7232_huong_dan_dtm_nuoi_trong_thuy_san_nuoc_ngot_01_8049

8/8/2019 7232_huong_dan_dtm_nuoi_trong_thuy_san_nuoc_ngot_01_8049

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B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

HNG DNNH GI TC NG MI TRNG TRONG NUI

TRNG THY SN NC NGT(Km theo Quytnh s:4128/Q-BNN-KHCN

ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)

H Ni, nm 2008

i


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ii

Gii thiuTrong hn hai thp k va qua nc ta, nui trng thy sn (NTTS) ni

chung v NTTS nc ngt ni ring pht trin rt nhanh, v ang mang linhiu li ch v mt kinh t v x hi. Cng vi s pht trin NTTS c nhng

biu hin nh hng tiu cc i vi mi trng cng nhi vi chnh s pht

trin bn vng ca NTTS nc ngt. Lut Thu sn nm 2003 v Lut Bo vmi trng (sa i) nm 2005 to csphp l cho nh gi tc ng mitrng (TM) v nh gi mi trng chin lc (MC). Ngh nh s80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnhmt siu ca Lut Bo v mi trng quy nh cc d n NTTS thm canhtrn 10ha hoc nui qung canh trn 50ha th phi c bo co TM. Tuy nhin,n nay vn cha c vn bn hng dn c th thc hin yu cu ni trn. Dovy B Thy sn trc y v B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn hin nayxy dng v ban hnh vn bn Hng dn nh gi Tc ng Mi trng trong

nui trng thy sn nc ngt thc hin nhng quy nh ca php lut vbo v mi trng trong NTTS nc ngt.

Theo quy nh, bn hng dn ny khng dng nh gi mi trngchin lc (MC) v cng khng dng cho cc d n c tc ng mi trng quy m nh v khng gian v thi gian m yu cu v cng tc qun l mitrng chmc thc hin mt cam kt bo v mi trng.

Hng dn ch yu dnh cho nhng t chc c nng lc v t cch phpnhn thc hin TM nh cc cquan qun l cc cp, cc t chc, chuyn giat vn k thut v qun l mi trng. Ngoi ra, n c thc dng nh ti

liu tham kho cho cc nh u t, d n, cng ng, ngi NTTS...nm ccc yu cu ca bo co TM tham gia vo vic thc hin nh gi v qunl tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh pht trin NTTS nc ngt mt cch hiuqu.

Bn hng dn c son tho v hon thin da trn vic tip thu kinng gp ca nhiu t chc v c nhn trong lnh vc qun l, bo v, nghincu khoa hc, mt s t chc quc t v ngi NTTS. c bit, mt s ni dungv TM trong NTTS ni chung c k tha t Hng dn TM trong

NTTS ven bin theo quyt nh s 133/Q-BTS ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2007ca B trng B Thy sn v Hng dn qun l mi trng trong u t

NTTS Vit Nam" ca Ngn Hng th gii. B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nngthn trn trng cm n cc kin ng gp qu bu k trn.

Bn hng dn ny bao gm 2 phn chnh:

Phn I: Nhng vn chung

Phn II: Hng dn xy dng Bn bo co TM cho cc d n NTTS.


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Mc lcMc lc ......................................................................................................................iii

CC CHVIT TT ..............................................................................................................0PHN I .......................................................................................................................................1NHNG VN CHUNG......................................................................................................1

1. Mu.................................................................................................................... 1nh gi tc ng mi trng v chu trnh ca dn NTTS................................. 22. Mc ch................................................................................................................. 33. Phm vi v i tng p dng bn Hng dn ................................................. 3

PHN II......................................................................................................................................4XY DNG BO CO TM CHO NTTS NC NGT ..................................................4MU.....................................................................................................................................5U

1. Xut xca dn nui trng thu sn nc ngt ............................................ 52. Cn cphp l v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng53. T chc thc hin TM........................................................................................ 64. Thm nh, b sung v thc hin bo co TM ................................................ 6

Chng 1. ...................................................................................................................................6M T TM TT DN NTTS NC NGT.................................................................6

1.1 Tn dn........................................................................................................... 71.2 Ch dn .......................................................................................................... 71.3 V tra l ca dn....................................................................................... 71.4 Ni dung ch yu ca dn............................................................................. 7

Chng 2 ....................................................................................................................................9IU KIN TNHIN, MI TRUNG V KINH T - X HI ...................................9

2.1. iu kin tnhin v mi trng..................................................................... 92.2. iu kin kinh t - x hi ................................................................................. 10

Chng 3 ..................................................................................................................................11NH GI CC TC NG MI TRUNG...................................................................11

3.1. Ngun gy tc ng .......................................................................................... 113.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng........................................................................ 133.3. nh gi tc ng............................................................................................. 143.4. nh gi v phng php sdng ................................................................. 18

Chng 4 ..................................................................................................................................19BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, ..................................................................19PHNG NGA V NG PH SC MI TRUNG ...................................................19

4.1. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu khi la chn v tr................................. 204.1.2. Cc h thng nui lng b __________________________________________20

4.2. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu khi thit k v xy dng ...................... 21iii


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4.2.1. Tri ging v vng nui tp trung ____________________________________214.2.2.Cc h thng nui lng b___________________________________________21

4.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong qun l vn hnh ....................... 224.3.1. La chn con ging v loi nui ph hp ______________________________224.3.2. Qun l thc n v cht lng thc n ________________________________224.3.3. Qun l dch bnh ________________________________________________23

4.4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu n cht lng nc v kim sot ncthi ............................................................................................................................ 24

4.4.1. Cc h thng nui trng thu sn tp trung_____________________________24 4.4.2. Cc h thng nui lng b __________________________________________25

