8. Vocabulary

8/13/2019 8. Vocabulary

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English Teacher Caracas Gabriela

Vocabulary

Wordpart of speech

Meaning Example sentence

abnormaladj

not normal for the human body This amount of weight loss is abnormalfor

women your age.

achenoun/verb

pain that won't go away I can't sleep because my knees ache in thenight.

acuteadj

quick to become severe/bad We knew the baby was coming right away

because the woman's labour painswere acute.

allergynounallergicadj

a body's abnormal reaction to certain

foods or environmental substances egcauses a rash!

"our son is e#tremely allergicto peanuts.

ambulancenoun

emergency vehicle that rushes people

to a hospital

We called the ambulancewhen $osh

stopped breathing.

amnesianoun

a condition that causes people to losetheir memory

I can't remember the accident because Ihad amnesia.

amputationnounamputateverb

permanent removal of a limb We had to amputatehis leg because the

infection spread so quickly.

anaemianounanaemicadj

occurs when the body doesn't haveenough red blood cells

I have low energy because I am anaemic.

antibioticsnoun

medication that kills bacteria and curesinfections

%y throat infection went away after Istarted the antibiotics.

anti-depressantnoun

medication that helps relieve an#ietyand sadness

The anti-depressantshelped me get on withlife after &ucy died.

appointmentnoun

a scheduled meeting with a medicalprofessional

I've made you an appointmentwith aspecialist in three week's time.

arthritisnoun

a disease that causes the joints tobecome swollen and crippled

%y grandmother can't knit anymorebecause the arthritisin her hands is so

bad.

asthma (attack)noun

a condition that causes a blockage ofthe airway and makes it difficult for aperson to breathe

I carry an inhaler when I run because Ihave asthma.

bacterianoun

a diseasecausing organism To prevent the spread of bacteriait isimportant that nurses wash their hands

often.

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bedsorenoun

wounds that develop on a patient'sbody from lying in one place for toolong

If you don't get up and take a walk( youwill develop painful bedsores.

benignadj

not harmful not cancerous! We're hoping that the tests will show thatthe lump in your breast is benign.

biopsynoun

removal of human tissue in order to

conduct certain medical tests

The biopsyruled out a number of illnesses.

blood countnoun

the amount of red and white blood cellsa person has

"ou will be happy to know that your bloodcountis almost back to normal.

blood donornoun

a person who gives blood to a blood

bank or other person

Blood donorshave to answer questions

about their medical history.

blood pressurenoun

the rate at which blood flows throughthe body high/low!

)igh blood pressureputs you at risk ofhaving a heart attack.

bracenoun a device that holds injured body partsin place "ou will probably always have to weara braceon your ankle when you jog.

breechadj

position of an unborn baby in which thefeet are down and the head is up

We thought it was going to be abreechbirth( but the baby turned himself

around.

brokenadj

a bone that is divided in two or morepieces as a result of an injury

We thought it was just a sprain( but itturned out his leg was broken.

bruisenounbruisedadj

injured body tissue that is visibleunderneath the skin

The woman was badly bruised when shecame into the emergency room.

Caesarean section, C-sectionnoun

procedure that involves removing ababy from its mother through an

incision in the woman's lower abdomen

The baby was so large that we had toperform a Caesarean section.

cancernoun

disease caused by the uncontrollablegrowth of cells

There are many different options when itcomes to treating cancer.

cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (C!)noun

restoring a person's breath andcirculation

"ou saved your brother's life byperforming C!.

castnouna hard bandage that is wrapped arounda broken bone to keep it in place %y leg was in a castfor graduation.

chapel, chapelinenoun

a place where loved ones can go topray for a patient's recovery*

a priest who visits patients in thehospital

If you want a place to pray( the chapelison the third floor.

chemotherapy type of treatment used on cancer %y mother has already had three rounds

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noun patients of chemotherapy.

chickenpoxnoun

a virus commonly contracted by

children( characteri+ed by itchy spotsall over the body

It is best to get chickenpoxas a child so

that you don't get it worse as an adult.

coroner

noun

a person who determines the cause of

death after a person dies

We only call the coronerif we think a

death is suspicious.

critical conditionnoun

requiring immediate and constantmedical attention

"ou can't see her right now* she's incritical condition.

crutchesnoun

objects that people with injured legs orfeet use to help them walk

I'd rather hop on one foot than usecrutches.

cystnoun

a sac in the bodytissue filled with fluidsometimes diseased!

