8242. · going to see that no women are going to carry passes. Napoleon was a man who was prepared to fight and die for his country. Her ien Evaton we are also prepared to fight and

8241. D/SGT .WESSELS

what was said?— No. If you were allowed to refresh your memory from

your notes would you "be able to tell the Court?— Yes. Now, this particular meeting, will you just give

the Court an indication, if you can from your notes, how many people attended this meeting?— There were 400 aative males and women.

And who were the speakers at the meeting?— The speakers were Mtentjane (?), not previously mentioned? not an accused, D. Matetwele, not previously referred ttf not one of the accused. Make, previously referred to, the same person, Bob Surtee whose correct name is M»hamed Asmail, previously referred to. David Likabela, ntt «jte of the accused; Joseph Molife, previously referred to, and one of the eccused; J.M. Kumalo, the same as pre-viously referred to.

Who was the first speaker?— The first speaker was Make.

In Make's speech he refers to the Boycott, is that correct?— Yes.

And continuing with his speech he refers to the police whom they look upon as a body to protect them; he says they are protected and are satisfied; he says they will make Evaton a respectable place. Have you got that?— Yes.

Now, continue from there?— "This struggle is not only against the Italians, we are fighting against oppression as a whole. We will defeat the E.P.S. and our other oppressors." The E.P.S. my lords, is the Evaton Passenger Service, the name of the Bus Company, which was being boycotted at that time, my lords.

BELT 75 8242. D/SG-T. WESSELS.

Then he refers to the R.T.B. do you know who 1 they are?— The R.T.B. my lords, is the Road Transpor-tation Board.

And he refers to the attitude of the Road Trans-portation Board. Will you carry on where he says "The E.P.S. must leave Evaton immediately"?— "The E.P.S. 5 must leave Evaton immediately. ...."

MR. FISCHER; My lords, the words in our Exhibit are "We do not think that when we pay £100 the E.P.S. must leave ... ."

MR. TRENGOVE: Alright, read the sentence - I 10 perhaps got it out of context. "We are to pay £100..,"?—

"We are to pay £100 to R.T.B. We will do that, hut do not think that when we pay the £100 E.P.S. must leave Evaton immediately. It will take some time but we are used to waiting for everything we want. It is our duty to fight this enemy, the general oppressor, the capita-list. Many people died because of the capitalist. Poeple have been arrested because of capitalists. They can take a man's life and pay for that in money. They will regret it one day. Keep on with the fight do not give in. Victory will be ours. The tree will be planted - the tree we planted when we started the struggle is full of blossoms, One of these days we will pick the fruit off that tree. We water that tree with blood, the will of the people."

Is that the end of his speech9— Yes. The next one is Chano (?)9 is that correct?—

That is correct. And is it correct that he carried on on the

same theme, referring to this tree?— Yes.

15

20

25

30

824-7. D/SGT. WESSELS

After that the next one was...?— The next speaker was Bob Surtee Mohamed Asmail.

What did he say?— Mr.Chairman and Gathering, I have known Evaton to be a peaceful place; it is still a peaceful place. There are however, people who are too quiet and when a man is too quiet he is dangerous. Evaton is known all over the world for this strike; even in Russia the people admire us because they have similar struggles against capitalists. We people in Evaton - workers of Evaton, have contributed a lot to carry on the strugglt. Not only money, but blood and sweat were sacrificed and are prepared to sacrifice a lot more. Mr.Chairman, a very important point - the £100 claimed by the Road Transpor-tation Board is the most ridiculous thing that could be done to us. They are playing the game of the capitalist Government in South Africa; they are plsying into the hands of the Italian capitalists. The sum claimed by the R.T.B. is the maximum to exploit the workers. People of Evaton, we have contributed a lot to freedom but we will continue to contribute. The whole of Africa knows about us. They have seen us struggling. We, the oppressed ones, will keep on with the struggle, and we will prove to the world that we are determined to get what we want, freedom."

Yes. After that Motsetele spoke, is that correct ?— Yes.

And the theme of his speech was also the same, "We are marching on the road to freedom"?— Yes.

After that Molife spoke?— Yes. That's the evidence on that meeting, my lords.

The next meeting, my lords, is referred to in the Prepa-

8244. D/SGT.WESSELS.

ratory Examination Record at page 3670. It refers to 1 a meeting on the 11th March, 1956, and I hand the witness Exhibit G.410. Can you identify that exhibit, Mr. Weasels ?-- Yes.

What is it?— These are notes of a meeting made by me at Luthuli Square, Evaton, on the 11th March,1956. 5

What kind of meeting was it?— It was a meeting of the . . . .

Do you know; did you make a note?-- No, I did not make a note.

Can you recollect, or can't you?— Prom the notes 10 I made.. •V

You made the notes simultaneously with the meet-ing?— Yes, I did.

Have you any independent recollection to-day of what happened and what was said at that meeting?— No. 15

If you are allowed to refer to your notes would you be able to tell the Court?— Yes.

May the witness refer to his notes, my lord? RUMPFP J: Yes. MR. TRENGOVE: Now, Mr. Weasels, will you look 20

at your notes and refresh your memory and if you can tell their lordships - this meeting you say was held in Evaton ?— Yes.

Approximately how many people were there?—There were approximately 200 native men and women. 25

Who was the chairman of the meeting?— Make, previously referred to, was the chairman.

And after Make, omit the next speaker Matebela, is that correct?— Yes.

And after him who spoke?— Mohamed Asmail. 30

8245. D/SGT.WESSELS.

Is that the man you previously referred to?— Yes, my lords.

What did he say?— "Mr.Chairman, Ladies and Gen-tlemen, police and ........are trying to put us hack on E.T.S "buses. They thought people can be driven when they want to, where they want to; they are playing a role doing things from behind the screen. Why have they done this thing? To show authority. People will not tole-rate it. Black people will not tolerate actions of the police. Blacks are struggling against English in Malaya. They do not want the English We have a similar struggle here and we will carry it to the bitter end. We are fighting for justice and for our rights. The people we non-whites, want non-whites to lead; our struggle is unique. We walk five to six miles a day; we pay more on trains than we would pay on buses. We are not forced to do that, we want to do it, we want to show the whole of Africa what a Boycott is. We Africans are used to struggle and more struggle. We will struggle until we get what we want. If the people of the Gold Coast managed to get it why not us? Women must join us in this struggle. We will show the whole of Africa."