4.5. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu n kinh t v x hi ........................... 26Chng 5 ..................................................................................................................................26CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG.....................................26Chng 6 ..................................................................................................................................27CC CNG TRNH XL MI TRNG, CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM

ST MI TRNG ...............................................................................................................276.1. Danh mc cc cng trnh xl mi trng ................................................... 276.2. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng.............................................. 28

6.2.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng (CTQLMT)___________________________286.2.2 .Chng trnh gim st mi trng ___________________________________29

Chng 7 ..................................................................................................................................32DTON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG..................................32Chng 8 ..................................................................................................................................33THAM VN KIN CNG NG....................................................................................33

kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x ...................................................................... 33 kin ca y ban Mt trn T quc cp x........................................................ 33

Chng 9 ..................................................................................................................................34CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, DLIU V PHNG PHP NH GI...................................................................................................................................................34

9.1.Ngun cung cp s liu, dliu........................................................................ 349.2. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM................................................ 359.3. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi ............................. 35

KT LUN V KIN NGH.................................................................................................35

1. Kt lun ................................................................................................................ 352. Kin ngh .............................................................................................................. 36

PH LC .................................................................................................................................37Ph lc 1: Tm tt cc tc ng, i tng tc ng, phm vi v bin php gim thiu,phng php nh gi ............................................................................................................37Ph lc 2. Nhng ti liu c th tham kho khi lp bo co TM cho nui trng thu snnc ngt ..................................................................................................................................42DANH SCH NHNG NGI THC HIN ....................................................................48DANH SCH CC CQUAN, N V THAM GIA GP CHNH CHO BNHNG DN ..........................................................................................................................49


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CC CHVIT TT

BMP Thc hnh sn xut ttB TN&MT B Ti Nguyn v Mi trngBOD Nhu cu oxy sinh ha

BVMT Bo v mi trngCL &VSATTP Cht lng v v sinh an ton thc phmCOD Nhu cu oxy ho hcDO Hm lng oxy ha tan trong ncTM nh gi tc ng mi trngISO 14000 Tiu chun v mi trng

NTTS Nui trng thu snONMT nhim mi trngT- N Tng Nit

TCVN Tiu chun Vit NamT-P Tng Pht phoTSS Tng lng cht rn llngXLNT X l nc thiMC Hng dn nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc


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PHN INHNG VN CHUNG

1. Mu

Nc ta c din tch NTTS nc ngt rt ln vi 465,000 ha (nm 2006) cngnhiu loi hnh thy vc, loi hnh nui, loi nui a dng v phong ph. Nhngloi hnh thy vc c a vo nui nh h cha, ao m, sng sui, knhmng, rung la...c th nui cc mc thm canh khc nhau. Ngoi nhngloi nui truyn thng nh nhm c chp Trung quc, nhm c chp n , r

phi...nhiu loi c sn nh ba ba, ln, ch, c Su, c Tm, c Hi...cng angc nui nhiu ni. c bit, ngh nui c Tra, Ba sa ng bng sng CuLong pht trin mnh v c tht 1,000,000 tn (nm 2007). Nhng thnh tuny l kt qu ca nhng nh hng ng n ca chnh ph, s nhanh nhy v thtrng ca ngi nui v doanh nghip, s tc ng ca khoa hc k thut...

NTTS nc ngt mang li ngun thu nhp quan trng v gp phn xo igim ngho cc cng ng nng thn, gp phn tng ngun thu ngoi t chonc nh. nng cao tnh bn vng ca ngh NTTS nc ngt, cng tc qun lmi trng cn c tng cng.

iu xut pht t nhng l do v thc t sau:

NTTS nc ngt cng vi nhng tc ng tch cc c nhng tc ng tiucc ln mi trng v KTXH, n sinh k v i sng ca ngi dn;

Vn mi trng ngy cng c mi quan h cht ch vi hot ng thngmi cc sn phm thu sn. Chin lc pht trin an ton thc phm cho ngi tiudng trong nc v kh nng cnh tranh ca hng thu sn xut khu Vit Namcng nh nhng li ch trong tng lai s ph thuc vo cc gii php qun l mitrng NTTS. c bit, khi Vit Nam l thnh vin chnh thc ca WTO th

phi tun th nhng chun mc v thng mi v mi trng ca th gii tronglnh vc ny;

Nhu cu v cc sn phm an ton, sn phm sinh thi ngy cng ln v NTTSnc ngt ch c thp ng c nhng nhu cu khi mi trng nui, h sinhthi xung quanh vng nui c gim st v qun l cht ch.

Hiu qu kinh tu t vo cc hot ng NTTS nc ngt ph thuc rt lnvo vic duy tr nhng iu kin mi trng ph hp, p dng cc bin php qunl mi trng nui tt, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ca mi trng v phttrin NTTS hi ho vi mi trng sinh thi v iu kin KTXH a phng.

NTTS nc ngt thiu quy hoch v khng theo quy hoch gy ra nhngthit hi ng k v kinh t v mi trng nhiu ni. Nui c Tra, Ba Sa thmcanh cao v vic bm cht thi trc tip ra sng lm cho nc sng b nhim.Do hp dn bi li ch kinh t, gi t nui c tng cao, t ven sng v c lao mt s ni c san lp, xy dng ao a khng theo quy hoch dn n ngn trdng chy v tranh chp v li ch. Mt s ni nui c ao trong cc lng h thyin nhH Tr An, nui c lng h Du Ting gy nhim nghim trng

1


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n ngun nc. Nui c nhiu ni cng bnh hng ln, c cht hng lot donc thi, do nhim thuc tr su, phn bn, nhim cc khu cngnghi p...NTTS nc ngt vi vic lm dng cc cht tng trng, khng sinh,thuc v ha cht phng tr bnh v x l mi trng lm gim uy tn ca hngthy sn ca Vit Nam cng nh gy thit hi cho nn kinh t. iu ny t ra tnhcp thit ca vic tng cng cng tc qun l mi trng trong NTTS nc ngttrn ton quc.

nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) l mt cng cc s dng nhm cithin cng tc qun l mi trng i vi cc d n pht trin NTTS nc ngt.Cng c ny cho php nh gi c nhng tc ng mi trng tim n, nhmxc nh cc hnh ng qun l gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc i vi mitrng v ngn nga c hiu qu tc ng xu pht sinh nhm em li li ch nhiuhn cho NTTS nc ngt, mang li li ch bn vng hn cho ngi nui, cngng v nh nc.

