88910213-Project-Report.docx

8/16/2019 88910213-Project-Report.docx

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INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

If the efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus

decreasing the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. This would also

reduce the cost of power for the common people. The wind is literally there for the taking

and doesn't cost any money. Power can be generated and stored by a wind turbine with

little or no pollution. If the efficiency of the common wind turbine is improved and

widespread, the common people can cut back on their power costs immensely.

Ever since the eventh !entury people have been utili"ing the wind to make their lives

easier. The whole concept of windmills originated in Persia. The Persians originally used

the wind to irrigate farm land, crush grain and milling. This is probably where the term

windmill came from.

ince the widespread use of windmills in Europe, during the Twelfth !entury, some areas

such as the #etherlands have prospered from creating vast wind farms.

The first windmills, however, were not very reliable or energy efficient. $nly half the sail

rotation was utili"ed. They were usually slow and had a low tip speed ratio but were

useful for tor%ue.

ince its creation, man has constantly tried to improve the windmill. &s a result, over the

years, the number of blades on windmills has decreased. ost modern windmills have ()

* blades while past windmills have had +- blades. Past windmill also had to be manually

directed into the wind, while modern windmills can be automatically turned into the

wind. The sail design and materials used to create them have also changed over the years.

In most cases the altitude of the rotor is directly proportional to its efficiency. &s a matter

of fact, a modern wind turbine should be at least twenty feet above and three hundred feet

away from an obstruction, though it is even more ideal for it to be thirty feet above and

five hundred feet away from any obstruction.

ifferent locations have various wind speeds. ome places, such as the /ritish Isles, have

few inhabitants because of high wind speeds, yet they are ideal for wind generation. id

you know that the world's largest wind farm is located in !alifornia, and the total wind power generated there exceeds 0,+11 megawatts of electricity2 3& typical nuclear power

plant generates 0,111 megawatts.4


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ome geographic features such as mountains also have an influence upon wind.

ountains can create mountain bree"es at night, because of the cooler air flowing down

the mountain and being heated by the warmer valley air causing a convection current.

5alleys are affected in much the same way. In the daytime, the cooler air is above the

valleys and the hot air is above the mountains. The hot air above the mountain rises abovethe valleys and cools, thus creating a convection current in the opposite direction and

creating a valley wind. The oceans create convection currents, as well as they mountains

or valleys. In the day, the hotter air is above the same and the cooler air is above the

ocean. The air heats up over the sand and rises above the ocean and then cools, creating

the convection current. &t night, the cooler air is above the sand and the warmer air is

above the ocean, so the air heats up over the ocean and cools over the sand. &s you can

clearly see, the time of day also affects the wind.

6e know that for windmills to operate there must be wind, but how do they work2

&ctually there are two types of windmills )) the hori"ontal axis windmills and the vertical

axis windmills. The hori"ontal axis windmills have a hori"ontal rotor much like the

classic utch four)arm windmill. The hori"ontal axis windmills primarily rely on lift from

the wind. &s stated in /ernoulli's Principle, 7a fluid will travel from an area of higher

pressure to an area of lower pressure.7 It also states, 7as the velocity of a fluid increases,

its density decreases.7 /ased upon this principle, hori"ontal axis windmill blades have

been designed much like the wings of an airplane, with a curved top. This design

increases the velocity of the air on top of the blade thus decreasing its density and causing

the air on the bottom of the blade to go towards the top ... creating lift. The blades are

angled on the axis as to utili"e the lift in the rotation. The blades on modern wind turbines

are designed for maximum lift and minimal drag.

5ertical axis windmills, such as the urries 3built in 08914 use drag instead of lift. rag is

resistance to the wind, like a brick wall. The blades on vertical axis windmills are

designed to give resistance to the wind and are as a result pushed by the wind. 6indmills,

both vertical and hori"ontal axis, have many uses. ome of them are: hydraulic pump,

motor, air pump, oil pump, churning, creating friction, heat director, electric generator,

;reon pump, and can also be used as a centrifugal pump.

There are many types of windmills, such as: the tower mill, sock mill, sail windmill,

water pump, spring mill, multi)blade, arrieus, savonis, cyclo)turbine, and the classic

four)arm windmill. &ll of the above windmills have their advantages. ome windmills,


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like the sail windmill, are relatively slow moving, have a low tip speed ratio and are not

very energy efficient compared to the cyclo)turbine, but are much cheaper and money is

the great e%uali"er.

