam Shubham
3
Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), Pp. 67-78
Article ID: 20320150606007
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/Ijciet.asp
ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316 (Online)
IJCIET
© I A E M E
Up Gradation of Geometric Design
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Ba
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
Auto Civil, MXROAD, Eagle Point, Earth. Out of these we have used MXROAD which is
worldwide famous for its accuracy and rapid design.
MXROAD SOFTWARE
MXROAD has been created by Bentley Systems, a UK based company in the year of 1996
which is then upgraded in later years a
of highways. This is an advanced string based modeling tool that enables the rapid and accurate
design of all types of road. By using MXROAD, highway designer can finalize design alternatives
and can automate much of the design detailing processes, saving time and money. At its core
MXROAD uses 3D string modeling technology
surfaces. The interoperable database allows engineers to create and annotate 3
the most popular AEC platforms or in windows.
In recent, highway projects in India are Public Private Partnership based where private
investors are challenged to maintain high standards in design and construction. This scenario leads
the design engineers to use specially designed software tools like MXROAD. MXROAD attains high
precision in building the road with in the limited land width (RoW) so as to minimize the land
acquisition cost which is vital parameter that affects the total pr
It also helps in fixing the horizontal alignment for an up gradation project to match up with
the existing align of the cross drainage structure and in fixing the vertical profile to match up with
the existing levels of the cross drain
carriageways, shoulder can be designed effectively by using MXROAD. Other design controlling
parameters such as design speed, horizontal curvature, super elevation and vertical curvature can also
be effectively designed and controlled by MXROAD software. The total earthwork quantity is also
computed to high accuracy by using MXROAD.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
• To upgrade the existing geometric design of the SH
geometric features by using MXROAD software.
PROJECT LOCATION
The project road SH-131 starts at the chainage from 9.35 km to 15.575 km ends at Bopgaon.
The project road connects Pune, Saswad
f Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
68
, Eagle Point, Earth. Out of these we have used MXROAD which is
worldwide famous for its accuracy and rapid design.
MXROAD has been created by Bentley Systems, a UK based company in the year of 1996
which is then upgraded in later years as per requirement to get desired accuracy with rapid designing
This is an advanced string based modeling tool that enables the rapid and accurate
design of all types of road. By using MXROAD, highway designer can finalize design alternatives
nd can automate much of the design detailing processes, saving time and money. At its core
MXROAD uses 3D string modeling technology- a powerful yet simple method of creating 3D
interoperable database allows engineers to create and annotate 3
the most popular AEC platforms or in windows.
In recent, highway projects in India are Public Private Partnership based where private
investors are challenged to maintain high standards in design and construction. This scenario leads
he design engineers to use specially designed software tools like MXROAD. MXROAD attains high
precision in building the road with in the limited land width (RoW) so as to minimize the land
acquisition cost which is vital parameter that affects the total project cost directly.
It also helps in fixing the horizontal alignment for an up gradation project to match up with
the existing align of the cross drainage structure and in fixing the vertical profile to match up with
the existing levels of the cross drainage structures. Various geometric design elements such as
carriageways, shoulder can be designed effectively by using MXROAD. Other design controlling
parameters such as design speed, horizontal curvature, super elevation and vertical curvature can also
effectively designed and controlled by MXROAD software. The total earthwork quantity is also
computed to high accuracy by using MXROAD.
To upgrade the existing geometric design of the SH-131 in Maharashtra to improve its
tures by using MXROAD software.
131 starts at the chainage from 9.35 km to 15.575 km ends at Bopgaon.
The project road connects Pune, Saswad, Bhivari, Kapurhol and Hadapsar.
15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
dage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
y GISI) www.jifactor.com
, Eagle Point, Earth. Out of these we have used MXROAD which is
MXROAD has been created by Bentley Systems, a UK based company in the year of 1996
s per requirement to get desired accuracy with rapid designing
This is an advanced string based modeling tool that enables the rapid and accurate
design of all types of road. By using MXROAD, highway designer can finalize design alternatives
nd can automate much of the design detailing processes, saving time and money. At its core
a powerful yet simple method of creating 3D
interoperable database allows engineers to create and annotate 3D project models in
In recent, highway projects in India are Public Private Partnership based where private
investors are challenged to maintain high standards in design and construction. This scenario leads
he design engineers to use specially designed software tools like MXROAD. MXROAD attains high
precision in building the road with in the limited land width (RoW) so as to minimize the land
oject cost directly.