Qun l mi trng NTTS l mt hot ng c tnh lin ngnh v bi vy crt nhiu bn lin quan vi vai tr v trch nhim khc nhau cn tham gia trong qutrnh lp, thm nh v thc hin TM.

nh gi tc ng mi trng v chu trnh ca dn NTTS

Chu trnh ca dn nui trng thu sn

Hnh 1 m phng chu trnh ca d n NTTS nc ngt gm su bc lin quan nba giai on TM. Chu trnh d n nui trng thu sn gm cc bc sau:

1. xut d n nui trng thu sn2. La chn a im3. Nghin cu tin kh thi4. Nghin cu kh thi5. Thc hin/vn hnh d n6. Gim st v nh gi thc hin d n

Trong khi thc hin d n, bn bc u tin thng c thc hin mt cchtun t th hai bc cui cng thng c thc hin song song. Tc ng mi

trng ch yu xy ra bc th bn v th nm. Tuy nhin, nhng tc ng xy ra quy m v cng nh th no cng nh cc bin php gim thiu cctc ng tiu cc ph thuc rt nhiu vo s cn nhc, tnh ton v chun b cc

phng n, cc bin php t cc bc trc .


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3

GSTH Bo coTM Gim st thc hin bo coTM

n phi thccn phi thc hin TM,

u:

c nhng thng tin cn thit xy dng bo co TM cho cc

ng cho NTTS.

g dn

Hng dn ny cung cp nhng ni dung hng dn k thut nh gi tcngt c quy m din tch trn

Hnh 1: nh gi tc ng mi trng v chu trnh ca d n NTTS.

2. La chna im

5. Thc hindn, vnhnh dn

NTTS

6. Gim stv nh githc hin dn

3. Nghincu tin kh

thi

4. Nghin cukh thi, quyhoch chi tit

1. xut dn NTTS

Hai bc u tin cn c nh gi sb xc nh liu d n chin TM mc no theo quy nh hin hnh. Nu

bo co TM c thc hin ch yu hai bc nghin cu tin kh thi v nghincu kh thi. Khi thc hin v gim st thc hin d n cc bc nm v su cnphi c gim st thc hin bo co TM lp trc y.

2. Mc ch

Hng dn c xy dng vi hai mc ch ch yu sa

Cung cpd n thuc lnh vc NTTS.

H trcho vic thc thi Lut bo v mi trng v Lut thu sn trong cngtc qun l v bo v mi tr3. Phm vi v i tng p dng bn Hn

ng mi trng (TM) cho cc d n NTTS nc10 ha vi nui thm canh v trn 50 ha vi nui qung canh theo quy nh ca

Nghnh s 80/2006/N-CP. Ngoi ra, do c th ca sn xut thy sn, nhngd n sn xut ging, nui c Tra, Ba sa thm canh, nui c lng b trn sng v hcha tuy c th khng chim din tch ln nhng tim n nhng tc ng mitrng ln cng phi c xem xt cho tng trng hp c th p dng hngdn ny.


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mi trng khi xy dng mt d n nui trng thu sn v xut nhng

TTS nc ngt.

PHN IIXY DNG BO CO TM CHO NTTS NC NGT

nh gi Mi trng Chin lc (MC) khng thuc phm vi ca hng dnny.

Bn hng dn c thc dng nh mt ti liu k thut nh gi cc tcng

bin php gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng.

Hng dn l mt biu hin c th ca vic thc thi Lut Bo v Mi trngv Lut Thu sn trong qun l mi trng i vi hot ng N


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Phn ny nu ra nhng yu c v ni dung ca mt bo co TMtheo nh s

kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t x hi

mi trng

ng ph s c mi trng

mi trng

nh gi

MU. Xut xca dn nui trng thu sn nc ngt

-Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh n NTTS nc ngt, trong nup hay d n loi

chc, cquan l ch ca d n

m quyn ph duyt d n nui trng thy sn nc

2.t k cc vn bn php l v vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin

005/N-CP nm 2005 ca B Thy sn

m 2005, Chng 3, Mc 2, tiu 18 n iu

trng (TM) v Mc

u v cu trcLut Bo v Mi trng c quy nh ch r trong Ngh

80/2006/N-CP v thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT v nhng quy nh ca LutThy sn.

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c cc ni dung sau y:

Mu1. M t tm tt d n2. iu3. nh gi cc tc ng4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v5. Cam kt thc hin bin php bo v6. Cc cng trnh x l mi trng, chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng7. D ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh mi trng8. Tham vn kin cng ng9. Ch dn ngun cung cp s liu, d liu v phng phpKt lun v kin ngh

1

ra i ca dr l loi d n mi, d n b sung, d n mrng, d n nng ckhc.

-Nu r mc tiu d n-T-C quan, t chc c th

ngt.

Cn cphp l v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trngLi

nh gi tc ng mi trng v lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca dn, trong nu y , chnh xc: m s, tn, ngy ban hnh, cquan ban hnhca tng vn bn.

