8110 - Multiphasefinal ISHM

7/30/2019 8110 - Multiphasefinal ISHM

1/18

6100

NWEXKQM@ZG NG@ZWVGNGDXJe`ss #=001.0

Qmkekp @ E`wrgdjg.J`ngrbd _èvg & Ng`surgngdt Zystgns,

Mbustbd, Xgx`s.@fstr`jt

Xmg ng`surgngdt bo myhrbj rfbd oebws tm t `rg ud-prbjgssgh ks fgjbnkdi nbrg wkhg-sprg`h kd tmg bke `dh i`s prbhujtkbd kdhustry. Nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs `rg kd n`dy j`sgs kdtgir tghkdtb tmg jbdjgptuè hgskid bo dgw okgeh hgvgebpngdts `dh èsb rgtrbokttgh kd jgrt`kd n`turgokgehs wgrg rgqukrgh.

Mbwgvgr, tmg tgrn n u e t k - p m ` s g oebw jbvgrs ` muig r`dig bo oebw p r`ngtgrs `dhjbdhktkbds. Ng`surkdi tmgsg v`rkbus oebw typgs m`s prbvgd tb fg ` n`cbr jmèegdig tb tmgbke `dh i`s kdhustry `dh kts bpgr`tbrs.

Hug tb tmg rge`tkvgey rgjgdt `rrkvè bo nuetkpm`sg tgjmdbebikgs, `dh, tmg sggnkdiey jbnpegx `dhprbprkgt`ry d`turg bo tmgsg hgvkjgs, jbupegh wktm n`dy bpgr`tkbdè hgt`kes dbt fgkdi hkvueigh br

prbprkgt ry, tmgrg ks botgd ` e`jl bo tgjmdkj e udhgrst`dhkdi `nbdist tmg bpgr tbrs `dh usgrs.

Hgokdktkbds `dh tgrnkdbebiy usgh kd n u e t k -p m ` s g o e b w ` d h w g t -i ` s o e b w (jbnnbdey`jjgptgh `s ` suf-sgt bo nuetkpm`sg ng`surgngdt) wkee fg hgsjrkfgh kd tmks 6100 KZMN p`pgr.

Xmgrg wkee fg sbng kdobrn`tkbd bd tmg f`skj rgqukrgngdts obr nuetkpm`sg ngtgrkdi. Nuetkpm`sgoebw p`ttgrds `dh tmg ngtmbhs bo prghkjtkdi tmgn `rg èsb gxpe`kdgh.

@d bvgrvkgw bo sbng jbnnbd nuetkpm`sg ngtgrkdi prkdjkpegs wkee èsb fg smbwd kd tmg p`pgr.

Nuetkpm`sg Oebw Ngtgrs(NQON)

Nuetkpm`sg Oebw Ngtgrs (NQON) sp`d n`dy hkoogrgdt hgskids kd `d `ttgnpt tb `jmkgvg tmg rkimt`dswgr !- @ rgprgsgdt`tkvg nuetk-oeukh oebw r`tg ng`surgngdt tm`t ks rgpg`t`feg.

N`dy prgvkbus hgskids bo oebw ngtgr m`vg usgh gxtgdskvg `dh prbprkgty sekp `dh Q_X nbhgekditm`t m`s wbrlgh bd sbng bjj`skbds `dh dbt wbrlgh kd btmgrs.

Xmg prkn`ry rg`sbd obr sbng nuetkpm`sg ngtgr pgrobrn`djg o`keurgs ks sbngtkngs `d bvgr-rg`jmkdi bo n`duo`jturgrs pgrobrn`djg je`kns tm`t `rg rgèey bdey vk`feg wktmkd ` sgt bo Oeukh /Q_X/ or`jtkbd p`r`ngtgrs f`sgh usuèey bd jbdjgptuè rgsgrvbkr h`t`.

Xmks lkdh bo rgsgrvbkr h`t` j`d fg spgjue tkvg kd sbng j`sgs, wktm nbrg nbhgrd tgjmdkqugsmbwgvgr, rgè tkng wgee h`t` `dèysks ks igttkdi fgttgr.

Bdg n cbr bfst`jeg kd nuetkpm`sg ng`surgngdt ks tb s tksoy tmg dggh obr jbrrgjt vgebjktyng`surgngdt kd ` nuetkpm`sg hgvkjgs ngtgr tmrb`t, wmkest hgvgebpkdi ` rgpg`t`feg hgtgrnkd`tkbd

obr tmg jbnpbsktkbd bo tmg oeukhs hurkdi jm`dikdi jbdhktkbds.

Xmks H.Q. ng`surgngdt ks ` n`cbr p`rt bo n`dy nuetkpm`sg ngtgr hgskids, `dh ks bdg prkn`ryngtmbh usgh tb hgtgrnkdg tmg vgebjkty kd tmg ngtgrkdi sgjtkbd `dh obrns tmg f`sks orbn wmkjmbtmgr h`t ks jbnp`rgh br jbrrge tgh tb kt ks botgd usgh kd jbdcudjtkbd wktm vgry spgjk e sekpnbhges tb n`tmgn`tkjèey jbnpgds`tg kd rgè tkng obr tmg hkoogrgdjgs kd supgrokjkè oeukh vgebjktkgstmus gd`fekdi

@ V g `s b d ` f eg @ d s w g r !


2/18

6100

Nuetkpm`sg, Xwb - Qm`sg, `dh Ygt I`s Oebws

Xmg r`dig bo oebw jbdhktkbds typkjèey e`fgegh `s nuetkpm`sg oebw `dh hgokdgh fy tmg myhrbj`rfbdprbhujtkbd kdhustry ks e`rig. Xmgsg oebw typgs j`d fg nkxgs bo myhrbj`rfbd ekqukhs, orgsm br sèkdg

w`tgr, mkim tgnpgr`turg stg`n jbdhgds`tg, d`turè i`sgs (`dh btmgr kdgrt i`s jbnpbdgdts).

Xmgrg n`y èsb fg s`dh, myhr`tgs, sueour, kjg jrystès w`x, gtj. (ètbigtmgr hkookjuet stuoo tb ngtgr!)

Xmg tgrns nuetkpm`sg oebw, twb pm`sg oebw `dh wgt i`s oebw `rg usgh gxtgdskvgey tb hgsjrkfg `dòbrgngdtkbdgh jbnfkd`tkbd bo tmgsg oebws typgs.

Yktm db jurrgdt kdtgrd`tkbdèey `jjgptgh nuetkpm`sg ng`surgngdt st dh`rh hgokdkdi wm tprgjksgey tmg tgrns `dh hgsjrkptkbds ng`d tmgrg ks botgd irg`t jbdouskbd.

Hkoogrgdt bri`dkz tkbds `dh kdhkvkhu es usg tmgsg tgrns `dh hgsjrkptkbds kd w`ys tm`t `rg dbt tmgs`ng. Kd 611? C`nkgsbd suiigstgh tm`t kdhustry smbueh `hbpt tmg tgrn Wd-Zgp`r`tgh oebw tbkdjeuhg èe myhrbj`rfbd prbhujtkbd oeukh oebws upstrg`n bo `dy prbjgss gqukpngdt .

Wd-Zgp`r`tgh oebw ks ` tgrn tm`t j`d hgsjrkfg `dy oebw wmgtmgr kt ks ` skdieg pm`sg mbnbigdbus(oueey nkxgh) oebw br dbt. Mbwgvgr, gvgd ko kdhustry `hbpts tmks tgrn tmgrg ks stkee jbdskhgr`fegsjbpg obr jbdouskbd wmgd trykdi tb hgokdg suf-sgts bo ud-sgp`r`tgh oebw, k.g. twb pm`sg oebw,nuetkpm`sg oebw `dh wgt i`s oebw.

