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7/22/2019 78728747 77328883 ALC SDH Basics and Alcatel SDH System Training Presentation 46 Slide
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SDH Presentation
-SDH Basics
-Alcatel SDH Systems
-Alcatel 1662SMC Introduction
-SDH Link No.17
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SDH Basics
What are SDH & PDH ?
Advantages of SDH over PDH.
SDH Data rates.
SDH Multiplexing Structure.
SDH Basic Frame Structure.
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SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
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SDH Basics What are SDH & PDH ?
SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hiararchy.In SDH each and every signal is synchronized exactly to the
single (container) defined for that particular signal ( like C11,C12,etc).The techniques like bit stuffing and
bit justification are adopted in SDH to achieve the synchronization.
The signal used for SDH transmission is known as Synchronous Transport Module (STM).
The various STM rates are illustrated below
STM-1 (155.52 Mbps)
STM-4 (622.08 Mbps)
STM-16 (2488.32 Mbps)STM-64 (9953.28 Mbps)
STM-256 (39813.12 Mbps)
SDH
MUX
SDH
MUX
SDH
MUX
SDH
MUX
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1 STM- 4
STM- 4
STM- 4
STM- 4
STM- 16
STM- 16
STM- 16
STM- 16
STM- 64
STM- 64
STM- 64
STM- 64
STM- 256
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PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL
HIERARCHY
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Plesio means = similar
Chronous means= Timing
Plesiochronous almostsynchronous,
becausethe digitalsignalsbeingmultiplexed togetherare not
at quitethesame frequency
PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)
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SDH Basics What are SDH & PDH ? (continues)
PDH stands for Pleisynchronuous Digital Hiararchy.The PDH contains the signals having similar data
rate signals (like E1,E 2,E3,T1,T2,etc.) but with slight timing differences as shown below.
E1 2.048 Mbps [32 x 64 kbps (DS0)]
E2 8.448 Mbps [4 x E1]
E3 34.368 Mbps [4 x E2]
E4 139.264 Mbps [4 x E3]
PDH
MUX
PDH
MUX
PDH
MUX
E1(2.047990 Mbps)
E1(2.048001 Mbps)
E1(2.047992 Mbps)
E1(2.048000 Mps)
E2(8.447997 Mbps)
E3(34.367998Mbps)
E3(34.367990Mbps)
E3(34.368000Mbps)
E3(34.367989Mbps)
E2(8.447991 Mbps)
E2(8.448000 Mbps)
E2(8.447989 Mbps) E4(139.264000Mbps)
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SDH Basics Advantages of SDH over PDH
High Transmission Rates:
The highest data rate that can be achieved with PDH technologies is 140 mbps, whereas the transmissionrates up to 10Gbps (STM-64) can be achieved with SDH technology.
Easy Add & Drop Functionality:
Compared to the older PDH system, low bit rate channels can be easily extracted from and inserted into thehigh-speed bit streams in SDH. It is now no longer necessary to apply the complex and costly procedure ofdemultiplexing then remultiplexing the plesiosynchronous structure.
High Availability and Capacity matching:With SDH, network providers can react quickly and easily to the requirements of their customers. Forexample, leased lines can be switched in a matter of minutes. The network provider can use standardizednetwork elements (NE) that can be controlled and monitored from a central location via atelecommunications management network (TMN) system.
Reliability:Modern SDH networks include various automatic back-up circuit and repair mechanisms (like Automatic ProtectionSwitching (APS) and Equipment Protection Switching (EPS) which are designed to cope with system faults and aremonitored by management. As a result, failure of a link or an NE does not lead to failure of the entire network.
Integrated Services:
SDH is the ideal platform for a wide range of services including POTS, ISDN,mobile radio, and datacommunications (LAN, WAN, etc.). It is also able to handle more recent services such as video on demandand digital video broadcasting via ATM.
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Changing from one hierarchical level to another
requires additional equipment.
For Add/drop of individual channels from the higher
order stream we have to disassemble / reassemble it
Redirection (cross-connection) of channels must bedone by hand on DDFs.
Administrative connections require separate
equipment to support Supervision, EOW and
protection switching.