- Lut Thu Sn nm 2003-Nghnh 27/2- Lut Bo v Mi trng n

27, to csphp l vng chc cho nh gi tc ng mi1, tiu 14 n iu 17 qui nh vnh gi mi trng chin lc (MC).


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mi trng.

mi trng v

nh Quy ch t chc v hot ng ca Hi ng thmh

mng li quan trc ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia n

tt v t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n,hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo TM. Trng

p

co TM phi tun2006/N-CP. Hng dn chi

Chng 1.M T TM TT DN NTTS NC NGT

- Cc vn bn di lut hng dn c th trin khai Lut bo v mi trng,c th cho cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng l:

Nghnh s 80/2006/N-CP nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chitit v hng dn thi hnh mt siu ca Lut Bo v

Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trnghng dn vnh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ngcam kt bo v mi trng.

Quyt nh s 13/2006/Q-BTNMT nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti nguynv Mi trng v vic ban hn bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc, Hi ng thm nh bo co nh gitc ng mi trng.

- Quyt nh s 16/2007/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt"Quy hoch tng th

nm 2020".3. T chc thc hin TM

Nu tmtrong ch r vic c thuh c thu dch v t vn, nu r tn cquan, t chc cung cp dch v; h v tnngi ng u cquan, t chc cung cp dch v; a ch lin h ca cquan, tchc cung cp dch v. C quan, t chc thc hin bo co TM l c quan, tchc phi c chc nng v thm quyn thc hin TM c nu r ti iu 8, nghnh s 80/2006/N-CP. Nu danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia l p boco nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n NTTS nc ngt.

4. Thm nh, b sung v thc hin bo co TM

Vic thm nh, b sung v thc hin cc ni dung ca botheo cc iu 9 v iu 11 -16 ca nghnh s 80/tit thc hin nghnh ny c nu trong thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT.


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1.1 Tn dna d n.

h

d n; h tn v chc danh ca ngi ng u cquan ch d n.

n vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng ng giao

n hn v di hn (nu c).

tha ng v c cc phng din li ch x hiv

c hin dn, km t

t.

tr, phc v cho hot ng ca cngtrnh chnh:

c sinh hot;

y xanh phng h mi trng;;, nh chun b sn

Nu nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t c

1.2 Ch dnNu y : tn ca cquan, t chc ch d n, a ch v phng tin lin

vi cquan ch1.3 V tra l ca dnM t r rng v tr a l (gm c ta , ranh gii...) ca a im thc hin

d n trong mi tng quathng; h thng sng sui, ao h v cc vc nc khc; h thng i ni...), cc itng v kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut - kinhdoanh - dch v, cc cng trnh vn ha - tn gio, cc di tch lch s...) v cc itng khc xung quanh khu vc d n, km theo bn , s v tr a l th hincc i tng ny, c ch gii r rng.

V tr ca d n phi c khng nh l c nm trong vng quy hoch phttrin NTTS c cp c thm quyn ph duyt hay khng theo iu 23, im b; vkhon 1, iu 24 ca Lut Thy sn v cm ln chim, xm hi khu bo tn vngnc ni a theo khon 3 iu 8 ca lut ny.

1.4 Ni dung ch yu ca dn-Nu r mc tiu ca d n, c mc tiu ng

Phi trnh by mt cch r rng vkinh t,cng nh s bn vng v mi trng.

-Lit k y , m t chi tit v khi lng v quy m (khng gian v thigian) ca tt c cc hng mc cng trnh cn trin khai trong qu trnh th

heo mt s quy hoch mt bng tng th b tr tt c cc hng mccng trnh hoc v cc thit k ring l cho tng hng mc cng trnh. Cc cngtrnh c phn thnh 2 loi sau:

+ Cc cng trnh chnh: cng trnh phc v mc ch sn xut, kinh doanh,dch v ca d n bao gm nhng khng ch gii hn cc hng mc sau:

o Csh tng k thut phc v h thng nui: Cng, knh mng cpv trm bm nc;Ao lng; b cha; ao m, b nui v b cha;o

o H thng thot nc v ao lng;Kho bo qun v quo n l thc n, nhin liu v ho ch

+ Cc cng trnh ph tr, cng trnh h

o ng giao thng dn n tri nui;o H thng lin lc bng in thoi;

Ho thng cung cp in, cung cp n

H thng hng ro bo v, h thng coo H thng x l cht thi trong v sau chu trnh nuio Phng hp, vn phng, cng trnh phc v dn sinh


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ngh c cng trnh ca d n1 km theo sm i ch r cc yu t mi trng c kh

n

i trng t nhin; v kim sot ch hi i vi vt nui;

ngun thc n;

in sn phm;

chun ATVSTP c p dng;

p, bao gm c s bin ng

ng nga nc r r v nhim nc ngm.

php v trang thit b x l

ng nt chnh v gii php xut v v tr x thi

thi rn

v+

b ti cc im cp v thot nc;thc n;

xut;o Cc cng trnh khc (nu c).

-M t chi tit, c th v cng ngh, k thut thi cng; cng ngh sn xut; cngnh ca vn h d n; ca tng hng m

inh ha. Trn cc s minh ha ny ph

ng pht sinh nh: ngun cht thi v cc yu t gy tc ng khc (nu c).+ M t qui trnh/cng ngh nui trng thu sn, bao gm:o Cc giai on nui ln;o Cc phng php chm sc vt nui;o Cc bin php phng nga thy sn nui thot ra mo Cc phng php qun lo Qun l thc n bao gm chng loi vo S dng ha cht hoc ch phm sinh hc;o Trnh t kim sot dch bnh;o

Trnh t cc bc thu hoch vt nui.+ Sau thu hocho Trang thit b x l v ch bo S lng v loi sn phm thu hoch;o Cc tiu

+ Cc yu cu v nc v thc hnh qun lo D tnh nhu cu v nc;o Ngun nc c p v cht lng nc c

theo ma;o D tr nc ti ch;o Cc bin php phng chng bo, ngp lt;o Qun l ph

+ Qun l nc thio Trnh by nhng nt chnh v cc phng

nc;o Trnh by nh

nc thi ra mi trng.+ Qun l cht

o M t cc trang thit b lu gi, ti s dng, ti ch hay loi b chtthi rn.