Okiurg 0.1 smbws ` pkjtbrkè suiigstgh hgokdktkbd obr ud-sgp`r`tgh, twb-pm`sg `dh nuetkpm`sgoebw hgokdktkbds suiigstgh fy Ztgvgd gt è \0^.

Oki 0.1, @ Qkjtbrkè _kgw bo tmg Ztgvgds Xwb-Qm`sg `dh Nuetkpm`sg Oebw Hgokdktkbd.

F`skj je`sskjè pmyskjs hgt`ke atmrgg st`tgs bo n`ttgr br pm`sgs3 sbekhs, ekqukhs `dh i`sgs. Ktjbueh tmgrgobrg fg rg`sbd`feg tb tmkdl tm`t tmg tgrn nuetkpm`sg oebw hgsjrkfgs ` oebw tm`t jbdt`kdsèe tmgsg tmrgg pm`sgs, k.g. sbekhs, ekqukhs `dh i`sgs. kt jbueh èsb fg ebikj eey `ssungh tmgd tm`ttmg tgrn twb pm`sg oebw wbueh fg usgh tb hgsjrkfg tmg oebw bo `dy jbnfkd`tkbd bo cust twbpm`sgs, k.g. i`s / sbekh, ekqukh / sbekh br i`s / ekqukh.!

Xmg vbj`fue`ry `dh tgrnkdbebiy tm`t m`s hgvgebpgh kd tmg myhrbj`rfbd prbhujtkbd kdhustry hbgsdbt strkjtey `hmgrg tb tmks je`sskjè `pprb`jm.

Igdgrèey kt m`s fgjbng tmg kdhustry dbrn tb hgsjrkfg oebws bo èe tmrgg pm`sgs, sbekhs, ekqukhs `dhi`sgs `s ` nuetkpm`sg oebw.

Kt m`s èsb fgjbng `jjgptgh tb hgsjrkfg ` oebw bo i`s `dh ekqukh wktm nuetkpeg ekqukh jbnpbdgdts`s ` nuetkpm`sg oebw. Kd o`jt, tmks ks sjkgdtkokjèey ` twb-pm`sg i`s / ekqukh oebw wktm nuetk ekqukhjbnpbdgdts.


3/18

6100

Xmgrg ks igdgrèey db sbekh pm`sg prgsgdt fut ygt kt ks e`fgegh ` Nuetkpm`sg Oebw.

(D.F .- Kt ks ènbst udkvgrsèey `jjgptgh tm`t d`turè i`s ks hgdbtgh `s skdieg pm`sg rgi`rhegss botmg dunfgr bo i`s jbnpbdgdts (nbeg or`jtkbds)prgsgdt kd tmg i`s.Nuetkpm`sg Ngtgrs

Oebw ngtgrs n`duo`jturgh `dh hgskidgh obr usg wktm tmgsg oebw typgs k.g. ` i`s / ekqukh twb-

pm`sg oebw wmgrg tmg ekqukh m`s nbrg tm`d bdg jbnpbdgdt, `rg j eegh fy tmg myhrbj`rfbdprbhujtkbd kdhustry usgrs nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs.

N`kdey nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs `rg usgh tb ngtgr oebws bo myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh, w`tgr `dh d`turè i`sbdey, tmgy hb dbt dbrnèey ng`surg `dy sbekh jbdtgdt gdtr`kdgh kd tmg i`s `dh ekqukh pm`sgs.

Xmks tgrnkdbebiy m`s èsb fgjbng `jjgptgh kd kdhustry, gvgd wmgd gdtr`kdgh sbekhs oebwkdi kd tmgprbhujtkbd ng`surgngdt jm`kd `rg prgsgdt tmgsg sbekhs `rg usuèey rge`tkvgey snèe `dh m`vg `bdey ` snèe googjt bd tmg nbrg nbhgrd nuetkpm`sg ngtgr tgjmdbebikgs.

Nuetkpm`sg ngtgr n`duo`jturgrs dbrnèey hgsjrkfg rge`tkvg ekqukh `dh i`s qu`dtktkgs uskdi tmgtgrn I_O. Xmks ks `d `jrbdyn obr I`s_beung Oebw V`tgOr`jtkbd. Xm`t ks, tmg I_O ks tmg r`tkbbo tmg i`s vbeung oebw r`tg tb tmg tbtè vbeung oebw r`tg `t prbjgss jbdhktkbds, smbwd kd gqu`tkbd--- 0 (fgebw)

Bdg bo tmg n`kd jbnpbdgdts kd ` nuetkpm`sg oeukh ks prbhujgh w`tgr wmkjm m`s tb fg hgtgrnkdghfy sbng ng`ds `s tmg I_O èbdg hbgs dbt `jjbudt obr tmg bvgrèe ekqukh jbnpbdgdt typgs. Xmks ksusuèey hgsjrkfgh `s tmg w`tgr jut (YJ) wmkjm ks hgokdgh `s tmg w`tgr vbeung tb tbtè ekqukhvbeung oebw r`tg `t st`dh`rh jbdhktkbds, `s smbwd kd gqu`tkbd --- 6.(fgebw)

Bpgr`tbrs `rg usuèey èsb vgry kdtgrgstgh kd tmg IBV (I`s Bke V`tkb) wmkjm ks tmg r`tkb bo tmgjbrrgjtgh i`s vbeung tb tmg jbrrgjtgh bke vbeung `t st`dh`rh jbdhktkbds. Xmks sbngtkngs jùsgsourtmgr jbdouskbd kd `ppekj tkbd bo ` nuetkpm`sg ngtgr skdjg n`duo`jturgrs j`d hgsjrkfg tmgNQON pgrobrn`djg f`sgh bd `jtuè jbdhktkbds `t tmg ngtgr ebj`tkbd r`tmgr tm`d jbrrgjtgh tbst`dh`rh jbdhktkbds `s ks usgh kd sgp`r`tbr bpgr`tkbd.

@ pbkdt tb rgngnfgr ks wmgtmgr tmg vbeung bo bke ks ng`surgh fgobrg br òtgr tmg i`s jbngs butbo sbeutkbd, skdjg tmg bke vbeung wkee smrkdl wmgd tmg i`s jbngs but , tmks tmgd j`d prbhujg twbIBVs usuèey jèegh IBV -0, orbn tmg sgp`r`tbr `dhIBV 6 orbn tmg stbjl t`dl br e`tgr kd tmgprbjgss.

Kd o`jt i`s hkssbeutkbd `dh bke vbeung smrkdlìg wkee m`ppgd `t n`dy stìgs hurkdi tmg p`tm bo tmg

myhrbj`rfbd strg`n orbn rgsgrvbkr tmrbuim tmg wgeefbrg `dh prbjgsskdi pe`dt tb gxpbrt. Obr ekimtbkes `dh rkjm i`s jbdhgds tgs tmg uetkn tg IBV bo tmg rgspgjtkvg gxpbrt strg`ns ks strbdieykdoeugdjgh fy tmg gookjkgdjy wktm wmkjm tmg prbjgsskdi pe`dt strkps ekqukhs orbn tmg i`s pm`sg.

Vgpbrtgh IBVs n`y fg èsb jèjue`tgh orbn gxpbrt vbeungs wmkjm n`y dbt fg `t st`dh`rhjbdhktkbds tb ourtmgr `hh tb tmg sjbpg obr tmg bpgr tbr grrbrs wmgd n`lkdi jbnp`r`tkvgng`surgngdts.! Xmks vgry o`jt ks ` lgy p`r ngtgr wmgd uskdi nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs tm`t `rgjèkfr tgh br sgt up uskdi ` st`fkekzgh myhrbj`rfbd `dh tmgd usgh kd tmg okgeh bd ` fuffey, br ekvgnuetkpm`sg oeukh.


4/18

6100

..