We're going to remove the cystsjust to beon the safe side.

dea"

adj

unable to hear The accident left the patient both dea"andblind.

de"iciencynoun

a lack of something necessary for one'shealth

The tests show that you have aniron de"iciency.

dehydratedadj

in need of water It is easy for the elderly to become

dehydratedin this heat.

dementianoun

loss of mental capacity It is hard to watch a loved one sufferingwith dementia.

diabetes

noun

type of disease typically involving

insulin deficiency

,eople with diabeteshave to constantly

check their blood sugar levels.

diagnosisnoun

medical e#planation of an illness orcondition

The doctor would prefer to share thediagnosiswith the patient himself.

discom"ortnoun

e#periencing pain This pain medication should relieve some

of your discom"ort.

diseasenoun

a medical disorder that is harmful to aperson's health

I understand that this diseaseruns in yourfamily.

dislocated

adj

when a bone is temporarily separated

from its joint

"ou will have to wear a sling because of

your dislocatedshoulder.

emergencynoun

a medical problem that needsimmediate attention

It is important that children know whichnumber to dial in case of an emergency.

E! (emergency room)noun

the hospital room used for treatingpatients with immediate and lifethreatening injuries

The child was rushed into theE! after hehad a severe allergic reaction to a beesting.

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externaladj

on the outside This cream is for externaluse only. -o notget it near your ears( eyes( or mouth.

"alse negati#enounadj

a test that incorrectly comes back

negative

We had two "alse negati#epregnancy tests(

so we didn't know we were having a baby.

"amily historynoun

medical background of a person'sfamily members

The doctor was concerned about my "amilyhistoryof skin cancer.

"ataladj

causing death The doctor made a "atalerror when he

wrote the wrong prescription.

"e#ernoun"e#erishadj

higher than normal body temperature )e is very "e#erish( and his temperature isnear danger point.

"lu (in"luen$a)noun

many types of respiratory or intestinal

infections passed on through a virus

,eople who have the "lushould not visit

hospital patients.

"racturenoun"racturedadj

broken or cracked bone "our wrist is "racturedand needs a cast.

germnoun

a microorganism( especially one thatcauses disease

lowers are not allowed in the ward toavoid the risk ofgermsbeing brought in.

geneticadj

a medical condition or physical featurethat is passed on in the family

The disease is partgeneticand partenvironmental.

gro%thnoun

a ball of tissue that grows bigger thannormal( either on or under the skin

Thatgro%thon your shoulder is starting toworry me.

heart attacknoun

instance in which blood stops pumpingthrough the heart

,eople who smoke are at greater risk ofhaving a heart attack.

&'Vnoun

the virus that infects the human Tcells

and leads to I-0

&'Vcan be passed down from the mother

to her fetus.

hi#esnoun

bumps that appear on the surface of theskin during an allergic reaction

I broke out in hi#esafter I ate that potatocasserole.

illnessnounilladj

general term for any condition that

makes a person feel sick for a certainperiod of time

)er illnesswent away when she started

eating better.

immune systemnoun

the parts of the body that fight diseases(

infections( and viruses

"ou can't have visitors because your

immune systemis low.

immuni$ation nounimmuni$everb

an injection that protects against aspecific disease

1abies are immuni$edthree times in theirfirst year.

incisionnoun

cut in the body made during surgery I had to have stitches to close the incision.

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inconclusi#eadj

unclear We have to do more #rays because thefirst ones were inconclusi#e.

in"antnoun

young baby The nurse will demonstrate how to bathe

an in"ant.

in"ectionnoun

in"ectedadj

diseased area of the body viral or

bacterial!

The wound should be covered when you

swim to prevent it from becoming in"ected.

in"lamedadj

appearance red and swollen! of an

injured body part

%y right ankle was so in"lamedit was

twice the si+e of my left one.

inurynoun

damage to the body )er inurieswere minor* just a few cutsand bruises.

intensi#e care unit('C)noun

section of the hospital where patientsget constant attention and doctors relyon speciali+ed equipment

0he will remain in the I23 until she canbreathe on her own.

internaladj

under the skin( inside the organs The doctors will be monitoring her forany internalbleeding.

itchyadj

feeling discomfort on the skin's surface If you are allergic to this medication yourskin will get red and itchy.

'Vnoun

a tube that pumps liquids andmedication into a patient's body

The toddler was so dehydrated that thedoctor decided to get him on an'V.

lab resultsnoun

tests that come back from a laboratoryand help doctors make a diagnosis

The lab resultshave come in and you arefree to go home.

lab (laboratory)noun

place where samples of blood/urine etc.are taken for testing

I'll take these samples down to the labonmy way out.

li"e supportnoun

a machine that keeps patients alive by

helping them breathe

The woman has severe brain damage and

is currently on li"e support.

li"e-threateningadj

when injuries and conditions aree#tremely serious

The victim was shot in two places but thebullet wounds are not li"e-threatening.

light-headedadj

feeling of di++iness and being off

balance( caused by lack of o#ygen inthe brain

If you are feeling light-headed again( lie

down and call me.

malignantadj

e#pected to grow and get much worse

especially related to cancerous cells!