- Lit k y cc loi my mc, thit b cn c ca d n km theo ch dnnc sn xut, nm sn xut, hin trng (cn bao nhiu phn trm hay mi).

Cc trang thit bo Trang thit b cho ao v lng nui;o Trang thit b nui v thu sn b m v cho ;o Trang thito Trang thit b ch bin v bo qun

1 V mt cng ngh B Thu sn c mt s quy trnh v tiu chun ngnh dnh cho NTTSnc ngt.


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9

p;

- o cho tng mc ch sd c (nu c).

Chng 2IU KIN TNHIN, MI TRUNG V KINH T - X HI.1. iu kin tnhin v mi trng

o Trang thit b qun l cht thi;o Trang thit b hnh chnh, bo dng v hi h

Lit kng c th km theo ch dn v tn thng h

y cc loi nguyn, nhin, vt liu u viu v cng thc ha h

t+ Li k nhin liu dng cho NTTS nc ngt nh du chy my qut

nc, nguyn liu ch bin thc n nh bt c, kh tng, ph phm nngnghip v cc loi vt liu xy dng tri nui.

2


16/24

10

- iu kin va l, a cht+ ng bi

i cc yu ta l, cnh quan nh nui thy sn

lm cn trhay thay i dng chy; nh hng n vic thot l, chng l,

qu trnh b tc ng bi

m kho, s dng.

i trng khng kh:

h ca thc n ti sng,i nc thi t tri nui (lu

n ng theo hng gi cho).

nui c Hi sui ug Cu Long. Bn cnh

c trang tri nui khc,

p ao m, tri nui; lm nng cc h cha v h t

o c, ly mu phi c m s, c ch dn t u, bng r rng v chiu, so snh mi

Ch cp v m t nhng i tng, hin tng, qu trnh b tc d n.

+ i vi d n c lm thay trn cc h cha a chc nng gm c du lch; khu NTTS gn cc khu vn quc

gia, khu bo tn, vng t ngp nc RAMSAR; nui c lng b trn sng v pao mchng ng lt ca khu vc...phi m t mt cch chi tit.

+ Phi ch dn ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.

- iu kin v kh tng - thu vn:+ Ch cp v m t nhng i tng, hin tng,

d n;

+ Ch dn ngun ti liu, d liu tha

- Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin:+ M

Mi trng khng kh tip nhn trc tip mi hi, tanm n thi ca thy sn nui b cht, mi hi cah n nhng vng bnh h

+ Ngun nc tip nhn trc tip nc thi ca d n:

Ngun nc tip nhn trc tip nc thi ca d n: Ch ti nhng ni nc

thi nh hng ti ngun nc sinh hot ca cng ng nhngun, nui c tra v ba sa mt s ni ca ng bng sn, ch ti kh nng nh hng xu ca nc thi ln ccc h nui khc trong vng.

+ Mi trng t v mi trng sinh vt chu nh hng trc tip bi cht thiv cc yu t khc ca d n:

Xi lt do vic o nhin; thuc khng sinh, ha cht c th lm tng sc khng ca cc vi khun

gy bnh v lm gim a dng sinh hc.i vi mi trng khng kh, nc v t i hi nh sau:

+ Ch dn r rng cc s liu o c, phn tch ti thi im tin hnh TM vcht lng mi trng (lu : cc im v hi gian, a im, ng thi, phi c th hin bng cc bi c minh ha bng s b tr cc im). y l csitrng trc v sau khi c tc ng ca vic thi cng v vn hnh d n NTTS.

+ Nhn xt v tnh nhy cm v nh gi sb v sc chu ti ca mi trng.

2.2. iu kin kinh t - x hi- iu kin v kinh t:


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11

ch, thng mi, dch v, sinh k ca ngi dn v n v vng k cn b tc ng bi d n. Nhng

tip hoc gin tip v c tnh tch cc hoc tiu cc khi

dn ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.

hi, tn gio, tn ngng, diquan khc trong vng d

u, d liu tham kho, s dng.

Chng 3

NH GI CC TC NG MI TRUNG.1. Ngun gy tc ng3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi

+ Ch cp n nhng hot ng kinh t (cng nghi p, nng nghi p, giaothng vn ti, khai khong, du lcc ngnh khc) trong khu vc dtc ng ny c th l trcd n c thc hin.

+ c bit, do NTTS nc ngt c nh hng ln n sinh k ca ngi dnnn cn c s tham kho ngi dn a phng v vn ny xc nh phngn la chn hi ha gia hiu qu kinh t, an sinh x hi v bn vng v mitrng.

+ i vi d n c cho l c nh hng nhiu n s ng ngi nghotrong vng d n, phi c phn tch sinh k chi tit ch ra nhng tc ng timn ca pht trin NTTS n cng ng ngho ny.

+ Ch

-

iu kin v x hi:+ Ch cp n nhng cng trnh vn ha, x

tch lch s, khu dn c, khu th v cc cng trnh linn v cc vng k cn b tc ng bi d n.

+ Ch dn ngun ti li

3


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12

Trong hot ng NTTS nc i c th di dng cht thi rn,cht thi ln on ca d

i cht thi:

hng

c hm lng cao cc thng s sau y:TSS, BOD5, COD, T-N, T-P v cc ch

h phm x l ao m v phng tr bnh.

qu trnh nui.

lng v c th ha (v khng gian v thi gian) theo tng

ng iu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh can ngnh.