Compatibility of transmission and administrative
signals between different vendor may give trouble.
Disadvantages of PDH
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SDH Basics
SDH Data rates:
STM-0 (51.84 Mbps)
STM-1 (155.52 Mbps)
STM-4 (622.08 Mbps)
STM-16 (2488.32 Mbps)
STM-64 (9953.28 Mbps)
STM-256 (39813.12 Mbps)
Note: The STM-0 is not widely used in the telecom network except for some Microwave
Links.
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SDH Basics
SDH Multiplexing Structure:
C11VC11TU-11
C12VC12TU-12
C2VC2TU-2TUG-2
C3VC3AU-3STM-0
TU-3 VC3
C4
TUG-3
VC4AU-4AUGSTM-N
T-1(1.544Mbps)
Or
ATM(1.6Mbps)
E-1(2.048Mbps)
OrATM(2.144Mbps)
T-2(6.312Mbps)
Or
ATM(6.874Mbps)
T-3(44.736Mbps)
Or
E-3(34.368Mbps)
Or
ATM(48.384Mbps)
E-4(139.264Mbps)
Or
ATM(149.760Mbps)
x1xN
x4
x3
x1
x7
x3
Containers
Virtual Containers (Containers + POH)
Tributary Units/Administrative Units(Virtual Containers + Pointers)
Tributary Unit Groups/Administrative Unit Groups(Multiplexed structures of lower signals)
Alignment
Multiplexing
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SDH Multiplexing Structure:
KLM DETAILS
K-TUG 3
L-TUG 2
M-TU 12
FirstKLM combinationis 1 1 1
LastKLM combinationis 3 7 3
E1 = 32 bytes/frame
C12 = 34 bytes/frame (E1 +2 stuffed bytes)
VC12 = 35 bytes/frame (C12 + 1 POH byte )
TU12 = 36 bytes/frame (VC12 +1 pointer byte) M
So, one TU12 occupies 4 columns(36 bytes) in an STM1 frame
TUG-2 = 3 X TU12 = 12 columns /frame L
TUG-3 = 7 X TUG-2 = 86 columns /frame K
(7 X 12 + 2 stuffed columns are added)
VC4 = 3 X TUG-3 = 261 columns /frame
(3 X TUG-3 + 2 stuffed columns + 1 POH)
STM1 = VC4 + SOH = 261+ 9 = 270 columns /frame.
Mappingof 63 E1sinto STM1
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1.ContainerCn, where C=Container,n=Indexofthecontainer(n=11,12,2,3,4)
Therateofthecontainerdependsonthesignal whichistransported.
2.VirtualcontainerVCn,Itismadeupof Cnand Poh
Vcn=Cn+Poh,wherePohispathoverhead
Pathoverhead containPayload content
3.Tributaryunit TUn=VCn+PTR n=11,12,2,3 loweroderVCn
WherePointerisanaddittionalrateused tolocateits Vcn withinthe TU
4.Tributaryunit Group TUG-k=m*TU-n, where k=2,3 n=11,12,2,3
TUG ,the Tug-2/Tug-3 ca
nconsistofsevera
ltypesofca
pa
citypa
yloa
ds witdifferentsizes.
5.Adminitrative Unit(AU),itismadeupofhigherorderVCn(n=3,4)and apoint
AUn=VCn+PTR n=3,4
AUG=1*AU-4 or3*AU-3
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SDH Basics SDH Basic Frame Structure (STM-1):
Each cell represents a single byte indicating a 64 kbps channel.
RSOH :- Regenerator Section Overhead (27 bytes )
MSOH : Multiplexer Section Overhead (45 bytes)Total Section Overhead (SOH) : RSOH + MSOH
AU-4 Pointer :- 9 bytes
Payload :- 261 x 9 = 2349 bytes
STM -1 Data rate = (270 x 9) bytes
= 2430 bytes
= 2430 x 64 kbps
= 155520 kbps = 155.52 Mbps
RSOH
(3 x 9 Cells)
PAYLOAD (261 x 9 Cells)AU-4 POINTER
MSOH
(4 x 9 Cells)
1
1
9 10
3
4
5
9
270
270 Colomns
9 Rows
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SDH Basics SDH Basic Frame Structure (STM-1) (Continues.):
Section Overhead (SOH )
X Bytes Reserved for national use.
