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Absolute Monarchy in Europe

World StudiesChapter 21

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Absolutism

Absolute Monarchs– Kings or queens who believed that

they held all power– Divine right

God created the MonarchyMonarchs were God’s representative

on earth.

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Philip II

Defended Catholicism– Ottoman Muslims– English Protestants

Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V

Inherited Portugal from uncle

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Philip II

By the time it was all said and done, Philip had the following territories outside of Europe:– Spanish claims in North America– Portuguese claims in South America– Portuguese claims in Africa

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Spanish Problems

Inflation from rise in population Taxes Trade Deficit

Don Quixote– By Cervantes– Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain

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Dutch Revolt

Spanish owed Netherlands Dutch were Calvinists William of Orange (Dutch Leader) Drove Spanish out with water Northern Netherlands became

independent. Dutch establish trading empire

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Rembrandt

The Syndics

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Jan Vermeer

Woman Weighing Pearls (1662-64)

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French Monarchs: The Bourbon Dynasty

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Henry IV

1st King of the Bourbon DynastyConverted to Catholicism

– “Paris is well worth a Mass”Edict of Nantes

– Declared that Protestants could live in peace

– Set up places of worship

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Cardinal Richelieu

Aide for Louis XIII In reality, ruled France Steps to improve the monarchy

– Moved against Huguenots– Weakened nobles power– Tried to make France the strongest

country in Europe

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Skepticism

Nothing is ever known for certain Michel de Montaigne

– Developed the essay– “All that is certain is that nothing is

certain.” René Descartes

– Used observations to answer questions

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Louis XIV

Boy King-became king at age 5 Cardinal Mazarin Louis takes control at age 23. Increased the power of intendants or

gov’t agents.

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Louis XIV

Jean Baptiste Colbert– Mercantilism-countries export more

than they import to protect their economies.

– What is a tariff?

Tax on importsTax on imports

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Louis XIV

Canceled the Edict of Nantes Controlled nobles by having them

work for him. Versailles-king’s palace

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Louis XIV

Invasions– Spanish Netherlands (1667)– Dutch Netherlands (1672)

Gained Several townsDrained French treasury

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Louis XIV

– War of Spanish Succession (1700-13)Conflict over who took over for

Charles II of SpainTreaty of Utrecht

– Louis’ grandson crowned King of Spain

– France could not unite with Spain

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Thirty Years War

Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain, Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries + France

Causes – Spread of Calvinism– Closing of Protestant churches by

Ferdinand II– Conflict of power among Europe’s leaders

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Thirty Years War

Peace of Westphalia– Weakened Spain and Austria– France gained German territory– German princes were independent of Holy

Roman Empire– Ended religious wars in Europe– New methods of negotiation

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Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3) Boyars

– Landowning nobles– Tried to control Ivan as a boy

First Czar of Russia (Age 16) Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands

for Russia, including Siberia

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Ivan the Terrible

“Bad Period”– After Anastasia’s (Ivan’s wife) death, he

would kill anybody considered a traitor.– Killed son who he trained to inherit throne

Time of Troubles– Period after Ivan’s death– Ivan’s other son was unable to rule.

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Peter the Great

Ruled 1696-1725 Goal was to Westernize Russia

– Introduced Potatoes– Started first Russian newspaper– Increased women’s status by attending

social gatherings– Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing

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Opening Activity

Name the five rights guaranteed by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.

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English Monarchs vs. Parliament

Charles I– Struggle over use of money– Petition of Right

No imprisonment w/o due causeNo taxes w/o Parliament’s consentNo quartering in private homesNo martial law in times of peace

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English Civil War (1642-49)

Parliament was fed up with Charles’ need for money

Royalists-followers of the King Puritans-supporters of Parliament

– Led by Oliver Cromwell Puritans captured Charles & executed

him

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The Restoration

Charles II– Asked to rule the country– Restored the monarchy– Restored theater, sports, dancing– Habeas corpus-right to a trial

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Glorious Revolution

Overthrow of James II by William and Mary

Constitutional Monarchy-ruler’s power is limited by law

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English Bill of Rights

No suspending of Parliament’s laws No taxation w/o Parliament’s consent Freedom of speech Freedom of petition Cabinet-link between Parliament and

the Monarch.