12
MEDICAL POLICY – 7.01.128 Bronchial Valves BCBSA Ref. Policy: 7.01.128 Effective Date: Sept. 1, 2019 Last Revised: Aug. 6, 2019 Replaces: N/A RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES: None Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section. POLICY CRITERIA | CODING | RELATED INFORMATION EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above. Introduction In the chest, the lung sits in an airless sack called the pleural cavity or pleural space. The only air in the chest should be found within the lung itself. If the lung leaks air, the air can escape from the lung into the pleural space. If air leaks into the pleural space, the lung may be unable to adequately inflate, resulting in a collapsed lung or shallow, slow, or inadequate breathing. As a result, too little oxygen may get into the blood. Air leaks can occur because of disease, surgery, or injury. A type of one-way valve has been proposed as a way to try to keep air from leaking out of the lung. The umbrella-shaped device is placed in the airway and is intended to keep air from moving toward the air leak. This type of device is investigational (unproven). More studies are needed to see how well it works compared to standard treatments and to look at its overall safety. Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a service may be covered. Policy Coverage Criteria

7.01.128 Bronchial Valves - Premera Blue Cross · airway pressures induced during mechanical ventilation, lung surgery, and rupture of lung blebs ... emphysema, which should typically

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    8

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • MEDICAL POLICY – 7.01.128

    Bronchial Valves

    BCBSA Ref. Policy: 7.01.128

    Effective Date: Sept. 1, 2019

    Last Revised: Aug. 6, 2019

    Replaces: N/A

    RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES:

    None

    Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section.

    POLICY CRITERIA | CODING | RELATED INFORMATION

    EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY

    ∞ Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above.

    Introduction

    In the chest, the lung sits in an airless sack called the pleural cavity or pleural space. The only air

    in the chest should be found within the lung itself. If the lung leaks air, the air can escape from

    the lung into the pleural space. If air leaks into the pleural space, the lung may be unable to

    adequately inflate, resulting in a collapsed lung or shallow, slow, or inadequate breathing. As a

    result, too little oxygen may get into the blood. Air leaks can occur because of disease, surgery,

    or injury. A type of one-way valve has been proposed as a way to try to keep air from leaking

    out of the lung. The umbrella-shaped device is placed in the airway and is intended to keep air

    from moving toward the air leak. This type of device is investigational (unproven). More studies

    are needed to see how well it works compared to standard treatments and to look at its overall

    safety.

    Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The

    rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for

    providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can

    be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a

    service may be covered.

    Policy Coverage Criteria

  • Page | 2 of 10 ∞

    Device Investigational Bronchial valves Bronchial valves are considered investigational in all situations

    including but not limited to:

    • Treatment of prolonged air leaks

    • Treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary

    disease or emphysema

    Coding

    Code Description

    CPT 31647 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with

    balloon occlusion, when performed, assessment of air leak, airway sizing, and insertion

    of bronchial valve(s), initial lobe

    31648 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with

    removal of bronchial valve(s), initial lobe

    31649 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with

    removal of bronchial valve(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code

    for primary procedure)

    31651 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with

    balloon occlusion, when performed, assessment of air leak, airway sizing, and insertion

    of bronchial valve(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code for

    primary procedure[s])

    Note: CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). HCPCS

    codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by Centers for Medicare Services (CMS).

    Related Information

    N/A

    Evidence Review

  • Page | 3 of 10 ∞

    Description

    Bronchial valves are synthetic devices deployed with bronchoscopy into ventilatory airways of

    the lung to control airflow. They have been investigated for use in patients who have prolonged

    bronchopleural air leaks and as an alternative to lung volume reduction surgery in patients with

    lobar hyperinflation from severe or advanced emphysema.

    Background

    Air Leaks

    Proper lung functioning depends on the separation between the air-containing parts of the lung

    and the small vacuum-containing space around the lung called the pleural space. When air leaks

    into the pleural space the lung is unable to inflate, resulting in hypoventilation and hypoxemia;

    this condition is known as a pneumothorax. A pneumothorax can result from trauma, high

    airway pressures induced during mechanical ventilation, lung surgery, and rupture of lung blebs

    or bullae, which may be congenital or the result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    Treatment

    Although an air leak from the lung into the pleural space may seal spontaneously, it often

    requires intervention. Techniques currently used to try to close air leaks include the following:

    • Inserting a chest tube (tube thoracostomy) and using a water seal or one-way valve to

    evacuate air collected in the pleural space and prevent it from reaccumulating;

    • Lowering airway pressures by adjusting the mechanical ventilator;

    • Using autologous blood patches; and

    • Performing a thoracotomy with mechanical or chemical pleurodesis.

    A bronchial valve is a device that permits one-way air movement. During inhalation the valve is

    closed, preventing air flow to the diseased area of the lung. The valve opens during exhalation

    to allow air to escape from the diseased area of the lung. When used to treat persistent air leak

    from the lung into the pleural space, the bronchial valve theoretically permits less air flow across

    the diseased portion of the lung during inhalation, aiding in air leak closure. The valve may be

    placed, and subsequently removed, by bronchoscopy.

  • Page | 4 of 10 ∞

    Emphysema

    In emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral lung tissue may form

    bullae. These diseased portions of the lung ventilate poorly, cause air trapping, and

    hyperinflation, compressing relatively normal lung tissue. They also may rupture, causing a

    pneumothorax.