* - Media Dependant Bytes
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 X X
B1 * * E1 * F1
D1 * * D2 * D3
AU-4 Pointer
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2 X X
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SDH Basics SDH Basic Frame Structure (STM-1) (Continues.):
Overhead Bytes Functions
Overhead Byte Functions
A1,A2 Frame Alignment
B1,B2 Quality Monitoring,paritybytes
D1,D2,D3 Qecc Network Management
D4,..,D12 Qecc Network Management
E1,E2 Voice Connections
F1 Maintenance
J0 Trace Identifier
K1,K2 AutomaticProtection Switching (APS) Control
S1 Clock Quality Indicator
M1 Transmission ErrorAcknowledgement
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Alcatel SDH Systems
Alcatel SDH Systems
1662SMC 1642 1660SM
Version 2(R2)Version 1(R1)Version 5(R5)Version 4(R4)
Supports
Upto STM-4
Supports
Upto STM-16Supports
Upto STM-16
Supports
Upto STM-64
Supports
Upto STM-1
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction
Features
Shelf View
Commonly used cards
Technical Specifications
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Features: It complies with the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) defined in ITU-T
Recommendation G.707.
Compatible with existing plesiochronous systems as well as with the installed SDH networks,
The 1662SMC is transmission equipment operating at 155.520 Mbit/s (STM-1) , 622.080Mbit/s (STM-4) and 2488.320 Mbit/s(STM-16).
It can be configured as a Multiple Line Terminal Multiplexers or as a Add/Drop Multiplexersor as a Mini local cross-connect for applications in linear links, network rings and meshednetworks.
Equipment (EPS) and network (MSP) protection mechanism
Matrix capacity
96*96 stm-1 equivalent matrix(HO)64*64 stm-1 equivalent matrix(LO)
Network interfaces: Stm-1/4/16
Customer interfaces: 2Mbps,34/45Mbps,140Mbps,ethernet,gigaethernet
Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction
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PONDICHERRY CUDDALORE CHIDAMBARAM KUMBAKONAM
TANJORE TRICHY
ALCATEL SDH LINK-17 PONDY TOTRICHY: STM 4 LINK
26km 49km 65km
50km 54km
TotalPondy Trichy : 244 KMS
FiberOwner : BTSOL
Fiberallotted forvsnl/Ttsl : F no 39 F no 48
Fiberused forSDH : F no 43&44
Link name & no : SDH LINK No 17
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Shelf View:
- Total Slots : 20
- Access Area 1: Slot 1-5 ( Hosts Access Cards like A63E1, A4S1, Congi ,etc).
- Access Area 2: Slot 16-20 ( Hosts Access Cards like A63E1, A4S1, Sergi ,etc).
- Port(Basic area)Area: Slot 6-15 (Hosts Port Cards like SYNTH, P4S1, P63E1, etc).
ACCESS AREA-1 PORT AREA ACCESSAREA-2
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CARDS USED IN THE ALCATEL SDH LINK-17
1. Congi card : It the used to control the whole SDH system. It consists
of power supply&house keeping unit. the congi card is in slot no1
2. Synth4Card: It is card used to insert the optical signals from the
fms.It consists the Optical module it is named as IL- 4.2,IL-1.2,IS-1.1.- these are calledOptical modules. There are two synth cards its
inserted in slot no 6&15.
3. P4S1N card: P indicates Port ,S1N indicates STM1. card
4. P63E1 card : P indicates port, 63E1 indcates Electical signals.
5. A63E1-120 : its a card corresponding to P63E1 card.A indicates
access area.
6. LSPORT/HSPROT: Its is a Low Speed/High speed protection Card.
It is used to implement EPS protection.(i.e)it implements the
connection between the access and spare card.These cards receive
the signal coming from the access card via back panel.
