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vklku dne
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midkj izdk'ku] vkxjk&2
ByCommunication Guru
M. S. Shekhawat
© izd`kæd` ,oa ¥s[d`
izd`kæd`mid`kj ^d`kæu
2/11 ,] Lonsæh chek uxj ·ækg flusek d`s lkeus‚] vkxjk–282 002√ksu : 2530966, 2531101, 3208693/94; √SDl # (0562) 4031570E-mail : [email protected] : www.upkar.in
czkap vkWfœ`l4840/24, xksfoUn ¥su] vUlkjh jksM]nfj;kxat] ubZ fnY¥h%110 002œ`ksu # 23251844/66
ewY; # 370·00 :i, ek((Rs. Three Hundred Seventy Only)
Code No. 1423
eqnzd` # mid`kj ^d`kæu ·f^afVax ;wfuV‚ ckbZ-ikl] vkxjk
● bl iqLrd` d`ks vFkok blds` fd`lh vaæ d`ks fcuk ^d`kæd` d`h f¥f[r vuqefr ds`]fd`lh Hh Ôi%œ`ksVksxzkœ`h] fo»qr-xzkfœ`d`] ;kfU(d`h vFkok vU; Ôi eÍ fd`lh Hh ^d`kjls mi;ksx ds` f¥, ugÓ Nkik tk ld`rk gS\
● bl iqLrd` d`ks izd`kfær d`jus eÍ izd`kæd` }kjk iw.Z lko|kuh cjrh xbZ gS] fœ`j Hhfd`lh (qfV ds` f¥, izd`kæd` o ¥s[d` ftEesnkj ugÓ gksxk\
● fd`lh Hh ifjokn ds` f¥, U;kf;d` {ks( ds`o¥ vkxjk gh gksxk\
(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)
www.upkar.in
ISBN : 978-81-7482-919-1
My FatherLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi Singh
who made me what I am today.
There are always some ventures which are inspired by motives higher than money. Way
back, 1977, a restless enterprising young man Mr. Paras Saklecha “Dada”, then a fresh graduate,
in Ratlam (M.P.), decided to do something for the young graduates
from the Hindi heartland in order to enable them to get public sector
jobs. Long ago he founded a ‘not for profit’ organization, YUWAM
with a mission of “Moulding the Youth–Building the Nation” and since
its inception it has been imparting classroom coaching and guidance
to thousands of youths for banking services recruitment. Run by high
octane and totally selfless people, today, it has become a study circle
par excellence. We take great pride in seeing the panoramic view of
transformation of a little seed into a grand Banyan tree where thousands
of youths take guidance and head towards their destinations.
Mr. M.S. Shekhawat, the author of this book has been associated with Mr. Saklecha and
Yuwam from day one and has devoted himself body and soul to the mission. Mr. Shekhawat
has about thirty years of rich teaching experience and today he has such a formidable command
and innovative way of teaching the English language that he has truly very few peers in this
context. He has had the honour of being a guest member of Banking Services Recruitment
Board, Jaipur and the guest faculty for Pre Recruitment Training Programmes organized by
various nationalized banks.
Mr. Shekhawat has written about fifteen books on English so far. His book on English
Grammar has won great critical acclaim for both its preciseness and
simplicity. He has left no stone unturned in ensuring that the most
esoteric rules of the English Grammar are simplified enough to help
even the most ordinary student, whether from English medium or
Hindi medium, grasp them easily. Besides, his book “English Fluency
Development Course” can veritably be called his crowning glory and
India’s first Fluency Development Course of its kind for Hindi
speaking people. The material therein and sentence generating
structures are so effective that if one sincerely studies it, he will incur
the envy of everyone with his stupendous knowledge and fluency.
He has also written a couple of books on English Vocabulary and usage which give a number
of examples at each single entry, thereby a committed student can gain an unbeatable erudition
in English. Moreover thousands of sentences, phrases and sentence patterns leave even the
experts highly impressed and leave no area of English untouched.