There have been many improvements to the windmill over the years. 6indmills have

been e%uipped with air breaks, to control speed in strong winds. ome vertical axis

windmills have even been e%uipped with hinged blades to avoid the stresses at high wind

speeds. ome windmills, like the cyclo)turbine, have been e%uipped with a vane that

senses wind direction and causes the rotor to rotate into the wind. 6ind turbine generators

have been e%uipped with gearboxes to control +( when

the fantail was invented. The fantail automatically rotates the sails into the wind.

ost wind turbines start to generate power at 00 m?s and shut down at speeds near 9@m?s.

&nother variable of the windmill's efficiency is its swept area. The swept area of a disk))

shaped wind wheel is calculated as: &rea e%uals pi times diameter s%uared divided by

four 3pi e%uals 9.0+4.

&nother variable in the productivity of a windmill is the wind speed. The wind speed is

measured by an anemometer.

&nother necessity for a windmill is the tower. There are many types of towers. ome

towers have guy wire to support them and others don't. The towers without guy wires are

called freestanding towers. omething to take into consideration about a tower is that it

must support the weight of the windmill along with the weight of the tower. Towers are

also subAect to drag.

cientists estimate that, by the @0st !entury, ten percent of the world's electricity will

come from windmills.

Central Power Research Institute

About


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!entral Power Besearch Institute 3!PBI4 is the power house of the Indian electrical

industry. et up in 08*1 by the Covernment of India, it functions as a centre for applied

research in electrical power engineering assisting the electrical industry in product

development and %uality assurance. !PBI also serves as an independent authority for

testing and certification of power e%uipment. !PBI's governing body includes eminent professionals from industries D utilities, prestigious academic and research institutions D

the government. It employs over 911 highly %ualified and experienced engineers D

scientists besides other supporting staff.

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

6ith its state)of)the art infrastructure and expertise, !PBI has made significant

contributions to the power sector in the country for improved planning, operation and

control of power systems. /esides in)house BD, !PBI also undertakes sponsored

research proAects from manufacturers and other agencies in different areas of

speciali"ation.

EVALUATION AND TESTING

6ith its %uality of output on par with International standards !PBI offers speciali"ed

services on the performance, evaluation and certification of different kinds of power

e%uipment like witchgear, ;use Cears, Transformers, !ables, !apacitors, Insulating

aterials and ystems, Transmission ine Towers, i%uid ielectrics and #on

!onventional Energy evices in its seven laboratories spread all over India.

CONSULTANCY SERVICES

!PBI offers expert consultancy services in the areas of Transmission and istribution

ystems, Power Fuality, Energy &uditing, !onductor 5ibration, Power ystem

Instrumentation. Transformer $il Beclamation, new materials for Power ystem

application, Gigh Power, Extra Gigh 5oltage and related fields.

QUALITY CERTIFICATION

!PBI's laboratories are accredited under #ational &ccreditation /oard for Testing and

!alibration aboratories 3#&/4 as per I$?IE!?>1@( standards. !PBI has also been

given observer status in the group of T 3hort !ircuit Testing iasion4 of Europe. In


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addition, it has long term collaboration with reputed International aboratories like !EI

of Italy, Ed; of ;rance, and EPBI of H&.

CPRI NETWORK

6ith its head office located at /angalore, the Institute has seven state)of)the)art infra)

structural facilities in different parts of India to cater to the needs of power e%uipment

manufacturers and user industries.


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SCOPE


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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

To utili"e the available wind resources and to reduce the usage of non renewable energy

resources. 6ind energy is by far the fastest)growing renewable energy resource. The

wind energy industry so far has been supported by market incentives backed by

government policies fostering sustainable energy resources.

arge)scale wind facilities approaching the output rating of conventional power plants,

control of the power %uality is re%uired to reduce the adverse effects on their integration

into the network


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OVERVIEW OF WIND ENERGY


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Ind!"# M!$%t O'$'( o) Wnd En$*+

O'$'(

India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources. India has one of the worlds largest

programs for deployment of renewable energy products and systems 9,>11 6 from

renewable energy sources installed.


