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In The Name of God

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Tι θα γινόταν αν ο Θεός ήταν παρόν με ανθρώπινη μορφή και γλώσσα. Αν ο ίδιος χωρίς αναλυτές και γνώστες του Λόγου του άγγιζε τις ψυχές των πιστών του. Σε κάθεμέρος του πλανήτη σε κάθε θρησκεία?Να στεκόταν αμίλητος εμπρός σε αυτούς που στο όνομά του διαπράττουν τα πιοαποτρόπαια εγκλήματα. Που στο όνομά του αυτοσυγχωρούνται και αυτοθαυμάζονται από τους πρώτους χρόνους της “ανακάλυψής” του από το ανθρώπινο γένος. Η Θεία παρουσία είναι αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι του εγώ μας όμως σταματά το “έργο της” μέχρι εκεί που εμείς το επιτρέπουμε. Αναλύουμε τον Λόγο του Θεού – του κάθε Θεού κάθε θρησκείας - όπως εμάς συμφέρει, τον παίρνουμε παραμάσχαλα

και τον κάνουμε συνεργό μπροστάρη στις σφαγές μας στα λάθη μας στην ύπαρξή μας.Γιατί στο όνομά του συγχωρούμε τους δολοφόνους, βουτάμε στην λήθη και κάνουμε τον σταυρό μας ή ευχαριστούμε τον Αλλάχ, τον Βούδα... που δεν συνέβει σε μάς. Οπως τότε και τώρα, τίποτα δεν έχει αλλάξει. Μόνο ο ρουχισμός και ο χρόνος... Οι σφαγές της Γενοκτονίας των Ποντίων Αρμενίων, Ελλήνων Εβραίων συνεχίζονται στο σήμερα. Αν ο Θεός ήταν παρόν με σάρκα και οστά θα έφευγε από αυτόν τον τόπο. Αξιοι της μοίρας μας που επαναλαμβάνουμε τα ίδια λάθη τα ίδια έκτροπα!Αν ο Θεός ήταν παρόν ….

Καλή Ανάσταση

“IN THE NAME OF GOD”. “In the name of the bible”, phrases that gives me pause and leads me to despair and sorrow, as I don’t have answers when people ask WHY? Referring of course to the atrocious crimes that are being committed in the name of God, Al-lah, Brahma, Buddha, Christ and so forth. What do I say to them? I have no answers as I don’t understand myself why are innocent people are been murdered, torched and behead-ed. Why so many wars since biblical times. It is so confusing, since child-hood I was taught to believe in a kind, loving, forgiving and merciful God,

what happened to Him I wonder. In closing this brief summary of the ar-ticle above I am thinking of the com-monly known question I was asked, when being unkind; “ Would you have done that if God was sitting in our table”? The child in me still asks the same after reading the morning pa-per. Would you? If God were present and incarnate right now and hearing the misuse of his name, he would de-sert this place. We deserve what we bring upon us if we repeatedly con-tinue this heinous behavior. If only God were present….HAPPY GREEK EASTER

THE WORLD

Remembering the F o r g o t t e n Genocide

In early 1915, a fatwa was issued against non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire. Mus-lims were called to fight the Christian mi-norities with whom they had been living as neighbours, albeit not on equal or necessarily peaceful terms. Many refused to take part, but those who did inflicted colossal suffering and destruction on the Armenian, Greek and As-syrian Christians.It is thought that over 1.5 million Armenians, up to 750,000 Assyrians and up to 1.5 million Greeks -- men, women and children -- were killed in the state-sanctioned genocide over a 30-year period; yet their tragic loss is barely remembered today. The Armenians' Golgotha and the Assyrians' Seyfo ("sword") is a forgot-ten genocide against forgotten peoples.

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As the Ottoman Empire began to crumble in the late 1800s, the Sultan introduced new reforms to try to prevent the Empire's non-Muslim minorities from seceding; the re-forms supposedly provided religious equality, thus appeasing religious minorities. However, the Turks lost lands in the Balkans after Russia in-tervened to protect Slavic Christians from Ottoman brutality in Europe in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish war. This loss of territory led to a change in Ottoman tactics: violent suppres-sion of the non-Muslim subjects they feared were wanting to secede.Armenians, Assyrians and Greek Christians had been treated as sec-ond-class citizens for centuries, in accordance with Islamic sharia law, but they had also suffered, unpro-tected, from Turkish and Kurdish raids. As they began to campaign for their rights, Sultan Abdul Hamid II dealt with them "not by reform but by blood."1In 1894-1896 organised massacres against Christians took place, during which as many as 300,000 Armeni-ans died. Many Christians believed their best chance of escaping Otto-man dominion was by appealing

to "Christian" powers in the West and Russia. Bar sending warnings - which went unheeded - and some aid provided by Western Christian missionaries, no help came.By 1913, the Young Turks had come to power and begun adopting a new policy whereby the Ottoman Empire no longer accepted multiple ethnici-ties and religions; the militaristic leadership opted to force "Turkish", subsequently Muslim, homogeneity on all its subjects.The "Armenian Question"The former Christian kingdom of Armenia had become part of the Ot-toman Empire in the 16th century, located in its north-eastern corner. Armenian people were a significant minority and lived throughout the Empire, making them a perceived threat. In late 1914, extermination became the authorities' extreme answer to the so-called "Armenian question".Though many Armenians fought for the Empire in the First World War, the government chose to system-atically disarm and kill Armenian soldiers. Some were murdered in public squares or by using the Is-