The next speaker was by the chairman?—Yes. The next speaker was?— The next speaker

was Victor Mterchani (?). Would you tell their lordships who trans-

lated what he said?— Make translated. Now what did he say?— "I remember my old

school days, the history of Bismarck and Napoleon. Bismarck united Germany. Germany had a government of its own; they discovered that certain points could


not "be discussed in Parliament. Bismarck said that those points that could not he discussed in Parliament could be discussed outside. Women carrying passes. This battle was defeated in Parliament. This time it is going to be fought outside the walls of Parliament. We are going to see that no women are going to carry passes. Napoleon was a man who was prepared to fight and die for his country. Here in Evaton we are also prepared to fight and die for our rights in our own country. Each and every man in Evaton must stand up and fight. We must not get tired. We must keep on with the struggle to the bitter end. Let us unite and fight."

Yes. That, my lords, concludes the evidence of that meeting except that I would ask leave - at the bottom of your notes, Mr. Wessels, at the end of your notes, have you a reference to a meeting to be held at some future date?— Yes.

What was the reference?— Memorial Service on 18/3/56 A.N.C. 25/3/56, meeting at Jarra Square.

What does that mean A.N.C. meeting 2 5 / 3 / 5 6

at Jarra Square; what does your note mean?— That means that a meeting will be held by the African National Con-gress at Jarra Square on the 25th March, 1956. and a Memorial Service will be held on the 18th March,1956.

That concludes the evid ence of that meeting, my lords. The next meeting, my lords, is a meeting on the 25th March, 1956. It's referred to in the Prepara-tory Examination Record at page 3707.

(COURT ADJOURNED UNTIL 2.15 P.M.)


ON THE COURT RESUMING AT 2.15 P.M: 1 XD. BY MR. TRENGOVE (OE D/SGT . 'VESSELS) CONTD;

MR. TRENGOVE: My lords, I wish to refer to a meeting of the 25th March, 1956 . . *

BEKKER J: A previous meeting or a new meet-ing? 5

MR. TRENGOVE: My lords, a meeting on the 25th March. No evidence has been led on this, my lords. It's referred to in the Preparatory Examination Record at pag> 3707. Mr, Wessels, I hand you a document marked G.420. 10

BEKKER J; How many more meetings from Evaton? MR. TRENGOVE: My lords, from Evaton - Examination

in Chief, six; most of them short. Mr, Wessels, the docu-ment in front of you, G.420, to what does that refer? These are notes which were made at an A.N.C. meeting held 15 at Jarra Square, Evaton, on Sunday 25th March, 1956;there were approximately 300 native men . . .

Before you start referring to your notes; did you record what you saw and what you heard at that meeting?-- Yes. 20

And those are your notes?— Yes. Have you an independent recollection of every-

thing that was said that you recorded in your notes at that meeting?-- No.

If you were now to refresh your memory from 25 those notes would you be able to tell the Court?— Yes.

I ask permission of the Court for the witness to refer to his notes, my lords.

RUMPFF J; Yes. MR. TRENGOVE; Who was the chairman at that 30

8248. D/SGT.WESSELS

meeting?— The chairman at this meeting was J.M.Kumalo. 1 He was previously referred to, it's the same Kumalo.

The theme of his speech is that the meeting would be mainly about Pass systems, is that oorrect?— That is correct.

5

Now, would you omit the first portion of his speech and turn to page 3 of your notes, a passage which starts "Our friend, Sibande, was chased away from Bethal and he is now staying here"?— "Our friend Sibande was chased way from Bethal and is now staying here. He is continually being chased by the police, I am now calling 10 on him to come and address us. Before he addresses you I want to inform you that the Boycott is still on. The leaders of our Boycott are all leaders of the African National Congress. We therefore ask you to join the Congress...." 15

Then who was the next speaker?—The next speaker was Sibande.

Can you identify him if you see him in Court?— Yes.

No.20) Will you do so?— (Witness identifies accused 20

Then Sibande spoke, is that correct?— Yes. And would it be correct to say that the theme

of his speech was against Passes?-- Yes. He speaks against passes for women?-- Yes. 25 Now, half way through his speech did Kumalo

say anything?— Yes, he did. What did Kumalo say there?— "I want English

also to be spoken, so that Wessels can understand better, otherwise he is going to lie to his bosses." 30


And then who interpreted what Sibande said into English?— Molife.

What Molife is that?— Joseph Molife, one of the accused.

A person you have already identified?-- Yes. Then the speech continued in English, is that cor-

rect?— Yes, that's correct. The theme of his speech was - he continued speak-

ing about passes for women and the evils arising out of it?— That's correct.

And then he also said that they were going to make plans to fight Bantu Education?— Yes.

And would you turn to page 8 of your notes where he .concludes his speech he said "We fight for the free-dom. ..."?— Yes.

What did he say there?— "We fight for the free-dom of all people, even the police too, even Mr. Wessels must be free to stay away from us. This thing which does not make him free. When we go away from here we are free but he will not be free. He is not a big dog, he's only a small dog. He does not get equal rights and e qual pay. The black dog sitting next to him is still smaller. He not even gets half the pay of a white dog. Myibuya Afrika."

That concluded his speech?— That is correct. Then the next speaker was the chairman and

whom did he introduce?— He said "I now wish to intro-duce the secretary of the Womens League, A.N.C. Mrs. Ranta".

And then the woman introduced then spoke?—Yes. Do you know her?-_ No.

8250 PSGT.WESSELS

Did you have her name down as Ranta on account of 1 the introduction?— Yes.

Now, she also spoke against the pass system, is that correct?— That is correct.

And then at page 10 of your notes would you tell the Court what she said after dealing with the passes and the pass system and its evils, according to her speech; what did she then say at page 10 of your notes?— "The Freedom Charter was adopted and the people will rule. We are determined to fight for our freedom and we will get it. This Herrenvolk oppression Government is telling ^ us a lot of fairy tales. Women in China decided to fight for their rights; why can't you African women not do the same? It is the duty of our African women to stand together and fight this oppression Government."

Then she referred to a deputation to the Union 15 Buildings, is that correct?— That is correct.

And also a d eputation to the Native Commissioner in Germiston, is that correct?— That is correct.

In connection with the pass laws?— Yes. And she then concludes, "In conclusion.,..." 20

Will you read from there?— "In conclusion I want to tell this meeting that we are not alone. There are many countries standing "behind us. We will stand behind our menfolk. We will sacrifice and fight to the bitter end. We will go forward in spite of all the difficul- 25 ties. Let us fight for our rights. Let us stand to-gether, shoulder against shoulder, and" fight this Nat Government, a coward government which is going to be defeated. We will rule and this policeman and his colleagues will be taken to the concentration camps

V 8251. D/SGT.WESSELS

they are building for us. The Freedom Charter says the •L

will of the people will rule. Myibuya Afrika." After that Kumalo spoke again, is that correct

?— That is correct. And he introduced the next speaker, as Mr.