    Treatment

    Use of a bronchial valve is thought to prevent hyperinflation of bullae. Their use to treat chronic

    obstructive pulmonary disease is based on the improvement observed in patients who have

    undergone lung volume reduction surgery. Lung volume reduction surgery involves excision of

    peripheral emphysematous lung tissue, generally from the upper lobes. The precise mechanism

    of clinical improvement for patients undergoing lung volume reduction has not been firmly

    established. However, it is believed that elastic recoil and diaphragmatic function are improved

    by reducing the volume of the diseased lung. The procedure is designed to relieve dyspnea and

    improve functional lung capacity and quality of life; it is not curative. Bronchial valves have been

    investigated as a nonsurgical alternative to lung volume reduction surgery.

    Summary of Evidence

    For individuals who have pulmonary air leaks who receive bronchial valves, the evidence

    includes case series and a prospective cohort observational study related to the Humanitarian

    Device Exemption for the Spiration IBV Valve device. Relevant outcomes are overall survival,

    symptoms, functional outcomes, quality of life, and treatment-related morbidity. Other reports

    are small series of heterogeneous patients. There are no comparative data with alternatives. The

    evidence is insufficient to determine the effects of the technology on health outcomes.

    For individuals who have severe or advanced emphysema who receive bronchial valves, the

    evidence includes11 RCTs and 3 systemic reviews. Relevant outcomes are overall survival,

    symptoms, functional outcomes, quality of life, and treatment-related morbidity. In patients with

    severe emphysema and low collateral ventilation, RCTs provide evidence of clinically meaningful

    benefit for bronchial valves compared to standard medical management on measures of lung

    function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life, but there was a greater risk of serious adverse

    events compared to usual care. Because of limitations in study designs, especially a lack of

  • Page | 5 of 10 ∞

    blinding, significant heterogeneity across studies on some measures, and a higher risk of serious

    adverse events, with up to 29% of patients experiencing pneumothorax, the evidence is

    insufficient to determine that the technology improves the net health outcome.

    Ongoing and Unpublished Clinical Trials

    Some currently unpublished trials that might influence this review are listed in Table 1.

    Table 1. Summary of Key Trials

    NCT No. Trial Name Planned

    Enrollment

    Completion

    Date

    Ongoing

    NCT02382614a Safety and Effectiveness of the Spiration Valve System

    (SVS) in Air Leaks (VAST)

    200 Dec 2018

    (suspended)

    NCT02022683a A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

    of Endobronchial Valve Therapy vs. Standard of Care in

    Heterogeneous Emphysema (TRANSFORM)

    97 Dec 2018

    (long-term

    safety)

    NCT01796392a Lung Function Improvement After Bronchoscopic Lung

    Volume Reduction With Pulmonx Endobronchial Valves

    Used in Treatment of Emphysema (LIBERATE)

    183 Sep 2021

    (long-term

    safety)

    NCT01812447a A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Clinical

    Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the

    Spiration® Valve System for the Single Lobe Treatment of

    Severe Emphysema (EMPROVE)

    172 May 2022

    NCT: national clinical trial.

    a Denotes industry-sponsored or cosponsored trial.

    Clinical Input Received from Physician Specialty Societies and Academic

    Medical Centers

    While the various physician specialty societies and academic medical centers may collaborate

    with and make recommendations during this process, through the provision of appropriate

    reviewers, input received does not represent an endorsement or position statement by the

    physician specialty societies or academic medical centers, unless otherwise noted.

    https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02382614?term=NCT02382614&rank=1https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02022683?term=NCT02022683&rank=1https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01796392?term=NCT01796392&rank=1https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01812447?term=NCT01812447&rank=1

  • Page | 6 of 10 ∞

    In response to requests, input was received through one physician specialty society and three

    academic medical centers while this policy was under review in 2011. Input generally agreed that

    use of bronchial valves is investigational for treating emphysema. Regarding use of bronchial

    valves for treating prolonged air leaks, reviewers acknowledged that only limited case series are

    available. Of the four reviewers, one supported the investigational indication, two supported the

    compassionate use of valves for treating prolonged air leaks, and the fourth thought that

    treatment of prolonged air leaks might be reasonable but had concerns about potential

    complications.

    Practice Guidelines and Position Statements

    British Thoracic Society

    In 2011, the British Thoracic Society published guidelines on advanced diagnostic and

    therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in adults.15 The guidelines indicated that the evidence is

    insufficient to recommend routine use of bronchial valves for treatment of emphysema.

    National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

    In December 2017, NICE issued the following recommendations on endobronchial valve

    insertion to reduce lung volume in emphysema:16

    1.1 Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of endobronchial valve insertion to reduce

    lung volume in emphysema is adequate in quantity and quality to support the use of this

    procedure provided that standard arrangements are in place for clinical governance, consent

    and audit.

    1.2 Patient selection should be done by a multidisciplinary team experienced in managing

    emphysema, which should typically include a chest physician, a radiologist, a thoracic surgeon

    and a respiratory nurse.

    1.3 Patients selected for treatment should have had pulmonary rehabilitation.

    1.4 The procedure should only be done to occlude volumes of the lung where there is no

    collateral ventilation, by clinicians with specific training in doing the procedure.

  • Page | 7 of 10 ∞

    Medicare National Coverage

    There is no national coverage determination.

    Regulatory Status

    In October 2008, the Spiration® IBV System (Spiration) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug

    Administration (FDA) through the humanitarian device exemption (H060002) process for use in

    controlling prolonged air leaks of the lung or significant air leaks that are likely to become

    prolonged air leaks following lobectomy, segmentectomy, or lung volume reduction surgery. An

    air leak present on postoperative day 7 is considered prolonged unless present only during

    forced exhalation or cough. An air leak present on day 5 should be considered for treatment if it

    is: (1) continuous, (2) present during the normal inhalation phase of inspiration, or (3) present on

    normal expiration and accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema or respiratory compromise.

