70031 Skill Up Lesson What s the Conclusion Student Sheets

7/30/2019 70031 Skill Up Lesson What s the Conclusion Student Sheets

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What’s the

conclusion?

Student SheetsA skills development activity for GCSE



SS1 Test results (reusable) b is a version for higher ability students.

SS2 Program outline(consumable)

SS3 Hazard perception (reusable) b is a version for higher ability students

SS4 Flow chart (reusable)

SS5 Flow chart (teacher guide)

SS6 Report from the Daily Post(reusable)

SS7 Marking guide (reusable) For teacher use but can be used by students forself/peer assessment

SS8 Flow chart (reusable) Optional extra for the explain task

SS9 Flow chart (teachers guide)

Sheet number Title Notes

Contents



050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400450

500

alcohol only(same amount as Buzz)

alcohol plus 50 mg of caffeine(half amount of Buzz)

m

e a n r e a c t i o n t i m e ( m s )

OCR SKILLUP : WHAT’S THE CONCLUSION? SS1a

Test resultsgroup 1 group 2 group 3

alcohol plus 100 mg of caffeine(same amount as Buzz)

before after before after before after

© OCR 2012

before after before after before after

m e a n

h a n d - e y e

c o o r d i n a t i o n s c o r e

0

5

10

15

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25

30



0

1

23

4

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8

0 25 50 75 100 125 150

0

50

100

150

200

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0 25 50 75 100 125 150

i n c r e a s e i n r e a c t i o n

t i m e ( m s )

amount of caffeine (mg)

Test results

Buzz (100 mg)

OCR SKILLUP : WHAT’S THE CONCLUSION? SS1b

© OCR 2012

d e c r e a s e

i n h a n d - e y e

c o o r d i n a t i o n t e s t s c o r e

amount of caffeine (mg)Buzz (100 mg)



Program outline

Intro: Abigail, our presenter,

introduces Buzz and discusses thehypothesis we are testing.

The tests: Reaction times and hand-eye coordination: Abigail explains the tests and discusses theresults. Write conclusions to describe what the evidence shows.

Do both pieces of evidence match our prediction? If so, describe our conclusion and the evidence thatwe collected which supports it.

OCR SKILLUP : WHAT’S THE CONCLUSION? SS2

Our prediction is that drinking both caffeine and

alcohol together will result in their effects beingcancelled out.

Wrapping up: Abigail gives our final thoughts. How could we make our conclusionmore secure?

The controversy: Abigail explains that it seems that the makers are claiming that you can drink Buzz and drive.We discuss the hazard perception results. Explain how confident we are in the hypothesis that the effects of alcoholare cancelled out by caffeine. Do we think you can drink Buzz and drive?

© OCR 2012



Hazard perception

The test

You take a driving

hazard perception test.

The higher your scoreout of 50, the more

aware you are of

hazards when driving.

OCR SKILLUP : WHAT’S THE CONCLUSION? SS3a

Method

120 people were split into 3 groups

and each person did the test.

The people in each group drank a

different drink.

They waited 20 minutes and did

the test again.

alcohol only(same amount as Buzz)

alcohol plus 50 mg of caffeine(half amount of Buzz)

group 1 group 2 group 3alcohol plus 100 mg of caffeine

(same amount as Buzz)

before after before after before after0

5

1015

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

m e a n s c o r e

© OCR 2012



0

5

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0 25 50 75 100 125 150

The test

You take a driving hazard perception

test. The higher your score out of 50,the more aware you are of hazards

when driving.

Hazard perception

OCR SKILLUP : WHAT’S THE CONCLUSION? SS3b

d e c r e a s e i n s c o r e

amount of caffeine taken (mg)Buzz (100 mg)

Method

120 people were split into 7 groups.

Each person did the test and then was

given a drink that contained:●A fixed amount of alcohol

(same as Buzz)

●A different amount of caffeine

(between 0-150mg)

The people were not told what was in

their drink.

They waited 20 minutes and did thetest again.

© OCR 2012



Yes

Yes

The hypothesis could bewrong.

No

Yes

Look at all the evidence.

You can have a HIGH level of confidence in the hypothesis.

Your cannot draw a clear conclusion aboutwhether the hypothesis is correct.

Look at the method used to collect each piece of evidence.

?Does it all match your

predictions?

Describe theevidence thatsupports it.

?Does most of the

evidence match yourpredictions?

You can have a LOW level of confidence in the hypothesis.

Describe the evidencethat supports and

opposes it.

No

Describe theevidence thatopposes it.

?Are there errors

that could lead to

inconsistent results?

Describe how to improve themethod, to see if thehypothesis is really correct.

No

Suggest other hypothesesthat would explain the results

you got.


START HERE

© OCR 2012



Yes

Discussion about the results from the tests.

Yes

The hypothesis could bewrong.

No

Yes

Look at all the evidence.

You can have a HIGH level of confidence in the hypothesis.

Your cannot draw a clear conclusion aboutwhether the hypothesis is correct.

Look at the method used to collect each piece of evidence.

?Does it all match your

predictions?

Describe this andthe evidence that

supports it.

?Does most of the

evidence match yourpredictions?

You can have a LOW level of confidence in the hypothesis.

Describe the evidencethat supports and

opposes it.