I'm afraid at least one of the tumours

is malignant.

medical school (med*school)noun

place where someone trains to be adoctor

fter eight years of medical schoolI canfinally practice medicine.

ne%born an infant that is less than three months "ou have to support her neck because she

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noun old is still a ne%born.

numbadj

no feeling in a certain body part The needle will make your lower body

feel numb.

+! (operating room)noun

the place where major surgeries andoperations take place

"ou must wear a face mask and gloveswhile you are in the +!.

operationnounoperate onverb

a medical procedure that involvesgoing inside a person's body in anattempt to fi# a problem

The operationlasted seven hours( but itwas successful.

painnoun

strong discomfort in certain areas ofthe body

We gave your husband some medicine torelieve some of thepain.

pain killer, painrelie#ernoun

type of medicine that takes away someor all of the discomfort of an illness or

injury

"ou can take twopain killersevery fourhours.

paraly$edadj unable to move certain areas of thebody We thought her legs wereparaly$edforlife( but she is learning how to walk.

patientnoun

a person staying in a hospital ormedical facility

Thepatientsin 4oom 5 are not gettingalong.

pharmacistnoun

a person who fills a doctor'sprescription and gives people adviceabout medication

sk thepharmacistif there is a genericbrand of this medication.

pharmacy, drugstorenoun

a place where people go to buymedication and other medical supplies

"ou should be able to buy a bandage atthepharmacy.

physiciannoun

doctor sk your familyphysicianto refer you to aspecialist.

poisonnounpoisonousadj

a substance that is very dangerous if itenters the human body

The child was bitten by apoisonous snake.

prenataladj

of the time period leading up to givingbirth

The woman was well prepared for labourbecause she took theprenatalclasses.

prescription nounprescribeverb

the correct amount and type of

medication needed to cure an illness orrelieve symptoms

"ou will need to visit your doctor to get

anotherprescription.

pri#acynounpri#ateadj

being alone* personal eg test results! "ou will have to pay for apri#ate hospital

room if you don't want a roommate.

radiationnoun

high energy 6rays that destroy cancercells

If the radiationdoesn't kill all of theabnormal cells( the cancer will come back.

residency part of a doctor's training that takes $ohn is a residentunder -r 1rown.

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residentnoun

place in the hospital*a student working under a doctor

routine check-upnoun

a doctor's appointment to check a

person's general health

I'd like to see you a year from now for

a routine check-up.

scrubs

noun

plain uniform usually green( white( or

blue! worn by medical professionals

I have some e#trascrubsin my locker.

scrub upverb

carefully wash hands before and after

seeing a patient

I have toscrub upand get ready for

surgery.

second opinionnoun

input from a second doctor about anillness or symptom

I went to another doctor to get asecondopinionabout these spasms.

sei$urenoun

sudden violent movements orunconsciousness caused by electricalsignal malfunction in the brain

,eople who suffer from epilepsy are pronetosei$ures.

shocknoun body not getting enough blood flow The woman was inshockafter being pulledfrom the river.

side e""ectsnoun

other symptoms that might occur as aresult of a certain medication or

procedure

7ne of theside e""ectsof antidepressants isa loss of appetite.

soreadj

painful I have asorethroat and a runny nose.

spasmnoun

the uncontrollable tightening of amuscle

8ver since I injured my leg I've beenhaving musclespasmsin my upper thigh.

specialistnoun

a doctor that is an e#pert in a certainkind of medicine

%y family doctor is sending me to aspecialist.

sprainnoun/verb

an injury less serious than a break! toa joint ankle( wrist( knee etc!

Isprainedmy knee playing soccer.

stable conditionnoun

a patient is stable if their medicalcondition is no longer changing rapidly

"ou can see your husband now* he is inastable condition.

stingnoun/verb

sharp( temporary pain It maystingwhen I insert the needle.

stressnounstressedadj

worry that causes muscles to tightenand blood pressure to rise

"ou need to take some time off work andrelieve some of yourstress.

s%ellingnouns%ollenadj

ligaments parts that hold the joints

together! growing bigger and rounderafter an injury to a joint

I knew my ankle was sprained because it

was sos%ollen.

symptoms pain or physical changes that occur "ou have all of thesymptomsof a diabetic.

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noun because of an illness or disease

temperaturenoun

amount of heat measured in a body*

higher than normal temperature

We brought $esse to emergency because he

was running a high! temperature.

tenderadj

painful when touched or used The incision was tenderafter the surgery.

test resultsnoun

medical information that helps doctorsunderstand a patient's condition orbody

The test resultscame back negative. "ouaren't pregnant.

therapynoun

treatment aimed at improving aperson's mental or physical condition

I was able to go back to work a few weeksafter starting the therapy.

transplantnoun

moving of an organ from one human toanother

The heart transplantsaved your life.

ultrasound

noun

a test that e#amines the body's internalorgans and processes using soundwaves often used during pregnancies!