    Use of the intrabronchial Valve System is limited to 6 weeks per prolonged air leak. FDA product

    code: OAZ.

    Currently, two bronchial valve systems are FDA approved for treatment of patients with severe

    emphysema. In June 2018, FDA granted the Zephyr Valve system breakthrough device status

    with expedited approval for the bronchoscopic treatment of adult patients with hyperinflation

    associated with severe emphysema in regions of the lung that have little to no collateral

    ventilation. In December 2018, FDA approved the Spiration Valve System for adult patients with

    shortness of breath and hyperinflation associated with severe emphysema in regions of the lung

    that have evidence of low collateral ventilation. FDA product code: NJK.

    Table 2. Bronchial Valves Approved by FDA

    Device Manufacturer Location Date

    Approved

    HDE/PMA

    No.

    IBV® Valve System

    To control prolonged air leaks of the

    lung, or significant air leaks that are likely

    to become prolonged air leaks, following

    lobectomy, segmentectomy, or lung

    volume reduction surgery (LVRS).

    Spiration, Inc Redmond, WA 10/24/08 H060002

    Spiration® Valve System Spiration, Inc Redmond, WA 12/03/18 P180007

  • Page | 8 of 10 ∞

    Device Manufacturer Location Date

    Approved

    HDE/PMA

    No.

    One-way endobronchial valves indicated

    for adult patients with shortness of

    breath and hyperinflation associated with

    severe emphysema in regions of the lung

    that have evidence of low collateral

    ventilation

    Breakthrough designation status

    06/18/15

    Zephyr® Endobronchial Valve System

    Implantable bronchial valves indicated

    for the bronchoscopic treatment of adult

    patients with hyperinflation associated

    with severe emphysema in regions of the

    lung that have little to no collateral

    ventilation

    Breakthrough designation status

    Pulmonx

    Corporation

    Redwood City,

    CA

    06/29/18

    05/04/17

    P180002

    FDA: Food and Drug Administration, HDE: human device exemption; PMA: premarket approval application.

    References

    1. Travaline JM, McKenna RJ, Jr., De Giacomo T, et al. Treatment of persistent pulmonary air leaks using endobronchial valves.

    Chest. Aug 2009;136(2):355-360. PMID 19349382.

    2. Firlinger I, Stubenberger E, Muller MR, et al. Endoscopic one-way valve implantation in patients with prolonged air leak and the

    use of digital air leak monitoring. Ann Thorac Surg. Apr 2013;95(4):1243-1249. PMID 23434254.

    3. Gillespie CT, Sterman DH, Cerfolio RJ, et al. Endobronchial valve treatment for prolonged air leaks of the lung: a case series. Ann

    Thorac Surg. Jan 2011;91(1):270-273. PMID 21172529.

    4. van Agteren JE, Hnin K, Grosser D, et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction procedures for chronic obstructive pulmonary

    disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Feb 23 2017;2:CD012158. PMID 28230230.

    5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: Diagnosis and

    management. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng115 Accessed August 2019.

    6. van Geffen, WW, Slebos, DD, Herth, FF, Kemp, SS, Weder, WW, Shah, PP. Surgical and endoscopic interventions that reduce

    lung volume for emphysema: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med, 2019 Feb 13;7(4). PMID 30744937.

    7. Criner, GG, Sue, RR, Wright, SS, Dransfield, MM, Rivas-Perez, HH, Wiese, TT, Sciurba, FF, Shah, PP, Wahidi, MM, de Oliveira, HH,

    Morrissey, BB, Cardoso, PP, Hays, SS, Majid, AA, Pastis, NN, Kopas, LL, Vollenweider, MM, McFadden, PP, Machuzak, MM, Hsia,

    DD, Sung, AA, Jarad, NN, Kornaszewska, MM, Hazelrigg, SS, Krishna, GG, Armstrong, BB, Shargill, NN, Slebos, DD, Criner, GG,

    Cordova, FF, Desai, PP, Marchetti, NN, Kim, VV, Shenoy, KK, Travaline, JJ, Thomas, JJ, Criner, LL, Sue, RR, Wright, SS, Thornburg,

    AA, Thomas, TT, Dransfield, MM, Bhatt, SS, Wells, JJ, Seabron-Harris, NN, Rivas-Perez, HH, Gauhar, UU, Wiese, TT, Despirito, CC,

    Sciurba, FF, Bon Field, JJ, Chandra, DD, Leader, JJ, Semaan, RR, Ledezma, CC, Shah, PP, Kemp, SS, Garner, JJ, Aboelhassan, AA,

    https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng115

  • Page | 9 of 10 ∞

    Srikanthan, KK, Tenda, EE, Abraham, AA, Sim, CC, Wahidi, MM, Mahmood, KK, Shofer, SS, Coles, KK, de Oliveira, HH, Oliveira,

    GG, Machado, BB, Benedetto, II, Svartman, FF, de Macedo Neto, AA, Schreiner, LL, Vieira, TT, Morrissey, BB, Yoneda, KK, Tham,

    TT, Tompkins, DD, Guerreiro Cardoso, PP, Athanazio, RR, Nominando, FF, Rached, SS, Cassimiro, LL, Hays, SS, Seeley, EE,

    Shrestha, PP, Dincheva, GG, Majid, AA, Alape-Moya, DD, Parikh, MM, Paton, AA, Agnew, AA, Pastis, NN, Strange, CC, Beiko, TT,

