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Aid provided by Turkey to Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh As of 1 January 2021

General Overview

In 1977, Myanmar (then known as Burma) launched Operation Dragon King in Rakhine state and stripped the Rohingya ethnic minority of their citizenship. Being considered illegal in their own country of residen-ce, the Rohingya were forced to leave their homes. Operation Dragon King included mass arrests and persecution of the Rohingya people, which drove around 200,000 people to cross the border to Bangla-desh.

In 1989, approximately 250,000 Rohingya �ed to Bangladesh as they were reportedly subject to compul-sory labour, forced relocation, execution, torture and rape. Amid the Rohingya crisis being on the contem-porary global agenda, the United Nations Independent International fact-finding mission found that the Myanmar military committed ‘routine and systematic’ sexual violence against the Rohingya ethnic minori-ties. This abuse also included children.

Following these violent attacks, with continuous systematic discrimination, statelessness and targeted violence in Rakhine state, the Rohingya refugee crisis has remained on the international agenda since 2016. In Myanmar, entire villages where the Rohingya lived were burned, families were separated and killed and women and girls were gang raped. Following these systematic abuses, August 2017 saw the largest and fastest wave of refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh. Between August 2017 and March 2020, it has been stated that over 900,000 Rohingya �ed to Ukhiya and Teknaf Upazila in Cox’s Bazar. The vast majority of Rohingya refugees live in 34 extremely congested camps, including the largest single site, the Kutupa-long-Balukhali Expansion site, which hosts approximately 625,000 refugees. With temporary shelter and refugee camps scattered around Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh is now home to the world’s largest refugee camp.

According to UNICEF, there are currently an estimated 75,971 children under three years of age in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar. This constitutes 9% of the total refugee population. The implication is that almost all of them were born after their mothers �ed to Bangladesh. An estimated 108,047 mostly Rohing-ya children have been born in confinement in Bangladesh and Myanmar over the past several years. They are living in conditions not suitable for children, with limited access to education and healthcare, no freedom of movement and almost entirely dependent on aid.

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57,500 hygiene packages have been distributed by Turkish organisations to Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar. Approximately 345,000 people benefited from this aid.

The Turkish organisations included in this report are AFAD, TIKA, the Turkish Red Crescent, Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) and Yardimeli International Humanitarian Aid Association. This report only includes aid provided by these organisations between 2018 and November 2020. UN News, Myanmar military committed ‘routine, systematic’ sexual violence against ethnic minorities, UN experts find,’ 22 August, 2019OCHA, Rohingya Refugee Crisis

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891,649 17,218 553,221food parcels bamboo shelters medical patients

Aid provided by Turkey to Rohingya refugees between 2018 and 2020

Washing machine facilities have been established in camps in order to provide Rohingya refugees with the equipment and clean water required to wash clothes. This is important as refugees usually wash their clothes by hand, usually without clean water.

A Women-Friendly Wash facility, which includes integrated toilets for disabled women, bathing facilities, laundry facilities and a deep tube well has also been constructed by the Turkish Red Crescent in the Kutupalong Area. In addition to toilets, 215 showers have also been constructed in camps across Cox’s Bazar. These are facilities that will keep continuing in number as their remains constant demand.

A total of 401 toilets have been constructed in camps across Cox’s Bazar. The construction of such facilities is on increasing demand due to the fact that these are shared spaces and the increase of such facilities will decrease the number of people using the same WC, thus increasing levels of hygiene across the camps.

In addition to toilets, 215 showers have also been constructed in camps across Cox’s Bazar. These are facili-ties that will keep continuing in number as their remains constant demand.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to spread awareness and minimise the spread of the virus, the Turkish Red Crescent have conducted workshops and campaigns on hygiene and sanitation and have reached to approximately 16,350 people in this regard.

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In order to provide Rohingya refugees with secure shelter AFAD constructed 4,570 bamboo shelters, being home to 23,000 people. Being of around 17m2 and 2 rooms, AFAD’s bamboo shelters are relatively bigger in size than those constructed by other international organizations. AFAD’s bamboo shelters are constructed on concrete rather than mud, which makes the houses more secure and durable. The use of natural leaves on AFAD bamboo shelters protects from hot weather conditions and also allows for some breeze in the house. More, these shelters will be covered in tarpaulin in order to protect from rains and increase the quality of these homes.