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POWER & SOURCES


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T, -o($ n t, Wnd

The power in the wind can be computed by using the concepts of

kinetics. The wind mill works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of the

wind to mechanical energy. The kinetic energy of any particle is e%ual to one half

its mass times the s%uare of its velocity, or J mv @. The amount of air passing in unit

time through an area &, with velocity 5, is &. 5, D its mass is e%ual to its 5olume

multiplied by its density ρ of air, or

m K ρ &5 LLLLLLL..304

3m is the mass of air transversing the area & swept by the rotating blades of a wind

mill type generator 4

ubstituting this value of the mass in expression of M.E.K J ρ &5.5@ watts

K J ρ &59 watts LLLLLLL.. 3@4

econd e%uation tells us that the power available is proportional to air density 30.@@(

kg?m94 D is proportional to the intercept area. ince the area is normally circular of

diameter in hori"ontal axis aero turbines, then,

& K π @ 3%. m4

+

Put this %uantity in e%uation second

then

&vailable wind power Pa K J ρ π @ 59

+

K 0?- ρ π @ 59 watt

N wind machines intended for generating substantial amounts of power should have

large rotors and be located in areas of high wind peedO.


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T, Sou$. o) Wnd#

In a macro)meteorological sense, winds are movements of air masses in the atmosphere

mainly originated by temperature differences. The temperature gradients are due to

uneven solar heating. In fact, the e%uatorial region is more irradiated than the polar ones.

!onse%uently, the warmer and lighter air of the e%uatorial region rises to the outer layers

of the atmosphere and moves towards the poles, being replaced at the lower layers by a

return flow of cooler air coming from the polar regions. This air circulation is also

affected by the !oriolis forces associated with the rotation of the Earth. In fact, these

forces deflect the upper flow towards the east and the lower flow towards the west.

&ctually, the effects of differential heating dwindle for latitudes greater than 91o# and

91o, where westerly winds predominate due to the rotation of the Earth. These large)

scale air flows that take place in all the atmosphere constitute the geostrophic winds.

The lower layer of the atmosphere is known as surface layer and extends to a height

of 011 m. In this layer, winds are delayed by frictional forces and obstacles altering not

only their speed but also their direction. This is the origin of turbulent flows, which cause

wind speed variations over a wide range of amplitudes and fre%uencies. &dditionally, the

presence of seas and large lakes causes air masses circulation similar in nature to the

geostrophic winds. &ll these air movements are called local winds.


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MATERIALS & PROPERTIES


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COMPONENTS USED

0. !G#E

@. CE

9. /&E

+. G&;T

(. /E&BI#C

*. PHE

>. /ET

MATERIALS USED FOR COMPONENTS

!G#E I TEE

CE I TEE

G&;T I TEE

/&E I TEE

PHE I TEE

/E&BI#C T&I#E TEE


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PROPERTIES

Youn*"# /odu0u#

It is defined as the ratio of stress and strain, where the strain does not have units.

Therefore youngs modulus has the units of stress,#?mm2 , pa , Cpa

The value for ild teel is @01Q013 pa

Hoo%"# L!(1

This law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit.

Y0d St$##

It is the value of stress at which the material continues to deform at constant load

conditions. The value for ild teel is 9@9.*@pa

U0t/!t St$##

It is the maximum stress induced in the specimen D it occurs in the plastic region.

F$!.tu$ St$##

&s the reduction in cross sectional area continues, the load bearing capacity of specimen

reduces gradually. &t a certain stage cross sectional of specimen is so small that it cannot

sustain the load D hence it breaks. The stress at which the specimen breaks is known as

fracture stress. It is generally less than ultimate stress for ductile materials.

H!$dn##

It is the measure of resistance to penetration Dabrasion, which is a function of stress

re%uired to produce some specified type of failure. It is generally expressed as a number.

Tou*,n##

The ability of material to absorb energy in the plastic range is known as toughness.

Toughness per unit volume of the material is known as modulus of toughness.

Po##on"# $!to

The ratio between lateral strain and longitudinal strain is known as Poissons ratio. The

value for ild teel is 1.919


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OPERATIONS FOR FA2RICATION


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PROCESS INOVLVED IN FA2RICATION

31 Cas !utting

@. &rc 6elding

9. Crinding

GAS CUTTING

& cutting torch is used to heat metal to kindling temperature. & stream of oxygen is then

trained on the metal, and metal burns in that oxygen and then flows out of the cut.

