8051 Microcontroller Kit

Construction Manual

Rev 1.0 December 12, 2015© 2015 Wichit Sirichote

1

ContentsOVERVIEW.......................................................................4

SAFTY INFORMATION......................................................4

Tools.................................................................................4

Assembly steps...............................................................6

Troubleshooting..............................................................22

FAQ..................................................................................23

Schematic, parts list and layout...................................24

2

OVERVIEWThe construction manual explains how to assemble the Microcontroller kit athome. No need special tools. The bare PCB is ready to put electronic parts and solder them with a pen type soldering iron. Testing is simple with the DC volt meter or logic probe. The preprogrammed chips are 89S52 microcontroller with 8-kB monitor program and the PLD decoder.

For young students, it could take approx. 2 hours to complete it. Building the8051 Microcontroller kit is fun. Enjoy your time.

SAFTY INFORMATION• Soldering place should be good ventilation or open space will be

suitable for your students.• The soldering iron is rather hot, be careful during assemble the kit.• Cutting the leg of electronic parts is danger. Have the safety glass is

recommended.• The voltage regulator 7805 is hot when using with >12VDC supply.• Wash your hand when finish.

Tools1. Soldering iron: Pen type 20W/130W Hakko presto and stand.

2. Italian wire cutter

3

3. Soldering wire: Ultracore 0.8mm TIN/LEAD 60/40

4. Tray from cookie box or from kitchen. We can put all components into the tray and prepare them to assemble.

5. AC adapter with +9VDC output. Center pin positive (+).

4

ASSEMBLY STEPSMark the check box for each steps that completed.

□ 1.Check the PCB, no wire or conductive parts on both sides.

Remember do not touch the PCB pad with finger. Pick it at the board border. The board comes with presoldered transient voltage suppressor, D11.

5

□ 2. The transient voltage suppressor, D11 is located close to U11,

GAL16V8D. It is a voltage clipper to clip the spike voltage at +5V.

□ 3. Put the XTAL, 11.0592MHz to the PCB with small paper inserted to

prevent the XTAL case short to a small VIA. Solder it.

6

□ 4. Put 30pF disc ceramic capacitor, C5 and C6.

□ 5. Finished soldering point should be shine and look good.

7

□ 6. Put diode D9 and D13, cut the legs of D13 and use them for TP1

and TP2.

□ 7. Put LED D12, SQUARE pad is for Anode pin (longer leg).

Solder it ONLY one LEG, not both legs. It could not in position!

8

□ 8. Push the LED with finger while solder the leg, adjust until the LED is

nice position. Solder the other leg and cut the leg.

□ 9. Do the same for 8-bit debugging LED and CY LED.

9

□ 10. Finish ALL LEDs using the same procedure.

□ 11. Put all resistors, R2, R3,R5,R7,R9. Solder them.

10

□ 12. Put R-PACK R10 and R6, the DOT indicates PIN 1.

□ 13. Put U7, 7805 by bending the legs. And R4, solder it.

11

□ 14. Put tact switch, press it until click!

□ 15. Check all tact switches are locked, no one spring out.

12

□ 16. Push it if some may spring out. Then solder them.

□ 17. Put all electrolytic capacitors, 10uF +16V. Pin + is longer leg put to

square pad.

13

□ 18. Put all multilayer capacitors, 100nF. Pins has no polarity.

□ 19. Put C10, 470uF electrolytic capacitor. Longer leg is + to square

pad.

14

□ 20. The negative pin of C10 has sign indicator as shown below.

□ 21. Put Q2, BC557 and Q3, KIA7042. Both have the same case TO92.

Do not swap them, ensure correct location for each one. Then solder them.

15

□ 22. Put socket for Microcontroller (40 pins), SRAM(28 pins) and PLD (20

pins). Solder them.

□ 23. Put DB9 connector. Press until locked.

16

□ 24. Put the 7-segment LED. Solder only one pin for each LED. Adjust

the position the same method as LED soldering. Check both are in line then solder them.

□ 25. Put U1, U3, U10, U11, 74HC573 and U4, MAX232 . All have no

socket. Placing must be correct position! Ensure PIN1 is correct. Again solderonly one pin for each chip. Verify correct position then solder them.

17

□ 26. Put U12, 74HC541 and the rest parts, solder them. Put the keypad

sticker.

□ 27. Put the microcontroller, SRAM and PLD chips. Test the board power

with AC adapter that provides approx. +9VDC. The power LED should lit.

18

□ 28. The RESET text will show 8051.

□ 29. Press key PC, the location 9000 with its content will be displayed.