Asmail of the Indian Congress?— That is correct. ^ And who then spoke?— Bob Surtee. Also known as?— Mohamed Asmail. And he also spoke against the pass laws, is that

correct?— That is correct. And after him who was the next speaker?—Moses

Kekane was the next speaker. Will you refer to his speech - he also attacked

the pass system?— Yes. And will you turn to page 16 of your notes?—Yes. Rather, turn to the end of his speech where

he says "When Britain objected to India's freedom..." -look at page 20 of your notes, Mr. Wessels?— Yes, I have it, my lords.

Have you got the passage in Sekane's speech "When Britain objected. ..."?— Yes, I have. 2 0

Will you read what he said there?-- "When Britain objected to India's freedom...." I can't make out a word "...said there would be bloodshed. India said 'Let there be bloodshed, it will be among our own people'. Africa for Africans. Africa for humanity and humanity for God. The white man has failed in the eyes of God and the African is the only one to carry on the good work of God..."

Who was the next speaker?— The next speaker was Molife. 30

BELT 76 8252. D/SGT. WESSELS

The accused previously mentioned?— Yes. Will you turn to page 20 of your notes and read

the first paragraph of his speech there?— "I'm invited to speak on Bantu Education. I'm afraid I cannot say much which you do not know.. I then decided to speak on the pass laws but Mr. Sibande and Mr. Sekane have said e-ve rything I wanted to say."

Then he continued with his speech is that cor-rect?— That is correct.

Will you turn to page 21 where he says "There are so many unrests around us"?— Yes I have it.

Read it please?— "There are so many unrests around us and I wish to advise this Government not to provoke further trouble here in South Africa. We are just as equal as other races and this new pass for our women is just another way to give us an inferior complex. We trust and we hope our women will show us what to do. They can be very vicious, so all concerned be careful.

Then he refers to an A.N.C. Conference to be held, is that correct?— Yes.

To which the Evaton Transport Council will send its A.F.C. members?— Correct.

Now you can omit the next speaker, Iris Moore, and turn to the next - who was the next speaker?— The next speaker was V.J. Kekane.

Will you read from page 23 of your notes what he said?— "Mr.Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, not very long ago to-day here in Evaton we are upon the verge of having a revolution, mainly because our womenfolk have to carry passes. Do you remember how the...." Ican't make out a word my lords, "....asked Mary Umbulo for

8253. D/SGT. TOSSELS

bread and she . . . " Never mind about that passage if you are not clear

on it, just omit it. Then there was a resolution that was passed against the pass laws?— That is correct.

No further questions on this meeting, my lords. The next meeting, my lords, on which the Crown will lead evidence is a meeting on the 29th April, 1956. It's referred to, my lords, in the Preparatory Examination Record at page 3673. I hand to the witness a document marked G.411. Can you identify that document, Mr.Wessls ? — Yes, I can, these are notes made by me during a meeting held at Luthuli Square, Evaton on the 29th of April, 1956.

Did you record what you observed and what you heard at that meeting?— I did.

To the best of your ability?— Yes. And are you able to tell the Court now without re-

ferring to your notes what happened and what was said? No.

And if you are allowed to refer to your notes will you be able to refresh your memory?-- Yes.

I ask the Court's permission for the witness to refer to his notes, my lords.

RUMPFF J; Yes. MR, TREMGOVE; Who acted as chairman?— Matikule.

He is not one of the accused. He was also the first speaker?— Yes. And the theme of his speech is the Bus Boycott

? — Yes. The next speaker, who was that?— Prank Mtetchane. Would you tell the Court what he said?— "The Gods

8254. L/SGT. WESSELS

of Africa, we look on you to help and shield us; we look 1 forward to get proper justice from the Government, but we are slaves; I remember that it is already many years that slavery has been abolished in South Africa. We have been oppressed just because our skins are black; if our

5

skins were not black we would have won this battle long ago. We have to accept just what is thrown at our mouth. It has been said many times before that we must feed our-selves. We are, however, not allowed to do so. Apartheid is working only among the people who originated it. It is already nine months since we are trying to get the Ita- 10 lians out. The Road Transportation Board, however, does not like us. The Italians got their licence back. They say we are mad and our objection failed. We know now where we stand. Blood has been shed, people died in 15 Evaton when we demanded our rights. We do not . . . "

RUMPFF.J: Well, he's dealing with the bus question. Why is he reading this?

MR. TRENGOVE: Your lordships will appreciate that this witness - - I don't want to get his other con-text, the next part he is going to read 20

RUMP FIT' J: Yes , but that context may have been condensed toa suggestion that they dealt with the Bus Boycott.

MR. TRENGOVE: Yes, I'm sorry, my lord, I apo-logise. Will you carry on from there, Mr. Wessels? 25 "The Road Transportation Board, however, "

No, that you've finished with. "We know where we stand...."?— We know where we stand. Blood has been shed in Evaton, people died in Evaton. When we demanded our rights we did not kill, we worked peacefully. Now

30

V

8255. D/SGT.WBSSELS

you people in Evaton will speak, you will know what to do. You all head about the law of sky locations. Those people are now chased out to locations...,."

Then he continues by saying that they will continue with the second part of their Boycott? Is that correct?— That is correct.

And he concludes by saying he fights the bat-tle of the boycott and the general oppression to the bit-ter end?— Yes.

Now, omit the next speaker and the next and turn to page 20 of your notes where you have noted a speaker by the name of Make, have you got that?— Yes.

And what Make is that?— Make is the same as the Make referred to previously, one of the accused.

And what does he say?— "This struggle is not against the E.T.B only, it is against general oppression. As long as we are black we will be oppressed by the white man. We will show the white man that we cannot be fooled around. We are not at all surprised by the actions of the Road Transportation Board or of the Police. We ex-pected it. We will not retreat, we will carry on. We promise you no bed of roses, it is going to be more dan-gerous than before. Those who are not prepared to fight retreat and we promise you three things, blood, toil and tears. The oppressed people all over the world are fighting for liberation. Let us, too, help - let us, too, keep on fighting for liberation."

Yes. Then omit the next speaker, David Leke-bela, is that correct?— Yes.

And turn to page 24 of your notes where you have a speaker whom you indicate in your notes is A.M.

8256. D/SG-T. WESSELS

Kumalo?-- Correct, 1 Who is that?— J.M.Kumalo is the same Kumalo pre-

viously referred to and is an accused in the Preparatory Examination.