In addition to AFAD, other Turkish organizations have also constructed bamboo shelters. In total, apart from AFAD, 12,683 shelters were constructed by Turkiye Diyanet Foundation (2,000), the Turkish Red Crescent (1,212), IHH (9,336) and Sadakataşı Association (135), being home to around 75,888 people.

In addition to bamboo shelters, 3,510 tents have also been established as living spaces for Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar.

In order to protect refugees from cold weathers 94,609 blankets were distributed to Rohingya refugees in camps.

Soil across the camps in Cox’s Bazar need artificial drainage in order to improve the management of water supplies. Due to this need, 15,000 ft drainage systems were constructed for 1,700 households.

359 solar panels and 111 batteries were also installed, which provide electricity supply to over 1,212 shelters. In addition, 263 lightening poles have been placed in areas that require improvement in lightening.

200 support kits were also provided, benefiting around 1,200 people. These support kits include �oor mats, water pots, emergency lights, plastic bowls, ladle, a 6-set fork and spoon, silver patil, melamine pots, knives, mosquito net and a toy set. 1,200 Shelter Tie-down kits were also distributed along with 500 kg of rope.

6,250 tarpaulin was also provided in order to be used in the construction and repair of bamboo shelters for Rohingya refugees.

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All activities conducted by the Turkish Red Crescent have been held in partnership with the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BRCS).4







Kutupalong RC18,223

Kutupalong Expansion 613,272

Bagghona 21,838

Unchiprang 22,215

Alikhali 9,497

Leda 33,540Nayapara41,007

Jadimura 14,269

Nayapara RC 27,267

Shamlapur 10,210

Chakmarkul 13,172

Jamtoli 49,400

Hakimpara 31,912

RC= refugee campsFigures are for refugees incamps as at / January 2020

Map showing the different refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh and location of Myanmar.

RAKHINESTATE

River Naf

Source: Inter Sector Co-ordination Group

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Turkish Organizationsin Cox’s Bazar

Prepared by Turkey’s Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), this report provides information on the international humanitarian aid activities conducted by AFAD and other Turkish government and non-government organisa-tions between 2018 and 2020. The activities of those instituti-ons included in this report are AFAD, TIKA, Turkish Red Cres-cent, Turkiye Diyanet Foundati-on, Humanitarian Relief Foun-dation (IHH), Yardimeli Interna-tional Humanitarian Aid Associ-ation, Earth Favor Movement and Sadkataşı Association. The activities of all organisations will be provided under Food Security, Shelter, Health, WASH, Faith and Other Non-Food Needs subheadings.

Since the outbreak of the Rohingya refugee crisis and the wave of migration to Bangladesh, AFAD has estab-lished an o�ice in Cox’s Bazar and ensures the availability of personnel in the camps in order to ensure aid is delivered coherently and regularly. The personnel located in Cox’s Bazar conduct needs assessments and lead humanitarian missions in the area and also manage the hospital. AFAD personnel located in Bangladesh also remain in close contact and coordination with the local Bangladeshi authorities, the Turkish Embassy, the United Nations and local and international NGOs.

In addition to AFAD personnel, members of other Turkish organizations are also actively present at the camp in Cox’s Bazar. The Turkish Ministry of Health allocates doctors and nurses to the field hospital in Cox’s Bazar, while the Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, TIKA and the Turkish Red Crescent have o�ices in Bangladesh where they coordinate their field operations in Cox’s Bazar. Personnel from all Turkish organizations are in close contact with the Turkish Embassy in Dhaka and all field operations are conducted in cooperation with one another.

In order to provide Rohingya refugees with secure shelter AFAD constructed 4,570 bamboo shelters, being home to 23,000 people. Being of around 17m2 and 2 rooms, AFAD’s bamboo shelters are relatively bigger in size than those constructed by other international organizations. AFAD’s bamboo shelters are constructed on concrete rather than mud, which makes the houses more secure and durable. The use of natural leaves on AFAD bamboo shelters protects from hot weather conditions and also allows for some breeze in the house. More, these shelters will be covered in tarpaulin in order to protect from rains and increase the quality of these homes.

In addition to AFAD, other Turkish organizations have also constructed bamboo shelters. In total, apart from AFAD, 12,683 shelters were constructed by Turkiye Diyanet Foundation (2,000), the Turkish Red Crescent (1,212), IHH (9,336) and Sadakataşı Association (135), being home to around 75,888 people.

In addition to bamboo shelters, 3,510 tents have also been established as living spaces for Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar.