Besides having written a huge body of work on the English language, Mr. Shekhawat, in
his spare time just as a hobby, teaches the aspirants to various competitive exams through
Yuwam Centres. He conducts classes and workshops on English Fluency Development
Techniques, Communication and Pronunciation skills, Personality Development and Soft Skills,
etc. Very soon, he intends to conduct such workshops throughout the country. There is much
more in the pipeline. Come and experience the magic of a man’s life long devotion.
May God bless his efforts.
—Publisher
About the AuthorAbout the AuthorAbout the Author
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● Refresh Your Grammar………………………………………………………... 13–23
Part–1 : Present Actions………………………………………………...… 24–175
Part–2 : Past Actions……………………………………………………… 176–247
Part–3 : Future Actions…………………………………………………… 248–282
Part–4 : Expressing Possession……………………………………………283–323
Part–5 : Use of Verb ‘to be’……………………………………………..…324–406
Part–6 : Continuous Actions……………………………………………… 407–469
Part–7 : Completed Actions (Perfect Tenses).……………………………..470–505
Part–8 : Conditional Perfect……………………………………………….506–532
Part–9 : Infinitive Verbs, Causative Verbs, Conditional Sentences, etc.…..533–565
Part–10 : Passive Structures………………………………………………...566–616
Part–11 : All About Clauses……………………………………………...…617–655
(Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause, Noun Clause)
Part–12 : Framing Questions, Spoken Phrases, Comment Clauses,
Word Junctions, etc.………………………………………………656–688
ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸ {1}
ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈ ∑§Ê‚¸U(English Fluency Development Course)
ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸ {3}
•¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ∑Ò§‚ ‚Ëπ¥?Ã¡Ë ‚ ’Œ‹Ã „ÈU∞ ¬Á⁄Ufl‡Ê ◊¢ •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê „U◊Ê⁄U ŒÒÁŸ∑§ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬ ∑§Ê •Á÷ÛÊ •¢ª ’Ÿ øÈ∑§Ë „UÒ– •¢ª¡Ë ◊¥ ¬˝÷Êfl‡ÊÊ‹Ë Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ ’ÊÃøËà ∑§⁄UŸ
∑§Ë ŒˇÊÃÊ √ÿÁQ§ ∑§Ë ÿÊÇÿÃÊ ∞fl¢ ¬˝ÁÃDÔUÊ ∑§Ë ¬„UøÊŸ ◊ÊŸË ¡ÊŸ ‹ªË „ÒU– øÊ„U •Ê¬ ÁfllÊÕ˸ „UÊ¢ ÿÊ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ¬˝ÁÃÿÊªË ¬⁄UˡÊÊ ∑§ ¬˝àÿʇÊË, •Ê¬ √ÿʬÊ⁄UË„Ò¥U ÿÊ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë √ÿfl‚Êÿ (¬Ú»§‡ÊŸ) ◊¢, ¡ËflŸ ∑§ ‚÷Ë ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ÁflÁ‡Êc≈U ◊„Uàfl „ÒU ∞fl¢ •Ê¬∑§ ©Ug‡ÿ ¬˝ÊÁ# ◊¥ ÿ„U ÷Ê·Ê •àÿãéU¬ÿÊªË Á‚h „Uʪ˖ ÿ„UË ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU Á∑§ •Ê¡ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë, Áfl‡ÊcÊ∑§⁄U ÿÈflÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë, ÿ„U „UÊÁŒ¸∑§ •Á÷‹Ê·Ê „ÒU Á∑§ ©Uã„¥U œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U M§¬ ‚ ‡ÊÈh•¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ •Ê ¡Êÿ, ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ •¢ª¡Ë ◊¥ ∑§„UË ªß¸ ’ÊÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê fl •Ê‚ÊŸË ‚ ‚◊¤Ê ‚∑¥§ ÃÕÊ ©Uã„U¢ •ë¿UË •¢ª¡Ë ’Ù‹Ÿ fl Á‹πŸ ◊¥ ŒˇÊÃÊ ¬˝ÊåÄUÊ ¡Êÿ–
‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë ß‚ ‹Ê‹‚Ê ∑§Ê Œπà „ÈU∞ •Ê¡ ‚÷Ë ‡Ê„U⁄UÊ¢-∑§S’Ê¥ ∑§ ª‹Ë-◊Ê„UÑÊ¥ ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ‚¢SÕÊŸ πÈ‹ ªÿ „Ò¥U– ’Ê¡Ê⁄U ◊¢ •Ÿ∑§ ¬ÈSÃ∑¢§©U¬‹éœ „UÊ ªß¸ „Ò¥U ¡Ê ◊ÊòÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ÿÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ Á‚πÊŸ ∑§Ê ŒÊflÊ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ŒÊSÃÊ! •Ê¬∑§Ê ÿ„U Ãâÿ÷‹Ë÷Ê¢Áà ‚◊¤Ê ‹ŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ¬⁄U ¬Íáʸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ∑§Ê߸ ‹ÉÊÈ ⁄UËÁà (Short cut) Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÒU– •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ „UË ©UÁøà ¬hÁà ‚¬Á⁄UüÊ◊ ∑§⁄U ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „ÒU¢–
•Êßÿ, •’ „U◊ ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ∑ȧ¿U ‚„UË Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ‚ÊÕ „UË ∑ȧ¿U ∞‚Ë ª‹Ã»§„UÁ◊ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ŒÍ⁄U ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ¡Ê ß‚÷Ê·Ê ∑§ ‚ËπŸ ◊¥ ‚’‚ ’«∏UË ’ÊœÊÿ¢ „ÒU¢–
ÄÿÊ 90 ÉÊá≈UÊ¥ ◊¢ •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „ÒU¢?ÿ„U ¬˝‡Ÿ flø◊ÊŸ ¬Á⁄U¬ ÿ ◊¥ •àÿãà ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ „ÒU, ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ‚¢SÕÊŸ ÃÕÊ ’Ê¡Ê⁄ U◊¢ ©U¬‹éœ •Ÿ∑§ ¬ÈSÃ∑§¥ ÿ„U ¬˝øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UÃË
„Ò¥U Á∑§ fl 90 ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ÿÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁªŸ øÈŸ ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ÿÊ ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê »§⁄Uʸ≈UŒÊ⁄U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ Á‚πÊ Œ¥ª– ÿ„U ∞∑§ ÷˝Ê◊∑§ ¬˝øÊ⁄U „ÒU– •¢ª¡Ë ÁflE ∑§Ë‚flʸÁœ∑§ ‚◊Îh ÷Ê·Ê „ÒU– ß‚∑§ ‚ê’㜠◊¥ ÿ„U ŒÊflÊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ÿÊ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸ ‹ŸÊ Á∑§ ◊ÊòÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ÿÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¥ œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπÊ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, Á’À∑ȧ‹ ª‹Ã ∞fl¢ ÷˝Ê◊∑§ „ÒU– œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπŸÊ ÿÊ ©U‚ ¬⁄U ¬Íáʸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ ∑§Ê߸ ¡ÊŒÍ ∑§Ê π‹ ÿÊ „UÊÕ ∑§Ë‚»§Ê߸ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U Ÿ „UË flø◊ÊŸ ◊¢ ∑§Ê߸ Á‡ÊˇÊ∑§ ‚ÃÿȪ ¡Ò‚ ´§Á·-◊ÈÁŸ-ôÊÊŸË ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„U „UÒ Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∑§„U ŒŸ ◊ÊòÊ ‚ •Ê¬∑§Ê ÿ„U ÁfllÊ ¬˝Ê# „UÊ ¡Êÿ–•¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ ∑§ ßë¿ÈU∑§ √ÿÁQ§ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë ª‹Ã»§„U◊Ë ◊U¢ Ÿ ⁄U„U∑§⁄U ÿ„U •ë¿UË Ã⁄U„U ‚ ‚◊¤Ê ‹ŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸÊ ÃÊ•Õ∑§ ¬˝ÿÊ‚ mÊ⁄UÊ „UË ¬˝Ê# ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ∑§‹Ê (ÁflœÊ) „ÒU– •Ã— Á∑§‚Ë ÷˝Ê◊∑§ ∑§À¬ŸÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ’¡Êÿ ©UÁøà ¬hÁà ‚ ‹ªŸ, ÁŸDÔUÊ ∞fl¢ß¸◊ÊŸŒÊ⁄UË ‚ ÁŸÿÁ◊à •äÿÿŸ ∞fl¢ •èÿÊ‚ ∑§⁄¥U–