Now, what did he say?— His speech was inter-preted into English by Denis Matekulu. "I will not say much today. I have said much in the past. I ask those of you who are here to think for yourselves. The Police are here to listen. In the past we preached non-violence. The police here have never said to Ralikete not to fight. They all carry revolvers and dangerous weapons. When- 10 ever we come to meetings the police are there too. The police are bloody fools, like the Italians; they provoke us. The only man who is a policeman who is honest and sits there and laughs at us - he is not a tyrant but he's still white and your oppressor." 15

Was that in referende to your presence there?— Yes, it was.

And the next speaker?— Joseph Molife, the accused.

And he spoke about the second stage of the Boy- 20 cott, and propaganda that had to be spread all over the township?— That is correct.

And would you turn to page 29 of your notes?— Yes, I have it.

Just indicate, Mr. Wessels how that starts. 25 I want to get the portion?— "You must all note... ."

Yes, from there will you turn to the part where it says "Those who are working for the E.T.S?— Yes, I have it.

What does Molife say there?— "Those who are 30

8257. P/SGT.WESSELS

working for the E.P.S. must decide to-day whether they are 1 going to stay with us in Evaton, or whether they are going to stay with E.P.S. I suppose you all know what is going to happen. It does not matter what is going to happen. We will decide. In the meantime we carry on with the Boy-cott. We are taking further steps and I am not prepared to disclose the Committee's plans. We are working out a plan and in the meantime you, the people of Evaton, must determine your destiny, .....to come before Court. As long as you are an E.P.S. man you can kill another man. The police will never arrest you..."

Yes, stop there. Who are these E.P.S. men?— That is the Evaton Passengers Service, the Bus Company which was then boycotted at the time.

I see. My lords, that concludes the evidence on that meeting. I refer to the next meeting of the 13th 15 May, 1956, referred to in the Policy Schedule at page 39. The passage in the Preparatory Examination Record relat-ing to this meeting occurs at page 3679, my lords. Mr. Weasels, I hand you a document Exhibit G.412, what is that document?— These are notes made by me at a meeting 2 0

held at Lithuli Square, Evaton, on Sunday the 13th May, 1956.

Lid you record what happened there on that occasion?— Yes.

And are you able to tell the Court without re- 25 ferring to your notes exactly what happened and what you recorded?— No.

And if you refresh your memory could you do so ?— Yee.

I ask for the v/itness to be allowed to refer

8258. D/SGT. WESSELS

(

to his notes, my lords. 1 RUMPFF J: Yes. MR. TRENGOVE; Now, Mr. Wessels, what kind of

meeting was this?— This was a meeting of the Evaton Peoples Transport Council.

And did you make a note at the beginning of the meeting of the people you saw there?— Yes.

What is the first name?— Joseph Molife, the accused;

Omit the next name, and after that?— V.Make, previously referred to; V. Mtetchane;

V. Mtetchane, is he the same as you referred to previously?— Yes.

Omit the next name?— Bob Surtee, previously re-ferred to as Mohamed Asmail.

Yes?— Mbata who was an interpreter; Alfred Tshechube; Gert Sibande; Solly Nathie, who is also known as Suliman Nathie; Iris Moore; J.M. Kumalo, the same per-son as the Kumalo previously referred to; Frank Mtetsane.

This G. Sabande, is the person you identified?— 20

He is the same person who I identified Now the first speaker was Make, is that correct

?— That is correct. And the next speaker was?— The next speaker was

Alfred Tsheshube. Who acted as interpreter for him?— Make acted

as interpreter, the same person I previously referred to. And what he say through his interpreter Make?

"Sons and Daughters, Mothers and Fathers, you will all want to know why I am crying as I stand here. I have been sent here; I'm not the only one crying. Even the stones

30


are crying. Remember when we had a meeting at the Church 1 many years ago stones were thrown at me. The Creator sent me here to tell you people that our enemies must be exterminated " I cannot make out the next words... "...children of Chaka and Moshesh, you must remember these people said a certain race will come out the waters and 5 oppress us. It happened. It is happening today. I am sent here by Chaka and Moshesh. The time has come that we must fight for our children; we must defeat our ene-mies. My time of saying a lot is past; I end off by saying we here in Evaton all over the world know that the time has now arrived to act. Remove the chains of oppression and fight for the rights God gave you Do not be afraid of gaols and not even death. Fight for your rights. Instead of helping us the whites are trying to break up the unity among us." 15

Yes. Who was the next speaker?— The next speaker was Gert Sibande, one of the accused pointed out by me.

And how was he introduced?— He was introduced by Make - previously mentioned - as the man who suffered 20 most for freedom.

And did anybody act as interpreter for him?— Make interpreted for him.

What did he say?— Mr.Chairman, I'm very glad to be here with you this morning. You noticed I scratch- 25 ed my head; I always scratch my head when I see a Dutch-man around. I do not know whether they are trying to bluff us. We are all at this meeting; they are forced to be here; they are not free. We are awaiting a war and these same people here are of those who will cause 30


the war. We are determined not to fight time; they will 1 cause all troubles which are still to come. Look at Wessels there; he looks very innocent but just touch his feelings and he will shoot you. He was given that right by Swart, hi s Minister. We have nowhere to go but we do not want to go away from Africa. We will die 5 in this country which is our home. We will die for our country. Since the oppressors and their Italian allies are trying their best to drive you out of Evaton the police help them in their develish efforts. When you fight in a struggle do not look only at the nearest 10 enemy, look at all white people; they are all against us. This policeman there, the political . . . . is not only writing down what is said on political grounds, he writes down everything that can be used to oppress you. This is not only a fight against the Bus Company, 15 it is against general oppression, Verwoerd says we are obstacles. Verwoerd is a fool; he does not know what he is doing. He is just trying to . . . we know vuilgoed and we know his methods. We heard what he was going to do when he was appointed Minister. Because of all the 20 trouble we had here we are men and no more children; we do not need sympathy from the whites. They have been oppressing us for years. I am proud of my colour. God gave me a very handsome colour. I'm proud because of my colour. I have suffered for my people and my country. 25 Police were given a right to shoot, but they are too stupid and land in Court every day. Let us show the Government that we are thinkers and that we have patience. Let us be determined and fight to the bitter end. We are with you in your struggles here in Evaton, in joy and in 30

r*v 8261. L/SGT. WESSELS

sorrow. They, the oppressors, are playing with fire. One 1

of these days their guns will "be of no use to them, Ver-woerd is not our leader. We are the leaders, and you must listen to us. He is like our police, they cannot think for themselves, yet-we work for them. We give them food and "because we are so kind they teach their children to hate 5 us, and they grow up as protectors of the black man. I will also teach my children to hate the white man. Theyenter our premises without our permission but when you enter their land you are called a draadspringer, and fined £2 for tresspassing. This will most probably be my last ^^ meeting. I have a very good friend who is always watching me. I will again be made to shut up in the meantime. Myibuya."