Xmg IBV ks usuèey ng`surgh kd jufkj oggt bo i`s pgr f`rrge bo bke br jbdhgds`tg. Br N: / N: kdtmg ngtrkj systgn Ko tmg IBV ks irg`tgr tm`d 01,111 Juot /ffe, tmgd tmg okgeh ks usuèey hgsjrkfgh `s` i`s wgee.

Ko egss tm`d 01,111, tmgd tmg okgeh ks igdgrèey hgsjrkfgh `s `d bke wgee

Y`tgr Ekqukh V`tkbXmg w`tgr ekqukh r`tkb (YEV) `dbtmgr tgrn usgh kd tmg kdhustry `dh ks tmg w`tgr vbeung tb tbtèekqukh vbeung oebw r`tg `t `jtuè jbdhktkbds.

Xmg usgrs `rg vgry o`nkek`r wktm sgp`r tbr bpgr`tkbd mbwgvgr sbngtkngs n`y m`vg ` hkookjuet tkngkd `hcustkdi tb tmg hkoogrgdt e`diuìg usgh fy n`duo`jturgrs.

Igdgr eey Nuetkpm`sg Oeukh Oebws j`d jbvgr ` e rig r dig bo 1% I_O 011% `dh 1% YJ 011%. Dbtg tm`t 1% YJ ng`ds tmg oeukh oebw m`s db w`tgr `dh tmg ekqukh ks tbtèey myhrbj`rfbdf`sgh.

Dbtg èsb tm`t jbdvgrsgey `d kdhkj`tkbd bo ` 011% YJ ng`ds tmg oebw m`s db myhrbj`rfbd ekqukhjbnpbdgdts `dh tmg ekqukh ks èe w`tgr.

Xmgsg jbdhktkbds `rg jèegh twb-pm`sg oebws wktm skdieg ekqukh jbnpbdgdts fut kd rgèkty tmgy `rgtrg`tgh `s nuetkpm`sg oebws wmgrg tmg qu`dtkty bo bdg ekqukh jbnpbdgdt m`ppgds tb fg zgrb

Ygt I`s

@ nuetkpm`sg oebw wktm ` snèe qu`dtkty bo ekqukh rge`tkvg tb tmg i`s ks igdgrèey jèegh ` Ygt I`s

Oebw usuèey up tb `rbudh ` 01% E_O br `d ]EN, up tb 1.:. ( KZMN Je`ss #0:61 hksjusgs tmg Ygt

I`s sufcgjt kd nbrg hgt`ke sb ` igdgrè bvgrvkgw wkee fg ngdtkbdgh mgrg )

Xmg ekqukh pm`sg bo ` wgt i`s oebw j`d fg gktmgr w`tgr, myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh br ` nkx bo fbtm. Ygti`s oebw ngtgrkdi rgsg`rjm m`s mkstbrkjèey fggd j`rrkgh but sgp`r`tgey tb igdgrè nuetkpm`sg oebwngtgrkdi `dh tmgrgobrg tmg pufeksmgh wbrl tgdhs tb usg ` hkoogrgdt p`r`ngtgr obr hgsjrkfkdi tmgrge`tkvg qu`dtktkgs bo i`s `dh ekqukh kd tmg oebw.

Xmg p`r`ngtgr igdgrèey usgh tb hgsjrkfg wgt i`s ks tmg Ebjlm rt & N`rtkdgeek p`r ngtgr,

usuèey hgdbtgh `s ]EN, `s ks smbwd kd gqu`tkbd -- :, (fgebw)

Xmg Ebjlm`rt & N`rtkdgeek Q`r ngtgr - ]E N.

Dbtg tm`t -ni`dh ne`rg smbwd `s tmg i`s `dh ekqukh n`ss oebw r`tgs rgspgjtkvgey `dh èsb e

&i rgspgjtkvgey rgprgsgdt tmg ekqukh `dh i`s hgdsktkgs.

Okiurg 6 , dgxt , smbws ` pkjtbrkè suiigstgh hgokdktkbd obr twb-pm`sg, nuetkpm`sg `dh wgt i`soebw suiigstgh prgvkbusey fy Ztgvgd gt è \0^ - KZMN 6101


5/18

6100

NQON Hgvgebpngdt

Nuetkpm sg ngtgrkdi hgskids kd tmg g rey yg rs tgdhgh tb fg hgskidgh obr ` r dig bo I_Os r tmgr tm dtmg ouee nuetkpm`sg r`dig, hurkdi tmks pgrkbh bpgr`tbrs `dh n`duo`jturgrs sm`rgh tmg rksl kdtgstkdi `dh prbhujkdi ` NQON `s tmg rksl w`s mkim obr dgw br st`rt-up hgskids.

@t tmg fgikddkdi usgrs wmgrg ` e`rig hrkvkdi obrjg kd mgepkdi n`duo`jturgrs tb st`rt tbprbhujg ngtgrs , fy CKQs cbkdt tgstkdi gtj, mbwgvgr bo e`tg tmg n`duo`jturgrs m`vgbft`kdgh jbnngrjkè tr`jtkbd tb hgskid n`duo`jturg hgvgebp `dh tgst NQONs udhgr tmgkrbwd okd`djgs, tmg mkstbry ks vgry rgjgdt kd tgrns bo igdgrè nbhgrd oebw ngtgr hgvgebpngdt.Oki : .(fgebw).

Oki : _`rkbus ngtgrs hgvgebpngdt tkng ekdg tb knpegngdt`tkbd

N`dy hgskids `rg `v`ke`feg kdvbevkdi ouee nuetkpm`sg oeukh ng`surgngdt `dh sbng hgskids`rg uskdi p`rtkè sgp`r`tkbd wktm NQON gegngdts `tt`jmgh. Xmks ks bdg rg`sbd wmy kt j`d fghkookjuet tb cuhig wm`t ks fgst obr tmg cbf! -Oki 8.1 (fgebw)

Wsuèey sgegjtkbdbo ` NQON m`vg fggd hgrkvgh orbn `d gxpgrkgdtkè br o`nkek`rey `pprb`jmètmbuim tmgrg ks db bdg sbeutkbd obr èe oebw jbdhktkbds p`rtkjue`rey `t vgry mkim I_Os. !

G`rey Hgskid @ttgnpts

@ jbnnbd p`r`ngtgr g`rey bd kd tmg NQON hgvgebpngdt w`s tm`t tmg ngtgr w`s tb fgusgh bdey kd tmg r`dig I_O =1%. Zb, I_O vèugs 4 =1% wgrg st`tgh tb fg ` spgjkèj`sg, e`fgegh fy nuetkpm`sg ngtgr n`duo`jturgrs `s wgt i`s oebw, `dh but wktm tmg sjbpg botmgsg st rt-up nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs `ppekj tkbd. Xmks w`s hug tb tmg pmgdbngd` bo ekqukh hrbp

but knnghk`tgey òtgr tmg H.Q vgebjkty ngtgr wmkjm ks usgh obr psguhb-nkxkdi kd n`dy hgskids.

Xmg ngtgrs sggngh tb ebsg pgrobrn`djg fy googjts bd hgdskty ng`surgngdt. hug tb tmg ebss kdsgdsktkvkty bo tmg I`nn` V`y hgdsktbngtgrs `t mkimgr I_Os tmgsg I`nn` hgvkjgs `rg obudhkd tmg n`cbrkty bo tmg NQONs.

Xmks n`hg w`y obr hgvkjgs tm`t bpgr`tg `t I_Os irg`tgr tm`d 4 =1% tmg wgt i`s oebw rgikngjùskdi tmg n`duo`jturgrs tb hgskid `dh n`duo`jturg obr tmks I_O rgikbd gvgd tmbuim kt kshkookjuet tb wbrl kd.