    Woodford, DD, Blanton, MM, Kopas, LL, Connolly, TT, Santacruz, JJ, Shah, BB, Vollenweider, MM, Herrera, LL, Khan, RR, Sernulka,

    KK, McFadden, PP, Barbers, RR, Hernandez, MM, Machuzak, MM, Almeida, FF, Cicenia, JJ, Gildea, TT, Mehta, AA, Sethi, SS, Meli,

    YY, Hsia, DD, Casaburi, RR, Stringer, WW, Diaz, LL, Sung, AA, Ramsey, MM, Van Wert, RR, Morris, KK, Jarad, NN, Batchelor, TT,

    Sequeiros, II, Tucker, KK, Kornaszweska, MM, Fallouh, HH, Sabit, RR, Naase, HH, George, JJ, Salimian, AA, Dyer, HH, Hazelrigg,

    SS, Adams, KK, Bade, KK, Krishna, GG, Benn, BB, Canfield, MM, Vetri Villalan, SS, Stewart, TT, Slebos, DD, Ten Hacken, NN,

    Klooster, KK, Hartman, JJ, Augustijn, SS. A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Zephyr Endobronchial Valve Treatment in

    Heterogeneous Emphysema (LIBERATE). Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2018 May 23;198(9). PMID 29787288.

    8. Kemp, SS, Slebos, DD, Kirk, AA, Kornaszewska, MM, Carron, KK, Ek, LL, Broman, GG, Hillerdal, GG, Mal, HH, Pison, CC, Briault, AA,

    Downer, NN, Darwiche, KK, Rao, JJ, Hübner, RR, Ruwwe-Glosenkamp, CC, Trosini-Desert, VV, Eberhardt, RR, Herth, FF, Derom,

    EE, Malfait, TT, Shah, PP, Garner, JJ, Ten Hacken, NN, Fallouh, HH, Leroy, SS, Marquette, CC. A Multicenter Randomized

    Controlled Trial of Zephyr Endobronchial Valve Treatment in Heterogeneous Emphysema (TRANSFORM). Am. J. Respir. Crit.

    Care Med., 2017 Sep 9;196(12). PMID 28885054.

    9. Herth FJ, Noppen M, Valipour A, et al. Efficacy predictors of lung volume reduction with Zephyr valves in a European cohort. Eur

    Respir J. Jun 2012;39(6):1334-1342. PMID 22282552.

    10. Davey C, Zoumot Z, Jordan S, et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves for patients with

    heterogeneous emphysema and intact interlobar fissures (the BeLieVeR-HIFi study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. Sep

    12 2015;386(9998):1066-1073. PMID 26116485.

    11. Sciurba FC, Ernst A, Herth FJ, et al. A randomized study of endobronchial valves for advanced emphysema. N Engl J Med. Sep 23

    2010;363(13):1233-1244. PMID 20860505.

    12. Wood DE, Nader DA, Springmeyer SC, et al. The IBV Valve trial: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of endobronchial

    therapy for severe emphysema. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. Oct 2014;21(4):288-297. PMID 25321447.

    13. Li, SS, Wang, GG, Wang, CC, Gao, XX, Jin, FF, Yang, HH, Han, BB, Zhou, RR, Chen, CC, Chen, LL, Bai, CC, Shen, HH, Herth, FF,

    Zhong, NN. The REACH Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of the Spiration® Valve

    System in the Treatment of Severe Emphysema. Respiration, 2018 Dec 17;1-12:1-12. PMID 30554211.

    14. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Spiration Valve System. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data. Available at:

    https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf18/P180007B.pdf Accessed August 2019.

    15. Du Rand IA, Barber PV, Goldring J, et al. Summary of the British Thoracic Society guidelines for advanced diagnostic and

    therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in adults. Thorax. Nov 2011;66(11):1014-1015. PMID 22003155.

    16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Endobronchial valve insertion to reduce lung volume in emphysema. Available

    at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/IPG600/chapter/1-Recommendations Accessed August 2019.

    History

    Date Comments 01/11/11 Add to Surgery Section - New policy created with literature search through October

    2010; considered investigational.

    04/25/12 Replace policy. Policy updated with clinical input and a literature search through

    December 2011. References 10, 12 and 13 added; other references reordered. Policy

    https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf18/P180007B.pdfhttps://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/IPG600/chapter/1-Recommendations

  • Page | 10 of 10 ∞

    Date Comments statements unchanged.

    01/10/13 Coding update. CPT codes 0250T – 0252T deleted as of 12/31/12; these are replaced

    by 31647 – 31649, which are added to the policy, along with 31651, 31660 – 31661, all

    effective 1/1/13.

    04/16/13 Replace policy. Policy updated with a literature search through January 16, 2013.

    Reference 6 added; other references reordered. Policy statements unchanged. Codes

    31660 and 31661 removed; they have been added to another policy and do not apply

    to this policy.

    05/05/14 Annual Review. Policy updated with a literature search through January 7, 2014.

    References 2 and 8 added; other references reordered or removed. Policy statements

    unchanged.

    05/27/15 Annual Review. Policy updated with a literature review through February 4, 2015.

    References 8-9 added. Policy statement edited for clarification only. ICD-10-PCS codes

    added per remediation.

    09/01/16 Annual Review, approved August 9, 2016. Policy updated with literature review

    through April 27, 2016; reference 8 added. Policy statement unchanged.

    08/01/17 Annual Review, approved July 25, 2017. Policy moved to new format. Policy updated

    with literature review through April 25, 2017; reference 4 added. “Endobronchial”

    changed to “Bronchial” in policy and title. Policy statement otherwise unchanged.