And after that somebody by the name of Mofoking spoke, is that correct?— Yes.

Then the person Molife spoke again?— Yes. And the last speaker, who was "hat?— Motsele. What did he say?— "Because blood has been shed

we will win this Boycott in Evaton, and all other troubles in South Africa, We have no gunn and we do not need them. I feel sorry for those poor fools with guns who ase bought to shoot us. Be united, fight together. The people want to govern this country and we are going to govern this country one day. I feel that only another two years will pass before we have our freedom. Afrika, Myibuya."

That concludes the evidence on this meeting, my lords. The next meeting, my lords, is also referred to in the Policy Schedule at page 39, it's a meeting of the 20th May, 1956 and the evidence in the Preparatory

- 30

15

20

25

8262. 8241. D/SGT .WESSELS

Examination Record appears at page 36820 I hand the wit-ness document marked G.413. Can you identify that docu-ment, Mr. Wessels?— Yes, these are notes I made at a meeting held at Evaton on Sunday the 20th May, 19560

And were they made simultaneously with the speech-es and events that took place?— Yes*

And are you in a position to-day to state exactly what happened there?— No*

And would you "be able to refresh your memory if you could refer to your notes?— Yes,

I ask that the witness be allowed to do so, my lords•

RUMPFF J; Yes. MR. TRENGOVE: Could you tell by referring to

your notes who wore at this meeting?— Make, Molife? pre-viously referred to - these are the same persons; Bob Surtee, also known as Mohaiasd Asmail, previously referred to, Mtentchane, previously referred to, , L. Mbata, not previously referred to.

And how many people were at the dieting; did you make anote of that?— There wero between 300 and 4-00.

Who was the first speaker?— The first speaker was Make.

Would yow tell their lordships by refreshing your memory what he said?— We gather here again to see how to re-move the E.P.S, buses. We have a duty to perfomr to gain a victory over EoP.S^and against oppression, Boycott is' known all over South Africa, in fact all over the world. We have a dark cloud hanging over us; we are the realisa-tion of our goal, notwithstanding things that stand in our way. The will of the people Is above our heads0 If we


keep on with the same determination we will win. We have shown that the policy of divide and rule will never stand in Evaton. We, the oppressed people, all over the world are fighting for liberation. We should have started long ago, three hundred years we have "been oppressed. How long are we going to tolerate this? The Israelites, the Egyptia and all over the world people fight for their freedom. Why can't we? It does not matter how you die. No nation has ever obtained liberation without bloodshed. What is hap-pening in Evaton can be - when a revolution breaks out in Evaton we will show the oppressor that we, the Africans, will rule. The A.N.C. says we claim every inch of Africa, whether our flesh will be torn from our bones. We have no other home. God planned Africa for us. Why should people come from other countries to oppress us in our own country? Let us defeat our enemies, the E.P.S. and the oppressors

Then there is a speaker following upon that and after that the following speaker - you've noted that M. Mohamed Asmail spoke?— Yes,

Is that correct?— That is correct. Is that at page 7 of your notes?— Correct. Now what did he s ay?— "Mr.Chairman, Ladies and

Gentlemen, we are in this struggle now for many months. It is a proof that nobody can doubt the determination of the people. It is built on years of grievances. The police are not impartial to this Boycott. Even people are sent from Johannesburg to try and break up this Boy-cott. The people of Evaton must know only one way, that is the way to the station. Our struggle may be a national struggle and one day a revolution may break out through the


struggle in Evaton. Our struggle in Evaton is still a young boy but it is said that hatred is growing up very fast. Why do the police take the side of the Italians; they must do it because they are working for the Government and our oppressors. We are not sleeping p we are watching them, and the police, the way they are trying to break up our boycott.

Yes. After that who spoke?— Molife. Is that the person you have identified?— Yes. Well, that concludes the evidence on that meeting

my lords. The next meeting, my lords, is also referred to in the Policy Schedule at page 39; it's a meeting dated the 3rd June, 1956; Preparatory Examination Record page 3686. I hand the witness document marked G.414. Can you identify that document, Mr. Wessels?— Yes, these are notes made by me at a meeting held at Evaton on the 3rd June, 1956.

And have you to-clay any independent recolle ction of what happened at that meeting?— No,

If you were to refer to your notes would you be able to tell their lordships what happened?— Yes.

And did you, to the best of your ability, try to record correctly what you saw and what you heard at that meeting?— Yes.

I ask permission for the witness to refer to his notes, my lords.

RUMPFE J: Yes, MR. TRENGOVE; Will you tell their lordships

#io the chairman was?— The chairman was Make, the same Make previously referred to.

And he spoke about the Boycott, is that cor-rect?— Yes, that is correctc

8265.'" D/SGT.WESSEIS

Will you omit the next speaker and after that is it correct to say that you recorded M. Asmail as having spoke?— That is correct.

Now would you just tell their lordships what he said?— "Mr.Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, as you the people know the many tactics used to trick this Boycott, how many more tricks they are going to pull out. I may be right, I may be wrong, but I think they are going to move your leaders away from here, Let them do it. We will carry on with the struggle. We must all learn to be leaders in this struggle - in the struggle against our oppressors. This struggle in Evaton is not only confined to Evaton, but will give a lead throughout South Africa. This struggle in Evaton, this sacrifice is for our chil-dren. Whatever happens,no matter what the consequences, we can be locked up, but we will remain determined.„.."

Yes, you can omit the rest of his speech. After him who spoke?— Joseph Molife0, the accused,.

The man you have identified?— Yes0 And what did he say? what were they fighting

against?— "Mr .Chairman, Ladle a and Gentlemen, I have not said much in the past; I only gave ycu reports about the boycott. Our struggle so far was against the increase in fares. Europeans oppress us economically. Exploita-tion by Europeans. We are fighting against these things and we will never succeed if we do not sacrifice. We are fighting the domination of the v/hites over black "

The next speaker was Kumalo?— Yes, that is cor-rect.

Is this the Kumalo that you referred to previously ? — That is correct.