T, *!## u#d n t,# -$o.## !$

0. PC

@. Gelium

Ad'!nt!*# o) t, G!# Cuttn*1

• Environment friendly 3reducing the emission of !$@4

• Gigh %uality of cut surface

• Beduction of man)hours for finishing after cutting

• Gigh productivity by high)speed cutting

ARC WELDING

&rc welding uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode

and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct

3!4 or alternating 3&!4 current, and consumable or non)consumable electrodes. The

welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi) inert gas, known as

a shielding gas, and?or an evaporating filler material. The process of arc welding is widely

used because of its low capital and running costs

The following gauge lengths of electrodes are used in this process -, 01D0@mm. The

number of electrodes used in this fabrication is around +1)+( electrodes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding_power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding_power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inert_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inert_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding_power_supply


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GRINDING PROCESS FOR FINISHING

Crinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool

and also for finishing process.

Crinding practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and tool making. It can

produce very fine finishes and very accurate dimensionsR yet in mass production contexts

it can also rough out large volumes of metal %uite rapidly. It is usually better suited to the

machining of very hard materials than is 7regular7 machining 3that is, cutting larger chips

with cutting tools such as tool bits or milling cutters4, and until recent decades it was the

only practical way to machine such materials as hardened steels. !ompared to 7regular7

machining, it is usually better suited to taking very shallow cuts, such as reducing a

shaft's diameter .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasive_machininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinding_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_tool_(machining)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_and_die_makerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_toolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasive_machininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinding_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_tool_(machining)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_and_die_makerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_toolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutter


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REQUIREMENTS FOR PLACING


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St S0.ton .on#d$!ton#

The power available in the wind increases rapidly with the

speed, hence wind energy conversion machines should be located preferable in areas

where the winds are strong D persistant. The following point should be considered

while selecting site for Wnd En$*+ Con'$#on S+#t/4WECS51

H*, !nnu!0 !'$!* (nd #-d

The wind velocity is the critical parameter. The power in the

wind Pw, through a given S section area for a uniform wind 5elocity is

Pw K M59 3 M is const. 4

it is evident, because of the cubic dependence on wind velocity that small increases

in 5 markedly affect the power in the wind 1*. doubling 5, increases Pw by a factor

of -.

A'!0!b0t+ o) (nd V4t5 .u$' !t t, -$o-o#d #t

This important curve determines the maximum energy in the

wind and hence is the principle initially controlling factor in predicting the electrical

o?p and hence revenue return of the 6E! machines, it is desirable to have average

wind speed 5 such that 5≥0@)0* km?hr 39.( +.( m?sec4.

(nd #t$u.tu$# !t t, -$o-o#d #t

6ind specially near the ground is turbulent and gusty, D changes

rapidly indirection and in velocity. This departure from homogeneous flow is

collectively referred to as N the structure of the windO.

A0ttud o) t, -$o-o#d #t

If affects the air density and thus the power in the wind D hence the

useful 6E! electric power o?p. The winds tends to have higher velocities at

higher altitudes.


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Lo.!0 E.o0o*+

If the surface is bare rock it may mean lower hub heights hence lower

structure cost, if trees or grass or ventation are present. &ll of which tends to

destructure the wind.

D#t!n. to Ro!d# o$ R!0(!+#

This is another factor the system engineer must consider for heavy,

machinery, structures, materials, blades D other apparatus will have to move into

any chosen 6E! site.

N!$n## o) #t to 0o.!0 .nt$6u#$#

This obvious criterion minimi"es transmission line length D hence

losses D costs.

N!tu$ o) *$ound

Cround condition should be such that the foundations for 6E!s are

secured, ground surface should be stable.

F!'o$!b0 0!nd .o#t

and cost should be favorable as this along with other sitting costs,

enters into the total 6E! system cost.


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CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS


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VARAI2LES

• Wnd S-d

This is very important to the productivity of a windmill. The wind turbine only generates

power with the wind. The wind rotates the axis 3hori"ontal or vertical4 and causes the

shaft on the generator to sweep past the magnetic coils creating an electric current.

• 20!d Ln*t,

This is important because the length of the blade is directly proportional to the swept area.

arger blades have a greater swept area and thus catch more wind with each revolution.