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7.SERGI CARD: Used as a stand by card for the CONGI CARD
8. IL- It indicates LONG HAL it should in corresponding SYNTH CARD.9. IS- It indicates SHORT HAL .
Note:
1. For All cards corresponding stand by cards are used.
2. Inserting a port card we have to insert a corresponding acess card in
the particular slot.3. Port area : Corresponding Acess area
Slot No-7 : No-2
Slot No-8 : No-3Slot No-9 : No-4
Slot No-10 : No-5
Slot No-11 : No-16Slot No-12 : No-17
Slot No-13 : No-18
Slot No-14 : No-19
4. Congi card in Slot no- 1
5. Sergi card in Slot no-20
6. Synth card in slot no:6,15
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards:
P63E1 processes 63 2Mbits/s signals whose accesses are on the relevant
Access cards A21E1,A63E1 P4ES1N handles four electrical STM-1 Signals.All four accesses are on the
relevant access card(A4ES1).It is one of the board that can be EPS
protected.
P3E3T3 Prt card is a bi-directional interface from/to three PDH streams at
34Mbits/s or at 45Mbits/s Switchable and the STM-4
(1) MulticolorLED:
Red led . localunitalarm
Greenled . inserviceunit
Orangeled . unitinstand-by (EPS schema)
ACRONYM SLOTS
P63E1N 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
P4ES1N 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
P3E3T3 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
P4ES1N handles four electrical STM-1 signals.All the four accesses
are on the Relevant Access card(A4ES1).It can be EPS protected.
P4E4N it describes the same features of P4S1N.
Two STM-1 electrical modules(Electricl or optical )can be hosted on the board.
Two further STM-1 modules can be hosted on the Access card A2S1
LEGEND:
(1) Channel #1 (N.B.)(2) Channel #2 (N.B.)
(3) Bicolor LED:
Red led . local unit alarm
Green led . in service unit
ACRONYM SLOTS
P4ES1N 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
P4E4N 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
1662SM-C houses two congi card(i.e)congi-A and congi-B CONGI-A hold the Equip MAC(media access control) address
LEGEND:
(1) Power
(2) Housekeeping and remote alarm
(3) Rack lamp (not used in slot 20)
(4) QMD Q2 (not used in slot 20)
(5) I/O BNC Q3 10base2 (not used in slot 20)
(6) RJ45 Q3 10baseT (not used in slot 20)
(7) Bicolor LED:
Red led . local unit alarm
Green led . in service unit
ACRONYM SLOTS
CONGI 1, 20
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
Sergicard Providesreduced combinationofcongiand servicecard functions
IthasPowerinterface,Auxillaryinterface,I/po/pclock interface forNE synchronization
LEGEND:
(1)Power
(2) Auxiliarychannels:2 channels G.703
2 channels RS232
2 channels V.11
(3) Auxand Sync. 2Mbit/s
J1 . 2MHz Input (T3)or2Mbit/s Input (T6)
J2 . 2Mbit/s Inputchannel
J3 . 2MHzoutput (T4)or2Mbit/soutput (T5)
J4 . 2Mbit/soutputchannel
(4) Fourwiretelephoneextersionpoint (RJ11)(5) Z1-Z4 EOWzoneselection LEDs (N.B.1)
(6) L1-L2 LEDsstatus forselectiveand multiple
call (N.B.2)
(7) Telephone jack
(8) LineseizureKey
(9) EOWzoneselectionKey
(10) Resetcommand Key
(11)BicolorLED:
Red led . loca
lunita
la
rmGreenled . inserviceunit
ACRONYM SLOTS
SERGI 20
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
SYNTH16 can be EPS 1+1 Protected
Slot no:6 is main card
Slot no:15 is spare card
Synth16 card is equipped with two parts for modules
1*STM-16 signals can be processed by the SYNTH 16 card
Synth 16 card performs several fns like shelf controller,Equip controller,
Performance monitoring collection,remote inventory
Synth 16 cards have a 96*96 stm-1 Matrix capacity.
It is also called as Compact ADM16 Card
LEGEND
(1) Resetcommand key
(2) Channel #1 (N.B.)