1

8266. D/SGT. WESSELS.

And what did he say?— "Mr. Chairman 1 Will you omit the first portion of his speech and

read from "When we started the Boycott..."?— "When we started the Boycott it was non-political, but we were forced to make it a political movement. We are provoked every day by the police. Congress meeting at Jarra Square 5 Sunday fortnight. All welcome."

The next speaker was Make, will you omit what he said, and turn to the speech of Mothele?— Yes, I have it.

What did he say?— "Today we are going to test whether we are a militant force or not. We are speaking 10 here under a threat of being deported or arrested by the oppression Government. We will fight for our freedom. This meeting is supposed not to be a political meeting, but what can be expected when oppressed people come to-gether? We must speak. The Africans struggle to live, 15 to get food, etc. I say to you "Fellow men, Evaton is the beginning of the " I can't make out what the word is, "....struggle in Africa. This is only the beginning,but it will grow.Till the Government of South Africa has a place for the black man to stay the struggle will go on, 20 Whatever is going to happen we will carry on because we are hungry. We are only a few but we are the mighty few. Those who " I did not write anything further, then I continued, my lords '1....I want to show them that we have a right to speak, a right to demand; I want to say 25 that as far as the economical struggle is concerned we have a right to spend our money where we want to. The Government is trying to force you to spend your money on Kalio. and Company, sll the here in Evaton and throw out the dog. This is only the beginning, big things are 30


still to come. When the black nan in South Africa decide 1 one day the machine guns will be of no use. I am a leader in the A.N.C. and I will lead my people through our struggles. History has already shown us that revolutions were fought and won. We shall fight for our rights, even in prison we shall keep on fighting for our rights. Afrika, Myibuya•" 5

Yes. Then Make made a concluding statement•at that meeting, is that correct?— Yes, it is correct.

What did he say at that meeting?— He said "It is better for the Government to give us our freedom now than to wait until such time as we take it ourselves." 10

Now, Mr. Wessels, could you just return to the Chairman's opening speech?— Yes, I have it.

He talks about the Boycott, is that correct?—Yes. Then you have it recorded "He cannot stand against

the will of the people"?— Yes. 15 What does he say there?— "You cannot stand against

the will of the people. There were a lot of obstacles, death and arrests. All these things made us more deter~ mined. If all the oppressed people would follow our example then we would have gained freedom which we are 20 all longing for. You can never expect our oppressors to assist you in fighting his brother0 The weapon lies in our own hands."

Yes. That, my lords, concludes the evidence on that meeting. Then there are two more meetings, my lords. 25 The next one is the 10th June, 1956, referred to at the Preparatory Examination Record at page 3689. I hand to the witness Exhibit G.417. Can you identify G.417, Mr. Wessels?— Yes, these are notes made by me at a meeting

30

8268. D/5GT. WESSELS

of the African National Congress held at Jarra Square, Evaton, on Sunday 10th June, 1956.

Now, did you make the notes of what you saw and what you heard at the meeting at the time of the meeting?— Yes.

Have you an independent recollection at this stage of exactly what happened and what was said at that meeting?— No.

And if you were to refer to your notes would you "be able to tell the Court?— Yes.

RUMPFF J: To refresh his memory? MR. TRENGOVE; Yes, my lord, to refresh his memory

I beg your lordships' pardon. Mr. Wessels, if you refer to your notes - you say it was an A.N.C. meeting, is that correct?— Yes.

And did you make a note of people who were there ?-Yes.

Could you give the names?— J.M. Kumalo arrived at 9 a.m. according to my notes;

What did he do?— He hoisted the A.N.C. flag. What else?— Suliman Nathie, previously referred

to, arrived at 10.45 a.m. Did J.M. Kumalo do anything else?— Kumalo dis-

tributed pamphlets. Could you identify these two documents marked

G.415 and G.416?— Yes. What are those documents?— The one document

"Pass Laws and Police Raids intolerable". And the other one?— The other one is "Freedom

Charter Day". Where did you get those?— The first one, "Pass


Laws and Police Raids Intolerable" , was given to me by-Joseph Kumalo.

At this meeting?— At this meeting. And the other one?— The other one was also given

to me by J.M. Kumalo. You said that he distributed pamphlets there;

which pamphlets did he distribute?— He distributed these pamphlets.

Could I just have those please. My lords, G.416 is a pamphlet "Freedom Charter Day Come to Kliptown Sunday 24th June, 1956", issued by the Transvaal Consultative Committee of the African National Congress, Transvaal Indian Congress, S.A.Coloured Peoples Organisation, S.A. Congress of Trade Unions and S.A.Congress of Democrats", and the other one "Pass Laws and Police Raids Intolerable" G.415, African National Congress Protests", and it bears the inscription at the bottom 'Issued by the African Na-tional Congress'. I ask the witness to hand in these documents, my lords. Now, Mr. Wessels, who was the Chair-man at that meeting?— J.M0 Kumalo, previously referred to.

Yes. Now, will you omit his speech and turn to page 8 of your notes, the last line where he introduces the next speaker?— Yes, I have it.

Whom does he introduce? What does he say?— "I will now call on Mr.Nathie, the chairman of the Indian Congress to address us."

And what does Mr. Nathie say?— "Mr.Chairman and Friends, I am proud to be here this morning to bring you a message. I am proud I live in the year 1956 - twenty years from now the children in our schools will study his-tory in schools of this period. They will learn that in

8270. D/5GT. TOSS ELS

1956 history was made in South Africa. Therefore I am proud to live in 1956 when this history is made. We here are living in difficult times. Throughout the world oppressed people are marching on to freedom. Throughout the world Imperialists are succombing to the pressure of the oppressed. Here in the Continent of Africa there are struggles for freedom. They fight in Rhodesia, the Gold Coast, Nigeria, EgyP"b» and South Africa, for freedom. Sensible govern-ments throughout the world succomb to the will of the people. It is only here in South Africa that we have a government full of stupid people. Since 1948 each and every piece of legislation was made to rob the people."

Now just stop there for a moment. He then re-fers to the Pass Laws, is that correct?— That is correct.

And to the Group Areas Act?— That is correct. And he refers to the suppression of Communism

Act?— Correct. And other oppressive laws, is that correct?—That

is correct. And he refers to the Defiance Campaign in 1952?—

Yes, that is correct. And then he refers to the historic gathering at

ELiptown in June, 1955?— That is correct. When the Preedom Charter was adopted?— That is

correct. Then he continues "The people will govern", 26th

June, 1956, is only a few weeks away, have you got that? Yes.