No

Describe theevidence thatopposes it.

?Are there any mistakes

that could lead to

inconsistent results?

Describe how to improve themethod, to see if thehypothesis is really correct.

No

Suggest other hypothesesthat would explain the results

you got.


START HERE

The reaction times tests and hand-eye coordination do but not thehazard perception test.

Students could take both routes here to a certainextent.

Good area for debate – the students may spot someparts of the test that they feel were mistakes e.g.not waiting long enough after drinking and beforetaking the test.

The effects of alcohol are notcancelled out bythe affects of caffeine (or it doesbut atconcentrations nottested)

Teacher notes

© OCR 2012



Our conclusion from

this study is that

eating broccoli can prevent

the growth

of cancer.

Report from The Daily Post

Scientists grew cancer cells and normal healthy cells outside of the body. Theythen added different concentrations of the chemical to each (higher than amounts

naturally found in broccoli) and measured the growth of the cells. These graphs

show the results:

concentration of chemical added g r o w t h o f c a n

c e r c e l l s

1 Use the results on graph A to explain how The Daily Post came up with their conclusion.2 Study graph B.

a Comment on how confident you are with their conclusion and explain why.

b What further data would help you to be more confident in the conclusion?

Research published last week found that a chemical found in broccoli

slows down the growth of cancer cells.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

zero low high

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

zero low high

concentration of chemical added

g r o w t h o f n o r m a l c e l l sgraph A graph B


© OCR 2012



Report from The Daily Post : Marking GuideWorking critically with science

General criteria

Report from The Daily Post

Typical student response

Lowdemand

Explain how a conclusionis based on the scientific evidencewhich has been collected.

● The Daily Post came up with their conclusion that eating broccoli canprevent the growth of cancer.

● The results in graph A shows that as you increase the concentrationof the chemical found in broccoli, the growth of cancer cells slowsdown.

(1-2 marks)

Standard

demand

Discuss the level of confidence in aconclusion based on theidentification of a qualitativerelationship between variables andthe way further predictions can

lead to more evidence beingobtained.

As above plus:

● Graph B shows that the increasing the concentration of the chemicalfound in broccoli also slows down the growth of normal, healthy cells. Thisshows that the chemical could slow down the growth of all cells inthe body, not just cancer cells.

(3-4 marks)

High

demand

Identify and critically analyseconflicting evidence, or weaknessesin the data, which lead to different

interpretations, and give a detailedexplanation of what further datawould help to make the conclusionmore secure.

As above plus:

● Confidence in The Daily Post’s conclusion is low because theconcentrations of chemicals used in the experiments were muchhigher than what is normally found in broccoli. This means thateating broccoli will not provide the body with a high enough concentrationof the chemical to affect cancer cells.

● The tests were done on cells outside of the body so the effects of thechemical inside the body may be totally different for example, thechemical may be digested in the stomach and never enter thebloodstream. Also, it might be more or less effective on different types of cancer cell e.g. might be highly effective on (say) stomach cancer cells butless effective on (say) brain cancer cells.

● Further data needs to be collected using the same concentration asfound in broccoli on cancer cells inside a human body.

(5-6 marks)


© OCR 2012




NoYour cannot draw aclear conclusion, asthe results areinconsistent.

Look at the methodused to collect eachpiece of evidence.

Describe what it shows.

Look at the 2nd piece of evidence (graph/chart/table)

Yes

?Do both pieces of evidence match your

prediction?

?

Describe how youthink the problemled to inconsistentresults.

Yes


You can draw a clear conclusion toanswer the original question.

STARTHERE

Look at the 1st piece of evidence (graph/chart/table)

?

Can you find anyproblems?

Describe theevidence whichsupports andopposes thehypothesis.

© OCR 2012


Write the conclusion and

describe the evidence that

supports it.



NoYour cannot draw aclear conclusion, asthe results areinconsistent.


© OCR 2012

Drinking Buzz will result in no change to yourreaction times. They clearly show that as theamount of caffeine increases the depressive

effects of the alcohol are cancelled out.

The prediction

is thatdrinking buzzwill result inno change toreaction timesand hand-eyecoordinationand bothsets of resultsshow

that thisis true.

Drinking Buzz will very slightly decrease your hand-eye coordination (around one less ball caught in 30seconds). They clearly show that as the amount of caffeine increases the depressive effects of thealcohol are cancelled out.

The conclusion is that drinking Buzz has no effecton reaction times and hand-eye coordination, andthis is supported by the data.

You can debate here that this route should be taken in light of the hand-eye

coordination results. Do the students think that this result is enough proof thatthe results are inconsistent?

Teacher notes

Look at the methodused to collect eachpiece of evidence.


Look at the 2nd piece of evidence (graph/chart/table)

Yes

?Do both pieces of evidence match your

prediction?

?

Describe how youthink the problemled to inconsistentresults.

Yes

You can draw a clear conclusion toanswer the original question.

STARTHERE

Look at the 1st piece of evidence (graph/chart/table)

?

Can you find anyproblems?

Describe theevidence whichsupports andopposes thehypothesis.


Write the conclusion and

describe the evidence that

supports it.



© OCR 2012 3072589305

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70031 Skill Up Lesson What s the Conclusion Student Sheets