    09/01/18 Annual Review, approved August 23, 2018. Policy updated with literature review

    through April 2018; no references added. Policy statement unchanged.

    09/01/19 Annual Review, approved Aug. 6, 2019. Policy updated with literature review through

    April 2019; references added. Regulatory status section updated with indications for

    patients with severe emphysema. Policy statement unchanged.

    Disclaimer: This medical policy is a guide in evaluating the medical necessity of a particular service or treatment. The

    Company adopts policies after careful review of published peer-reviewed scientific literature, national guidelines and

    local standards of practice. Since medical technology is constantly changing, the Company reserves the right to review

    and update policies as appropriate. Member contracts differ in their benefits. Always consult the member benefit

    booklet or contact a member service representative to determine coverage for a specific medical service or supply.

    CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). ©2019 Premera

    All Rights Reserved.

    Scope: Medical policies are systematically developed guidelines that serve as a resource for Company staff when

    determining coverage for specific medical procedures, drugs or devices. Coverage for medical services is subject to

    the limits and conditions of the member benefit plan. Members and their providers should consult the member

    benefit booklet or contact a customer service representative to determine whether there are any benefit limitations

    applicable to this service or supply. This medical policy does not apply to Medicare Advantage.

  • Discrimination is Against the Law

    Premera Blue Cross complies with applicable Federal civil rights laws and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, or sex. Premera does not exclude people or treat them differently because of race, color, national origin, age, disability or sex.

    Premera: • Provides free aids and services to people with disabilities to communicate

    effectively with us, such as: • Qualified sign language interpreters • Written information in other formats (large print, audio, accessible

    electronic formats, other formats) • Provides free language services to people whose primary language is not

    English, such as: • Qualified interpreters• Information written in other languages

    If you need these services, contact the Civil Rights Coordinator.

    If you believe that Premera has failed to provide these services or discriminated in another way on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, or sex, you can file a grievance with: Civil Rights Coordinator - Complaints and Appeals PO Box 91102, Seattle, WA 98111 Toll free 855-332-4535, Fax 425-918-5592, TTY 800-842-5357 Email [email protected]

    You can file a grievance in person or by mail, fax, or email. If you need help filing a grievance, the Civil Rights Coordinator is available to help you.

    You can also file a civil rights complaint with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, electronically through the Office for Civil Rights Complaint Portal, available at https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/portal/lobby.jsf, or by mail or phone at: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 200 Independence Avenue SW, Room 509F, HHH Building Washington, D.C. 20201, 1-800-368-1019, 800-537-7697 (TDD) Complaint forms are available at http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/office/file/index.html.

    Getting Help in Other Languages

    This Notice has Important Information. This notice may have important information about your application or coverage through Premera Blue Cross. There may be key dates in this notice. You may need to take action by certain deadlines to keep your health coverage or help with costs. You have the right to get this information and help in your language at no cost. Call 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    አማሪኛ (Amharic): ይህ ማስታወቂያ አስፈላጊ መረጃ ይዟል። ይህ ማስታወቂያ ስለ ማመልከቻዎ ወይም የ Premera Blue Cross ሽፋን አስፈላጊ መረጃ ሊኖረው ይችላል። በዚህ ማስታወቂያ ውስጥ ቁልፍ ቀኖች ሊኖሩ ይችላሉ። የጤናን ሽፋንዎን ለመጠበቅና በአከፋፈል እርዳታ ለማግኘት በተውሰኑ የጊዜ ገደቦች እርምጃ መውሰድ ይገባዎት ይሆናል። ይህን መረጃ እንዲያገኙ እና ያለምንም ክፍያ በቋንቋዎ እርዳታ እንዲያገኙ መብት አለዎት።በስልክ ቁጥር 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357) ይደውሉ።

    ( ةالعربي :(. امةھ ماتولعم اإلشعار ھذا يحوي

    خالل من ھاعلي صولحلا تريد لتيا التغطيةلل أو ةصحيلاكطيتتغ لىع اظلحفل نةعيم يخراوت في إجراء خاذتال تحتاج وقد .اإلشعار ھذا في

    تكلفة أية بدتك دون بلغتك مساعدةوال تاوملالمع ھذه على ولحصال لك يحق .800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)

    أو طلبك وصخصب مةمھ ماتوعلم عارشإلا ھذا ويحي قدةمھم يخراوت ھناك تكون قد .Premera Blue Cross

    اعدةمس تصلايفكالتال دفع فيبـ

    .

    Arabic

    Oromoo (Cushite): Beeksisni kun odeeffannoo barbaachisaa qaba. Beeksisti kun sagantaa yookan karaa Premera Blue Cross tiin tajaajila keessan ilaalchisee odeeffannoo barbaachisaa qabaachuu danda’a. Guyyaawwan murteessaa ta’an beeksisa kana keessatti ilaalaa. Tarii kaffaltiidhaan deeggaramuuf yookan tajaajila fayyaa keessaniif guyyaa dhumaa irratti wanti raawwattan jiraachuu danda’a. Kaffaltii irraa bilisa haala ta’een afaan keessaniin odeeffannoo argachuu fi deeggarsa argachuuf mirga ni qabaattu. Lakkoofsa bilbilaa 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357) tii bilbilaa.

