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Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Project Financing
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Agenda
Introduction
Factors That Affect Financing
How Do Lenders Evaluate a Request?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
The Farm Credit System
Nationwide group of financial cooperatives.
Created by Congress in 1916.
$160 billion in loans to over 500,000 borrowers.
Owned by customers.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Colonial Farm Credit
$700 million in loans to 6,000 customers.
45 counties in eastern Virginia and 5 counties in southern Maryland.
81 Employees.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Our Purpose
“The core purpose of Colonial Farm Credit is to make farmers, agribusinesses and rural residents successful.”
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Colonial Farm Credit Locations
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing
Size of the project
Purpose and complexity of the project
Economic conditions
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing
Size of the project– Lenders must meet minimum capitalization
requirements
– As loan volume increases, the lender’s capital (equity) must increase
– Large loans require increased capital not just because of loan volume increase, but because of risk concentration: 1 - $ 10 million loan vs. 100 - $100k loans
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing
Size of the project
– If the project increases the debt level in a lending relationship above the institution’s hold limits, the lender may bring in other lenders to participate in the deal
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Size
$2.0 million project pushes the total debt with the lender to $12.0 million
Lender’s hold limit is $10.0 million
Lender sells a $2.0 million participation to another institution
This type of arrangement is typical for business lenders. Often transparent to the borrower.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Project Purpose
Does the project enhance the efficiency of existing operations?
– Example: Take advantage of a byproduct
– Lender focus: What is the project cost and what is the efficiency gained?
– Risk assessment fairly straightforward
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Project Purpose
Is it an entirely new strategy for the business?
– Example: New product, e.g. value added products
– Lender focus: Does it impact efficiency (internal factors)? Does it entail marketplace development (external factors)?
– More complex
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Complexity
As the size and complexity of a project increase, the lender’s due diligence increases
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Complexity and Due Diligence
Financial Statements:
– Type: Historical, pro forma, budgets, projections
– Quality:
• Internally Prepared
• CPA Prepared: Compiled, Review, Audit
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Complexity and Due Diligence
Verifications– Contracts: Project construction, key suppliers,
key customers, etc.
– Supplier relationships: A/P aging
– Customer relationships: A/R aging
– Banking Relationships: credit history, asset balances
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Complexity and Due Diligence
Industry Expertise of the Lender
– Specialization: Lenders may develop a niche financing to a particular industry
– Peer comparisons: What are the financial standards for this industry? What makes this project a better risk / return proposition?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Factors That Affect Financing: Economic Conditions
From the lender’s perspective: the type of market in which the borrower conducts business. Ex. expanding, steady, contracting, volatile, stable, etc.
From the borrower’s perspective, consideration must be given to the lender’s commitment to a particular industry and the health of credit markets.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
How Do Lenders Evaluate a Request?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Evaluating a Request
Loan Structure
Balance Sheet (Capital Position)
Income Statement and Cash Flow (Capacity)
Collateral
Management
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Loan Structure
Duration and repayment plan Funds may be used for:
– Equipment purchases
– Land and land improvements
– Buildings
– Inventory
– Operating Expenses, etc.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Loan Structure: Four Types of Loans
Term
Seasonal
Evergreen
Bridge
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Balance Sheet
Sufficient liquidity to pay obligations as they come due?
Sufficient equity to handle adversity?
Leverage: How sensitive is the operation to fluctuations in profit margin and sales volume?
High leverage: When things are good, they’re really good. When things are bad……
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Income Statement
Sufficient profits replace assets as they wear out?
Sufficient profits to maintain equity and liquidity?
Can the business grow on its own?
Sufficient return to owners?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Cash Flow
Sufficient to pay all obligations within terms?
Can the owners take the desired draw?
Can “quick assets” be grown to cover short term volatility?
Can growth be funded internally?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Cash Flow Behavior
Seasonality of sales
Sales growth
Customer payment performance
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Customer Payment Performance: Base Situation
Annual Sales $2,000,000
Sales per day $ 5,479
Receivable Days 60
Accounts Rec. Balance $ 328,767
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Base Situation
Accounts Receivable– Customers owe the company $328,767.
– Customers are paying cash 60 days after sale on average.
– Owner invests or company borrows $328,787 to cover expenses while waiting for customers to pay.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Situation 2: Faster A/R Turnover
Annual Sales $2,000,000
Sales per day $ 5,479
Receivable Days 30
Accounts Rec. Balance $ 164,384
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Situation 2: Faster A/R Turnover
Accounts Rec. Balance $ 164,384
– Customers are paying 30 days faster on average
– $164,384 less tied up in A/R. These funds could be used to pay down debt, purchase production assets, pay a dividend, etc.
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Collateral
How specialized are the facilities / products?
Location: typical for the area?
Durability, maintenance requirements
How marketable is the collateral?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Management
Short and long term planning
Adaptability: what’s the right strategy?
Customer relations
Lender communication
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Typical Loan Officer Questions
How long have you operated?
How much production capacity do you have?
What are your most profitable items?
How has the business changed over the past five years?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
More Loan Officer Questions
What are your sales growth plans?
Do you have a business continuity plan?
Who is your competition?
Where do you see your operation in five years?
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Items for the borrower to consider
How important is the lender relationship to the success of the project?
– Size
– Complexity
– Economic conditions
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
How does a borrower ensure a strong relationship with a lender?
Research
Communication
Responsiveness
Ongoing planning
Farm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural FinanceFarm Credit C O L O N I A L 800-777-8908 www.colonialfarmcredit.com
Experts in Rural Finance
Questions?