(3) Lamptestpushbutton
(4)Personal ComputerConnector(F interface)
(5) Red LED . Urgent Alarm (CriticalorMajor)
(6) Red LED . Not Urgent Alarm (Minor)
(7) Yellow LED . Alarmstoring (Attended)(8) Yellow LED . Abnormalcondition
(9) Yellow LED . Indicative Alarm (Warning)
(10) Green LED . whenonitmeansactiveunit
whenoffitmeansstandbyunit
(11)BicolorLED:
Red led . localunitalarm (INT)
Greenled . inserviceunit
(12) Alarmstoringpushbutton (Attended)
ACRONYM SLOTS
SYNTH16 6,15
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction
Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
A63E1 is the access card for the P63E1
63*2Mbit/s Access card(A63E1)Provides the connections from backpanel
to the external line and vice versa for the 63 PDH signals. Three different type of connectors available:
A63E1/A:75 ohms unbalanced
A63E1/B:120 ohms balanced
A63E1/C:75 Ohms unbalanced with coax(3 slot wide)
LEGEND
(1) Channel #1-7
(2) Channel #8-14
(3) Channel #15-21
(4) Channel #22-28
(5) Channel #29-35
(6) Channel #36-42
(7) Channel #43-49
(8) Channel #50-56(9) Channel #57-63
ACRONYM SLOTS
A63E1B (120Ohm) 2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
A2S1 is the access card for the P4S1N and P4E4N port cards.
A2S1 can host upto 2modules(optical stm-1) in the front panel.
LEGEND
(1) Channel #3 (N.B.)
(2) Channel #4 (N.B.)
(3)BicolorLED:
Red led . localunitalarm
Greenled . inserviceunit
ACRONYM SLOTS
A2S1 2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
A3E3 Provides 3*34Mbit/saccesses fortheP3E3T3
A3T3 Provides 3*45Mbit/saccesses fortheP3E3T3
ForeachP3E3T3 One A3E3,A3T3 isnecessary
LEGEND
(1) Channel #1
(2) Channel #2
(3) Channel #3(4)BicolorLED:
Red led . localunitalarm
Greenled . inserviceunit
ACRONYM SLOTS
A3E3 2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19
A3T3 2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
A4ES1 Provides 4 STM-1 Accesses fortheP4ES1N.
ForeachP4ES1N one A4ES1 is Necessary
LEGENDA
(1) Channel #1
(2) Channel #2
(3) Channel #3
(4) Channel #4
(5)BicolorLED:
Red led . localunitalarm
Greenled . inserviceunit
ACRONYM SLOTS
A4ES1 2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Commonly Used Cards ( continues..):
LEGENDA
(1) Multicolor LED:
Red led . local unit alarm
Orange led . temperature major than 55 C
Green led . in service unit
(2) Battery A connector
(3) Battery B connector
(4) Alarms connector for 1662SMC on the Left side of the Rack
(5) Not used
(6) Alarms connector for 1662SMC on the Right side of the Rack (6)
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PSC frontview
HWF
POWER
+ VBATT (male)
GND (female)
-VBATT (male)
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Technical Specifications:
Safty First-
Theopticalinterfaces whichhave HAZARD LEVEL 3A (see Table A below )carrythe followinghazard symbol
label:
Caution: Invisible LaserRadiationmaybepresentinsidetheopticalinterfacescarryingtheabovelabel,hence
NEVER directlyview intothebeam.Doingsomayresultinthepermanent damagetotheeyesight.
