8. Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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System Software

What is software?

The series of computer-language coded

instructions that tells the computer how to

perform tasks

Two types ofsoftware

p.8.2

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application

software

systemsoftware



System Software

What is system software? Programs that

control theoperations of thecomputer and itsdevices

Interface betweenuser, applicationsoftware, andhardware

Two types are

operatingsystems andutility programs

p.8.2

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Operating

System

Operating Systems

What is an operating system (OS)? Set of programs

containinginstructions thatcoordinate all the

activities amongcomputer hardwareresources

Required for acomputer to work

p.8.3

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Click to

view

animation

http://h/stub8-1.exe



Operating

System

manage

programs

Operating Systems

What are the functions of an operating system?

p.8.3 Fig. 8-1

Next

start up the

computer

administer

security

control a

network

monitor

performance and

provide

housekeeping

services

access the

Web

schedule jobs

and configure

devices

provide user

interfacemanage

memory



Operating System

Functions

MemoryManagement

Startup Computer

ProgramManagement

Schedule Jobs

Configure Devices

Access the Web

AdministerSecurity

Control Network

MonitorPerformance

Provide User

Interface



Operating Systems

Where is the operating system located? Resides on computer’s

hard disk in most cases

May reside on a ROMchip on handheld

computers

p.8.3

Next

various operating systems

often are not compatible

with each other

same types ofcomputers may havedifferent operating

systems

different sizes of

computers typically

use different

operating systems



Operating System

FunctionsWhat is booting?

The process of starting or restarting a computer

p.8. 4

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cold boot

Process of turning on a

computer after it has been

powered off completelywarm boot

Process of restarting a

computer that is alreadypowered on

Also called a warm start



memory resident

• Remains in memory

while the computer is

running

• The kernel is

memory resident

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is the kernel? The core of an operating

system• Manages memory and devices

• Maintains the computers clocks

•Starts applications

• Assigns the computers resources,such as devices, programs, data,and information

Each time you boot a computer,

the kernel and other frequentlyused operating systeminstructions are loaded• Loading a file means the file is

copied from the hard disk to the

computer's memoryp.8. 4

Next

nonresident

• Instructions remain on

the hard disk untilthey are needed

• Other parts of the

operating system are

nonresident



Step 1: The power

supply sends a

signal to

components in the

system unit

Step 1

Step 2: The

processor looks

for the BIOS

processor

B I O S

Step 2

BIOS

basic input/output

system

Firmware that contains

the computer's startup

instructions

Operating System

FunctionsHow does a

personalcomputerboot up?

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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processor

B I O S

CD-ROM drive

Step 3

Operating System

FunctionsStep 3: The BIOS

performs the POST,

which checks

components such

as the mouse,

keyboard

connectors, andexpansion cards

POST

power-on self test

expansion cards

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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Step 4: The results

of the POST arecompared with data

in the CMOS chip

processor

B I O S

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

Step 4

CMOS chip

Stores configuration

information about the

computer

Also detects newdevices connected to

the computer expansion cards



Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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Step 5: The BIOS

looks for the system

files in drive A

(floppy disk drive)

and then drive C

(hard disk)

processor

B I O S

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 5

expansion cards

system files

Specific operating

system files loaded

during start up



Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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Step 6: The boot

program loads thekernel of the

operating system

into RAM from

storage (hard disk)

The operating

system in memory

takes control of the

computer

processor

B I O S

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

(RAM) memory

modules

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 6

expansion cards



Step 7

Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

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Step 7: The operating system

loads configuration informationand displays the desktop on the

screen

The operating system executes

programs in the StartUp folder

registry

Several files that contain

the system configuration

information

Registry is constantlyaccessed during the

computer's operation

StartUp folder

Contains a list of programs

that open automatically

when you boot the

computer



commands

entered byuser

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is a user interface?

p.8.7 Fig. 8-6

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Controls how you enter data and instructions and how

information displays on the screen

Click to

view animation




Operating System

FunctionsWhat is multitasking? Allows a single user to work on two or more applications that

reside in memory at the same time

p.8.9 Fig. 8-8

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Background

applications

listed on the

toolbar

foreground

application



Operating System

Functions

p.8.9

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multiuser

Operating system enables twoor more users to run a

program simultaneously

multiprocessing

Operating system can supporttwo or more processors running

programs at the same time

fault-tolerant computerContinues to operate even if one or its

components fails

Computer has duplicate components

such as processors, memory, and

disk drives

What are other program managementfeatures of operating systems?