Will you read from there?— 26/6A956 is only a few weeks away. That date is Tuesday, 24/6/1956...." sorry, my lords, I will read it again. "26/6/1956 is only


a few weeks away. That date is Tuesday. 24/6A956 will 1 "be just a year and on that day the Congress will call on us all to remember the 26th June, 1955» when the Freedom Charter was adopted. I appeal to all my brothers here to see that you all are free on 24/6/1956, and to go to that historic square at KLiptown. Let us assemble there and 5 tell that gang in Parliament that wesre going to get free-dom in our lifetime."

Yes. Then he says?— "We shall never allow our women to carry passes and we shall never allow our children to go back to slavery" . 10

And then Kumalo speaks?— Yes. On Passes, and there is another speaker, and after

him the next speaker is Molife?— That is correct. And Molife, what Molife is that?— Molife is the

accused pointed out by me previously, 15 Now, Molife says that he is glad to attend this

African Congress meeting, is that correct?— That is correct. Then he speaks on Passes, is that correct?— That

is correct. Will you turn to page 32 of your notes?— Yes, 20 Where he refers to the Boycott which is still on,

the Boycott Movement I'm sorry, page 25 of your notes, is that correct?— That is correct.

And after Molife, Kumalo speaks, is that correct?— That is correct. 25

Then Molife concludes the meeting. He makes a last statement?— That is correct.

Will you just tell the Court what his last state-ment was?— "Next Sunday we will hold another meeting here

30

1


a Boycott Congress meeting, no different, we are one and the same people in our ., and one and the same movement."

That, my lords, concludes the evidence on that meeting* exceot that I would like to ask the witness one further question. Would you just refer to your notes of the people present, Mr. Wessels, right at the beginning of your notes?— Yes.

Do you find the last name that you've got there of people present; who is that?— J.M. Kumalo, who was previously referred to.

RUMPFF J: Hasn't he just referred to Kumalo? MR. TRENGOVE; Yes, my lord, it's another mm

I want. The last name in your list of people present?— Bob Surtee.

Yes- Bob Surtee,Moharaed Asmail?— That is correct. The last meeting, my lords, is also referred to

in the policy schedule. It's a meeting of the 17th June, 1956, it's referred to in the Preparatory Examination Re-cord at page 3694. I hand to the witness document marked G.418. . .

RUMPFE J; Where in the Policy Schedule? MR. TRENGOVE; Page 17 and page 39, my lord.

Now, Mr. Wessels, G.418, what is that?— These are notes made by me at a meeting of the African National Congress held at Jarra Square, Evaton, on the 17th June, 1956.

Simultaneously with the events at that meeting ?-- Yes.

And did you endeavour to record correctly what was said and what you observed?— Yes,

.5

10

15

20

25

30

8273. D/SGT. WESSELS BELT 78

Are you in a position to-day to tell the Court ± without referring to your notes exactly what happened and what was said?— No.

And if you refer to your notes will you he able to refresh your memory?— Yes.

I ask that the witness be allowed to refer to 5 his notes, my lord.

RUMPFF J: Yes. MR. TRENGOVE; Who was the first speaker?— J.M.

Kumalo. Just read the first two lines of what he said?— 10

"According to the laws of Congress we are not supposed to interpret our speeches to detectives; we do it for the sake of Mr. Nathie".

Who was this Mr, Nathie?— Mr. Nathie is Suliman Mohamed Nathie, previously referred to as the Chairman of the Transvaal Indian Congress.

Was he present at that meeting?— He was present. Then Kumalo spoke about the division amongst the

people and the Italians who were trying to divide the peo-ple; is that correct?— Yes. 20

And would you turn to page 7 of your notes?—Yes, I have it.

Where the speaker refers to oppressors, and he refers to the late General Smuts, is that correct?— Not on page 7, my lord. 25

Where he says "We are almost dead because he was not an oppressor like the present Prime Minister"; have you got that passage?— Yes, on page 6.

Read that passage?— "We were almost politically dead because he was not an oppressor like the present P.M. 30


He gave us plenty but Verwoerd and Malan deny us everything. Verwoerd and M s gang, however, are great teachersj they teach us just what to do. They go about in stages and we will soon reach the climax, whether it is for the good or for the worse. We will go on and nobody will stop us. We expect the National Secretary of the Womens League here to-day, as also other high officials. Congress has the "M" plan, the police do not know what it is, and will never know. We have many squares, Lethuli Square, Freedom Square, Mandella Square - we have been chased from one place to the other in order to hold our meetings H

Then he refers to certain people who have been invited to this meeting - the last few lines in his speech. ? — We have outstanding visitors, Mrs.Goldberg and Miss Williams, of the S.A. Federation of Women, Mrs. Ngoi. We also have Mrs Lepetje

Then Mrs.Goldberg spoke, is that correct?— That is correct.

And then Kumalo made an announcement, after she spoke, is that correct?— Yes, that is correct.

He said there would be no meeting on the 24th

June, 1956?— "There will be no meeting here on 2 4 / 6 / 5 6 .

We are all going to KLiptown,"and I say you must all be there."

And the speaker after him, who was that?— Nathie. Suliman Nathie; he is the same Nathie previously referred to.

His speech was in what language?— In English. And who acted as interpreter?— Kumalo acted as

interpreter, in Zulu.

1


Now, would you read what he said?— "Last week 1 during the dying session in Parliament Verwoerd said that the various legislations were made for the benefit of the African people. He alleges that the African people accept these laws, that if it was not for the Legislators all Africans would live if it was not for the agitators 5

all Africans would live in peace. It is only the agitators wla> are causing all the trouble. if it is agitating we are calUe d agitators when we speak about the evil Nationalists, then I am proud to be an agitator. I will then also be proud to die as an agitator. If it is agitation to speak about the hundreds, about the thousands who are in prisons every day because of the Pass Laws, then I say again I am proud to be an agitator.

Then he goes on to talk about the laws of the Nationalist Government, is that correct?— That is correct. 15

And about the visit of Strydom to London?— That is correct.

And then he says "Freedom lies here with us - -freedom will not come to us from overseas", is that correct ? — That is correct. 20

Just read that passage?— "Freedom will not come to us from overseas, freedom lies here with us. If the people decide to bncome free they will become free. Noth-ing is as strong as the will of the people. People have been killed because they have refused Pass Laws. It is 25 the duty of every boy and girl, woman, man, living in Africa to see that they play their part in the struggle for liberation. June is a very important month. On June 26 th "

30

82?6. D/SG-I .wes sels

Have you got a note then of what he did?— I have 1

it in Afrikaans "Lees pamphlet" - reading pamphlet. Then he continues with discussing the adoption

of the Freedom Charter in June?— Yes, that's correct. And then he refers to the 24th June, 1956, which

will "be a great day?— Yes, I have it i 5 And just read the last few lines of his speech?—

"Let us make an oath and say we will only "be satisfied when we "bring liberation and freedom to all in South Africa. Afrika Myibuya Afrika."

