8th Grade Review “Things I should know… but that was 3 ½ years ago!!”

8th Grade8th Grade ReviewReview

““Things I should know…Things I should know…

but that was but that was 33½½ years years ago!!”ago!!”

Explain the Explain the significance of the significance of the following following datesdates … …

16071607 The English establish The English establish JamestownJamestown

(first permanent (first permanent settlement)settlement)17761776 The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence Independence

(signed JULY 4(signed JULY 4thth 1776) 1776)

17871787US ConstitutionUS Constitution

writtenwritten in Philadelphiain Philadelphia(creates federal (creates federal

government)government) 18031803 Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

(bought by Thomas (bought by Thomas Jefferson)Jefferson)

1861-18651861-1865Civil WarCivil War

Explain the roles Explain the roles played by the played by the

following following individualsindividuals during the American during the American

Revolution …Revolution …

PEOPLEPEOPLE

Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams

Helped form the Helped form the CommitteeCommitteeof Correspondenceof Correspondence((This committee coordinated This committee coordinated resistance throughout the resistance throughout the

coloniescolonies.).)

PEOPLEPEOPLE

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Contributed to theContributed to theDeclaration of Declaration of

IndependenceIndependence

Contributed to the Contributed to the ConstitutionConstitution

PEOPLEPEOPLE

King George IIIKing George III

King of England at the timeKing of England at the timeof the American Revolutionof the American Revolution

PEOPLEPEOPLE

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

1.1.Author of DeclarationAuthor of Declarationof Independenceof Independence

2.2.Governor of VirginiaGovernor of Virginia

3.3.Minister to FranceMinister to France

4.4.Secretary of StateSecretary of State

PEOPLEPEOPLE


5.5.Third President of theThird President of theUnited States (United States (1801-18091801-1809))

6.6.Authorized theAuthorized theLouisiana Purchase (Louisiana Purchase (18031803))as Presidentas President

PEOPLEPEOPLE

Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette

French officerFrench officer(assisted American forces (assisted American forces

in the in the War for Independence)War for Independence)

PEOPLEPEOPLE

Thomas PaineThomas Paine

WriterWriter((Common SenseCommon Sense))

Convinced many to support a Convinced many to support a complete break withcomplete break withGreat BritainGreat Britain

PEOPLEPEOPLE

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

1.1.Army GeneralArmy General

2.2.President of constitutional President of constitutional conventionconvention

3.3.First President (First President (1789-17971789-1797))

Explain the Explain the significance of the significance of the following following important important

documentsdocuments … …

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Agreement in which settlers of Agreement in which settlers of Plymouth Colony agreed to Plymouth Colony agreed to

obey obey their government’s their government’s lawslaws

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Why was it written?Why was it written?

““Dear John letter”Dear John letter”

British government would British government would not not allow colonists to allow colonists to have the have the same rights as same rights as otherother

British citizensBritish citizens

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Who wrote it?Who wrote it?


When was it signed?When was it signed? July 4July 4thth 1776 1776

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Main Ideas, section 1Main Ideas, section 1

Unalienable Rights statedUnalienable Rights stated((life, liberty, pursuit of life, liberty, pursuit of

happinesshappiness))

If government fails, the If government fails, the people people have a right to have a right to change it.change it.

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


Accuses King George III of Accuses King George III of failing to uphold the failing to uphold the

rights rights of the colonistsof the colonists

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


States that the Colonies States that the Colonies areare

an independent an independent nation,nation,

separate from Great separate from Great BritainBritain

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation((1777, went into effect in 17811777, went into effect in 1781))WEAKNESSESWEAKNESSES

Congress could notCongress could not::Regulate trade between Regulate trade between statesstates

Impose taxesImpose taxes

Amend the Articles without Amend the Articles without the the approval of approval of all 13 all 13 statesstates

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Federalist PapersFederalist Papers

Supported the ConstitutionSupported the Constitution

Supported a strongSupported a strongnational governmentnational government

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

US Constitution (US Constitution (17871787))

3 Branches of Government3 Branches of Government1.1.Executive BranchExecutive Branch

((President, enforces lawsPresident, enforces laws))2.2.Legislative BranchLegislative Branch

((Congress, makes lawsCongress, makes laws))

3.3.Judicial BranchJudicial Branch((Supreme Court, interprets Supreme Court, interprets

lawlaw))

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

System in which each of System in which each of the branches of the federal the branches of the federal government can check the government can check the actions of the other actions of the other branchesbranches

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


3 Examples of 3 Examples of Unalienable Unalienable RightsRights

LifeLife

LibertyLiberty

The pursuit of happinessThe pursuit of happiness

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Ensures that the Ensures that the peoplepeople hold final authority in all hold final authority in all mattersmatters

““People power”People power”

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


RepublicanismRepublicanism

Form of government in Form of government in which the will of the which the will of the people is expressed people is expressed through through representativesrepresentatives who are elected to who are elected to create/enforce lawscreate/enforce laws

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


FederalismFederalism

Division of power between Division of power between the national & state the national & state governmentsgovernments

Certain powers are shared Certain powers are shared by both (by both (concurrentconcurrent))

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


Before the Constitution was Before the Constitution was ratified, it required aratified, it required a

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

The first 10 Amendments The first 10 Amendments make up the Bill of Rights.make up the Bill of Rights.