    Français (French): Cet avis a d'importantes informations. Cet avis peut avoir d'importantes informations sur votre demande ou la couverture par l'intermédiaire de Premera Blue Cross. Le présent avis peut contenir des dates clés. Vous devrez peut-être prendre des mesures par certains délais pour maintenir votre couverture de santé ou d'aide avec les coûts. Vous avez le droit d'obtenir cette information et de l’aide dans votre langue à aucun coût. Appelez le 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Kreyòl ayisyen (Creole): Avi sila a gen Enfòmasyon Enpòtan ladann. Avi sila a kapab genyen enfòmasyon enpòtan konsènan aplikasyon w lan oswa konsènan kouvèti asirans lan atravè Premera Blue Cross. Kapab genyen dat ki enpòtan nan avi sila a. Ou ka gen pou pran kèk aksyon avan sèten dat limit pou ka kenbe kouvèti asirans sante w la oswa pou yo ka ede w avèk depans yo. Se dwa w pou resevwa enfòmasyon sa a ak asistans nan lang ou pale a, san ou pa gen pou peye pou sa. Rele nan 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Deutsche (German): Diese Benachrichtigung enthält wichtige Informationen. Diese Benachrichtigung enthält unter Umständen wichtige Informationen bezüglich Ihres Antrags auf Krankenversicherungsschutz durch Premera Blue Cross. Suchen Sie nach eventuellen wichtigen Terminen in dieser Benachrichtigung. Sie könnten bis zu bestimmten Stichtagen handeln müssen, um Ihren Krankenversicherungsschutz oder Hilfe mit den Kosten zu behalten. Sie haben das Recht, kostenlose Hilfe und Informationen in Ihrer Sprache zu erhalten. Rufen Sie an unter 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Hmoob (Hmong): Tsab ntawv tshaj xo no muaj cov ntshiab lus tseem ceeb. Tej zaum tsab ntawv tshaj xo no muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb txog koj daim ntawv thov kev pab los yog koj qhov kev pab cuam los ntawm Premera Blue Cross. Tej zaum muaj cov hnub tseem ceeb uas sau rau hauv daim ntawv no. Tej zaum koj kuj yuav tau ua qee yam uas peb kom koj ua tsis pub dhau cov caij nyoog uas teev tseg rau hauv daim ntawv no mas koj thiaj yuav tau txais kev pab cuam kho mob los yog kev pab them tej nqi kho mob ntawd. Koj muaj cai kom lawv muab cov ntshiab lus no uas tau muab sau ua koj hom lus pub dawb rau koj. Hu rau 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Iloko (Ilocano): Daytoy a Pakdaar ket naglaon iti Napateg nga Impormasion. Daytoy a pakdaar mabalin nga adda ket naglaon iti napateg nga impormasion maipanggep iti apliksayonyo wenno coverage babaen iti Premera Blue Cross. Daytoy ket mabalin dagiti importante a petsa iti daytoy a pakdaar. Mabalin nga adda rumbeng nga aramidenyo nga addang sakbay dagiti partikular a naituding nga aldaw tapno mapagtalinaedyo ti coverage ti salun-atyo wenno tulong kadagiti gastos. Adda karbenganyo a mangala iti daytoy nga impormasion ken tulong iti bukodyo a pagsasao nga awan ti bayadanyo. Tumawag iti numero nga 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Italiano ( ):Questo avviso contiene informazioni importanti. Questo avviso può contenere informazioni importanti sulla tua domanda o copertura attraverso Premera Blue Cross. Potrebbero esserci date chiave in questo avviso. Potrebbe essere necessario un tuo intervento entro una scadenza determinata per consentirti di mantenere la tua copertura o sovvenzione. Hai il diritto di ottenere queste informazioni e assistenza nella tua lingua gratuitamente. Chiama 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Italian

    中文 (Chinese):本通知有重要的訊息。本通知可能有關於您透過 Premera Blue Cross 提交的申請或保險的重要訊息。本通知內可能有重要日期。您可能需要在截止日期

    之前採取行動,以保留您的健康保險或者費用補貼。您有權利免費以您的母

    語得到本訊息和幫助。請撥電話 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)。

    037338 (07-2016)

    https://www.hhs.gov/ocr/office/file/index.htmlhttps://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/portal/lobby.jsfmailto:[email protected]

  • 日本語 (Japanese):この通知には重要な情報が含まれています。この通知には、 Premera Blue Crossの申請または補償範囲に関する重要な情報が含まれている場合があります。この通知に記載されている可能性がある重要な日付をご確認くだ

    さい。健康保険や有料サポートを維持するには、特定の期日までに行動を

    取らなければならない場合があります。ご希望の言語による情報とサポー

    トが無料で提供されます。800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)までお電話ください。

    한국어 (Korean): 본 통지서에는 중요한 정보가 들어 있습니다 . 즉 이 통지서는 귀하의 신청에 관하여 그리고 Premera Blue Cross 를 통한 커버리지에 관한 정보를 포함하고 있을 수 있습니다 . 본 통지서에는 핵심이 되는 날짜들이 있을 수 있습니다. 귀하는 귀하의 건강 커버리지를 계속 유지하거나 비용을 절감하기 위해서 일정한 마감일까지 조치를 취해야 할 필요가 있을 수 있습니다 . 귀하는 이러한 정보와 도움을 귀하의 언어로 비용 부담없이 얻을 수 있는 권리가 있습니다 . 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357) 로 전화하십시오 .