Then Kumalo spoke and after Kumalo Make spoke 10

? — That is correct. Just read the first portion of Make's speech?—

"Sons and Daughters, I first wish to apologise for being late. The Bus Boycott is a subsidiary to the revolution. In our lifetime we must get liberation. The whites a re ^ doing all in their power to oppress us. We find the police suffering too. They sit here and are oppressed just as much as we are. Today a lot of Acts have "been passed against the Africans-* If today the Magistrate decides that you are not lit to live in Evaton you can "be removed 20

without a Court case..." And then he referred to the Passes, is that cor-

rect?— That is correct. Just read the concluding remarks, after he said

"We will see to it that our women do not suffer and carry 25 passes.."?— "We shall see to it that our women do not suffer and carry passes. Those of you who are not pre-pared to die for Africa, for which other country do you want to die?"

Does that conclude his speech?— Yes, it does, 30


That concludes the evidence on this meeting, my 1 lords. Then there is one further aspect on which this wit-ness will give evidence, my lords, and that relates to the Congress of the People Anniversary Meeting, referred to in the Preparatory Examination at page 6278„ My lords,the evidence with regard to what was said at this meeting was 5 given by the witness Mr,Schoeman, the shorthand writer, and we are calling this witness, Wessels, to identify cer-tain persons at this meeting. Mr. Wessels, I want to hand you a document marked G.920, and I want to know if you can identify it?—eYes, I can. These are notes, 10

made by me on Sunday, 24/6/L956, at Kliptown. What was the occasion, what were you doing at

Kliptown, what was going on there?— I was on duty there; these people were holding a meeting there.

Do you know what meeting this was?— They were 15 commemorating the Freedom Charter Day, the Congress of the People.

And I want you to look at your notes and merely tell the Court the people that you noted as being present on that occasion. Before you do so, I just want to get 20

it clear that you made these notes at the meeting?— Yes. Are you in a position to say without reference

to the notes exactly who was there according to the names you recorded?— No.

And if you refresh your memory from your notes 25 could you do that?— Yes.

Now will you give the names of the people who attended this gathering that you knew of?— Suliman Mahomed Nathie of Evaton.

Is he the one you previously referred to?— Yes. 50


The next?— Mohane d Asmail. What Mohataed Asmail is that?— Mohamed Asmail, eiso

known as Boh Surtee. The one you previously referred to?— Yes. RUMPFP J: Has your note only got Mohamed?— Yes,

my lord. That is not the same one. Oh, is there a Mohamed, and is there a note....?—

This Mohamed is another person, my lord. MR. TRENGOVE; Have you in your notes the name

Mohamed Asmail?— Yes. Andries Mhlape . . I wonder, my lords, there are a number of names not

relevant to our purposes, people not concerned in this case. RUMPFF J; Well, ask him, does this name appear or

does it not. MR. TRENGOVEs Do you find the name J.M. Kumalo in

your notes?— Yes. The name J.M. Kumalo, my lords; do you remember who

that J.M.Kumalo is?— J.M. Kumalo is the same J.M. Kumalo who has previously been referred to as the Chairman of the meeting,at the National Congress Meeting at Evaton.

Do you find the name D„C. Thompson there?— Yes. Did you know this man D.CcThompson?— Yes. How did you know him?— I attended a meeting held

under the auspices of the S.A0 Society for Peace and Friend-ship in Johannesburg at which he acted as chairman.

Do you know whether or not he was an accused at the Preparatory Examination?— Yes.

Do you have the name Gert Sibande there?— Yes. What Gert Sibande is that?— He's the accused

pointed out by me in this Court this morning. And have you got the name R.E. Press there?— Yes.

8279. D/5GT. wessels

Do you know a person by that name?— He was point-

ed out t o me . You don't know him of your own knowledge?— No. My lords, we are not relying on that. Then did

you take possession of any documents at this meeting, or did you acquire any documents?— I did*

Look at the exhibits marked G.921, G923, G.922 -can you tell the Court whether you can say where you got those documents?— The document 'Chibawe' (?) was handed to me by an unknown Indian child.

Where?— At Kliptown, at this conference on the 24th June, 1956.

RUMPFF J; What is the number of that one?— G.921. MR. TRENGOVE; The other documents?— G.923, Edu-

cating for Ignorance, I bought this document from a woman who waspointed out to me . . .

You needn't disclose the name; you bought this document, where?— At Kliptown, at the conference on the 24th June, 1956.

Was that while the conference was in progress?— Yes, my lord.

Was that document - were similar documents being sold there?— Yes.

Now the other document, Mr. Wessels?— G.922, was also obtained from an unknown native at Kliptown on the 24th June, 1956, during the conference.

What were these people doing with these documents that you obtained there?— Some of these documents were sold, some were distributed at the conference.

Openly?— Openly.


Could I just have the documents please. G.923, my lords, is a bulletin "Educating for Ignorance" which is the same as the document C.180 which is already before the Court. I'm not handing in that, iny lords. G.922 is "Peoples Songs" containing a number of songs on the Congress of the People and other matterst volunteers etc. I hand in this document, And G.921 is "Chicabe"(?) a bulletin of the Transvaal African National Congress, 1st June, 1956. It has an introductory article on the Freedom Charter, my lords. Now, Mr. Wessels, I just want to get back to Evaton, the Boycott of Buses. Could you tell their lordships, at the time that this Bus Boycott was being conducted and at the time when these meetings were being held, thej' were being held by people in favour of the Boycott, is that correct?— That is correct.

Was there any other group of people?— The only other group of people was the African National Congress....

No, no, in connection with the Boycott - - di d anybody take any other view on the Boycott?— The anti-Boycotters,

There were anti-boycotters?— Yes. Did they also hold public meetings?— No, they

di d not. Now, listen very carefully, Mr. Wessels, I don't

want you to put the blame upon anybody. At the time when these meetings were being held, and when this Boycott was being carried on at Evaton, could you tell their lordships what the state of the people in Evaton was, what was hap-pening in Evaton at the time?— During the beginning of the Boycott . . . .

MR. FISCHERs My lords, with respect, I don't

Collection: 1956 Treason Trial Collection number: AD1812

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Documents

8242. · going to see that no women are going to carry passes. Napoleon was a man who was prepared to fight and die for his country. Her ien Evaton we are also prepared to fight and