The ultrasoundshows that we aree#pecting a baby boy.

umbilical cordnoun

the lifeline from the mother to the fetuswhen cut at birth this forms the bellybutton!

I had an emergency 2section becausethe umbilical cordwas wrapped aroundthe baby's neck.

unconsciousadj

alive( but appearing to be asleep andunaware of the surroundings

I hit my head on the steering wheel andwas still unconsciouswhen the ambulancearrived.

urine samplenoun

a small amount of the body's liquid

waste that is tested for different

medical reasons

The urine sampletells us how much

alcohol is in your blood.

#einnoun

the thin tubes that transport blood

around the body and back to the heart

I'm just looking for the best #einin which

to insert the needle.

#irusnoun

a dangerous organism that causes thespread of minor and major diseases

The #irusis contractible through thee#change of bodily fluids.

#isiting hoursnoun

time of day when friends and family areallowed to visit patients in hospital

I'm afraid you'll have to come backduring #isiting hours.

#omit

noun/verb

discharge of a person stomach contents

through the mouth

The pregnant woman can't stop #omiting.

%ardnoun

a section of a hospital or health facilitywhere patients stay

I should warn you that we're entering themental health %ard.

%heelchairnoun

a chair on wheels used for transportingpatients from place to place

If you get in the %heelchairI'll take youdown to see the garden.

%oundnoun injury to body 9flesh wound9 means The %oundedsoldiers are being airlifted to

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%oundedadj not deep! the hospital.

x-raynoun/verb

a photograph of a person's bones and

organs

The technician tookx-raysof my shoulder

to make sure it wasn't broken.

Medical upplies and ools

)ere is a list of some of the most common supplies found in doctor's offices( operating rooms( andmedical kits. 0tudy the vocabulary and try the matching e#ercise.

antiseptic liquid used to sterili+e clean! the surface of the skin

bandage a cloth covering that is placed over a wound to prevent bleeding( swelling andinfection

bandage scissors tool used to cut bandages

blood pressuremonitor

a tool that measures the force of blood flow through a person's body

dressing protective covering that is placed over a wound

elastic tape a thin roll of stretchy material that is sticky on one side

eye chart a poster of letter( word( and number combinations of various si+es used to testa person's eyesight

"orceps instrument used during operations and medical procedures assists the doctorin pulling( holding( and retrieving!

gau$e thin( netted material used for dressing wounds

hypodermic needle sharp pointed metal piece that pricks the skin attached to a syringe!( used fortaking blood or administering medicine

'V bag the pouch that contains liquids to be pumped into a patient's body

medicine cup small plastic measuring cup

microscope equipment that makes small things appear larger than they are

otoscope a device used for looking into a patient's ears

oxygen mask equipment that fits over the nose and mouth and supplies o#ygen

pri#acy screen an object that is used to separate the doctor and patient from others in an openroom

scales a device that measures a person's weight

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stethoscope equipment for listening to a person's heart and lungs

syringe a cylindershaped piece that attaches to a needle and can be filled with liquid

table and head-restpaper

paper that is placed on an e#amining table or headrest to prevent the spreadof germs

test tube glass cylinder that is filled with blood or other liquids and can be capped andplaced in a storage area

thermometer an instrument used to check a person's body temperature

#ial a small bottle or container used for storing liquids

Medical pecialists%edical specialists are e#perts in certain fields of medicine. They either treat specific parts of the body(

such as the back or the brain( or they speciali+e in certain diseases( such as cancer. amily doctors keepa list of local specialists and can help patients choose the right specialist for each medical issue. Inmany cases specialists require a re"erralfrom a family doctor before they will see a patient. )ere is alist of the most common types of specialists.

allergist: speciali+es in determining food and environmental allergies

anesthesiologist: speciali+es in pain prevention during surgery

cardiologist: heart specialist

chiropractor: back specialist

dentist: tooth specialist

dermatologist: skin specialist

"ertility specialist: helps people who have difficulty getting pregnant

gynecologist: speciali+es in women's needs

massage therapist: speciali+es in muscle rela#ation

mid%i"e: helps women deliver babies in a natural way

naturopath: speciali+es in natural cures and remedies

neurologist: brain specialist

obstetrician: specialist for pregnant women

occupational therapist: speciali+es in workplace health

oncologist: tumour specialist( including cancer

ophthalmologist: speciali+es in eye diseases

pediatrician: specialist for babies and children

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physical therapist: speciali+es in the body's movement

podiatrist: foot specialist

psychiatrist: specialist in mental health

radiologist: speciali+es in imaging tests

.+! C+/!'B'+/

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8. Vocabulary