19

□ 30. You built it, the 8051 digital computer in your hand. Very easy.

20

TROUBLESHOOTING

PROBLEM CAUSE ACTION

No display, no power LED

1. no power from AC adapter2. wrong polarity jack

3.wrong direction of protection diode, D13

1. Check AC outlet

2. correct the jack polarity, use new adapter3. correct diode direction

No display, power LED lit 1. wrong IC chip insertion2. oscillator is not running

3. CPU is not reset

1. correct chip position

2. check XTAL soldering,C6 and C5 must be 30pF. Use logic probe check at pin 18 of 89S52, it must be pulse signal.

3.Use logic probe checkpin 9 of the microcontroller, press RESET key will make it logic “high”.

No display on GPIO1 LED

1. wrong direction of D92. wrong direction of LED

1. correct the direction2. correct Cathode/Anode pins

No beep when press key

None stop long beep

1. no speaker2. wrong position of Q2

3. Wrong transistor Q2

1. solder the speaker2. correct the position ofQ23. Use PNP, not NPN transistor

Heat up at voltage regulator, U7 7805

1. DC input is too high. 1. Lower input DC voltage to +7 to 9V

No display on LCD 1. wrong insertion position

2. not yet adjust contrast POT, R4

1. correct the position

2. Adjust contrast until black line appeared.

No back-light on LCD 1. no R2 installed2. R2 is higher resistant3. LCD module has no back-light4. back-light pin is not the same as schematic

1. install R22. use 5-10 Ohms for R23. use LCD module with back-light4. use LCD module with correct back-light pin

RS232 Terminal 1. terminal is not set 1. set terminal for 9600

21

connecting problem correct format

2.RS232 cable is not cross cable.

3. Notebook has no Rs232 port

bit/s, 8-data bit, no parity, one stop bit, no flow control.

2. check the cable, it must be cross cable

3. Use the USB to RS232 converter

P1.7 LED is not blink with TEST function

1. wrong insertion of D10 1. correct the polarity

Some key has no response

1.not yet solder it 1. check and solder it

22

FAQQ1: Can I use my soldering iron? I got 30W pen type.

A1: Yes, you can use your own soldering iron even with 30W is fine. My suggestion the Hakko presto 25W has been my tool so far more than 10 Yrs. It has a very good TIP. The TIP is shine with lead, so thermal contact is very good. It makes easier soldering.

Q2: My soldering wire is not 0.8mm size and not sure the TIN/LEAD ration.

A2: I suggest to use 0.8mm size with TIN/LEAD ratio 60/40.

Q3: I have no digital multimeter. How can I check the +5V output from 7805 regulator.

A3: You can use needle multimeter as well. The needle would show approx. 4.8V-5V is fine.

Q4: Why need approx. >7VDC for the power supply? Can I use 6V?

A4: The dropping voltage across 7805 is approx. 2V in order to provide +5V output. If we use lower, says 6V the output voltage will be lower than +5V!

Q5: My AC adapter output is +15V, can I use it?

A4: Yes, you can use it, but the power dissipation at the 7805 will be approx. 80mA*(+15V-5V) or 0.8W! If we use +7V, it will be 0.2W.

Q6: Why you said the low frequency transformer is good for young students?

A6: The low frequency transformer has separate turn, primary and secondary turns. The power is transferred by magnetic field. So it is a kind of galvanic isolation between high voltage and low voltage. It is quite safe.

Q7: Can I reprogram the microcontroller chip with my monitor program?

A7: Yes, you may learn the user's manual that provides monitor source code in c language. You can modify it, recompile then reprogram the chip.

Q8: Why need brownout reset chip, KIA7042?

A8: The CPU that has no brownout reset will not be able to restart properly. You can test the kit with adjustable power supply. Slowly increase the voltage from 0 to +9V. If no brownout reset chip, you will see what will happening. This feature makes the kit is very reliable.

Q9: What is the important issue for assembly the kit?

A9: 95% that causes circuit not functioning are from soldering! Each parts must have good electrical contact.