3.1.2.Ngu

n i a dng sinh hc v cc ngun gy

trnh xy dng trang tri, ao m, lng b, h thng nui c th

i l ngi dn a phngc

ra

ngt, cht thg, cht thi kh hay khi bi v ting n tt c cc giai

n khi vn hnh.n t khi thit k xy dng

- Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht sinh cc lo

Ngun cht thi rn

+t do o p; cht thi xy dng; cht thi sinh hot do cng nhn thicng cng trnh khi gii phng mt bng;

+Bn thi; v bao b ng thc n; ha cht; dng c; trang thit b hng trang tri nui cng nh khi vn hnh.trong qu trnh xy d

Ngun cht thi lng

+Nc thi, bn thi trong v sau nui tiu khc nh NO3-, NH4, P-PO3, H2S...

+Thc n d tha b dch ha;+Thuc, ha cht, c

Ngun cht thi kh

+Mi hi tanh trong v sau nuiNgun nhim tingn v bi

+Xe ci li, vn hnh my qut kh, my ht bn trong sut- Tnh ton nh

un. So snh, i chiu vi cc tnh nc hay theo cc tiu chu

n gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi:

- Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi,nh: xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; xi lbsng, bsui, bh; bi lng lngsng, lng sui, lng h; thay i mc nc mt, nc ngm; bin i vi kh hu;suy thoi cc thnh phn mi trng; bitc ng khc.

-C th ha v mc , khng gian v thi gian xy ra. So snh, i chiu vicc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh (nu c).-D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra: Ch cp n

nhng ri ro c th xy ra bi d n trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh.+ Trong qu

lm bin i cnh quan, gy nhim nghim trng mi trng xung quanh...Victp trung mt s lng ln cng nhn thi cng khng ph

th gy ra nhng xung t trn nhiu kha cnh khc nhau vi ngi dn aphng cng cn c tnh n.

+ Trong qu trnh nui, thu hoch v sch: S c c cht hng lot do mitrng nhim v bnh bng pht; s c nhim do nc thi gy nhoa ca to

mi trng xung quanh, sinh vt ngoi lai xm nh p lm gim a dng sinh


19/24

hc...

3.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng

13

ng khi trin khai d n; M t c th, chi tit v quy m khng gian v

vt l ca cc cht dinh dng vo vc nc, trm tch phthu rao i nc, nng sut sinh hc;

xung quanh khu nui trnn ph dng, hm lng COD, BOD

hc

im d n, s lin kt vng sinh cnh v kh nng sinh tn

c , ang c nguy cb tuyt chng,b vt bin i gen c th gy ra c ti a phng v cho cc tri nui trng thy sn

l do vic ph hy mi trng sinh sn hay kim mi ca chim hoc do

c khu bo tn, cc vng nc ni a c quy hoch v cng b).

g n khi xy dng cs h tng;

c khe ca cng ng.

Lit k tt c cc i tng t nhin, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, tn gio, tnngng, di tch lch s v cc i tng khc trong vng d n v cc vng k cn

b tc ng bi cht thi, bi cc yu t khng phi l cht thi, bi cc ri ro v s

c mi trthi gian b tc ng.

-Mi trng ncCht lng nc

+Vc nc tip nhn v ha long dng cht dinh dng t nc thi. Qu trnhphn hu sinh hc v

c vo t l x thi/t

+Cc vc ncv TSS cao;

+Mm bnh trong nc tr nn khng thuc do khng sinh, thuc, ha chtdng trong NTTS;

+Cht lng nc ngm c th bnh hng.a dng sinh

+Mi trng sng t nhin ca nhng loi c nguy c b tuyt chng, khu hng thc vt a

a qun th cc loi, c bit cc loi qu hime da. Du nhp cc loi ngoi lai hay cc sinhri ro cho cc qun thkhc;

+Cc khu vc RAMSAR, cc bi , khu vc sinh c, tuyn di c ca cc loithy sn

+Tc ng ti cc loi chim di c, cc loi chim ang be do v cc loi chimkhc m nhng loi chim s dng cc khu t ngp nc sinh sng. Nhngtc ng

phng tr ch hi gy nn...(c bit lin quan ti cc khu vc theo Cng cRamsar, c

-Mi trng t+ Xi l, cn tr dng chy, lm nng ha h, m, sng sui, bin i nn

y.

-Mi trng khng kh+Bi, mi v tin+Mi hi tanh do nc nhim v cc s c c cht hng lot, to nhoa...-S


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14

y cht nhim s tc nglu

i dn (c nc ngm ln nc mt) c th b

y chim vai tr quan trng.

cho cng ng;

n ng, trang phc, tn ngng tn

ng i vi mt d n c th phi c chi tit ha v c

ng s;

ng kt hp vi phn tch sinh k;g)

nhn dng c cc vn v cc

+Nng cc cht dinh dng v qu trnh phn hn cc qu trnh ca h sinh thi, sc kho con ngi thng qua qu trnh tchsinh hc theo xch thc n v ph dng;

+Ngun nc sinh hot ca ngnhim do s dng ho cht c hi, hm lng dinh dng cao, mm bnh, to c

c trong nc c th gy nn nhng nh hng xu ti cc h sinh thi v sc khecon ngi.

-Giao thng+Cc tuyn ng i li truyn thng c th b cn tr hay c th c cc nh

hng n mt giao thng thy, b, c bit l khu vc ng bng Sng CuLong l ni giao thng th

- Mt s yu t KTXH khc+S pht trin trong tng lai ca khu vc bao gm dn c, ccu v t chc

x hi, xa i gim ngho v ci thin sinh k cho ngi dn;+Sinh hot, gii tr v an ton+Cng bng x hi trong vic n b, thu hi t, chia s li ch v ri ro t s

pht trin trang tri, khu nui...;

+Cc h thng gi tr vn ho phi vt th (nggio v l gio);

+Cc h thng gi tr vn ho vt th (di tch kho c, lch s, vn ha, a chtv cc cnh quan mi trng c tm quan trng v tn gio hay l gio).