    ລາວ (Lao): ແຈ້ງການນີ້ ນສໍ າຄັນ. ແຈ້ງການນີ້ອາດຈະມີ ນສໍ າຄັນກ່ຽວກັບຄໍ າຮ້ອງສະ ກ ຫຼື ຄວາມຄຸ້ມຄອງປະກັນໄພຂອງທ່ານຜ່ານ Premera Blue Cross. ອາດຈະມີ ນທີ າຄັນໃນແຈ້ງການນີ້. ທ່ານອາດຈະຈໍ າເປັ ນຕ້ອງດໍ າເນີ ນການຕາມກໍ ານົດ ເວລາສະເພາະເພື່ອຮັກສາຄວາມຄຸ້ມຄອງປະກັນສຸຂະພາບ ຫຼື ຄວາມຊ່ວຍເຫຼື ອເລື່ອງ າໃຊ້ າຍຂອງທ່ານໄວ້ . ທ່ານມີ ດໄດ້ ບຂໍ້ ນນີ້ ແລະ ຄວາມຊ່ວຍເຫຼື ອເປັ ນພາສາ ຂອງທ່ານໂດຍບ່ໍ ເສຍຄ່າ. ໃຫ້ໂທຫາ 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    ູຂໍ້

    ສໍ ັ

    ສິ

    ມູຮັ

    ູມີ ມຂໍ້

    ភាសាែខមរ ( ): ឹ

    រងរបស់

    Premera Blue Cross ។ របែហលជាមាន កាលបរ ិ ឆ ំខានេនៅកងេសចក

    េសចកតជី ូ

    ជាមានព័ ៌ ៉ ងសំ ់អពី ់ ៉ ប់

    នដំ ងេនះមានព័ ី

    តមានយា ខាន ំ ទរមងែបបបទ ឬការរា

    ណ ត៌មានយ៉ា ំ ់ តងសខាន។ េសចក

    េចទស ់ ន ុ ត

    ណងេនះ។ អ វការបេញញសមតភាព ដលកណតៃថ ចបាស

    កតាមរយៈ

    ដំ ឹ នករបែហលជារតូ ច ថ ់ ំ ់ ងជាក់ ់

    នដ

    ី ន

    ំណឹងេនះរបែហល

    នានា េដើ ីនងរកសាទុ ៉ បរងស់ ុ ់ ក ឬរបាក់ ំ

    មប ឹ កការធានារា ខភាពរបស ជ

    ធនកមានសិ ទទលព័ មានេនះ និ ំ យេនៅកុងភាសារបសទិ ួ ត៌ ងជ ននួ

    ់ កេដាយម

    នអ

    យេចញៃថល។ ួ

    នអស

    លុ ើ ូ ូយេឡយ។ សមទ ទ រស័ព 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)។

    Khmer

    ਕਵਰਜ ਅਤ ਅਰਜੀ ਬਾਰ ਮਹ ਤਵਪਰਨ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹ ਸਕਦੀ ਹ . ਇਸ ਨ ਿਜਸ ਜਵਚ ਖਾਸ

    ਤਾਰੀਖਾ ਹ ਸਕਦੀਆ ਹਨ. ਜੇਕਰ ਤਸੀ ਜਸਹਤ ਕਵਰਜ ਿਰਖਣੀ ਹਵ ਜਾ ਓਸ ਦੀ ਲਾਗਤ ਜਿਵਚ ਮਦਦ ਦ ੇਇਛ ੁਕ ਹ ਤਾਂ ਤਹਾਨ ਅ ਤਮ ਤਾਰੀਖ਼ ਤ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਕੁ ਝ ਖਾਸ ਕਦਮ ਚ ਕਣ ਦੀ ਲੜ ਹ ਸਕਦੀ ਹ ,ਤਹੁਾਨ ਮਫ਼ਤ ਿਵਚ ਤ ਆਪਣੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਿਵ ਚ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਅਤ ਮਦਦ ਪਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਿਧਕਾਰ ਹ ,ਕਾਲ 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    ਪ ਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi): ਇਸ ਨ ਿਟਸ ਿਵਚ ਖਾਸ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹ. ਇਸ ਨ ਿਟਸ ਿਵਚ Premera Blue Cross ਵਲ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ

    ੇ ੇ ੇ ੱ ੂ ੋ ੈ ੋੋ ਂ ੁ ੇ ੱ ੋ ੇ ੱੱ ੁ ੱ ੂੁ ੱ ੇ ੱ ੇ ੍ਰ ੈ

    ੋ ੰ ੂ ੱ ੁ ੋ ੋ ੈ ੰ

    ੋ ੈ ੋ

    (Farsi): فارسی فرم بارهدر ھمم اطالعات حاوی است ممکن يهمالعا اين. ميباشد ھمم اطالعات یوحا يهمالعا اين

    در ھمم ھای خيتار به باشد.پ رایبستاکنممماش زينهھ اختدپر در مککيا تان بيمهوشش حقظ

    Premera Blue Cross طريق از ماش مهبيوشش يا و تقاضا ای پ. يدماين جهتو يهمالعا اين

    حق شما. يدشاب داشته اجتياح صیاخ کارھای امانج برای صیمشخ ایھ خيتار به تان، انیمدر ھای کسب برای .نماييد دريافت گانيرا ورط به ودخ زبان به را کمک و اطالعات اين که داريد را اين

    استم ) 5357-842-800 مارهباش ماست TTY انکاربر(800-722-1471 مارهش با اطالعات .اييدنم برقرار