It also helps in fixing the horizontal alignment for an up gradation project to match up with
the existing align of the cross drainage structure and in fixing the vertical profile to match up with
Various geometric design elements such as
carriageways, shoulder can be designed effectively by using MXROAD. Other design controlling
parameters such as design speed, horizontal curvature, super elevation and vertical curvature can also
effectively designed and controlled by MXROAD software. The total earthwork quantity is also
131 in Maharashtra to improve its
131 starts at the chainage from 9.35 km to 15.575 km ends at Bopgaon.
Up Gradation of Geometric Design
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Ba
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
The project road consists of following existing features
• Land width- The right of way varies from 9 m to 12 m throughout the length of project road.
• Alignment- There is many horizontal curves and few steep vertical curves in the project corridor.
Many of the horizontal curves lack ade
in unsafe driving.
• Pavement Condition- The overall condition of the pavement
satisfactory. However depressions, edge failures and uneven profile are common
• Soil Characteristics- the CBR values obtain from the laboratory test for the collected soil sample
ranges from 10% to 17%.
• Drainage Condition- Improper drainage for surface water along the project road was observed.
The raised earthen shoulders and problem of dra
stagnated on the road and shoulder due to lack of proper drainage.
• Cross Drainage Structure- There is a cross drainage structure along the project road. RCC slab
Culvert is provided across drainage wor
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Data Collected
• Profile Survey: We had done the profile survey for 6.225 km (from 9.35 km to 15.575 km)
at an interval of 15m along the alignment (Longitudinally) and 5m interval up to 20 m across the
road on either side (Transverse).
Reduced Level).
• Traffic Survey: The classified traffic volume count is carried out at location along the
project corridor (at Bhivari junction). This traffic survey ha
pm).
f Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
69
following existing features
The right of way varies from 9 m to 12 m throughout the length of project road.
There is many horizontal curves and few steep vertical curves in the project corridor.
Many of the horizontal curves lack adequate sufficient sight distance and transition lengths, resulting
The overall condition of the pavement between Pune to Saswad is
satisfactory. However depressions, edge failures and uneven profile are common
CBR values obtain from the laboratory test for the collected soil sample
Improper drainage for surface water along the project road was observed.
The raised earthen shoulders and problem of drainage is more in township/built
stagnated on the road and shoulder due to lack of proper drainage.
There is a cross drainage structure along the project road. RCC slab
Culvert is provided across drainage work.
We had done the profile survey for 6.225 km (from 9.35 km to 15.575 km)
at an interval of 15m along the alignment (Longitudinally) and 5m interval up to 20 m across the
Which consist of X Y Z co-ordinates (i.e. Easting, Northing and
The classified traffic volume count is carried out at location along the
project corridor (at Bhivari junction). This traffic survey has been carried out
15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
dage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
y GISI) www.jifactor.com
The right of way varies from 9 m to 12 m throughout the length of project road.
There is many horizontal curves and few steep vertical curves in the project corridor.
quate sufficient sight distance and transition lengths, resulting
between Pune to Saswad is
satisfactory. However depressions, edge failures and uneven profile are common.
CBR values obtain from the laboratory test for the collected soil sample
Improper drainage for surface water along the project road was observed.
inage is more in township/built-up area as water gets
There is a cross drainage structure along the project road. RCC slab
We had done the profile survey for 6.225 km (from 9.35 km to 15.575 km)
at an interval of 15m along the alignment (Longitudinally) and 5m interval up to 20 m across the
ordinates (i.e. Easting, Northing and
The classified traffic volume count is carried out at location along the
s been carried out for 12 hrs. (8 am to 8
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 70 [email protected]
Table No.1 Average Daily traffic on Project Road
Sr.No. Particulars Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune
1. Two-Wheelers 1766 2086
2. Govt. Busses 15 11
3. Private Busses 9 15
4. Cars 766 750
5. Auto 56 44
6. LCV 226 240
7. Tractor 73 80
8. Cycle 38 35
9. Bullock Carts 17 22
10. Trucks 95 103
11. Multi-Axle Trucks 0 0
Total Vehicles 3026 3386
The traffic data has been forecasted to a period of 15 years (i.e.2014-2029) in passenger car
unit (PCU) considering growth rate of 7.5%.
Table No.2 Projected Traffic in PCU
Year Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune
2014 2872 3099
2029 5888 6353
Procedure of MXROAD
The procedure of MXROAD for the design of highway geometry is given below:
1. Data receiving: The existing ground data is required for designing of highway geometry. This
survey data includes X, Y, Z co-ordinates (i.e. Northing, Easting and Reduced Level). This data can
be collected now days by using total station instrument.