In order to protect refugees from cold weathers 94,609 blankets were distributed to Rohingya refugees in camps.

Soil across the camps in Cox’s Bazar need artificial drainage in order to improve the management of water supplies. Due to this need, 15,000 ft drainage systems were constructed for 1,700 households.

359 solar panels and 111 batteries were also installed, which provide electricity supply to over 1,212 shelters. In addition, 263 lightening poles have been placed in areas that require improvement in lightening.

200 support kits were also provided, benefiting around 1,200 people. These support kits include �oor mats, water pots, emergency lights, plastic bowls, ladle, a 6-set fork and spoon, silver patil, melamine pots, knives, mosquito net and a toy set. 1,200 Shelter Tie-down kits were also distributed along with 500 kg of rope.

6,250 tarpaulin was also provided in order to be used in the construction and repair of bamboo shelters for Rohingya refugees.

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1. Shelter

Between 2018-2020, 901,992 food parcels and 1,000 kg of other dry foods were distributed to Rohingya refugees in camps across Cox’s Bazar. All Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar benefited from this aid.

During the holy month of Ramadan, hot meals were provided to 14,865 people.

In addition to hot meals, 104,168 Ramadan packets were also distributed during Ramadan.

To help Rohingya people with the quality of food that they cook, 15,000 spice and seasoning packets were also distributed.

During Eid Al-Adha, around 450,000 people benefited from the distribution of Qurban meat. This is notable due to the fact that people living in the Kutupalong Refugee Camp hardly have access to meat as it is expensi-ve, thus making Qurban meat distributed during Eid Al-Adha the only time they get to eat red meat.


2. Food Security

3. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)







Map showing the different refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh and location of Myanmar.



4. Health







26,231 13,587 60,102

Child 35,123 52,015 82,883

T 7,686

7,595

18,893

5,415

14,831

6,145 16,540

0 466 466

2,754 2,883 7,373

151,253 70,357 292,587

T 238,988 133,156 512,101

6,109 1,693 18,426

Internal Medicine 20,284

ren 22,745

Orthopedics and raumatology

3,612

Obstetrics and Gynecology

4,544 4,872

General Surgery 5,435 4,960

Dental 0

Pediatric Surgery 1,736

General

Accident andEmergency ,Service

otal 139,957

10,624

Table 1. Number of patients that have received medical aid from the field hospital in Cox’s Bazar since 2018

Polyclinics 2018 2019 2020 TOTAL

To help contribute improving the mental and physical health of children, 4 parks and playgrounds were constructed by AFAD across camps in Cox’s Bazar. These parks are important as they provide children with the opportunity to play with other children and provide the opportunity to decrease the trauma they experienced in their escape from persecution and violence in Myanmar.

In addition to the parks, 4,000 toys were distributed to Rohingya children in the camps.

Many refugee children in Cox’s Bazar do not have any clothes to wear. This imminent problem is trying to be solved by AFAD and other agencies that are currently operating in Bangladesh. Within this scope, between 2018 and 2020 distributed 6,880 items of clothing and 8,000 sandals were distributed.

Due to weather conditions in Bangladesh, 48,992 umbrellas have been distributed across the Kutupalong Refugee Camp to protect refugees from severe heat. 5,500 rain coats were also distributed during the monsoon season.

200 stoves and 200 gas cylinders have also been provided in the camp area, reaching to around 24,000 people.

He Turkish Diyanet Foundation also distributed 2,100 Ramadan presents to people in Boiddho Guna, allowing people to welcome Eid with joy and happiness.

AFAD’s most comprehensive mission in Bangladesh involves the Turkish Field Hospital that was built in the Kutupalong region for the provision of healthcare services to Rohingya refugees. This hospital is run in coordination with Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. While doctors and nurses from Turkey are allocated to work at this hospital, local medical experts and professionals are also employed to provide emergency medical assistance. The hospital consists of 8 polyclinics; internal medicine, children, orthopaedics and traumatology, obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, dental, pediatric surgery, and accident and emergency service. All medical supplies and other expenses, including the salaries of all workers at the hospital are covered by AFAD.

To help prevent the spread of Covid-19, in cooperation with the European Union Civil Protection Mecha-nism (EUCPM) 2,000 N95 masks, 2,000 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 10,000 surgical masks and 4 ventilators were provided to the Bangladesh Ministry of Health with the aim of being distributed in camps.