/ecause of this, they may also have more tor%ue.

• 2!# H*,t

The height of the base affects the windmill immensely. The higher a windmill is, the more

productive it will be due to the fact that as the altitude increases so does the wind speed.

• 2!# D#*n

ome base is stronger than others. /ase is important in the construction of the windmill

because not only do they have to support the windmill, but they must also be subAect to

their own weight and the drag of the wind. If a weak tower is subAect to these elements,

then it will surely collapse. Therefore, the base must be identical so as to insure a fair

comparison.

• T- S-d R!to

The tip speed ratio is very important. The tip speed ratio is directly proportional to the

windmill's productivity. It is how many times the blades rotate greater than the wind

speed.

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE WIND TUR2INE


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2ASE DIMENSIONS

Geight 000.*cm

6idth 80.++cm

/readth 0@@cm

2LADE DIMENSIONS

Geight >9cm

iameter 0@@cm

Thickness 1.0cm

&ngle +( °

&ngle b?w blades *1°

SHAFT DIMENSIONS

iameter @.(+cm

ength 80.++cm

PULLEY DIMENSIONS

iameter @-cm

Gole iameter @.(+cm

Tot!0 H*,t o) t, !##/b0+ 378./

Cnt$ D#t!n. o) Pu00+ 991:./


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2LOCK DIAGRAM OF WIND POWER GENERATION

6I# 6I# THB/I#E 6I#

&! &TEB#&T$B

E#EBC T$B&CE

$& HTIIU&TI$#


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DESIGN OF ASSEM2LY


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DESIGNING OF WINDMILLS

& wind mill is machine for wind energy conversion. & wind turbine converts the

kinetic energy of the winds motion to mechanical energy transmitted by the shaft.

& generator further converts it to electrical energy. o it is necessary to keep in

mind, while designing the windmills structural part.

D#*n o) 2!#

In this proAect there is a pole base which is made up of mild steel can be with stand,

in large force of wind. The base D its height are related to cost and transmission

system incorporated. o the height of our base is 00(cm. D width at bottom is

0@-cm D at top is 0@@cm

D#*n o) b0!d

6ind turbine blades have on aerofoil type cross section and a

variable pitch. 6hile designing the si"e of blade it is must to know the weight and

cost of blades in the proAect six blade with vertical shaft are used, it has a height D

width of >9cm D 0@@cm respectively.. The angle between two blades is *1 1. o if

one /lade moves other blades comes in the position of first blade, so the speed is

increases.

S,!)t D#*nn*

6hile designing the shaft of blades it should be properly fitted to the

blade. The shaft should be as possible as less in thickness D light in weight for the

six blade, the shaft used is very thin in si"e are all properly fitted. o no problem of

slipping D fraction is created, it is made up of hollow &luminium which is having

very light weight. ength of shaft D diameter are 80.++cmD @.(+cm respectively.

&nd at the top and bottom ends mild steel of length -cm and 0(cm respectively are

fixed to give strength to the hollow shaft.


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P$n.-0 o) O-$!ton o) A0t$n!to$

&lternators generate electricity by the same principle as ! generators, namely, when the

magnetic field around a conductor changes, a current is induced in the conductor.

Typically, a rotating magnet called the rotor turns within a stationary set of conductors

wound in coils on an iron core, called the stator . The field cuts across the conductors,

generating an induced E;, as the mechanical input causes the rotor to turn.

The rotating magnetic field induces an &! voltage in the stator windings. $ften there are

three sets of stator windings, physically offset so that the rotating magnetic field produces

three phase currents, displaced by one)third of a period with respect to each other.

The rotor magnetic field may be produced by induction 3in a 7brushless7 alternator4, by

permanent magnets 3in very small machines4, or by a rotor winding energi"ed with direct

current through slip rings and brushes. The rotor magnetic field may even be provided by

stationary field winding, with moving poles in the rotor. &utomotive alternators

invariably use a rotor winding, which allows control of the alternator generated voltage

by varying the current in the rotor field winding. Permanent magnet machines avoid the

loss due to magneti"ing current in the rotor, but are restricted in si"e, owing to the cost of

the magnet material. ince the permanent magnet field is constant, the terminal voltage

varies directly with the speed of the generator. /rushless &! generators are usually larger

machines than those used in automotive applications.

