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7/29/2019 9 Chemical Spill Response_9
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Chemical Spill Responseand Clean-up
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Emergency Notification
and Response
The notification and emergency response
procedure for accidents and incidents should be
written and understood by everyone.
A rapid and effective response helps insure
injured persons receive rapid and correct medical
attention and/or that incidents are quickly
contained and controlled, and that effects anddamage to people, facilities, the environment and
the community are minimized.
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Size of spill determines response
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Chemical Laboratory First Aid
First aid kits for minor injuries should be centrallylocated and available in or nearby eachlaboratory.
Use for minor accidents/incidents. Determine if medical attention is necessary.
Immediately notify proper authorities, ifnecessary or in doubt.
Determine if chemical exposure occurred. If necessary, take immediate preventative action
to make lab safe, e.g., shut down reactions,electricity, etc.
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Chemical Laboratory
First Aid
Wounds: If bleeding is profuse, apply steady, direct pressure over the
wound using a sterile dressing, if possible, or clean cloth.
Keep the wound as clean as possible.
Remove or cut away any clothing covering the wound.
Flush with water to wash out loose dirt and debris.
Do NOT try to remove foreign matter embedded in the wound
If there is an impaled object, Do NOT try to remove it. Effortsto do so may cause severe bleeding and further damage.
Control bleeding by direct pressure, but do not applypressure on the impaled object itself or on immediatelyadjacent tissues.
Stabilize the impaled object with a bulky dressing.
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Chemical Laboratory
First Aid
Thermal Burns:
Immerse burned area in cold water or apply cold
compresses for 30 minutes
Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays or
any other covering on any type of chemical burn.
Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters on the burn
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Chemical Laboratory
First Aid
Chemical Burns: Speed is essential.
Consult chemical labels & MSDS for special instructions.
Flush burn area immediately with water for 15 minutes.
Taking care not to spread the chemical, remove any
clothing,especially shoes and socks, that may be contaminated. Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering
on any type of burn.
Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters over the burn.
If chemicals splashed into the eyes: Flush the affected area with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present, as rapidly as possible, since theyprevent water from reaching the cornea.
Eyelids may have to be forced open so eyes can be totally flushed.
If particulate is in the eye, an eye wash should not be used.
Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering
on any type of burn.
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Emergency Equipment
- Internal communication/alarm system
Telephones (Label all phones with emergency numbers)
Alarm pull boxes
- External communication/alarm system
- Fire extinguishers
- Emergency eyewash and showers- Spill stations
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Knowledge Needed
- Location of emergency electrical circuitbreakers, shutoff valves, switches,
disconnects for building, area, laboratory,room, equipment
- Response procedures for personal
injuries/ exposures and emergencies
- Emergency evacuation routes (posted)
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Maintain Current Safety Data Sheets
- Attention to:
Chemical hazards
First aid information
Spill response
Firefighting information
Engineering controls
Stability and reactivity
Proper storage
Disposal considerations
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Maintain complete Spill Kits
Absorbent material
Absorbent pillows or powders
Activated carbon for organicsolvents
Neutralizing agents
Acid Neutralizerse.g., sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) powder
Base Neutralizers-e.g., citric acid
powder
Solvent Spills-activated carbon
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)- 2 pairs of chemical splash proof goggles
- Several pair of disposable gloves
- Disposable, charcoal (volatile, aerosol) respirators- Disposable aprons or jump suits
- Disposable shoe covers (for floor spills)
Spill Cleanup Preparation, contd.
Spill Kit should also contain:
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Additional cleanup equipment:- Plastic pail/bucket(s) with lids (large enough to
contain spill and cleanup material)
- Plastic dust pan
- Broom or brush
- Plastic bags
- Sealing tape
- pH paper
- Sign(s):
Danger Chemical Spi l l
Keep Out
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Two persons are required to use a Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
One person stands-by to rescue/assist the otherin case of a problem
Never rely on a single SCBA
Never use a SCBA alone
SCBAs must be well maintained and inspectedweekly if they are part of the safety program
SCBA Respirators
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Risk Assessment
What is the worst thing that could happen if a chemical was
dropped/spilled, etc.?
inconvenience
skin burns
fire
explosion
chemical exposure ( fatality; injury, permanent, temporary)
Know the worst case scenario for a spill.
How you would respond to a spill, emergency situation?
What are the appropriate clean-up and decontamination
procedures?
(Anticipation)
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Risk Assessment
What are the chemical, physical and toxicological
properties of the chemicals you are using?
What is the amount of chemical?
What are your knowledge and skills?
What are possible locations/conditions of a spill,
accident? Ask for assistance if you are unsure
Estimating Potential Hazards (Evaluation)
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Spill Cleanup Preparation
Risk Assessment
Route of exposure
Acute toxins Acids and corrosives
Lachrymators, irritants and allergens
Carcinogens, repro-toxins, etc. Biohazardous, radioactive material
Chemical Toxicity (Evaluation)
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Spill Cleanup
Risk Assessment
Hazardous locations
Ignition sources
Presence of other flammables
Store excess flammables in flammable
storage cabinets Use external flammable storage rooms for
large quantities.