3.3. nh gi tc ng

-Vic nh gi tc ng phi c c th ha cho tng ngun gy tc ng vtng i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c thv mc , c th v quy m khng gian v thi gian.

-Vic nh gi tc th ha cho d n .

Bc 1- Nhn dng v sp xp thtu tin cc tc ng mi trng

Nhn dng cc tc ng l bc u tin nh gi nhng vn mi trngthen cht lin quan n d n NTTS, sp xp u tin nhng vn mi trng cho

bc phn tch k tip.

Cc phng php c thc sdng: Phng php ma trn; Phng php danh mc (checklist); Phng php s dng tr S dng phng php chuyn gia; Tham vn kin cng Phng php m hnh ha (Modellin S dng h thng thng tin a l (GIS)


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ng.c nh phm vi

hi cn thit, qu trnh nhn dng tc

vi xut d n. Trong trng hp khng c bo co mi trng sb

gi sb v nhng tc ng mi trng v tm quan trng tng i ca

nh gi v phm vi cc thng tin cn thit nh gi nhng vn v tc

n cht.

n;

ng trc tip v gin tip;

n on, tc ng tm thi (c tho ngc

ng c s dng h tr cho vici trng thu sn. Nn thit

vo nhng vn

mi trng ca cc phng n. Trongc mt cch d

n kin cng ng. Sau khi c cc d

tc ng tim n cng nh vng b tc Nhn dng v sp xp theo thtu tin cc vn - x

tc ng

Nhn dng cc tc ng mi trng trn csphn tch hot ng ca d nNTTS cng vi hin trng mi trng nn. K

ng mi trng phi c thc hin di hnh thc Bo co mi trng sbnp cngth bc u tin l nhn dng tc ng phi c thc hin lp bo co TMchi tit.

Kt qu ca qu trnh nhn dng v sp xp u tin cc tc ng phi tp trungvo:

Danh mc cc tc ng mi trng; nhn; ng mi trng then cht; Gii trnh ti sao cc vn , tc ng mi trng khc khng c cn nhctheSp xp cc vn theo thtu tin cn quan tm xem xt: Mc nghim trng tim Phm vi thi gian v khng gian ca cc nh hng xu; Cc tc Cc tc ng th cp, hoc cc tc ng tch lu; Cc tc ng l lin tc hay gic) hoc tc ng thng xuyn (khng tho ngc c); Danh mc cc vn v ri ro mi tr

phn hng cc ri ro lin quan n qui hoch, d n nulp mt danh mc a chiu kt hp thnh mt ma trn.Phm vi bn bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cn tp trungchnh, cng y th cng c th thc hin c cc bin php gim thiu cho btk mt tc ng tim n no c th xy ra.

Bc 2 - Dbo qui m v cng ca cc tc ng

Bc tip theo nhm d bo qui m v cng ca tc ng, nhng vn mi trng chnh. D bo phi c lng ho cng nhiu cng tt tnh toncc tc ng, c th so snh cc tc ngnhiu trng h p, tc ng mi trng khng th lng hodng, phi s dng cc phng php so snh cc tc ng, v d nh phng

php thang im v trng s.

Cc phng php c thc sdng: M hnh ton (v d lng ho kh thi, nc thi, cht dinh dng v cccht thi v c); M hnh thc nghim; Phng php chuyn gia v tham v


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ca tc ng, c bit trong trng hp thiu cc d liu p cn thn trng.

v mc quan trng

bo v nh gi nh tnh/nh lng cc tc ng, s gip nh gi ng mc vqui m v cnglng ho, khi nn s dng cch ti

Mt s vn mi trng thng gp trong NTTS nc ngt

Vn Tc ng mi trngTnhca cc sinh cnh ti v trc xut xy dng quyhoch/d n nui trng thu

g vmt sinh thi nh khu vc bo tn, khuvc/vng sinh cnh c bo v, vng li/khuv

nhy cm mi trng C s hin din ca sinh cnh quan trn

snc tn nghim, cc im nghin cu khoa hc

hoc quan trc c bo v.Cc khu vc cn bo v Nui trng thu sn gn nhng khu vc cn bo

v nh cc khu t ngp nc theo Cng c

Ramsar hoc cc khu khc cn phi thc hinnh gi tc ng mi trng thn trng.Tnh nhy cm ca nhngvng hin ang sn xut nngnghip

Pht trin NTTS cc vng nng nghip c thgy ra ri ro do s thay i bt li v cht lngnc phc v sn xut la, hoa mu

nh hng n t v trm iutch

Cc tri nui phi c t nhng ni ckin t thch h p, c cc bin php gim xil.

S dng nc v cht lng th dn

n n ri ro mi trng cao v cht lng

nc

Thi nc t cc tri nui thm canh c

n thay i cht lng nc. Nu nc thi ccht lng km c thi ra t nhiu tri nuis dnc ngy cng km do tch lu cc cht dinhdng v hu c.

Ho cht, thuc v cht gy nhim

n sc kho cng nhn v

Vic s dng cc sn phm b cm hoc s dngkhng c trch nhim cc thuc v ho chttrong NTTS s dn n cc tc ng mi trngcng nh tc ng

ngi tiu dng. t cc tri nui gn ni thica cc ngnh cng nghip, cc trung tm thc th gp ri ro cao v nhim v sc kho.