23

PARTS LIST

Semiconductors

U2 HM62256B, 32kB SRAMU4 MAX232AU5 AT89S52 microcontrollerU6 GAL16V8DU7 LM7805/TOU9,U8 LTC-4727JR, 7-segmentU12 74HC541U1,U3,U10,U11 74HC573Q2 BC557 or BC327Q3 KIA7042D1,D2,D4,D5,D6,D7,D8,D15 LEDD3 LED 3mmD9 1N5236AD10 Debug 3mm LEDD11 TVS5VD12 POWER LEDD13 1N4007

Resistors (all resistors are 1/8W +/-5%)

R1,R4 10KR9,R2 10 or 5R3 330, or 680R5 2k or 1kR10,R6 10k RESISTOR SIP 9R7 4.7k

Capacitors C1,C7 10uF 10VC2,C3,C4 10uFC5,C6 30pF disceramicC8 100uF or 10uF 16VC9 10uF 16VC10 470uF 25VC12,C13,C14,C15,C16 0.1uFC17,C18 0.1uF multilayerC12 10uF 10V electrolytic C19,C18 100nF disc ceramic

Additional parts

JP1 HEADER 20X2JR1 CONN RECT 16J1 DC input JACK

J2,J3 CON3 (do not populate)LS1 SPEAKERQ1 11.0592MHz Xtal

S1 RESET switchS2,S3,S4,S5,S6,S7,S8,S9, tact SW S10,S11,S12,S13,S14,S15,S16,S17,S18,S19,S20,S21,S22,S23,S24,S25,S26S27 INTERRUPT0S28 INTERRUPT1

All switches are 12mm TACT switch

TP1 +5VTP2 GNDVB1 SUB-D 9, Male (cross cable)

PCB double side plate through holeLED cover Clear RED color acrylic plasticKeyboard sticker printable SVG file

24

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

Expansion Bus

0x8000-0xFFFF

R/W

16x2 text LCD interface

RS

Designed by Wichit Sirichote (C), 2015

Single Step

0x100

0x0000-0x0003

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8051 Microcontroller Kit

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1 2Wednesday, November 18, 2015

Title

Size Document Number Rev

Date: Sheet of

D5

WR

A13

D7D6

A12

D0

*RESET

PSEN

INT0

PSEN

A8

RESET

D6

T0

D4

P1.4

*RESET

A11

RESET

RTS

P1.0

A9

P1.2

D3

RD

D2

D0

WR

D2

A10

P1.7

D1

ALE

A8

P1.6

A10

A14

D3

RAMCE

A9

D7

D4

D5

RD

P1.3

INT1

D1

GPIO1

A0

A15

P1.1

P1.5

P1.0

P1.6

P1.3

T0

P1.1

INT1A10

A13

A15

T1

ALE

RESET

A14

P1.2

A9INT0

A8

WR

P1.7

P1.5P1.4

A12A11

RD

DC2

WR

A1

PSEN

P1.7

D7

D2

A1

D1

D5D4D3

A0

D0

D6

T1

A15

RAMOE

INT0 INT1

A14

D5

A13

D5

D0

D6

A10

D1

A7 A7

D2

A8

D6

A9

A0 A0

GPIO1

D0

D6

D2D1

D5D4

D2

D0

D1

D6A5 A5A4 A4

D3

D7

A2 A2

D3

D7

D4

D3D2

D3

D7A6 A6

A1 A1

ALE

D0

D4

A12

D7

D1

D5

A3 A3

A11

D4

RAMOERAMCE

*RESET

VCC

D4D3

D0

PORT1

D2

PORT2

D6

D1

PORT0

D7

LCD_E

D5

TxD

RXD

VCC

TXD

RXD

LCD_E

CARRY_FLAG

RESET

VCC

+5V

VCC +5V VCC

+5V

+5V VCC

+5V

+5V

VCC

+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

VCC

+5V

R110K

D5D4

J3

CON3

123

D3

LED 3mm

C160.1uF

D2

D9

1N5236A

D1

C140.1uF

D13

1N4007

12

Q3

KIA7042

1

2

3

+C9

10uF 16V

U1

74HC573

111

20

1918171615141312

23456789

OELE

VCC

1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q

1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D

U5

8051 compatible MCU/with 8-32kB monitor

31

19

18

9

12131415

12345678

3938373635343332

2122232425262728

171629301110

EA/VP

X1

X2

RESET

INT0INT1T0T1

P1.0/T2P1.1/T2XP1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6P0.7

P2.0P2.1P2.2P2.3P2.4P2.5P2.6P2.7

RDWR

PSENALE/P

TXDRXD

C130.1uF

VB1

SUB-D 9, Male (cross cable)

