(714) Proposal to Conserve the Spelling Jankaea (Gesneriaceae)Author(s): Laurence E. SkogSource: Taxon, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Aug., 1983), pp. 491-492Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT)Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1221527 .

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There is no other name available for the genus if Becium Lindl. is regarded as a homonym and is not conserved.

In the last sixty years or so the name has been widely used in ecological and other literature, for example Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, "Medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern Africa" (ed. 1, 1932; ed. 2, 1963) and in the following Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa: No. 1 (1919) "FLora of the Divisions of Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth" by Schonland; No. 23 (195 1) "The vegetation of Weenen County, Natal" by West; No. 24 (1951) "An ecological account of the vegetation of the Potchefstroom area" by Louw; No. 28 (1953) and No. 40 (1975) "Veld types of South Africa" by Acocks (ed. I and ed. 2); No. 34 (1963) "An account of the plant ecology of the Cathedral Peak area of the Natal Drakensberg" by Killick; No. 36 (1967) "Plant ecology survey of the Tugela basin" by Edwards; No. 42 (1978) "Vegetation of Westfalia Estate on the north-eastern Transvaal escarpment" by Scheepers. Also, the species B. homblei is regarded as being an indicator of copper-bearing for- mations, e.g. Wild and Heyting in Bot. Notiser 119: 349-357 (1966); Howard-Williams in J. Ecol. 58: 745-763 (1970) and in Vegetatio 23: 141-151 (1971).

To the three species upheld by N. E. Brown (l.c.), a further 23 specific names have since been added, though not all of them would be retained if a monograph of the genus were to be undertaken. One species in particular, B. obovatum (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br., is a common and widespread constituent of grassland communities in Africa south of the Sahara and has been illustrated in colour in a number of semi-popular publications, such as Martineau and Phear, "Rhodesian wild flowers" (1953); Eliovson, "South African flowers for the garden" (4 editions, 1955, 1957, 1960, 1965); Letty, "Wild flowers of the Transvaal" (1963); Batten and Bokelmann, "Wild flowers of the Eastern Cape Province" (1966); Trauseld, "Wild flowers of the Natal Drakensberg" (1969); Lucas and Pike, "Wild flowers of the Witwatersrand" (1971); Moriarty, "Wild flowers of Malawi" (1975); Jeppe, "Natal wild flowers" (1975); Pearse, "Mountain splendour" (1978); Tredgold, "Rhodesian wild flowers" (1979).

A change of name will cause inconvenience not only to taxonomists, but also to other users of plant names in fields of horticulture, ecology and economic botany, while universities use "The genera of Southern African flowering plants" (R. A. Dyer, 1975) as a standard set book.

Proposed by: L. E. Codd, Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.

(714) Proposal to conserve the spelling Jankaea (Gesneriaceae).

7807a Jankaea Boissier, Pl. Orient. Nov. 1: 4. 8 Feb 1875. ('Jancaea'), nom. et orth. cons. prop. T.: J. heldreichei (Boissier) Boissier (Haberlea heldreichii Boissier).

Victor Janka von Bulcs (1837-1890), botanist and student of the Danube valley flora as well as curator of the herbarium at Budapest, was memorialized in 1875 by Boissier in Jancaea, the name of a monotypic genus of Gesneriaceae restricted in the wild to Mt. Olympus in Greece. Soon after, Boissier (Fl. Orient. 4: 82. Sep-Oct 1875) spelled the generic name Jankaea. In the Index Nominum Genericorum (1979) the earlier spelling was accepted and the later spelling was included as an ortho- graphic variant.

Because Boissier "corrected" the spelling of the generic name, the "corrected" later form was used exclusively during the intervening century except for the use of the original spelling in Airy-Shaw's seventh (1966) and eighth (1973) editions of Willis's Gard. Dict. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, and in ING (1979). Recent examples of the use of later spelling can be found in horticultural and botanical works such as: Hayek, Magyar Bot. Lapok 1: 191-195. 1926; Hayek, Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, p. 228. 1929; Turrill, The Plant Life of the Balkan Peninsula, p. 297. 1929; Royal Horticultural Soc. Dict. Gard. 2: 1084-1085. 1956; Moore, African Violets, Gloxinias and their relatives, p. 228. 1957; Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 211. 1963; Melchior, Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfa- milien, ed. 12, 2: 463. 1964; Contandriopoulos, 91 Congres des Soc. Savantes 3: 271-280. 1966; Ivanina, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 387. 1966; Ivanina, The Family Gesneriaceae (The Carpological Review), p. 23. 1967; Quezel, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 7: 947-973. 1968; Meyer, Wiss. Z. Friedrich- Schiller- Univ. Jena 19: 401-411. 1970; Rix and Webb, Flora Europaea, 3: 284-285. 1972; Bailey and Bailey, Hortus Third, p. 611. 1976; Huxley and Taylor, Flowers of Greece and the