6/18

6100Zbng nuetkpm`sg n`duo`jturgrs prbhujgh wgt i`s ngtgr hgskids `dh obudh kt nbrg`pprbprk`tg tb usg tmg Ebjlm`rt N`rtkdgeek p`r`ngtgr r`tmgr tm`d tmg I_O tb hgskid tmgkr ngtgrs`rbudh

Cust `s tmg g`rey nuetkpm`sg ngtgr hgskids m`h udjgrt`kdtkgs ud`jjgpt`feg tb kdhustry `t I_Os4 =1% wgt i`s ngtgrs m`h udjgrt`kdtkgs ud`jjgpt`feg tb kdhustry `t ] EN 4 1.:.

Oki 8.1-Zbng NQONs Hgvkjgs Zmbwkdi ` Qegtmbr` bo tmg _`rkbus @pprb`jmgs.

Xmgrg ks db hkrgjt jbdvgrskbd fgtwggd I_O `dh ]EN udegss tmg i`s tb ekqukh hgdskty r`tkb ks

st`tgh (`s j`d fg sggd orbn gqu`tkbd :)

@rbudh tmg wbreh wmgrg tmgsg ngtgrs `rg usgh `t v`rykdi myhrbj rfbd prbhujtkbd prgssurgs kt ksjeg r tm`t ` Ebjlm`rt & N`rtkdgeek p`r ngtgr n x bo 1.: oèes kd tmg `pprbxkn tg r`dig bo =7% 5I_O 5 ;7%.

Mgrg ks ` pgrjgkvgh prbfegn kd tmgsg ngtgrs !

@ tgjmdbebiy i`p fgtwggd tmg uppgr I_O gdh bo tmg `v`ke`feg nuetkpm`sg ngtgr spgjkokj`tkbds`dh tmg ebwgr I_O gdh bo tmg wgt i`s ngtgr spgjkokj`tkbds.

Xmks i`p oèes kd `d `rg` wmgrg n`dy bo tmg wbrehs myhrbj rfbd prbhujtkbd oebws `rg dbw

bpgr`tkdi.

Kt ks je`kngh fy NQON n`duo`jturgrs tm t tmks i`p ks fgkdi sebwey jebsgh. Xmg trutm bo tmgn`ttgr ks tm`t tmks m`s fggd `jmkgvgh fy tmg nuetkpm sg ngtgr n`duo`jturgrs gxtgdhkdi tmgkruppgr I_O j`p`fkektkgs r`tmgr tm`d tmg wgt i`s n`duo jturgrs rghujkdi tmgkr I_O j`p`fkektkgs.

Bdg jbueh n`lg tmg j`sg tm`t tmg =1% 5 I_O 5 ;1% r dig bo nuetkpm sg oebw n y fg kd ` hkookjuetrgikbd obr èe tmg ngtgrkdi tgjmdbebikgs, gvgd ko n`duo`jturgrs je`kn kts `jmkgv`feg !

Xmg Okrst Nuetkpm`sg Ngtgr

Obr n`dy, yg`rs brkikdè nuetkpm`sg oebw ngtgrkdi w`s j`rrkgh but fy sgp`r tbrs !

Xmg udprbjgssgh oebw gdtgrgh ` e`rig sgp`r`tbr vgssge (fòoegh t`dl) `dh tmg ekqukh `dh i`sjbnpbdgdts wmgrg jùsgh tb sgp`r`tgh orbn g`jm btmgr fy ir vkty fy uskdi `d gxpgrkgdtk e

rgtgdtkbd tkng kd tmg vgssge.

Zkdieg pm`sg oebws (`ssungh) egot tmg sgp r`tbr èebwkdi skdieg pm`sg oebw ngtgrs tb fg usghusu eey bdg ngtgr pgr pm`sg. Oki 7.


7/18

6100

Oki 7 ` : Qm`sg Zgp`r`tbr f`skj sgtup skdieg rgsgrvbkr (Db NQON)

Xmg Hrkvg tb Nuetkpm`sg

Dungrbus rg sbds m`vg prbhujgh ` smkot tb hrkvg tmg dggh obr tmg ngtgrkdi bo nuetkpm sgprbhujtkbd oebws wktm `d NQON sujm `s -

`) Jbst bo tmg vgssges - vgry gxpgdskvg boosmbrg

f) Ebj`tkbd `dh obbtprkdt , rgpe`jgngdt bo n`turg systgn m`rhw rg, sgp`r`tbr vgssge udhgrskzg

j) Zkdieg pm`sg ngtgr kssugs `dh n`kdtgd`djg j`rry bvgr hug tb kdjrg`sgh kdput eb`h-dgw wgees !

h) Bpgr`tbr grrbrs - jm`dikdi wgee hyd`nkjs dbt sggd fy bpgr`tbr.

g) Zuf-sg` usìg sgp`r`tbrs hb dbt bpgr`tg bd tmg sg` fgh wgee.

o) Ygee tgst spggh tgst sgp`r`tbr 8-7 mrs , nuetkpm`sg ngtgr :1 -87 nkdutgs.

Oki 7f Jbdvgdtkbdè Zgp`r`tbr Zystgn

Jbdvgdtkbdè Zystgn


8/18

6100

Oki ?`- NQON & Zgp`r tbr Zgtup , Nuetkpeg Vgsgrvbkrs pbsskfeg wktm NQONs

Jèkfr`tkbd fy uskdi tmg tgst sgp`r`tbr tmgd f`jl tb okgeh wkhg sgp`r`tbr.

@eebj`tkbd Ng`surgngdt

@s myhrbj`rfbd prbhujts fgjbngs nbrg vèu`feg `dh n`kd rgsgrvbkr ìgs tmg bpgr`tbrs j`dhgjkhg tb `hh sgjbdh`ry oebws orbn s`tgeektg wgees vk` tmg usg bo NQONs

Xmgsg wgees wbueh dbt fg vk`feg ko tmgy rgqukrgh tmgkr bwd kdor strujturg. Mbwgvgr fy tykdi tmgsgsn ee, botgd nuetkpm`sg oebw prbhujkdi rgsgrvbkrs f`jl tb tmg n`kd rgsgrvbkrs sgp`r`tbr `s sggd kdOki ?`.

@jjgpt`feg wgee n`dìgngdt `dh ng`surgngdt j`d fg `jmkgvgh fy uskdi nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs kd`d èebj`tkbd ngtgrkdi systgn fy jèkfr`tkdi tmgn uskdi tmg gxkstkdi sgp`r tbr, wmkest tmg okdèng`surgngdt ks pgrobrngh `t ` justbhy egvge `t ` okgeh wkhg br fuel sgp`r`tbr ebj`tkbd.

Nuetk-Ygee wktm NZ_

@dbtmgr ngtmbh ks tb hkspgdsg wktm tmg tgst sgp`r`tbrs ètbigtmgr `dh èebj`tg hkrgjtey tb tmgwgees vk` ` NQON, ` fuel sgp`r`tbr `dh sgegjtbr vèvg systgn `s dgxt kd Oki?f.


9/18

6100

Oki ?f- @eebj tkbd uskdi ` Zgp`r`tbr `dh Nuetkpbrt Zgegjtbr _èvg (NZ_)

Xmg Khgè Nuetkpm sg Zgt Wp

Xmg p`d`jg` bo ` nuetkpm`sg sbeutkbd wbueh fg db sgp`r`tbrs `t tmg wgee mg`h , db tgstkdi `dhvèvg `hcustngdts , br sgegjtkdi bdg sgp`r`tbr pgr wgee bd ` wgee tgst fut cust okt tmg hgvkjgs tb tmgwgees `dh swktjm bd !

@ ektteg o`ktm ks rgqukrgh wmgd nbvkdi tb ` dbd wgee tgst sgp`r`tbr ngtmbhbebiy `dh kts up tb tmgn`duo jturgrs tb prbvg tm`t NQON hgvkjgs j`d wbrl s s`y kd tmg obeebwkdi khgè sgt up (Oki ?j)fgebw.