Ri ro do v dch bnh kmtheo cc loi nhp ni

t

S bng n dch bnh l nguyn nhn ph bingy tht bi cho cc tri nui v cn phi ch c bit n ri ro v thc hnh qun l cangi nui, nht l vic nh p khu vt nuicc vng khc hoc nc khc.

Du nhp cc loi ngoi lai c

th tc ng n cc loi bna

Vic du nhp cc loi ngoi lai c th dn n

hng lot cc ri ro cho tri nui v qun xsinh vt xung quanh. Nhng ri ro ny phic nh gi cn thn.


23/24

Cc loi nui trng Nui cc loi c a phng t gp ri rohn cc loi c du nh p hay cc loi ngoilai.

Cng sn xut g ri ro cho cc vn Nui thm canh lm tncht lng nc ca cc vc nc do tnh trngthi vo cc cht dinh dng v cc cht huc.

Din tch sn xut Din tch cc tri cng ln s cng lm tng nhucu vt v vng sinh c.

Cc phng php nui trngc s dng g tc ng mi trng khc nhau.

Cc phng php nui trng khc nhau s cnhn

Mc x l cht thi X l cht thi hu c v cht dinh dng slm gim nhng ri ro i vi cht lng nc.

Cc nh hng tch lu S lng cc tri nh cng nhiu s gp phn

lm tng thm lng cht thi.Giao thng v cc s dngkhc

c cn nhc.

Cc tri nui c thnh hng n giao thngb, giao thng thu hoc ca ngi dn aphng hoc ngi s dng ti nguyn khcnh du lch, thy li... cng phi

Ting n v cht lng khngkh

Cn nhc nhng nhim mi trng i vivng ln cn.

Mu thun x hi

trong vic pht trin v s dng cc ngun liquan ti cc nhu cu ca ngi

Thiu s tham gia ca ngi dn a phng

shu chung nui trng thy sn m ngunli c lindn a phng.

Tai bin t nhin Nhng s c thi tit khc nghit nh bo, hoccc tai bin t nhin khc cng c th l ri roi vi ngnh nui trng thu sn.

Mc nhyti khu vc trin khai d

cm ca mi g n nu

ly t cc hot ng n l cn

cc m nui v k;

nng tch lu cc cht dinh dng, mn b hu cv ho cht.

trng v cc kh khn trong qun l mi trni trng thu sn, c bit qun l cc tc ng tch

c lu .Mt s cc yu t khc cn c xc nh khi phn tch tc ng ca nui

trng thu sn ln cht lng v ti nguyn nc nh sau:

Cn xc nh r tc dng chy v kh nng b xi lca cc cng cp vthot;

Kh nng tng bi lng trong cc vc nc do xi lt Thay i v ch thu vn ca mi trng tip nhn; Kh

Cn nh gi cc tc ng n cc khu vc c cng nhn v cc gi tra

17


24/24

h s. V d v cc khuc n thin

hng iu cn cha chc chn trong nh gi v l gii

i d bo tc ng mi trng.

ng tip nhn ca mi trng xy dng

c mi tng quan gia

ng ngy c th thi vo

uan, bo v h sinh thi nc...) v nh gi tng hnh thc d

dng sinh hc, sinh cnh, thm m, khoa hc, vn ho v lcv c bo vVit Nam hin nay bao gm: Vn Quc gia, khu bo tnhin, khu t ngp nc theo Cng c Ramsar, khu d tr sinh quyn.

Cc d n hoc k hoch nui trng thu sn trong hoc lin k cc vngmi trng nhy cm ny cn phi c bit ch n cc yu cu ca cc ban qun

l cc khu vc bo v ny.3.4. nh gi v phng php sdng

nh gi v tin cy ca cc phng php TM p dng, mc tin cy cami nh gi thc hin; nti sao, c xut g.

+ C nhiu phng php ang c s dng trong nh gi tc ng mitrng, tnh phc tp ca mi phng php s dng cng thay i theo d n tngd n NTTS. Cc phng php, k thut nh gi khc nhau c s dng trong

cc bc khc nhau khCc tc ng c thc lng ho thng qua cc kho st hin trng, kt

hp vi bn cc vng nhy cm xc nh cc sinh cnh nhy cm. Tham vn kin ngi dn a phng rt quan trng nhm xc nh cc sinh cnh cng nhvic s dng cc ngun ti nguyn ny.

Cc tiu chun cht lng nc (tiu chun mi trng - TCVN) l mt thamchiu cho nh gi cht lng nc. Tuy nhin, ch da vo mt s tiu ch nh gi, so snh l cha m phi xc nh c mi tng quan cht ch gialng cht dinh dng a vo v kh n

cho nui trng thy sn cc chin lc qun l thch hp.Snh gi so snh vi s liu nn ch mang mc ch hng dn, khng th

l nh gi cui cng cho cc tc ng c th xy ra.

Cc nh gi tc ng v cht lng nc phi nu khi lng x thi vi khi lng hay nng nn cht dinh dng/trm tch quan st c trong cc h thng nc bnh hng. T, qu trnh nh gi

phi c gng nu ra khi lng cht dinh dng ti a hmi mt con sng, mng dn n mt khu vc cha, m pht trin nui trng

thy sn ch l mt trong nhiu hnh thc s dng t ang cng x nc thi ravng cha nc .

M hnh ho cc c im dng chy lin quan n s dng t trong lu vccn phi thc hin i vi cc d n nui thu sn c qui m ln. Cn t ra ccmc tiu v cht lng nc cho mi con sng, mng dn nc (v sc khe conngi, gia sc, cnh qs ng t xc nh tng lng c th ti c trong tng h thng sng (baogm c cc tng nc ngm).

iu tra kho st hin trng KTXH lm csnh gi nh hng ca d n ln

s pht trin KTXH ca khu vc.

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