En$*+ #to$!* 6 b!tt$+

The output of generator is given to the battery for electric energy storage

purpose. The capacity of the battery is up to 0@ 5. Cenerally this battery is lead

acid type battery and also restorable. The supply of generator is given to the battery through a diode.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_ringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_rings


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CALCULATION

THEORTICAL CALCULATIONS


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The wind mill works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of the wind to

mechanical energy. The kinetic energy of any particle is e%ual to one half its mass

times the s%uare of its velocity, or J mv@.

K1E;< /'=

1 LLLLLLL.. 304 K1E ; kinetic energy

/ ; mass

' ; velocity,

is e%ual to its 5olume multiplied by its density ρ of air

M ; AV LLLLLLL.. 3@4

ubstituting e%u3@4 in e%u304

6e get,.

K E ; < AV1V=

K E ; < AV9 (!tt#

K density of air 3 0.@@( kg?m9 4

A ; D= 6> 3 %. m 4

D K diameter of the blade

A ; ?431==5 = 6>

A ; 313@S1/

&vailable wind power Pa ; 4< D= V9 56>

TRAIL 3

;$B 5E$!IT +.(m?s

P ; 368 D= V9 (!tt


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P! ; 4< D= V9 56>

P! ; 41:9 56>

P! ; @:1=>>(!tt

TRAIL =

;$B 5E$!IT (.(m?s

P! ; 4< D= V9 56>

P! ; 4


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APPLICATIONS & ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS OF WIND ENERGY


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6ind)turbine generators have been built a wide range of power outputs from

kilowatt or so to a few thousand kilowatts, machine of low power can generate

sufficient electricity for space heating D cooling D for operating domestic

appliances.ow power 6E! generators have been used for many years for the corrosion

protection of buried metal pipe lines.

&pplication of more powerful turbines upto about (1kw, are for operating irrigation

pumps. #avigational signal. &ero generators in the intermediate power range,

roughly 011 to @( kw can supply electricity to isolated populations.


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ADVANTAGE OF VERTICAL AIS WIND TUR2INE OVER

HORIONTAL AIS WIND TUR2INE

There are several reasons why I would choose a vertical axis wind turbine over ahori"ontal axis windmill .

• ;irst, they are mounted lower to the ground making it easy for maintenance if

needed.

• econd, they start creating electricity at speeds of only * mph. &nd

• Third, they may be able to be built at locations where taller structures, such as the

hori"ontal type, can't be.

• Gigher power utili"ation)) @1V higher than G&6T.• ower noise level))only @>)9> /, suitable for your living condition.

• afer operation))pin at slower speeds than hori"ontal turbines, decreasing the

risk of inAuring birds and also decreasing noise level.

• impler installation and maintenance)) besides the traditional installation site, it

can be mounted directly on a rooftop, doing away with the tower and associated

guy lines.

• #ot affected by orientation variationWno matter the wind blow from any

orientation, 5&6T can work without regard to its face.• Economical and practical)&lthough one)time investment expenses is larger, but

you dont have to pay higher tariffs forever.

Ad'!nt!*#


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• It is a renewable source of energy.

• 6ind power system are non)polluting so it has no adverse influence on the

environment.

• 6ind energy system avoid fuel provision and transport.

• $n a small scale up to a few kilowatt system is less costly.

• $n a large scale costs can be competitive conventional electricity and lower

costs could be achieved by mass production.

• They are always facing the wind ) no need for steering into the wind.

• Gave greater surface area for energy capture )can be many times greater.

• &re more efficient in gusty winds already facing the gust.

• X!an be installed in more locations ) on roofs, along highways, in parking lots.

• !an be scaled more easily ) from milliwatts to megawatts.

• !an have low maintenance downtime ) mechanisms at or near ground level.• Produce less noise ) low speed means less noise

• The rotor can take wind from every direction.


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under less than ideal sitting conditions. It is hoped that they may be constructed used

high)strength, low) weight materials for deployment in more developed nations and

settings or with very low tech local materials and local skills in less developed countries.


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2I2LIOGRAPHY

2I2LIOGRAPHY

http://ezinearticles.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/


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LINE DIAGRAM

20!d D!*$!/


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2!# D!*$!/

PHOTOS


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ASSEM2LY OF WIND TUR2INE

ALTERNATOR

Documents

88910213-Project-Report.docx