Chemical Flammability (Evaluation)
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Spill Cleanup
Prevention
(Control)
Eliminate clutter
Purchase only amount of chemical required
Understand work practices and procedures
Use unbreakable secondary containers
Store chemicals properly
Dispose of waste and excess chemicals properly
and timely
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Cleanup Responsibilities
Laboratory Staff: Ensuring timely spill reporting and cleaned up
Cleaning up nuisance spills in their area, even if
someone else spills them (janitors, service people) Knowing the properties of what they work with
Taking reasonable steps to prevent spills
Specially trained Safety Cleanup Team:
Assist researchers not comfortable cleaning upspills (including nuisance spills)
Clean-up serious/major spills
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Nuisance Spills
Spills of < 4L of known hazard, that you
are comfortable cleaning up
Assess the hazard
Wear appropriate PPE
If unsure or need
assistance with PPEselection or cleanup, call
the Safety Cleanup team.
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Nuisance Chemical Spill
Cleanup Procedure
Alert people in immediate area
Post area
Confine spill
Absorb excess, surround area with absorbent material
Wear appropriate PPE
Avoid breathing aerosols
Use forceps, etc., to pickup broken glassware, etc.
Work from outer edge toward center to cleanup
Do not dry sweep
Clean spill area with soap & water, specific solvent or neutralizing
material (if known)
Collect contaminated absorbent, gloves, residues in plastic bag(s)
Label, with chemical name if possible, and dispose of waste properly
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Potentially Hazardous Spills
Spills of > 4L or
Smaller spills of:
- Low LD50 (high acute toxicity)- Carcinogens, repro-toxins, etc.
- Flammable liquids or metals
- Chemicals of unknown toxicity or hazards
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Potentially Hazardous Chemical
Spill Cleanup Procedure
Attend to injured/contaminated or exposed individuals.
Remove persons from the exposure without endangering yourself.
Alert persons in the immediate area to evacuate.
Consider people with disabilities.
If spill is flammable, turn off heat and ignition sources (if possible). Call Emergency Phone Number to report incident.
Post areaDanger, Keep Out! Hazardous Chemical Spill
Close doors to affected area.
Locate MSDS.
Assist Specialized Safety Cleanup personnel if you are
knowledgeable about the spill.
Only trained personnel shou ld do c leanup !
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Chemical Spill Response
Medical Treatment
Employer should provide the following medical services in
emergencies:
- Medical examination after exposures
- If exposures are above required/regulated levels of exposure
- Follow-up exams as necessary Employer should provide to the physician:
- Identity of chemical
- Description of exposure conditions
- Description of signs and symptoms of exposure Employer and victim should obtain a confidential written
report from the examining physician
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Maintain accurate records of accidents/incidents
response.
- All involved personnel
- Exposure measurements
- Medical examination, consultations- Medical tests
- Medical follow-ups
Records should be confidential and protected from
unauthorized disclosure.
Records should be shared with victim.
Chemical Spill Response
Record Keeping
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Mercury Exposure and Cleanup
Mercury metal exposure can cause severehealth problems: Tremors
Changes in vision or hearing
Insomnia
Weakness
Memory difficulty
Headaches
Irritability
Nervousness or shyness
Acrodynia (painful extremities) - a condi t ioncaused b y chron ic exposu re to mercury
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Mercury Exposure & Prevention
Routes of exposure
Inhalation
Main hazard
Evaporates releasing hazardous vapors Skin absorption
Personal Protective Equipment Required
Nitrile gloves
Safety glasses
Closed-toed shoes
Lab coat
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Mercury Spill Prevention
Trays should be used under equipment where mercury
is used.
Mercury beads, splashes, and rolls around.
Prevent mercury from entering cracks, crevices, and
drains. Cease activities.
Secure spill area, contain mercury spill area.
Restrict area until entire spill is cleaned up.
Do not walk in spill area.
Evacuate room via route away from spill.
Lower room temperature to reduce evaporation.
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Mercury Spill Cleanup
Spill powders can be used as temporary
controls:
Commercial spill kits are available
Or mix 85 grams of finely powdered sodiumthiosulfate with 15 grams of powdered EDTA
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Mercury Spill Cleanup
Cover spill from perimeter toward the center.
Remove debris:
Dispose of as hazardous waste and cleanup material (gloves,
towels, etc).
All waste should be placed in labeled, sealed, leak-proof,
containers.
Never dispose of mercury waste in sewer system.
Special vacuum cleaners designed to pick up mercurysafely are available for cleanup.
NEVER sweep up spill or use a regular vacuum.
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Other Mercury Spills
Cleanup Equipment
A side-arm flask connected to a vacuum pump or
sink aspirator can be used to vacuum up small
beads of mercury.