2. Data Import: Existing ground data’s are import on which the road design scheme is to be
implemented. The data may be imported in one of several formats:
• AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf)
• National Transfer Format (*.ntf)
• MX GENIO (*.txt)
• MX Survey Data (*.inp)
• Eagle Point Triangulation
Up Gradation of Geometric Design
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Ba
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
A new model created from the ground data can be assigned with default feature set and style set.
3. Standard String Naming: The MX standard string naming convention (SNC) has been formed to
give automatic integration to any design prod
by the MXROAD option are assigned names which store the following information:
• String Type
• Associated master alignment which defines the string group
• Specific road features
• Side of master alignment on whi
4. Surface Analysis: This option is used for analyzing the surface on which the design has to be
built. This is essential to confirm that the imported data is correct and contains no errors.
the analysis will highlight errors in level and will also provide a graphical representation of the
existing surface.
f Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
71
A new model created from the ground data can be assigned with default feature set and style set.
The MX standard string naming convention (SNC) has been formed to
give automatic integration to any design produced from any of the MXROAD option. Strings created
by the MXROAD option are assigned names which store the following information:
Associated master alignment which defines the string group
Side of master alignment on which the string was created
This option is used for analyzing the surface on which the design has to be
built. This is essential to confirm that the imported data is correct and contains no errors.
errors in level and will also provide a graphical representation of the
15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
dage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
y GISI) www.jifactor.com
A new model created from the ground data can be assigned with default feature set and style set.
The MX standard string naming convention (SNC) has been formed to
uced from any of the MXROAD option. Strings created
by the MXROAD option are assigned names which store the following information:
This option is used for analyzing the surface on which the design has to be
built. This is essential to confirm that the imported data is correct and contains no errors. Typically
errors in level and will also provide a graphical representation of the
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 72 [email protected]
5. Alignment Design: The alignment design option are used to create the alignment for the road
design by choosing Quick alignment option, Horizontal Design, Vertical profile can be done in
limited time duration. The alignment is converted to a master string which is generally used as the
Centre line along which a carriageway and other features can be designed.
Alignments are created in two stages:
1. Horizontal Design
2. Vertical Design
For Horizontal and Vertical Design, there are three design models
• Element method
• Intersection Point (IP) method
• Spline method
6. Road Design: Road design is a series of options which enables in designing a road from an
existing master string. It consists of a number of stages which are:
• Carriageway Design
• Super Elevation Design
• Road Widening
• Shoulder Design
• Kerbs, Verges and footways
• Junction Design
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 73 [email protected]
DESIGN PROPOSALS
By considering all the IRC specification and existing features of project corridor the
following design values are taken for executing the design of the project work by using MXROAD
software.
1) Design Speed - 80 kmph and 30 kmph
2) Cross Section Elements.
a) Road Margins
i) Right of Way (RoW) - 30 m
ii) Width between control line – 100 m
iii) Width between building line – 50 m
iv) Setback distance between building line and road boundary – 3m to 5m
b) Roadway Width – 12.0 m
c) Roadway Cross Section Details
i) Carriageway Width – 7.0 m
ii) Shoulder width – 2.5 m
d) Cross Slope or Camber
i) Bituminous surface – 2.5%
ii) Earthen surface – 3.5%
iii) Embankment slope –1 V : 1.5 H
3) Sight Distance
a) Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) – 120 m
b) Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD) – 240 m
c) Over Taking Sight Distance (OSD) – 470 m
4) Horizontal Design
a) Super Elevation – maximum 7%
b) Radius of Horizontal Curve – Ruling Minimum 230 m
c) Radius at which no super elevation is required - > 1200 m
d) Radius at which 7% super elevation is achieved – 230 m
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 74 [email protected]
e) Extra Widening of Carriageway at Curves – 0.6 m
5) Vertical Design
a) Gradient
i) Ruling Gradient maximum – 3.3 %
ii) Limiting Gradient maximum – 5%
iii) Minimum Gradient – 0.3%
b) Minimum length of vertical curve – 50 m
c) Minimum ‘K’ (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of Summit Curve – 40.
d) Minimum ‘K’ (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of valley Curve – 30.