ÄÿÊ •∑§‹Ê Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ◊ʪ¸Œ‡Ê¸Ÿ ¬ÿʸ# „ÒU •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ?•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§ ßë¿ÈU∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ‹Êª Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§ Áfl∑§À¬ ∑§Ê „UË •¬ŸÊà „Ò¥U– ß‚∑§Ê ¬˝◊Èπ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§ˇÊÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝øÊ⁄U
ÃÕÊ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ∑ȧ¿U •ãÿ ª‹Ã»§„UÁ◊ÿÊ°– ß‚◊¢ ∑§Ê߸ ‡Ê¢∑§ÊU Ÿ„UË¥ Á∑§ Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ¬˝Ê⁄UÁê÷∑§ ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ÃÊ •Ê¬∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ë ∑ȧ¿U¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Œ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U ‹Á∑§Ÿ ©UÁøà •äÿÿŸ ‚Ê◊ª˝Ë ∑§ •÷Êfl ◊¥ ÁfllÊÕ˸ ∑§fl‹ ∑ȧ¿U ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ’Ê‹ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ ∞∑§-ŒÊ ¬¢ÁQ§ ∑§ flÊÄÿ ÿÊ∞∑§ flÊÄÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝‡Ÿ ÿÊ ∞∑§-ŒÊ flÊÄÿ ∑§Ê ¡flÊ’ ŒŸÊ „UË ‚Ëπ ¬Êà „ÒU¢ ‹Á∑§Ÿ ¡’ Á∑§‚Ë Áfl·ÿ ¬⁄U ÁflSÃÎà M§¬ ‚ ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ê •fl‚⁄U •ÊÃÊ „ÒUÃÊ ’ª‹¥ ¤ÊÊ°∑§Ÿ ‹ªÃ „Ò¥U–
ŒÊSÃÊ! Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§Ë •¬ŸË ‚Ë◊Ê∞¢ „Ò¥U– ∞∑§ Á‡ÊˇÊ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡ÊŸÊ ∞∑§-«U…∏U ÉÊ¢≈U ŒÊ-ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸ ◊¢ ŒÈÁŸÿÊ ∑§Ë ‚’‚ ‚◊Îh ÷Ê·Ê ∑§ ‚ê’ãœ◊¥ Á∑§ÃŸË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Œ ¬ÊÿªÊ– •Ã— ∞‚Ë ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„Uÿ ∞‚Ë ¬ÊΔK ¬ÈSÃ∑§¢ U¡Ê •Ê¬∑§Ê ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ¬˝ÿʪ ◊¢ •ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë flÊÄÿ ‚¢⁄øŸÊ•Ê¢∞fl¢ ŒÒÁŸ∑§ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ‡ÊéŒÊfl‹Ë ∑§Ë Œ ‚∑§ ‚ê¬Íáʸ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË–
FLUENCY THROUGH SELF-STUDYäÿÊŸ ⁄Uπ¥ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ „UË ∞∑§◊ÊòÊ ∞‚ √ÿÁQ§ „Ò¥U ¡Ê œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, ∑§Ê߸ •ãÿ √ÿÁQ§ Ÿ„UË¥–
•ãÿ √ÿÁQ§ •Ê¬∑§Ê ∑ȧ¿U ¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ° Œ ‚∑§Ã „ÒU¢ ‹Á∑§Ÿ ’Ê‹ŸÊ ÃÊ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ mÊ⁄UÊ „UË Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ „ÒU– ’Ê‹Ÿ „UÃÈ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ê „UË •¬ŸSpeech Organs (tongue, teeth, lips, etc. mouth organs) ∑§Ê ¬˝Á‡ÊÁˇÊà ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– ß‚ „UÃÈ •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„Uÿ ∞‚Ë ©Uà∑ΧCÔU ¬ÊΔK¬ÈSÃ∑¥§ Á¡ã„¥U ’Ê‹-’Ê‹ ∑§⁄U ¬…∏UŸ ‚ •Ê¬∑§ Speech Organs •¢ª¡Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§ •èÿSà „UÊ ‚∑§¢– •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„U∞ ∞‚Ë ¬ÊΔK ¬ÈSÃ∑¥§¡Ê •Ê¬∑§Ê Œ ‚∑§ ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹ ‚÷Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë-Total Mastery. ¡Ë „UÊ° - Total Mastery.