Click to

view

animation

O i S




RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

page swapped out

RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

Step 1: Operating

system transfersleast recently used

data and program

instructions to disk

because memory is

needed for otherfunctionspage swapped in

page swapped out

RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

Step 2: Operating

system transfersdata and program

instructions from

disk to memory

when they are

needed

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is virtual memory (VM) management?

The operating

system allocates a

portion of a

storage medium,

usually the harddisk, to function

as additional RAM

p.8.10 Fig. 8-9

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O i S



Operating System

Functions

What is a device driver?

p.8.11

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Click to view Web Link

then click Device Drivers

device driver

Program that tells the operating system how to

communicate with a device

Also called a driver

Each device requires its own driver

O i S

http://scsite.com/dc2002/default.cfm?chap=8&module=links



Operating System

FunctionsWhat is Plug and Play?

The computer recognizes a new device, loads the

necessary drivers automatically, and checks for

conflicts with other devices

Supported by most

devices and operating

systems today

p.8. 13

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then click Plug and Play




O ti S t



Operating System

Functions

What is a network operating system? An operating system that supports a network

Also called a network OS or NOS

p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

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A network is a

collection ofcomputers and

devices

connected

together via

communications

media and

devices

server controls accesslaserprinter

client client client

St d Al O ti



commands

entered byuser

Stand-Alone Operating

SystemsWhat is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Refers to several single user operating systems

developed in the early 1980s for personal computers

Two more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-

DOS, both developed by Microsoft

p.8.17

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Used a

command line

interface and

added a menu-

driven interface

in later versions

St d Al O ti



Windows 95

A true multitasking

operating system

with downward

compatibility for

DOS and Windows3.x


SystemsWhat is Windows? Developed by Windows to meet the need

for an operating system that had a GUI

p.8.18

Next

Click to view

Web Link

then click

Windows

Windows 3.x

Refers to three early

versions of Microsoft

Window that were

operating environments

with DOS

A GUI that works incombination with an

operating system to

simplify its use

Windows NTWorkstation

A client operating

system that could

connect to a

Windows NT server

Used a Windows 95

interface

Stand Alone Operating





Systems

An operating

system that has

featuresspecifically for

the home users

Also called

Windows Me Includes

multimedia

features

p.8.20 Fig. 8-21

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What is Windows MillenniumEdition (ME)?

Network Operating



Network Operating

Systems

What is UNIX? A multitasking operating system developed inthe early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories

p.8.23 Fig. 8-24

Next


then click UNIX

Command-line

interface

Embedded Operating




Embedded Operating

SystemsWhat is an embedded operating system?

The operating

system on most

handheld

computers and

small devices

Resides on a

ROM chip

p.8. 25

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Windows CE

Pocket

PC OS

Palm OS ®

Embedded Operating



Embedded Operating

SystemsWhat is an Auto PC?

A device mounted onto a vehicle’s dashboard that is poweredby Windows CE

Directed through voice commands

Provides information to the driver such as driving directions,traffic conditions, weather,and stock quotes, access and listento e-mail

Acts as a radio or an audio CD

Sharesinformationwith a

handheld ornotebookcomputer

p.8. 25 Fig. 8-26

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Utility Programs



utility suites

Combine several utility

programs into a single

package

Utility Programs

What is a utility program?

A type of systemsoftware thatperforms a specific

task Usually related to

managing acomputer, its

devices or itsprograms

p.8.27

Next

McAfee and Norton offer

utility suites and Web-

based utility services

Web-based utility service

Pay an annual fee that

allows you to access and

use a vendor’s utility

programs on the Web



Documents

8. Operating Systems and Utility Programs