594837261

+

C210uF+

C110uF 10V

S28

INTERRUPT1

C170.1uF

C150.1uF

J1DC input

1

2

JR1

CONN RECT 16

12345678910111213141516

123456789

10111213141516

+ C3

10uF

+ C8100uF

U2HM62256B

109876543

25242123

226

1

202227

1112131516171819

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14

CEOEWE

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

D11

TVS5V_SOD123

R2 10

C180.1uF

R5 2k

TP1

+5V 1

+

C4

10uF

+ C710uF 10V

R410K

1 3

2

D15

LED

D12

POWER

Q111.0592MHz

U6

GAL16V8B

111

1213141516171819

23456789

I/CLKI/OE

I/O/QI/O/QI/O/QI/O/QI/O/QI/O/QI/O/QI/O/Q

IIIIIIII

U4

MAX232A

138

1110

1345

2

6

129

147

R1INR2IN

T1INT2IN

C+C1-C2+C2-

V+

V-

R1OUTR2OUT

T1OUTT2OUT

D10

Debug LED

C12

0.1uF

R3330

S27

INTERRUPT0

TP2

GND 1

+C10

1000uF 16V

U7LM7805/TO

1

2

3 VIN

GN

D

VOUT

S1 RESET

C530pF

D8

C6

30pF

D7

U3

74HC573

111

20

1918171615141312

23456789

OELE

VCC

1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q

1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D

D6

JP1

HEADER 20X2

1 23 45 67 89 1011 1213 1415 1617 1819 2021 2223 2425 2627 2829 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 40

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

0x200

0x201

7-segment test

0x01

0x202

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2 2Wednesday, November 18, 2015

Title

Size Document Number Rev

Date: Sheet of

D5

D3

D3

PC5

D1

PA1

D7

D3

C

D7

PC4

E

D7E

PC2

D4

PC3

PA3

PA3

B

D4

SPEAKERPC7

PC5

PC3

GC

PA4

PC0

PC1

G

A

D2

PC4

D2

F

A

D

PC5

PC4

SPEAKER

PA2

D1

PA1

D

PA0

G

D5

D3PC0PC1

D5

DP

PA2

PA0

D4

D6

D6

DP

D6

PC3

D7

PC1

D1PC0

PC2

PA7

D2

PA5

DP

D4

F

D

D5

E

PC2

D0

CD2D1

D6PA7

B

B

A

PA6

F

D0

D0

D0

PA6PA5PA4

D0

D6D7

PORT1RESET

PORT0

VCC

PORT2

D1

D4D3

D5

D2

CARRY_FLAG

VCC+5V

+5V

VCC

VCC

VCC

VCC

VCC

S24 S25

U9

LTC-4727JR

141613

35

1115

7

1 2 6 8

4

ABCDEFGDP

DIG

IT1

DIG

IT2

DIG

IT3

DIG

IT4

L1L2L3

S26

S20R9

10

LS1

SPEAKER

U10

74HC573

111

20

1918171615141312

23456789

OELE

VCC

1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q

1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D

S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

C

R1010k RESISTOR SIP 912

3456789

S7R7

4.7k

C

R610k RESISTOR SIP 912

3456789

S8 S9 S10 S11 S12

U11

74HC573

111

20

1918171615141312

23456789

OELE

VCC

1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q

1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D

S13

U12

74HC541

23456789

119

1817161514131211

20

A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8

G1G2

Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7Y8

VCC

S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19

S21

Q2BC557

1

2

3

J2

CON3

123

S22

U8

LTC-4727JR

141613

35

1115

7

1 2 6 8

4

ABCDEFGDP

DIG

IT1

DIG

IT2

DIG

IT3

DIG

IT4

L1L2L3

S23

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

PLD equation/* *************** INPUT PINS *********************/PIN 2 = RD; PIN 3 = WR; PIN 4 = RESETL; PIN 5 = A8; PIN 6 = A9; PIN 7 = A10; PIN 8 = A15; PIN 9 = PSEN; PIN 1 = A0; PIN 11 = A1;

/* *************** OUTPUT PINS *********************/PIN 12 = RAMCE; PIN 13 = RESETH; PIN 14 = GPIO1; PIN 15 = RAMOE; PIN 16 = LCD_E; PIN 17 = PORT0; PIN 18 = PORT1; PIN 19 = PORT2;

RAMCE = !A15;

RAMOE = !A15 # (RD & PSEN);

RESETH = !RESETL;

!GPIO1 = WR # A15 # A10 # A9 # !A8 # A1 # A0;

!LCD_E = (RD & WR) # A15 # A10 # A9 # A8;

PORT0 = RD # A15 # A10 # !A9 # A8 # A1 # A0;

!PORT1 = WR # A15 # A10 # !A9 # A8 # A1 # !A0;

!PORT2 = WR # A15 # A10 # !A9 # A8 # !A1 # A0;

PLD CHIP GAL16V8D <Doc> 1

PLD equation

A

1 1Wednesday, November 18, 2015

Title

Size Document Number Rev

Date: Sheet of

NOTE

25