•Êßÿ ß‚ „UÃÈ ∞∑§ ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ ‚◊¤Êà „Ò¢U– ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ ’ÃÊÒ⁄U ∞∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ‹Ã „Ò¥U-Apply. ß‚ ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊Êãÿ Á„UãŒË •Õ¸ „UÊÃÊ „Ò-•ÊflŒŸ ∑§⁄UŸÊ–‹Á∑§Ÿ ÿ„U ‡ÊéŒ ÁflÁèÊÛÊ ‡ÊéŒ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ ¬⁄U •ãÿ§ ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ÷Ë Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ò‚-
{4}}........... ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸
� To apply the brake(s) = ’∑§ ‹ªÊŸÊ (ªÊ«∏UË •ÊÁŒ ◊¢)� To apply a rule/ principle = ∑§Ê߸ ÁŸÿ◊/ Á‚hÊãà ‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UŸÊ� To apply one’s mind = •¬ŸÊ ÁŒ◊ʪ ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply force = ¡Ê⁄U/ÃÊ∑§Ã ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply balm (on forehead) = (Á‚⁄U ¬⁄U) ’Ê◊ ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply oneself to a work = •¬Ÿ •Ê¬∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë ∑§Ê◊ ◊¢ ‹ªÊŸÊŒÁπÿ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞∑§ „UË ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê •Ÿ∑§ ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ‡ÊéŒ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ∑Ò§‚ ¬˝ÿʪ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë ∞‚Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Á∑§‚Ë
Á‡UÊˇÊ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ∞∑§ ‚ËÁ◊à ‚◊ÿ ◊¢ ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ •SÊê÷fl-‚Ê „ÒU– ÿ„UË ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ŒÊ-ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸ Á∑§‚Ë ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ◊¢ ¬…∏U øÈ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ‹Êª ∞∑§ ŒÊ flÊÄÿÊ¥∑§Ë ∑§Ê◊ ø‹Ê™§ •¢ª¡Ë „UË ’Ê‹ ¬Êà „ÒU¢–
•ŸÈflÊŒ ¬hÁà - ∞∑§ ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§Ê•¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ „UË ‚ÊøŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄¥U-•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§ ßë¿ÈU∑§ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ‹Êª ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊ‚ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê Á„UãŒË
÷Ê·Ë ‹Êª ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ Á„UãŒË ◊¢ ‚Êøà „Ò¥U Á»§⁄U fl •¬Ÿ ߟ ÁfløÊ⁄UÊ¢ ∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ •ŸÈflÊŒ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– ÿ„U Á’À∑ȧ‹ ©UÀ≈UÊ/ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§Ê „ÒU– ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U∞∑§ ÁfllÊÕ˸ ∑§„UŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ ÕÊ “•Ê¡∑§‹ ◊⁄U ’Ê‹ ∑§Ê»§Ë ©U«∏U ⁄U„U „Ò¥U”, Á¡‚∑§Ê ©U‚Ÿ •¢ª¡Ë •ŸÈflÊŒ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ -‘My hairs are flying toomuch now a days’ ÿ„U Á„UãŒË ‚ •¢ª¡Ë •ŸÈflÊŒ ∑§Ê „UË ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ „Ò– äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U „U◊ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ∞∑§ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ŒÍ‚⁄UË ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ‡ÊéŒ-‚-‡ÊéŒ •ŸÈflÊŒŸ„UË¥ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã– „U◊¢ ∑§fl‹ ©U‚∑§Ê ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „ÒU– ß‚ „UÃÈ Á∑§‚Ë ‡ÊéŒ Áfl‡Ê· ∑§ ¬Ë¿U Ÿ„UË¥ ¡ÊŸÊ „ÒU–
äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U, œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ •¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ „UË ‚ÊøŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– ß‚ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ •¢ª¡Ë¬òÊ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê∞¢, ‹π, •Ê‹π, •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ë •ë¿UË ¬ÈSÃ∑¥§ ¬…∏UŸ ÃÕÊ •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ‚ËπŸ øÊÁ„Uÿ– ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ ôÊÊŸ ‚ „U ◊Ê⁄UË ∑§À¬ŸÊ∞fl¢ ‚ÊøŸ ∑§Ë ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ’…∏UªË– „U◊Ê⁄U ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ¡ËflŸ ◊¢ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ •¢ª¡Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥, flÊÄÿÊ¥, flÊÄÿ ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ ôÊÊŸ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Uʪʖ
ÄÿÊ Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U?ÿ„U •àÿãà ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ¬˝‡Ÿ „ÒU– ß‚∑§Ê ©UûÊ⁄U „UÊ° ∞fl¢ Ÿ„UË¥ ŒÊŸÊ¢ „UË „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– „UÊ°, ß‚Á‹∞ Á∑§ „U◊Ÿ •¬ŸË ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ôÊÊŸ
∑§ „UË ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπË „ÒU– ‹Á∑§Ÿ äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U „U◊Ÿ •¬ŸË ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê •¬Ÿ ¡ã◊ ‚ „UË ‚ÈŸŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄U ŒË ÕË ∞fl¢ ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ ‚ ¬Ífl¸ „U◊¥ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬∑§Ë ∑§Ê߸ •ãÿ ÷Ê·Ê ÷Ë Ÿ„UË¥ •ÊÃË ÕË– fl·ÊZ Ã∑§ ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚ÈŸÃ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „U◊ ß‚ ’Ê‹Ÿ ◊¢ ¬Ê⁄¢UªÃ „UÊ ªÿ– ÃÊ ÄÿÊ „U◊ •’ •¢ª¡Ë ÷ËÁ’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U? „UÊ°, ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U ’‡Êà Á∑§ •Ê¬ fl·ÊZ Ã∑§ ∞‚ flÊÃÊfl⁄UáÊ / SÕÊŸ ◊¢ ⁄U„¥U ¡„UÊ° •¢ª¡Ë ∑§ •‹ÊflÊ ∑§Ê߸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê·Ê’Ê‹Ë „UË Ÿ„UË¥ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU ÃÕÊ •Ê¬ ÷Ë ’Ê‹-‚È‹÷ ©Uà‚È∑§ÃÊ ‚ ‚ËπŸ, ‚ÈŸŸ fl ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ê •èÿÊ‚ ∑§⁄Uà ⁄U„U¢– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ÿ„U ’«∏UÊ ‹ê’Ê ø‹Ÿ flÊ‹ÊÁ‚‹Á‚‹Ê „ÒU Á¡‚◊¥ „U◊¥ fl·ÊZ ‹ª ¡Êÿ¥ª– ◊ÊòÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ÿÊ ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ◊¢ ÿ„U ‚ê÷fl Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–
∑ȧ¿U SÊ¢SÕÊŸ ÿ„U ŒÊflÊ ÷Ë ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U Á∑§ fl Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ Á‚πÊ Œ¥ª– „U◊Ê⁄U •ŸÈèÊfl ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÿ„U ‚àÿŸ„UË¥ „ÒU–
Á∑§‚Ë ÁflmÊŸ Ÿ ∑§„UÊ „ÒU-‘Grammar is the life blood of a language.’