Mercury
Pipette
Glass
tube
Vacuum
Trap with Water
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Mercury Spill Cleanup
Special Precaution
Special attention should be given to cleaning
cracks and crevices where the mercury beads
may have settled.
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Mercury Spill Cleanup
Special Precautions
Large spills
Spills in confined areas with poor
ventilation
Spills in areas heated above room
temperature
Should be cleaned up by trained
personnel with protective equipment
There is a risk of high exposure to
mercury vapors in these situations.
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Acknowledgement
Mercury Spill Cleanup,
University of Wisconsin Safety Office
http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/LAB/labHg.html
http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/LAB/labHg.htmlhttp://www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/LAB/labHg.html7/29/2019 9 Chemical Spill Response_9
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Accident and Incident
Investigation
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Reporting Chemical
Incidents and Accidents
All accidents, incidents, or suspiciousoccurrences should be reported to thesupervisor, regardless of the perceived
seriousness of the incident.
Reporting helps indicate potential problemareas.
Reports serve as a basis for correctivemeasures to prevent accidents/incidents fromre-occurring with a more serious outcome.
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Serious Chemical
Accidents and Incidents
Should be reported in detail and shouldinclude:
- Cause of accident/incident- Place, time, personnel involved
- Diagram if necessary
- Type of contamination or hazard
- List of personnel possibly exposed
- Decontamination procedures
- Corrective actions taken
- Medical attention taken (if appropriate)
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Investigation and Prevention of
Chemical Laboratory Accidents
Emergency notification and response
Written report of accident/incident
Accident/Incident investigation response
Review/investigation of accident/incident Determination of Cause
Report and Implementation of Corrective Measures
Fol low-up
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Accident/Incident Investigation
Personnel
Laboratory staff exposed or
involved in accident/incident
Laboratory Supervisor
Safety/Security staff
Medical personnel
Administrative personnel
Safety/Security Committee
External experts, if needed
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Written Accident/Incident Report
A well written A/I Report provides quality
information and data for investigation and
remediation.
Complete and accurate A/I information is
critical to investigate the circumstances
and to help prevent against future A/Ioccurrences.
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Accident/Incidence
Investigation Response
Have a written procedure to submit A/I reports
Include: Procedure to form an ad hoc A/I Safety/Security Investigation Team
for each A/I with designation of special A/I investigation team
members if necessary (e.g., biological, radiation).
Specify an odd number of Investigation team members. Specify that CSSO or organization SO is secretary but ex-off ico
(non-voting) member of Investigation Team.
Designate time required for A/I Investigation Team members to
review and respond (by e-mail, if possible) on A/I Report.
Time required for Safety/Security Committee to determine if an A/I
Investigation is necessary, when it is to be conducted, and whoshould be on Team.
Time required for Investigation Team and Safety/Security
Committee to issue written investigation report, who the report goes
to and that it contain corrective recommendations to help assure A/I
will not reoccur, if appropriate.
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Review/Investigation
of Accident/Incident
Site investigations and interviews can be the center of anA/I investigation program
An A/I analysis and corrective actions can be determinedfrom the data and information provided during this phase
The data quality is important and a uniform approach toconducting the investigation is essential
It is important in this step to obtaining and verify relevantpersonal and facility information
The data may include testing, evaluation or verification ofrecords for safety procedures, training, reporting,
regulations, documentation and equipment
The use of interviews of injured persons and witnesses canbe very important to obtain all the facts
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Determination of Cause
An analysis of the A/I is performed using the
information collected during the site investigation
and interviews
The analysis determines the cause of an A/I and
tracks it back to the cause
The object is to reveal the causes of the A/I and to
understand what happened, how, when and why
it occurred
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Report and Implementation of
Corrective Measures
After the investigation and interviews, Team members meet todraft an Investigative report .
An objective written report is issued that summarizes thefeeling of the Team members that includes effective correctivemeasures to be implemented to prevent or minimize similar
future accidents/incidents. The Teams recommended corrective actions should include:
The extent of the measures (i.e., specific to a laboratory or wider).
Resources needed for implementation.
Expected outcome.
The Teams Report should be sent to all individuals involved inthe A/I as well as the Laboratory Supervisor, Administration,and Institute Higher Management, External GovernmentAgencies, if appropriate.
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Accident/Incident Follow-up
The corrective measures recommended bythe Investigation team should be
monitored to insure they implemented
properly and have the desired effect
Recommended actions should include a
timeframe for completion
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Accident/Incident Follow-up
Timeline
Length of timeline depends on nature and
severity of incident.
Starts at time/date of accident or incident.
Incident should be reported immediately to:
CSSO, PI, Security Office, and/or Medical Office
Management or administration. Depends on
incident severity, but usually with 2 days.
Investigation usually starts within 24 hours.
Written report is issued within a week.
Report should include time for recommended
follow-up actions, usually days to months.
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CSB VideoIncident Investigation Example
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Any Questions?