Bdg ngtgr wkee dbt okt èe jkrjunst djgs `dh sbng ngtgrs m`vg swggt spbts tm`t tmgy j`d bpgr`tg kd.Kt ks obr tmg usgrs tb fgekgvg tmg n`duo`jturgrs tm`t ` p`rtkjue`r hgvkjg wbrls `dh tmg n`duo`jturgrs

cbf tb prbvg tm`t tmgy wbrl fy mgepkdi tmg usgrs udhgrst dh mbw tmgy wbrl.

Oki ?j


10/18

6100Igdgrè Zgp`r`tbr Qgrobrn`djg

Igdgrèey kt wbueh fg gxpgjtgh tm`t tmg fgst ng`surgngdt udjgrt`kdty tm`t jbueh fg gxpgjtgh bdtmg i`s egi bo ` tgst sgp`r`tbr wbueh fg kd tmg rgikbd bo 6% tb :%.

Kt ks nbrg eklgey tb fg tmg j`sg mbwgvgr tm`t `d `vgrìg udjgrt`kdty nkimt fg kd tmg rgikbd bo :% tb?% wktm jbdtrkfutkbds orbn tmg sbng bo tmg prgvkbusey ngdtkbdgh kssugs sburjgs.

Kd gxtrgng j`sgs wmgrg nbst br èe bo tmg `fbvg kssugs jbdtrkfutg tb udjgrt`kdtkgs kt m`s fggdsuiigstgh fy kdhustry sburjgs tm`t kt ks pbsskfeg tb gdjbudtgr udjgrt kdtkgs up tb 4 07%.

Oki 9` Zgp`r tbr ruddkdi bl ! Oki 9f Zgp`r tbr wktm ekqukh j`rry bvgr dbt BL !(Jburtgsy @ZNG NOJ0;I) (Jburtgsy @ZNG NOJ0;I)

Nuetkpm sg Oebw Vikngs `dh Oebw Q`ttgrd N`ps

Xmg oebw p`ttgrd (sbngtkngs rgogrrgh tb `s oebw rgikng) hgsjrkfgs tmg pmyskjè hkspgrskbd bo tmg

oeukhs kd tmg pkpg.Xmgrg ks `s ygt db pr`jtkjè `j`hgnkj ngtmbh bo prghkjtkdi oebw p`ttgrds `jrbss v`rkbus oebwjbdhktkbds. N`dy v`rk`fegs `dh o`jtbrs j`d òogjt tmg oebw p`ttgrd kt ks dbt `d gx`jt sjkgdjg.

Xmgsg kdjeuhg pkpg brkgdt`tkbd `dh hkrgjtkbd bo oebw (g.i. vgrtkjè up br hbwd oebw), tmg i`s tb ekqukhoebw r`tg r`tkb, tmg pm`sg supgrokjkè vgebjktkgs, tmg ekqukh prbpgrtkgs, wmgtmgr tmgrg ks nbrg tm`dbdg ekqukh jbnpbdgdt, tmg i`s tb ekqukh hgdskty r`tkb, tmg tgnpgr`turg, tmg pkpg hk`ngtgr gtj..

Jurrgdtey oebw p`ttgrds `rg vkgwgh fy gxpgrkngdt `dh j`tgibrkzgh kdtb igdgrè typgs `s smbwd kdOki 9` & 9f

Okiurg =` - Hgpkjts typkjè oebw p`ttgrds `s smbwd kd tmg KZB XJ0;: @eebj`tkbd Xgjmdkj e Vgpbrt obrtwb-pm`sg oebw obr mbrkzbdtè oebw .

_grtkjè-Oebw Q`ttgrd N`p kd tmg upw`rh hkrgjtkbd ks sggd kd Oki =f . _grtkjè hbwd -oebw ks dbt

smbwd mgrg fut kt tgdhs tb fg ` nkst oebw. Xmgrg ks vgry ektteg h`t `dh pufeksmgh kdobrn`tkbd bdkdjekdgh pkpg oebw p`ttgrds.

Dbtg tm`t Okiurgs =` `dh =f smbw twb-pm`sg oebw wmgrg tmgrg ks bdg ekqukh jbnpbdgdt. Xmgrg ksvgry ektteg kd tmg ektgr turg tm`t hksjussgs twb-pm`sg oebw wktm twb ekqukh jbnpbdgdts-k.g. nuetkpm`sg oebw p`ttgrds `v`ke`feg orbn n`duo`jturgrs skdjg tmks ks usuèey prbprkgt`ry.

Zbng h`t` n`y gxkst kd jbdokhgdtkè rgpbrts kd nuetkpm`sg ngtgr n`duo`jturkdi jbnp`dkgs fut `sygt tmks kdobrn`tkbd ks dbt orggey `v`ke`feg, skdjg tmks h`t` ks usgs kd prbprkgty sekp nbhgekdi sbotw`rgkd sbng ngtgrs.


11/18

6100

Okiurg =` -Mbrkzbdt e Oebw Q ttgrd / Vgikng Oki =f - _grtkjè Oebw Q ttgrd N`pN`p (Jburtgsy KZB-XJ0;: YI0).

@ee oebw rgikngs mbwgvgr, j`d fg irbupgh kdtb hkspgrsgh oebw, sgp`r`tgh oebw, kdtgrnkttgdt oebwbr ` jbnfkd`tkbd bo tmgsg3-

Hkspgrsgh oebw ks jm r`jtgrkzgh fy ` udkobrn pm`sg hkstrkfutkbd kd fbtm tmg r`hk e `dh `xk ehkrgjtkbds. Gx`npegs bo sujm oebws `rg fuffeg oebw `dh nkst oebw.

Zgp`r`tgh oebw ks jm`r`jtgrkzgh fy ` dbd-jbdtkdubus pm`sg hkstrkfutkbd kd tmg r`hkè hkrgjtkbd `dh `jbdtkdubus pm`sg hkstrkfutkbd kd tmg `xkè hkrgjtkbd. Gx`npegs bo sujm oebws `rg str`tkokgh `dh`ddue`r

Kdtgrnkttgdt oebw ks jm`r`jtgrkzgh fy fgkdi dbd-jbdtkdubus kd tmg `xkè hkrgjtkbd, `dh tmgrgobrggxmkfkts ebjèey udstg`hy fgm`vkbr. Gx`npegs bo sujm oebws `rg gebdi`tgh fuffeg, jmurd `dh seuioebw.

Nuetkpm`sg Oebw Ngtgr Zgdsbr Xgjmdbebikgs `dh fukehkdi febjls

Nuetkpm`sg ngtgrkdi tgjmdbebikgs jbnprksg dbt cust bo skdieg hgvkjgs fut `rg n`hg up bov`rkbus ngtgrkdi tgjmdbebikgs strudi tbigtmgr kd ` spgjkèey hgskidgh systgn .Xmg sujjgss botmgsg tgjmdbebikgs cbkdgh `s ` wbrl`feg systgn ks wm t n`lgs ` ibbh nuetkpm`sg ngtgr.Fgebw `rg sbng bo tmg fukehkdi febjl tgjmdbebikgs tm t `rg usgh kd NQONs sgg Oki ;.

Oki ; Fukehkdi Febjl Gegngdts Wsgh kd N`dy NQON Hgskids


12/18

6100

Ekqukh Hbnkd`dt Nuetkpm`sg Zystgns

Kt w`s ngdtkbdgh g`rekgr tm`t nuetkpm`sg oebw gdjbnp`ssgs ` muig r`dig bo jbnpbdgdt oebws.

Xypkj eey, tmg r`dig bo I_O5=1% ks sggd `s igdgr e nuetkpm`sg ngtgrkdi `dh ` I_O4=1% kssggd, fy nuetkpm`sg ngtgr n`duo`jturgrs `t eg`st, `s wgt i`s oebw ngtgrkdi.

