7.+AIR+POLLUTION.ppt

7/25/2019 7.+AIR+POLLUTION.ppt

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AIR POLLUTION


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Air Pollutants

Airborne substances that occur inconcentrations high enough to

threaten the health of people andanimals, to harm vegetation andstructures.


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Tpes and !ources of Air Pollutants

Natural !ources

"ind pic#ing up dust and soot from

the earth$s surface and carring it

%olcanoes belching tons of ash and

dust into our atmosphere

&orest fires producing vast 'uantitiesof drifting smo#e


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(obile !ources

) (otor vehicles) Aircrafts

) !hips&i*ed !ources

) Industrial comple*es) Po+er plants

) omes

) Office -uildings

Man-made Sources:


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Primar Pollutants One that is emitted as such to the

atmosphere.

!econdar Pollutants

Produced in the atmosphere b

chemical reaction.


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Principal Air Pollutants

Particulate matter

aseous Pollutants


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Particulate Matter

Represents a group of solid particles andli'uid droplets that are small enough toremain suspended in the air.

/ollectivel #no+n as aerosols.

!oot Arsenic

0ust !ulfuric acid

!mo#e Pollen

Asbestos fibers Pesticides &iner particles +ith diameters smaller than

12 3m are referred to as P()12


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Particulate Matter

Particulate matter ma remain in the

atmosphere for some time depending

on the si4e and the amount of

precipitation that occurs.

Larger, heavier particles 5612 7m8 ) settle

to the ground in about a da or so after

being emitted

&ine, lighter particles 591 7m8 ) can remainsuspended in the lo+er atmosphere for

several +ee#s


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Gaseous Pollutants

!ulfur 0io*ide 5!O:8

!ulfur Trio*ide 5!O;8

drogen !ulfide 5:!8

/arbon (ono*ide 5/O8

/arbon 0io*ide 5/O:8 (ethane 5/


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Gaseous Pollutants

!ulfur 0io*ide 5!O:8 /olorless gas

Intense cho#ing odor

!trong irritant to ees = mucousmembrane

ighl soluble in +ater

/omes primaril from the burning of

sulfur)containing fossil fuels


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Gaseous Pollutants

!ulfur Trio*ide 5!O;8 !oluble in +ater

ighl corrosive

/an irritate nose and throat

/an irritate the lungs causing

coughing and>or shortness of breath.

/an cause headache, nausea and

di44iness.


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Gaseous Pollutants

drogen !ulfide 5:!8 /olorless, highl flammable and

e*plosive gas

Produced naturall b decaingorganic matter and b certainindustrial processes.

Rotten egg odor at lo+ concentration

Odorless at high concentration

ighl poisonous


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Gaseous Pollutants

/arbon (ono*ide 5/O8 /olorless and odorless

Product of incomplete combustion

-inds +ith hemoglobin in the blood

to form carboxyhemoglobin 5COHb8.


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Gaseous Pollutants

/arbon (ono*ide Reduces the amount of o*gen being

transported to bod tissue and other

vital organs such as the brain andheart.

-inds to hemoglobin appro*imatel

:?2 times more strongl than o*gendoes.


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Gaseous Pollutants

/arbon (ono*ide Long)term effects

smptoms develop : to


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Gaseous Pollutants

/arbon 0io*ide 5/O:8 /olorless and odorless

Product of complete combustion

reenhouse gas

/auses global +arming


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Gaseous Pollutants

(ethane 5/


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Gaseous Pollutants

Nitrous O*ide 5N:O8

/olorless gas used as carrier gas in

aerosol bottles

can depress the bone marro+ and

lead to temporar anemia


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Gaseous Pollutants

Nitric O*ide 5NO8 Readil combines +ith o*gen or air

to form nitrogen dio*ide 5NO:8

Precursor of smog and acid rain

Implicated in untington$s disease

5disturbance of the central nervoussstem8 and Al4heimer$s disease

5degenerative disease of nerve cells8


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Gaseous Pollutants

Nitrogen 0io*ide 5NO:8

-ro+n to orange gas

(a@or component of photochemicalsmog

/an irritate the lungs and lo+er

resistance to respirator infectionssuch as influen4a


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Gaseous Pollutants

Nitrogen 0io*ide 5NO:8 (a cause increased incidences of

acute respirator illness in children

/an change in the atmosphere and

cause ground level o4one and

nitrogen)bearing particles to form,

+hich are associated +ith adverse

health effects.


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Gaseous Pollutants

O4one 5O;8 Often referred to as tropospheric 5or

ground)level8 o4one

A secondar pollutant that is notemitted directl into the air

Irritating, corrosive, colorless gas+ith a smell something li#e burningelectrical +iring

ighl reactive


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Gaseous Pollutants

O4one

Irritates ees and the mucous

membranes of the respirator

sstem

Aggravates chronic diseases, such

as asthma and bronchitis.

/auses headaches and fatigue


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Photochemical Smog

A tpe of air pollution produced +hen

sunlight acts upon motor vehicle

e*haust gases to form harmful

substances such as

o4one 5O;8

aldehdes

pero*acetlnitrate 5PAN, /;/O)OO)

NO:8.

can irritate the ees, causing them to

+ater and sting


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Photochemical Reaction

NO: solar radiation NO O

O: O O;

O; NO NO: O:

O; U% radiation O: O

O :O O O

O R R :O

RO: NO NO: other products

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7.+AIR+POLLUTION.ppt