•Ã— •ë¿UË •¢ª¡Ë ’Ù‹ŸÊ fl Á‹πŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU–‹Á∑§Ÿ ß‚∑§Ê ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ ÿ„U ÷Ë Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU Á∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ‚¢’¢œË ‚◊Sà ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∞fl¢ ©U¬ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ê •Êà◊‚ÊÃÔ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ,
‚ËπŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– Ÿ„UË¥, ∞‚Ê Á’À∑ȧ‹ Ÿ„UË¥– ‹Á∑§Ÿ „U◊¢ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U÷Íà ôÊÊŸ •fl‡ÿ ‹ŸÊ „Uʪʖ ¡Ò‚ Á∑§ ’Ëà „ÈU∞ ‚◊ÿ (÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹) ∑§Ë Á∑˝§ÿÊ√ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ÁmÃËÿ (÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹ / Past Tense) M§¬ ∑§Ê; flø◊ÊŸ ∑§Ë •ÊŒÃ, ªÁÃÁflÁœ, ÁŸÿÁ◊Ã, ∑§Êÿ¸ ’ÃÊŸ „UÃÈ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ◊Í‹M§¬
∞fl¢ ∞∑§fløŸ ∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ß‚◊¥ s ÿÊ es •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿʪ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ãʸ I ∑§ ‚ÊÕ flø◊ÊŸ∑§Ê‹ ◊¢ be Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê am M§¬, ÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ was, you ∑§ ‚ÊÕ are ∞fl¢ were, He ∑§ ‚ÊÕ is, was ∑§Ê¬˝ÿʪ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ „U◊¢ ∞∑§ ’Êà •ÊÒ⁄U ‚◊¤Ê ‹ŸÊ øÊÁ„Uÿ Á∑§ Á’ŸÊ ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ flÊÄÿ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊¤Ê •¢ª¡Ë ¡Ò‚Ë ÁflŒ‡ÊË ÷Ê·Ê ¬⁄U •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ •‚ê÷fl „UË „ÒU–
•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ©UÁøà ◊ʪ¸•¬ŸÊ ‡ÊéŒ ôÊÊŸ ’…∏UÊßÿ-
•¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ •Ê¬∑§Ê ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¢ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹ 5-6 „U¡Ê⁄U ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê‚ê¬Íáʸ ôÊÊŸ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Uʪʖ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¥ ¬ÿÈQ§ ÿ ‡ÊéŒ ‹π∑§ ∑§Ë ¬ÈSÃ∑§ (Word Bank for SpokenEnglish) ◊¥ ÁŒÿ ªÿ¥– •Ã— •Ê¬ ß‚ ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ∑§Ê •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄¥U– •Ê¬∑§Ê ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ GrammaticalCategorization ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ßŸ∑§ •Õ¸ ÷Ë ‚◊¤ÊŸ fl ¡ÊŸŸ „UÊ¥ª– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ •Õ¸ (meaning)¡ÊŸŸÊ „UË ¬ÿʸ# Ÿ„UË¥ „Uʪʖ ’ÁÀ∑§ ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ‚ ’ŸŸ flÊ‹ •Ÿ∑§ •âʸ¬Íáʸ ‡ÊéŒ-‚◊Í„U ¡ÊŸŸ „UÊ¢ª ¡Ê True
Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174829191 Author : M. S. Shekhawat
Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/4906
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