Xmg obeebwkdi ks `kngh `t tmg I_O 5 =1% tgjmdbebikgs, br ekqukh hbnkd`dt systgns, ètmbuim nuetkpm`sgngtgr hgskidgrs `rg dbw gxtgdhkdi tmgkr r`dig kdtb tmg wgt i`s oebw r`dig.

N`dy nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs `rg kdst eegh tb rgjgkvg vgrtkjè up oebw. Xmks mgeps `ssurg tmg oebw p`ttgrd kssynngtrkjè. Xmgsg ngtgrs m`vg ` Hkoogrgdtkè Qrgssurg (HQ) ngtgr hgskid `t tmgkr jbrg.

Zbng hgskids m`vg ` spgjkè H.Q `dh nkxgr gegngdt jbnfkdgh (_gdturk-Yghig) `dh hb dbt dggh tbusg vgrtkjè up wktm ` fekdh X `pprb`jm usgh obr nkxkdi purpbsgs bdey wktm ` F`skj _gdturk.

Oki 01` - _gdturk-Yghig(Ebw-Zekp)Q Wdkt Oki 01f-F`skj _gdturk wktm Fekdh X

Mbnbigdkzgh Oebw (Ebw Zekp)

Xmg _gdturk Yghig prkn`ry gegngdt (Oki01`) usgs ` jbnfkd`tkbd Q. gegngdt tb frkdi tmg nuetkpm`sgoebw tb ` jbnnbd vgebjkty (udkty) tmks ks tmg lgy o`jtbr kd bft`kdkdi ` nujm rghujgh sekp fgtwggd g`jm botmg pm`sgs tmks rgnbvgs tmg dggh obr spgjk e `dh jbnpekj`tgh sekp nbhgekdi.Xmg lgy gegngdt bo tmg ngtgr ks tmg spgjkèey hgvgebpgh nkxgr wmkjm mbnbigdksgs tmg oeukhs oebwkdi kdtmg ekdg. Xmks `jmkgvgs twb bfcgjtkvgs3

0. Xmg vgebjkty bo tmg oeukhs ks frbuimt tb ` skdieg vgebjkty orbn wm`t j`d fgtmrgg hkoogrgdt vgebjktkgs (bdg obr g`jm jbnpbdgdt< bke, i`s, w`tgr).

6. Xmg oeukhs `rg hkstrkfutgh gvgdey `jrbss tmg pkpg sgjtkbd.

Kt ks tmgd pbsskfeg tb ng`surg ` trug pm`sg or`jtkbd uskdi ` skdieg d`rrbw fg`n hgvkjg.

M`vkdi p`ssgh tmrbuim tmg nkxgr tmg mbnbigdksgh oebw p`ssgs tmrbuim tmg fg`n bo tmg huè gdgriyi`nn` pm`sg or`jtkbd ngtgr. Fy ng`surkdi tmg `fsbrptkbd bo twb hkoogrgdt gdgrikgs bo r`hk`tkbd kd tmgoebwkdi oeukh tmks kdstrungdt j`d hkstkdiuksm fgtwggd w`tgr `dh myhrbj`rfbd oeukhs kd tmg oebw. Fyjbnfkdkdi tmks kdobrn`tkbd wktm hgdskty h`t orbn tmg ldbwd Q_X (prgssurg-vbeung-tgnpgr turg)rge`tkbdsmkp obr tmg myhrbj`rfbd trug or`jtkbds bo bke, i`s `dh w`tgr `rg jèjue`tgh.

Oebw - :Qms


13/18

6100Xmg prgssurg hrbp br HQ (hkoogrgdtkè prgssurg) ng`surgh `jrbss tmg nkxgr prbvkhgs tmg f`sks obr vgebjktyhgtgrnkd tkbd tmrbuim ` sknpeg jèjue tkbd wmkjm kdvbevgs tmg ekqukh or`jtkbd orbn tmg hu e gdgriykdstrungdt.

Xmg hkoogrgdtkè prgssurg ng`surgh `jrbss tmg nkxgr prbvkhgs tmg f`sks obr hgtgrnkd`tkbd bo tmg fuelvgebjkty br tbtè supgrokjkè vgebjkty bo tmg oebwkdi oeukh, _X. Xmg rge`tkbdsmkp usgh èsb kdvbevgs tmg ekqukhor`jtkbd, G

Ewmkjm ks bft`kdgh orbn tmg huè gdgriy kdstrungdt. Xmg gqu`tkbd ks bo tmg obrn3

HQ > l(_X6

GE)

Ymgrg l ks ` jbdst`dt.

Okiurg 01` smbws tmg sknpeg hgskid wmkjm w`s hgvgebpgh gnpkrkjèey `t Knpgrkè Jbeegig Ebdhbd kd tmgWL kt w`s hgskidgh tb mbnbigdkzg tmg nuetkpm`sg oebw wmkjm ks bdg lgy o`jtbr kd hgskidkdi ` ngtgr wktmibbh è rbudh pgrobrn`djg.

Xmks typg bo hgvkjg smbws sbng prbnkskdi rgsuets kd tmg ?1-91% I_O r`dig wmkjm ks jbdskhgrgh tb fg `swggt spbt!

Xmg ir`pmkjè h`t fgebw smbws mbw tmg ngtgr rg`jts tb nuetkpm`sg oebws `dh tmg jèjue tkbd usghrge`tkdi H.Q. tb oebw r`tg. (Okis-00 tmrbuim06.)

Oki 00 XW_/DGE - HQ / Nuetkpm`sg Oeukh _gebjkty.

1

61

81

?1

=1

011

061

081

0?1

0=1

611

1 7 01 07 61 67 :1

Vki Xbtè_gebjktyT6 x Vki Ge

(n/s)T6

Hkoogrgdtk`

eQrgssurglQ`

6/: Qm`sg DGE

Y tgr

Bke

6/: Qm`sg Xrgj tg


14/18

6100

Oki 06

Xmg F`skj _gdturk (Oki 01f) rgekgs bd tmg Fekdh X ngtmbh tb try tb prbhujg ` nkxgh gdtry kdtb tmg ngtgrtmrb t. Xmgsg typgs bo ngtgr rgey bd sekp nbhgekdi tgjmdkqugs tb bft kd ` jbrrgjtgh `dswgr obr fuelvgebjkty.Xmg HQ ks rg`h orbn tmg fuel oebw `dh ks bdg bo tmg kdputs tb ` prbprkgty oebw jbnputgr pm`sg oebwr`tg jèjue`tkbd ngtmbh. Btmgr h`t` kdputs tb ` nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs pm`sg oebw jèjue`tkbd v`ry fut `rgtypkjèey n`hg up kdobrn`tkbd orbn hgdsktbngtry, btmgr pm`sg or`jtkbd hgvkjgs `dh pbsskfey jrbssjbrrge`tkbd.

Hgdsktbngtry Zkdieg `dh Huè Gdgriy Zburjgs

@ mkim gdgriy i`nn` sburjg `dh ` sjkdtkee`tkbd jbeund jbudtgr ks tmg ngtmbh usgh kd n`dy NQONs tbhgtgrnkdg tmg oeukh hgdsktkgs.. @s tmg i`nn` r`ys p`ss tmrbuim ` oeukh nghkun tmgrg ks sbng

`ttgdu tkbd. Xmg hgdsgr tmg nghkun tmg irg`tgr tmg `ttgdu`tkbd.