UNIT/PORT OPTICAL INTERFACE HAZARD LEVEL
STM.1 S.1.1 (short haul) 1
STM.1 L.1.1 (long haul) 3A
STM.1 L.1.2 (long haul) 3A
STM.4 S.4.1 (short haul) 1
STM.4 L.4.1 (long haul) 3A
STM.4 L.4.2 (long haul) 3A
STM.16 S.4.1 (short haul) 3A
STM.16 L.4.1 (long haul) 3A
STM.16 L.4.2 (long haul) 3A
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CLASSIFICATION OF ALARMS
SEVERITY ALARMS SYNTHESIS1.Critical Alarms
2.MajorAlarms
3.MinorAlarms
4.Warning Alarms
5.Intermediate Alarms
DOMAIN ALARMS SYNTHESIS1.Synchronization Alarms
2.Externalpoints(House keeping Alarms)
3.Transmission Alarms
4.Equipment Alarms
MANAGEMENT ALARMS SYNTHESIS
1.Supervision2.Alignment
3.Localaccess
4.Operatingsystem
5.Managed by Nm & RM
6.Abnormalcondition
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Power-48V DC, 6A
MCB Ratingused inthe TRU unitis 16A
Themaxcurrentconsumed bythe Equipmentislessthan 4Amps
A/C environment withtemperature,humidityand dustcontrol
Firesafetybycentralised monitoringand automaticoperationofextinguisher
LCT accessthrough Q interface forNMS accessthroughthe LAN card
Tools:Powersource,powermeter, OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)and OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyser)
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Technical Specifications (Continues):
Electrical Interface Characteristics-
Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction
Interface Charaterisitics
P63E1 Bit rate 2048 Kbit/s 50 ppm
No. of channels 63
Line Code HDB3
Signal amplitude 2.37 Vp on 75 Ohm
unbalance/ 3 Vp on 120O
hm balance.P3E3 Bit Rate 34368 Kbit/s 20 ppm
No. of tributaries 3
Line Code HDB3
Signal amplitude 1Vp/75ohms
P3T3 Bit rate 44.736 Kbit/s 20ppm
No. of tributaries 3
Line Code B3ZS
P4S1E Bit rate 155 520 Kbit/s 20 ppm
Line Code CMI
P4E4 Bit rate 139264 Kbit/s 15 ppm
Line Code CMI
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Alcatel 1662 SMC Introduction Technical Specifications (Continues):
Optical Characteristics
STM-1 S 1.1 L 1.1 L 1.2
TransPower -15 to -8dB 0 to - 5dB0 to -5dB
Receiver
Sensitivity -28dB -37dB -37dB
ReceiverOverload -8dB -10dB -10dB
Optical Connectors FCPC/SCPCSTM-4 S 4.1 L 4.1 L 4.2
TransPower -15 to -8dB 2 to -3dB2 to -3dB
Receiver
Sensitivity -28dB -28dB -28dB
ReceiverOverload -8dB -8dB -8dB
Optical Connectors FCPC/SCPC
STM-16 S 16.1 L 16.1 L 16.2
TransPower 0 to -5dB 2 to -2dB
2 to -
2dB
Receiver
Sensitivity -18dB -27dB -28dB
ReceiverOverload 0dB -8dB -8dB
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RS232 Pin Assignments (DB9 PC signalset)
Pin 1 Received Line Signal Detector(Data Carrier Detect)
Pin 2 Received Data
Pin 3 Transmit Data
Pin 4 Data Terminal Ready
Pin 5 Signal Ground
Pin 6 Data Set Ready
Pin 7 Request To Send
Pin 8 ClearTo Send
Pin 9 Ring Indicator
The connector on the PC has male pins, therefore the mating
cable needs to terminate in a DB9/F (Female pin) connector
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PROTECTION TYPES
EPSEquipment
ProtectionSwitching
MSPMultiplex
SectionProtection
1:1
1:N
MSP-LINEAR
MS-SP RING
SNCP/NSNCP/I
EPS:Protection against the equipment failure MSP:Protection against the equipment failure
And the Line Failure
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EPS(EquipmentProtection Switching)
EQUIPMENT 1
EQUIPMENT 2
1.The 1+1 EPS Protectiontypemeansthatone workingequipisProtected by One Redundant Equip
2.Themodeof 1+1 EPS Protectionis Non Revertive.
1+1 Type
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EPS(EquipmentProtection Switching)
1:N Type
EQUIPMENT 1
EQUIPMENT 1
EQUIPMENT N
EQUIPMENT P
LINE 1
LINE 2
LINE N
1)1:N Type protection means that N working Pieces of equip are protected
by just 1 Portecting Equivalent.
2)The mode of 1:N Eps protection is revertive.
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MSP(Multiplex SectionProtection)
MSP(linear) is also called as APS(Automatic Protection Switching)
NE-A NE-B
1+1Protection
1:1Protection
1:N Protection
TX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
WORKING
PROTECTION
HIGH PRIORITY LINE WORKING
LOWPRIORITY LINE WORKING
TX
TX
RX
RX
WORKING
WORKING
PROTECTION
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