AUGUST 1983 491

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Aegean, p. 132. 1977; Weber, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 364-365. 1978; Ferns, Quart. J.

Alpine Gard. Soc. 47: 123. 1979; Halda, Preslia 51: 375-376. 1979; Strid, Wild Flowers of Mount

Olympus, p. 313. 1980; New York Bot. Gard. Ill. Encycl. Hort. 6: 1836-1837. 1981; and Batcheller, Gloxinian 32(2): 19. 1982. Index Kewensis includes both spellings as synonyms of Ramonda L. C. M. Richard.

The original spelling of Jancaea in 1875 was not a typographical error by Boissier but was clearly intentional. He used Jancaea and the name of Janka, for whom the genus was named, each twice in the publication. One can only assume that Boissier used the "c" spelling because "k" was a letter

rarely used in classical Latin. We do not know his reason for later revising the spelling to Jankaea, but he may have been encouraged to make plain the eponymy of the generic name.

If the genus were not in cultivation or not known to growers of alpine and rock garden plants in

Europe and western North America, or to collectors of living Gesneriaceae, the acceptance of the earlier and correct spelling of the name of such an apparently insignificant but endangered part of the world's flora would be unquestioned. However, because the genus is known in cultivation, and because the original author revised the spelling to reflect the name of Janka, and because the later spelling of Jankaea has persisted in horticultural and botanical literature, it would seem beneficial and appropriate to conserve the name with the later and better known spelling.

Proposed by: Laurence E. Skog, Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, U.S.A.

(715) Proposal to conserve Triticum aestivum L. (1753) against Triticum hybernum L. (1753) (Gra- mineae).

Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 85. 1753, nom. cons. prop. LT: Specimen in Herb. Clifford, 24, Triticum 3 (BM), designated by Bowden (1959: 674, 1962: 1708), supported here.

(=) Triticum hybernum Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 86. 1753, nom. rej. prop. LT.: Specimen in Herb. Clifford, 24, Triticum 2 (BM) (here designated).

This proposal is made to avoid calling the common bread or soft wheat, Triticum aestivum, as T. hybernum. As Kerguelen (1980) pointed out, the first to unite these simultaneously published species names was not Fiori and Paoletti (1896, as T. aestivum), but M6rat (1821, as T. hybernum). In the

following discussion we will cover the following subjects: history, typification, usage of T. aestivum, economic importance and conclusions.

History Linnaeus (1753) described these "species" among the annual species of Triticum as follows:

aestivum 1. Triticum glumis ventricosis glabris imbricatis aristatis. Hort. ups. 21. Triticum radice annua, spica glabra aristata. Hort. cliff. 24. Roy. lugdb. 170. Triticum aestivum. Bauh. pin. 21. Habitat ....

hybernum 2. Triticum glumis ventricosis laevibus imbricatis submuticis. Hort. ups. 21. Mat. med. 36.

Triticum radice annua, spica mutica. Hort. cliff. 24. Roy. lugdb. 70. Triticum hybernum, aristis carens. Bauh. pin. 21. Habitat ....

The unchanged usage of Linnaeus' earlier phrase-names indicates the retention of the concepts of the species from the "Hortus upsaliensis" (1748). The account in this earlier work differs from that of the Species Plantarum regarding T. aestivum: 1.) by the lack of the citation of van Royen's Flora

Leydensis Prodromus (1740) in which the phrase-name of the Hortus Cliffortianus has been accepted, 2.) by the additional synonym Triticum trimestre. Moris. Hist. 3 s. 8. t. 1. f. 10 who again cites the name of C. Bauhin mentioned already by Linn& and depicts a basally less branched plant with a long- awned spike (cf. Morison, P1. Hist. Univ. 3, sect. 8, p. 175, t. 1. fig. 10, 1699) but in a much less

492 TAXON VOLUME 32

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