Xmg sburjg sgdhs ` jbeekn tgh fg`n tmrbuim tmg oeukh usuèey vk` ` spgjkèey gdikdggrgh jbnpbsktgn`tgrkè (QGGL) tmks èebws tmg fg`n tb p`ss wktmbut ` ebt bo hgir`h`tkbd. Xypkjèey `s pgr Oki 0:fgebw

Oki 0: - _gdturk-Yghig Nuetkpm sg Zystgn (Huè Gdgriy Zystgn)

Zburjg Fg`n

Zjkdtkee`tkbd

Jbeund

OEBY


15/18

6100@ mkim gdgriy i`nn` r`y sburjg wkee ng`surg tmg fuel hgdskty bo ` oebw. Kt smbueh fg rgngnfgrgh tm`t tmksng surgngdt ks `jrbss tmg ekdg bo skimt bo tmg hgvkjg `dh tmks tmgrgobrg ks wmy ` synngtrkj e nkxghoebw p`ttgrd ks hgskr`feg.

Zògty

Xmg hgskid bo tmg sburjg jbdt`kdngdts kd n`dy hgvkjgs ks vgry sòg `dh rbfust .Zgjurkty ks usuèey

prbvkhgh fy ebjl`feg `rnkdi / hks`rnkdi smuttgrs tb prgvgdt gxpbsurg wmgd tmg sburjg ks kd tr`dspbrt.Wsuèey tmg sburjg kd kdstèegh òtgr tmg ngtgr m`s fggd kdstèegh kd tmg pkpg tmgd tmg jbeekn`tbr j`d fgnbvgh kdtb pbsktkbd (usuèey fy ` egvgr) wmkjm ks jbddgjtgh ngjm`dkjèey tb tmg smuttgr systgn. Zbnghgvkjgs m`vg spgjkè ebjls kd `hhktkbd tb tmg st`dh`rh systgn typgs.

Xmgrg `rg kdtgrd`tkbdè ruegs obr m`dhekdi tmgsg sburjgs, `dh stòo kdstèekdi tmg hgvkjgs m`vg tb `ttgdhtr`kdkdi `dh fg jgrtkokgh fy ` r`hkbebikjè jgrtkoykdi ùtmbrkty kd tmg jbudtry bo usg.

Yktm ` nuetkpm`sg oebw (k.g. myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh, w`tgr `dh i`s) kt j`d fg usgoue tb usg ` jbnfkd`tkbdbo nuetkpeg i`nn` r`y gdgriy sburjgs, tm`t ks, `) mkim `dh f) rge`tkvgey ebw gdgriy. (Huè Gdgriy)

Ymgrg`s tmg mkim gdgriy i`nn` r`y hgvkjg ks sgdsktkvg tb tmg hkoogrgdjg fgtwggd i`s `dh ekqukhpm`sgs kt ks rge`tkvgey kdsgdsktkvg tb tmg hkoogrgdjg fgtwggd ekqukh jbnpbdgdts.

Xmg ebw gdgriy i`nn` r`y hgvkjg prbhujgs twb hkoogrgdt ebw gdgriy i`nn` r`ys wmkjm fbtm m`vg `

nujm ebwgr gdgriy egvge p`ssgh tb tmg hgdsktbngtgr (k.g. tmg mkim gdgriy i`nn` r`y hgvkjg).

Xmg `ttgdu tkbd bo tmgsg twb hkoogrgdt ebw gdgriy i`nn` r`ys ks sgdsktkvg tb tmg ekqukh jbnpbdgdts.Jbnfkdkdi tmg mkim `dh ebw gdgriy i`nn` r`y hgvkjgs jrg`tgs ` tgjmdkqug jèegh nuetkpeg gdgriyi`nn` r`y spgjtrbsjbpy. Xmks tgjmdkqug prbhujgs ` trk dieg `s smbwd Okiurg 08`. & 08f ( dgxt ).

Oki 08` Nuetk-gdgriy pm`sg or`jtkbd hgvkjg Oki 08f. Googjts bo sèkdkty bd pm`sg or`jtkbd.

Obr tmg kdhkvkhuè j`sgs bo tmg oebw `jrbss tmg i`nn` r`y hgvkjgs ekdg bo skimt fgkdi ` skdieg oeukh, k.g.i`s, w`tgr `dh myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh rgspgjtkvgey, tmg tmrgg jbrdgrs bo tmg trk`dieg `rg sgt.

@ee nuetkpm`sg oebws (k.g. oebws bo i`s, w`tgr `dh myhrbj`rfbd ekqukhs) wkee ikvg rgsuets tm`t oèe kdskhgtmg trk`dieg. Oebws wktm `dy twb bo tmg tmrgg oeukhs wkee ikvg rgsuets tm`t oèe bd tmg trk`diegs fbrhgr. KdOkiurg 08` - dbtg tm`t tmg r`tkb bo tmg hkst`djg fgtwggd tmg i`s pbkdt `dh tmg w`tgr / myhrbj`rfbd ekqukhekdg ks n`rlgh `s tmg i`s vbkh or`jtkbd (`jrbss tmg hgvkjgs ekdg bo skimt).

Xmgrg ks ` tgdhgdjy obr tmks tb fg jèegh tmg I_O !


16/18

6100Dbtg kt ks bdey tmg I_O ko tmg ekdg bo skimt ks rgprgsgdt`tkvg bo tmg wmbeg oebw p`ttgrd `dh tmgrg ks db sekpfgtwggd tmg pm`sgs. Eklgwksg tmg r`tkb bo tmg hkst`djg fgtwggd tmg w`tgr `dh myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh ksn`rlgh `s tmg w`tgr jut fut wktm `d

Xmks kdhkj`tgs tm`t kt ks tmg r`tkb bo tmg w`tgr tb tbtè ekqukh vbeung `jrbss tmg ekdg bo skimt bo tmg hgvkjg.

Xmgrg ks db pm`sg oebw r`tg kdobrn`tkbd `tt`kdgh orbn tmks st`dh èbdg hgvkjg `dh mgdjg kt ks dbt

dgjgss`rkey tmg nuetkpm`sg oebws trug w`tgr jut. Kt wbueh bdey fg tmg `jtuè w`tgr jut ko ì`kd tmg ekdg boskimt ks rgprgsgdt`tkvg bo tmg wmbeg oebw p`ttgrd `dh tmgrg ks db sekp fgtwggd tmg ekqukh pm`sgs, mgdjg tmgdggh tb try tb mbnbigdkzg tmg oebw.

Kd rgèkty tmks kdobrn`tkbd ks `hhgh tb tmg oebw jbnputgr, wktm tmg fuel HQ orbn tmg prkn ry gegngdt, obrtmg prbprkgty jbrrge`tkbds f`sgh bd oebw nbhgekdi `dh gxtgdskvg h`t` sgts tb hgrkvg tmg `jtuè pm`sg oebwr`tgs.

Dbtg, tmg sèkdkty vèug bo w`tgr j`d òogjt tmg nuetkpeg gdgriy i`nn` r`y spgjtrbsjbpy trk`dieg fysmkotkdi tmg w`tgr bdey pbkdt.

Xmks ks smbwd `s `d `pprbxkn`tg slgtjm kd Okiurg 08f Xmgrgobrg sèkdkty smkots ks ` skidkokj`dt jmèegdig tbnuetkpm`sg ngtgr hgskidgrs.

Nuetkpm`sg Z`npekdi ks èsb `d bptkbd wmkjm j`d igdgr`tg ` dgw sgt bo jmèegdigs.

Btmgr Qm`sg Or`jtkbd Hgvkjgs (Nkjrbw`vg @ttgdu`tkbd `dh Hkgegjtrkj Qrbpgrty Ng`surgngdts)

Xmg jbnnbd pm`sg or`jtkbd hgvkjgs `rg nkjrbw`vg `ttgdu`tkbd `dh hkgegjtrkj prbpgrty (k.g. jbdhujtkvktybr j`p`jkt`djg) ng`surgngdt. Xmg tgjmdkjè hgt`kes `dh kd hgptm bpgr`tkbd bo tmgsg hgvkjgs `rg o`r tbjbnpegx obr tmg p`pgr fut ` frkgo hgsjrkptkbd bo g`jm ks dbw ikvgd.