OUTPUT FROM SOFTWAR
Horizontal Alignment ********Element A001 Straight********
Bearing 154 25 50.329
Length 47.193
Begin on Straight Chainage 0+000.000
Begin on Straight X 384499.489
Begin on Straight Y 2035758.498
Straight End Chainage 0+047.193
Straight End Y 2035715.927
Straight End X 384519.858
*******Element A009 Arc********
Intersection Point Chainage 0+070.204
Intersection Point X 384529.789
Intersection Point Y 2035695.170
Tangent 23.010
Arc Length 43.945
External 4.261
Middle Ordinate 3.979
Chord Bearing 133 26 54.343
Chord Length 42.969
Arc Start Chainage 0+047.193
Arc Start X 384519.858
Arc Start Y 2035715.927
Radius 60.000
Hand of Arc Left
Arc End Chainage 0+091.138
Arc End X 384551.053
Arc End Y 2035686.377
Included Angle 41 57 51.972
Arc Centre X 384573.982
Arc Centre Y 2035741.823
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 75 [email protected]
Vertical Alignment ********Element 1 Grade********
Gradient -1.371
Gradient Length 98.860
Begin on Gradient Chainage 0+00.00
Begin on Gradient Level 978.522
Gradient End Chainage 0+098.860
Gradient End Level 977.167
******Element2VerticalCurve******
IP Chainage 0+320.875
IP Level 974.122
Middle Ordinate -3.347
Algebraic Difference -6.030
Curve Start Gradient -1.371
Curve End Gradient -7.401
Curve Length 444.031
Vertical Radius -7364.000
M Value -1.358
K Value 73.640
Curve Type Hog
Sight Distance 179.944
Curve Start Chainage 0+098.860
Curve Start Level 977.167
Curve End Chainage 0+542.891
Curve End Level 957.690
Earth Work Quantity
Points Chainage Volume Cut (m3) Volume Fill (m3)
1. 0 0 0
2. 50 6509.766 0
3. 100 6293.461 0
4. 150 4008.511 0.05
5. 200 997.778 780.948
Super Elevation Values:
Reference String = MC00
Design Speed = 30
Slope/Gradient Units = Dec %
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 76 [email protected]
1.
Norm
al
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:
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Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 77 [email protected]
Horizontal Alignment Viewer
Vertical Alignment Viewer
Alignment Showing Center Line String Details
Cross Section
PROJECT COST ESTIMATION
A rough quantity and estimation has been prepared for the project considering all the major
items belonging to road works. The quantification of major work item is done based on detailed plan
and design using the current market rates as given below:
Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case
Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar
Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 78 [email protected]
Table No.3 Unit Rates of Major Items Sr.no. Item Unit Rate Rs.
1. Scarification- Bituminous layer Sq.m. 300.00
2. Earthen Sub Grade Cu.m. 300.00
3. Granular sub Base (GSB) Cu.m. 1650.00
4. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Cu.m. 1935.00
5. Prime Coat Sq.m. 11.00
6. Tack Coat Sq.m. 12.40
7. Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) Sq.m. 450.00
8. Bituminous Concrete (BC) Cu.m. 11500.00
The total cost of 6.225 km four lane divided carriageway is 23.22 cores.
CONCLUSION
• All the improvements are planned within the proposed right of way.
• The proposed alignment is designed to match with the existing alignment at major cross
drainage sections.
• Design speeds are formulated for ruling Design Speed of 80 kmph and minimum design speed
of 30 kmph.
• The proposed alignment encounters minimum horizontal curve radius at two minor junctions,
where the speeds are restricted to minimum.
• Limiting gradient values are adopted for few sections where site restriction prevails.
• The obtained base traffic volume data has been projected to a period of 15 years (2014-2029).
• High design precision and saving in time were achieved by using MXROAD.
REFERENCES
1. Highway material and Pavement Design by S.K.Khanna, C.E.G.Justo, Nem Chand &Bros.
publication.
2. Indian Road Congress:-3-1983.
3. AASHTO, A policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of
State Highway and Transportation officials: Washington, D.C.
4. IRC: 73-1980 “Geometric design of standards for rural (Non-Urban) Highways”. The Indian
Road Congress, New Delhi, 1980.
5. IRC: 38-1988 “Design of Horizontal Curves for Highway and Design Tables”. Indian Road
Congress, New Delhi, 1988.
6. IRC: SP 23-1983 “Design of Vertical Curves for Highway”. Indian road Congress, New Delhi,
1983.
7. IRC: 64-1990 “Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas”. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 1990.
8. IRC: 37-2001 “Design of Flexible Pavements”. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 2001.
9. Bentley, MXROAD Introduction Manual, Bentley System, Inc.
10. Hameedaswad Mohammed, “The Influence of Road Geometric Design Elements on Highway
Safety” International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 4,
2013, pp. 146 - 162, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.