    Polskie (Polish): To ogłoszenie może zawierać ważne informacje. To ogłoszenie może

    zawierać ważne informacje odnośnie Państwa wniosku lub zakresu świadczeń poprzez Premera Blue Cross. Prosimy zwrócic uwagę na kluczowe daty, które mogą być zawarte w tym ogłoszeniu aby nie przekroczyć terminów w przypadku utrzymania polisy ubezpieczeniowej lub pomocy związanej z kosztami. Macie Państwo prawo do bezpłatnej informacji we własnym języku. Zadzwońcie pod 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Português (Portuguese): Este aviso contém informações importantes. Este aviso poderá conter informações importantes a respeito de sua aplicação ou cobertura por meio do Premera Blue Cross. Poderão existir datas importantes neste aviso. Talvez seja necessário que você tome providências dentro de determinados prazos para manter sua cobertura de saúde ou ajuda de custos. Você tem o direito de obter e sta informação e ajuda em seu idioma e sem custos. Ligue para 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Română (Romanian): Prezenta notificare conține informații importante. Această notificare poate conține informații importante privind cererea sau acoperirea asigurării dumneavoastre de sănătate prin Premera Blue Cross. Pot exista date cheie în această notificare. Este posibil să fie nevoie să acționați până la anumite termene limită pentru a vă menține acoperirea asigurării de sănătate sau asistența privitoare la costuri. Aveți dreptul de a obține gratuit aceste informații și ajutor în limba dumneavoastră. Sunați la 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Pусский (Russian): Настоящее уведомление содержит важную информацию. Это уведомление может содержать важную информацию о вашем заявлении или страховом покрытии через Premera Blue Cross. В настоящем уведомлении могут быть указаны ключевые даты. Вам, возможно, потребуется принять меры к определенным предельным срокам для сохранения страхового покрытия или помощи с расходами. Вы имеете право на бесплатное получение этой информации и помощь на вашем языке. Звоните по телефону 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Fa’asamoa (Samoan): Atonu ua iai i lenei fa’asilasilaga ni fa’amatalaga e sili ona taua e tatau ona e malamalama i ai. O lenei fa’asilasilaga o se fesoasoani e fa’amatala atili i ai i le tulaga o le polokalame, Premera Blue Cross, ua e tau fia maua atu i ai. Fa’amolemole, ia e iloilo fa’alelei i aso fa’apitoa olo’o iai i lenei fa’asilasilaga taua. Masalo o le’a iai ni feau e tatau ona e faia ao le’i aulia le aso ua ta’ua i lenei fa’asilasilaga ina ia e iai pea ma maua fesoasoani mai ai i le polokalame a le Malo olo’o e iai i ai. Olo’o iai iate oe le aia tatau e maua atu i lenei fa’asilasilaga ma lenei fa’matalaga i legagana e te malamalama i ai aunoa ma se togiga tupe. Vili atu i le telefoni 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Español ( ): Este Aviso contiene información importante. Es posible que este aviso contenga información importante acerca de su solicitud o cobertura a través de Premera Blue Cross. Es posible que haya fechas clave en este

    tiene derecho a recibir esta información y ayuda en su idioma sin costo

    aviso. Es posible que deba tomar alguna medida antes de determinadas fechas para mantener su cobertura médica o ayuda con los costos. Usted

    alguno. Llame al 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Spanish

    Tagalog (Tagalog): Ang Paunawa na ito ay naglalaman ng mahalagang impormasyon. Ang paunawa na ito ay maaaring naglalaman ng mahalagang impormasyon tungkol sa iyong aplikasyon o pagsakop sa pamamagitan ng Premera Blue Cross. Maaaring may mga mahalagang petsa dito sa paunawa. Maaring mangailangan ka na magsagawa ng hakbang sa ilang mga itinakdang panahon upang mapanatili ang iyong pagsakop sa kalusugan o tulong na walang gastos. May karapatan ka na makakuha ng ganitong impormasyon at tulong sa iyong wika ng walang gastos. Tumawag sa 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    ไทย (Thai): ประกาศนมขอมลสาคญ ประกาศนอาจมขอมลทสาคญเกยวกบการการสมครหรอขอบเขตประกน สขภาพของคณผาน Premera Blue Cross และอาจมกาหนดการในประกาศน คณอาจจะตอง ดาเนนการภายในกาหนดระยะเวลาทแนนอนเพอจะรกษาการประกนสขภาพของคณหรอการชวยเหลอท มคาใชจาย คณมสทธทจะไดรบขอมลและความชวยเหลอนในภาษาของคณโดยไม่มคาใชจาย โทร 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)

    ้ี ี ้ ู ํ ั ้ี ี ้ ู ่ี ํ ั ่ี ั ั ื ัุ ุ ่ ี ํ ี ุ ้ํ ิ ํ ่ี ่ ่ื ั ั ุ ุ ื ่ ื ่ีี ่ ้ ่ ุ ี ิ ิ ่ี ้ ั ้ ู ่ ื ้ี ุ ี ่ ้ ่

    Український (Ukrainian): Це повідомлення містить важливу інформацію. Це повідомлення може містити важливу інформацію про Ваше звернення щодо страхувального покриття через Premera Blue Cross. Зверніть увагу на ключові дати, які можуть бути вказані у цьому повідомленні. Існує імовірність того, що Вам треба буде здійснити певні кроки у конкретні кінцеві строки для того, щоб зберегти Ваше медичне страхування або отримати фінансову допомогу. У Вас є право на отримання цієї інформації та допомоги безкоштовно на Вашій рідній мові. Дзвоніть за номером телефону 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese): Thông báo này cung cấp thông tin quan trọng. Thông báo này có thông tin quan trọng về đơn xin tham gia hoặc hợp đồng bảo hiểm của quý vị qua chương trình Premera Blue Cross. Xin xem ngày quan trọng trong thông báo này. Quý vị có thể phải thực hiện theo thông báo đúng trong thời hạn để duy trì bảo hiểm sức khỏe hoặc được trợ giúp thêm về chi phí. Quý vị có quyền được biết thông tin này và được trợ giúp bằng ngôn ngữ của mình miễn phí. Xin gọi số 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).