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


1.1.Freedom of:Freedom of: SpeechSpeech

PressPress

ReligionReligion

AssemblyAssembly

Right to petition the governmentRight to petition the government

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


2.2.Right to bear armsRight to bear arms

3.3.Civilians will not be forced to Civilians will not be forced to house soldiershouse soldiers

4.4.Protection against Protection against unreasonable unreasonable searches by searches by law enforcement law enforcement officersofficers

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


5.5.Right of a person under arrest Right of a person under arrest to to know why he/she was know why he/she was arrestedarrested

Right to refuse to testify Right to refuse to testify against against him/herselfhim/herself

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


6.6.Right to a speedy trialRight to a speedy trial

Right to a public trialRight to a public trialby a jury of peersby a jury of peers

7.7.Right to a trial by juryRight to a trial by juryin civil casesin civil cases

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


8.8.Protection against excessive Protection against excessive bailbail

Protection against cruel andProtection against cruel andunusual punishmentunusual punishment

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


9.9.Rights not specifically listed in Rights not specifically listed in the the Constitution are not Constitution are not automatically denied to the automatically denied to the people.people.

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS


10.10.Guarantee that the Guarantee that the people/states people/states are to keep are to keep those powers not those powers not specifically specifically granted to the granted to the federal federal governmentgovernment

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

How did the following How did the following contribute to the contribute to the Representative Representative

GovernmentGovernment established established during the Colonial time during the Colonial time

period?period?

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Magna CartaMagna Carta Signed by King John in Signed by King John in ADAD

12151215

Limits the power of the Limits the power of the monarchmonarch

Taxes could not be collected Taxes could not be collected without the approval of without the approval of ParliamentParliament

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights ((16891689)) Monarchs could not do the Monarchs could not do the following without consent following without consent from from Parliament:Parliament:

Institute any taxesInstitute any taxes

Create any lawCreate any law

Maintain an army during peace Maintain an army during peace timetime

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS (mas o menos)(mas o menos)

Enlightenment (Enlightenment (1700s1700s)) Use of Reason to improve Use of Reason to improve

society society and governmentand government

Governments owed certain Governments owed certain responsibilities to their responsibilities to their citizens.citizens.

Government power should be Government power should be limited.limited.

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS (mas o menos)(mas o menos)

DistanceDistance The Colonies were too far The Colonies were too far

away.away.

They developed their own They developed their own version version of Parliament.of Parliament.

The American The American RevolutionRevolution

AMERICAN REVOLUTIONAMERICAN REVOLUTION

Why did we rebel againstWhy did we rebel againstthe British?the British?

1.1.Imposing Imposing taxestaxes without without approvalapproval

2.2.Forcing colonists to houseForcing colonists to houseBritish British soldierssoldiers

3.3.Denying Denying trial by jurytrial by jury


Why did we rebel againstWhy did we rebel againstthe British?the British?

4.4.Prohibiting Prohibiting tradetrade with withother nationsother nations

5.5.Denying Denying representationrepresentationin Parliamentin Parliament


Significant BattlesSignificant Battles Lexington Lexington ((April 1775April 1775))

““Shot heard ‘round the Shot heard ‘round the world”world”

ConcordConcord

Americans defeat BritishAmericans defeat British

(Start of American (Start of American Revolution)Revolution)


Significant BattlesSignificant Battles Saratoga Saratoga ((Summer 1777Summer 1777))

Turning point inTurning point inRevolutionary WarRevolutionary War

Convinced France to helpConvinced France to helpthe Coloniesthe Colonies


Significant BattlesSignificant Battles Yorktown Yorktown ((17811781))

The last battle of the The last battle of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

Cornwallis surrenders toCornwallis surrenders toWashingtonWashington


Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Officially ended theOfficially ended the

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

Britain recognized the Britain recognized the independence of theindependence of the

United StatesUnited States

The Civil WarThe Civil War

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

Explain how states’ rights Explain how states’ rights and the nullification crisis and the nullification crisis

led to the Civil War.led to the Civil War.

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

States’ Rights &States’ Rights &the Nullification Crisisthe Nullification Crisis

Major disputes between Major disputes between Southern & federal Southern & federal

government over federalismgovernment over federalism

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR


Congress passes tariffsCongress passes tariffs

Higher prices angered Higher prices angered SouthernersSoutherners

South Carolina claims the South Carolina claims the states’ states’ right to nullifyright to nullify

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR


They threaten to secede.They threaten to secede.

A compromise is reached…A compromise is reached…

But the Civil War is not far But the Civil War is not far behind.behind.

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR (afterward)(afterward)

Constitutional Constitutional AmendmentsAmendments13.13.Ended SlaveryEnded Slavery

14.14.Equal protection under the Equal protection under the lawlaw

15.15.Right to vote forRight to vote forAfrican American menAfrican American men

Documents

8th Grade Review “Things I should know… but that was 3 ½ years ago!!”