Oki 07 Nuetkpm sg Oebw Xrk`dieg @ZNG NOJ0;.

Xmg ng`surgngdt bo nuetkpm`sg oebws rge tkvg hkgegjtrkj jbdst`dt (br tmg pgrnkttkvkty) fynkjrbw`vg br j`p`jkt`djg sgdsbrs j`d ikvg kdobrn`tkbd rgi`rhkdi tmg w`tgr jbdtgdt bo ` s`kh oebw skdjg tmg pgrnkttkvkty bo ` myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh `dh w`tgr ks skidkokj`dtey hkoogrgdt.


17/18

6100

Oki 0? Jrbss Jbrrge`tkbd Ngtmbhbebiy

Xmgsg pgrnkttkvkty tgjmdkqugs bpgr`tg kd myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh jbdtkdubus / w`tgr jbdtkdubus br wgt i`soebws. (Myhrbj`rfbd Ekqukh jbdtkdubus oebw kdhkj`tgs ` myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh oebw wmgrg w`tgr hrbpegts`dh / br i`s fuffegs `rg suspgdhgh.) J`p`jkt`djg sgdsbrs m`vg fggd usgh `s sknpeg w`tgr kdhkj`tbrs(tb egt pkpgekdg bpgr`tbrs ldbw wmgd w`tgr ks prgsgdt).

J`p`jkt`djg br nkjrbw`vg sgdsbrs `rg èsb utkekzgh wktm nbrg sbpmkstkj`tgh ngtmbhbebikgs, wgrg tmgy `rgp`rt bo ` e`rigr nuetkpm`sg ngtgr systgn ng`surkdi w`tgr juts. J`p`jkt`djg br nkjrbw`vg sgdsbrs `rgèsb utkekzgh wktm nbrg sbpmkstkj`tgh ngtmbhbebikgs, wgrg tmgy `rg p`rt bo ` e`rigr nuetkpm`sg ngtgrsystgn ng`surkdi w`tgr juts.

Dbtg tm t tmgrg ks ` pbkdt `t wmkjm tmg w`tgr jbdtkdubus rgikbd `dh bke jbdtkdubs rgikbds j`d swktjmr`pkhey, tmks j`d upsgt sbng w`tgr jut hgvkjgs , kt ks pruhgdt tb `sl tmg qugstkbd tb tmg n`duo`jturgr wgrgtmg prbspgjtkvg hgvkjg wbueh bpgr tg ;1% w`tgr jut , ?1% - 81% gtj, ` pbsskfeg bpgr tkbdè prbfegn`rg` !

Okiurg 07 smbws ` hkìr`n kdktkèey prgsgdtgh fy C`nkgsbd WL `dh tmgd smbwd kd @ZNG NOJ 0;wmgrg tmg wgt i`s nuetkpm`sg rgikbd ks kdhkj`tgh kd rgh . Xmg oebw p ttgrds `rg smbwd `s sbnggx`npegs èbdiskhg tmg trk`dieg `dh `rg dbt ng dt tb fg usgh `s tmg bdey oebw rgikngs pbsskfeg.

Ko tmg nuetkpm`sg oebw ks w`tgr jbdtkdubus tmg pgrnkttkvkty ng`surgngdt ks kdgoogjtkvg. (Y`tgr jbdtkdubus

oebw kdhkj`tgs ` w`tgr oebw wmgrg myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh hrbpegts `dh / br i`s fuffegs `rg suspgdhgh.) Kd tmks oebwjbdhktkbd ` ng`surgngdt bo tmg fuel jbdhujtkvkty fy kdhujtkvg ngtmbhs ks nbrg sujjgssoue kd ikvkdi usg`fegkdobrn`tkbd obr ` nuetkpm`sg ngtgr oebw jbnputgrs jbrrge`tkbds.

Xmg trk`dieg smbws tmg tr`dsktkbd fgtwggd bke / myhrbj`rfbd ekqukh `dh w`tgr jbdtkdubus oebws `t `rbudh` 77 tb 91% w`tgr jut. D.F. Xmks ks dbt gxpgjtgh tb fg t`lgd `s prgjksg. Obr gx`npeg tmg D`tkbdèGdikdggrkdi E`fbr`tbry kd tmg W.L. st`tg3 Xmg kdvgrskbd pbkdt ks tmg w`tgr or`jtkbd kd tmg ekqukh pm`sgwgrg tmg hkstrkfutkbd swktjmgs orbn bke-jbdtkdubus tb w`tgr - jbdtkdubus `dh kt ks usuèey fgtwggd 81%`dh ?1% w`tgr jut, hgpgdhkdi bd tmg oeukhs `dh jbnpbsktkbd

Jrbss Jbrrge`tkbd

Jrbss jbrrge`tkbd ks `dbtmgr jbnnbd ngtmbh usgh kd nuetkpm`sg oebw ngtgrkdi. Xmks tgjmdkqug usgs

twb sknke`r sgdsbrs sgdskdi tmg s`ng hksturf`djg.

@ oebw jbnputgr rg`hs ` oeujtu tkbd pbkdt kd tmg oebw strg`n fgkdi ng`surgh wktm `d upstrg n sgdsbr `dhtmgd tmg tkng kt t`lgs tmks hksturf`djg pbkdt tb tr`vge tb tmg hbwdstrg`n sgdsbr ks ng`surgh bvgr ` ldbwdhkst`djg sgg Oki 0?.


18/18

6100Kt ks `ssungh orbn gnpkrkjè tgstkdi `dh sgt up ngtmbhs tm`t tmg jèjue`tgh vgebjkty bo tmg hksturf`djgpbkdt (kd tmg pkpg) ks rge`tgh tb tmg oebw r`tg bo tmg nuetkpm`sg oebw.

Bo jbursg, hug tb tmg sekp kt n`y dbt fg ` trug hkrgjt rge`tkbdsmkp !

Xmgd tmg jèjue`tgh kdobrn`tkbd/h`t` ks `hhgh tb btmgr kdputs tm`t ` nuetkpm`sg ngtgr n`y rgqukrg, tbprbjgss tmg oebw nbhges `dh sekp gqu`tkbds.

Jbdjeuskbd

Dbt èe Nuetkpm`sg ngtgrs pgrobrn gquèey wgee hug tb hkoogrkdi swggt spbts tmgy `rg rge tkvgeydgw tb tmg n`rlgtpe`jg, ` prbpgr rgvkgw tkng t`lgd up orbdt wmgd kdst eekdi tmgsg hgvkjgs pgr oebw`ppekj`tkbd wkee s`vg ` ebt bo kssugs e`tgr bd.

Okgeh tgstkdi bo tmg prbpbsgh hgvkjg br hgvkjgs ks èw`ys prgogrrgh gvgd ko tmks n`y m`vg ` okd`djkèknp`jt bd tmg prbspgjtkvg prbcgjt st`rt up tkng `dh fuhigt.

Zbng gdh usgrs trust tmgsg dgw tgjmdbebikgs oueey wmgd usgh kd tmg bpgr`tkdi gdvgebpg tmgy wgrghgskidgh tb wbrl wktmkd `dh n`dy `rg s`tksokgh wktm tmgkr NQON s pgrobrn`djg , wmkest sbng gdh usgrsstkee vkgw tmgsg tgjmdbebikgs `s gxjktkdi `dh kdtgrgstkdi, fut hgvkjgs stkee udhgr hgvgebpngdt `dh dgghkdiokgeh trkès.

Kt ks jeg`rey trug tm`t ygs ! Nbst NQONs `rg stkee udhgr ourtmgr hgvgebpngdt tb `jmkgvg -

Xmg Vkimt @dswgr !

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