Under COVID-19 precautions, 5,035 soaps were delivered to families across the camps. 20,000 face masks were also delivered to 11,000 people (two masks per person) to help prevent the spread of the virus.









40 water wells have been constructed across camps in Cox’s Bazar in order to improve access to clean drinking water.


1 primary health centre and 2 health posts have also been established by AFAD and the Turkish Red Cres-cent in the camps, providing refugees with primary health care services. Operated by the Turkish Red Cres-cent, these health centres began operating in their full capacity in early 2020 and since then have provided primary medical healthcare to nearly 42,000 patients.

January 4,620 1,830 621 7,071

February 1,860 1,557 1,522 4,939

Ma rch 1,166 1,486 860 3,512

April 471 519 449 1,439

May 361 342 782 1,485

June 309 405 1,076 1,790

July 865 782 1,967 3,614

August 1,231 1,007 1,647 3,885

September 1,222 1,523 1,741 4,486

October 979 1,509 1,867 4,355

November 848 1,265 2,431 4,544

December 13,932 12,225 14,963 41,120

Total 1,447 1,655 3,930 7,032

Table 2. Patients that have received primary health care from health centres since the beginning of 2020

Month Camp-5 Camp-22 Camp-20Ext. OT TAL









Providing social space and multi-purpose areas is a vital service for refugees in the Kutupalong Refugee Camp, as they are not allowed to leave the premise. In partnership with UNICEF, TIKA established 5 multi-purpose education facilities in camps across Cox’s Bazar with the intention of providing refugees a safe space in holding activities. These facilities are accessed by around 5,000 people.

The Turkish Red Crescent’s Community Centre in Camp 17 is open to all Rohingya refugees. The commu-nity centre provides various activities and informative seminars on issues ranging from human tra�icking and gambling, activities on audio and visual advocacy and WASH activities including seminars on the correct way to wash hands and how to store water safely. The impact of sports and outdoor activities is always emphasized in improving the mental health of refugees. In this regard, the TRC’s community centre provides outdoor and indoor games and other psychological support including counselling.

In partnership with local schools, equipment has been provided to schools providing education to autistic and partially blind children. Such material includes a treadmill, school bus, clothes, and other electrical equipment such as scanners, printers and computers.

In addition to providing equipment to autistic children, with the cooperation of local partners, aid has been provided to improve the environment of schools and help renovation e�orts.

Sports has been proved to be of significance to the provision of healthy mental state and therefore is an activity that allows for Rohingya refugees to bare the conditions that they are currently living in. In additi-on to multi-purpose centres, a football and volleyball pitch has also been constructed. Relevant sports equipment, including footballs, volleyballs and badminton rackets were distributed.

Scholarships have been provided to 280 students by the Türkiye Diyanet Foundation, IHH, Sadakataşı Association, Yardımeli International Humanitarian Aid Assocation and Earth Favor Movement to study at the Cox’s Bazar International University and the International Islamic University Chittagong.

6 schools were built in the Kutupalong Refugee Camp by the Türkiye Diyanet Foundation, Earth Favor Movement, and Sadakataşı Association benefiting around 650 people. These schools were also equipped with the required stationery for children to maintain their educations and budgets were spared each year to fulfil these needs.

A sewing class and soap workshop has been established by the IHH, reaching to around 4,000 people and providing them with skills that they can adopt in order to contribute to their home economies. 440 sewing machines were provided for these people in order to increase their ability of generating income for their families. These workshops focus on skill training and self-resilience, with the aim of empowering women.

5. Education








6. Non-Food Items







The majority of Rohingya refugees who have �ed Myanmar are of Islamic faith. Their faith has also been one of the reasons why they were persecuted and tortured in their home countries.

In order to allow for Rohingya refugees to practice their faith freely 6 prayer rooms and a şardıvan (an area used to perform wudu; the Islamic procedure for cleansing parts of the body, otherwise known as abluti-on) has been constructed.

In addition to the construction of new prayer rooms, existing prayer rooms have been renovated.

A madrasah (theological school) was also constructed, providing theological education to around 1,000 people.

4 bamboo bridges have been repaired by the Türkiye Diyanet Foundation across the Kutupalong Refugee Camp used by approximately 450,000 people.

The bridges in the Kutupalong Camp are usually made from bamboo, generally requiring repairs after a short while. In order to ensure a safer and durable bridge, in March 2019, TIKA constructed a bridge using steel, connecting camps 1 and 2.

7. Faith

8. Infrastructure








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