lamic method for slaughtering ani-mals: tied-up, put on their backs and throats slit. On 24 April 1915 au-thorities arrested and later executed Armenian intellectuals and leaders.Christians were freighted by train or forced to walk hundreds of miles without provisions to concentra-tion camps in the Syrian Desert for "manual labour". Only one quarter of all deportees survived the expo-sure, starvation, violent attacks and other abuses to reach their destina-tions, whereupon many were mur-dered in organised killings. Those who tried to protect Armenians of-ten met the same end. Killing units in Deir al-Zor smashed children against rocks, mutilated adults with swords, and burned people alive. Some 200,000 Armenians converted to Islam in order to be spared. In 1915 alone, approximately 800,000 Armenians were killed.The Assyrian SeyfoAssyrians, a much smaller minor-ity in the Ottoman Empire, com-prising Assyrian, Syriac and Chal-dean Christians, suffered the same experiences as the Armenians. In Van and Diyarbakir provinces, over 140,000 Assyrians were killed.

Remembering the Forgotten Genocide

THE WORLD

The attacks against the Assyrians began on a relatively small scale, but after the Assyrians had joined with the Russians in 1915 to try to help liberate the Armenians in Van, they were subjected to a level of violence that almost annihilated them. Many Assyrians fled to Persia (Iran) but were persecuted by both Persians and Kurds, obliging them to move again to Hamadan, northern Persia, in 1918; this retreat led to the deaths and kidnap-pings of one third of their people. Their road became littered with the bodies of those who were starved, ex-hausted, diseased, or slaughtered by Turks, Persians and Kurds en route.We have lost by death and murder more than 12,000 souls... Unspeakably shameful acts were done to five-year-old girls by Persians. We have collected from Moslem villages more than 100 women who have been changed to Mahomedans and their husbands murdered in their sight. (Letter from the Rev. Gabriel Alexander, dated 6 August 1915, published in The Times, 9 October 1915 2)

Greek GenocideOttoman Greeks have been described as the "first victims of the nationalising idea."3 They lived in Anatolia, espe-

cially near the Black Sea. In 1914 plans were made to re-locate them to Greece in exchange for Muslims from the Balkans. The outbreak of World War One prevented this so, instead, communities were forced on death marches to central Anatolia under the guise of strategic military manoeuvring or made to perform manual labour. Mus-lim boycotts of Greek businesses were authorised by of-ficials, and Christian properties were given to Muslims. An Australian newspaper reported:Several Greeks at Marsivan were compelled to dig a trench as a grave before they were shot. Greek women were given the alternatives of embracing the Islam re-ligion or death. They refused to change their religion. Their lives were spared, but they were left to the mercy of the soldiers and compelled to accompany the troops on a long march. Some fell exhausted, and were aban-doned with their babies. (Published in The Argus, Mel-bourne, 3 August 1915 4)Unlike most men, women and children were often giv-en the option of converting to Islam. Those that refused were treated very harshly or killed.

PEOPLESAPPROXIMATE POPULATION IN TURKEY 1914

APPROXIMATE POPULATION IN TURKEY 1922-3

Remembering the Forgotten Genocide

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Start your weekend off right at the smartest party in town, hosted by the American Museum of

Natural History.

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Greece is a far more willing ‘reformer’ than it is given credit for

Although debt restructuring and austerity have defined the debate on Greece and the Eurozone crisis, the role of structural reforms has been less well-understood. Nauro Campos and Fabrizio Coricelli write that this is partly because analysing structural reforms is only possible through a re-examination of the relationship between the EU and Greece, which requires robust ‘counterfactuals’. Presenting evidence from a detailed study of the effect of EU accession on current member states, they write that Greece is the only country that has experienced negative growth as a result of its EU membership, but that this negative effect also shrank after 1995. They argue that structural reforms may offer one explanation for this successful shift.There is an interesting imbalance in the current de-bate about Greece and the Eurozone crisis. On the one hand, regarding debt and austerity, there are strong theoretical foundations and a broad empirical consen-sus within academia. On the other, there are structural reforms. We are far from a full understanding of how reforms evolve, fit, and can hopefully help solving the crisis and, in the case of Greece, this task starts with a re-examination of the EU-Greece relationship that re-quires counterfactuals.Did Greece benefit from joining the EEC?

Greece joined the European Communities in 1981. The EU-Greece relationship is one of the most politically charged in the history of European integration. In 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus and the Greek military dicta-torship collapsed. One of the main ideas of the Kara-manlis Premiership (1974-1980) was to diplomatically convince Europe to allow the “cradle of democracy” to join as soon as possible.Karamanlis succeeded, but barely. In 1976 the Council of Ministers (unusually) rejected the European Com-mission’s Opinion which favoured delaying entry until Greek producers were able to compete in the Common Market. This shows awareness of the competitiveness problem facing Greek firms. Yet it was not deemed strong enough a reason to delay membership. The diplomatic lobbying was highly effective and Greece joined five years ahead of Spain and Portugal. It joined despite French worries (agriculture) and German con-cerns (migration). Considering the few agreed “transi-tion periods”, it is fair to say Germany played a key role in Greece’s early entry.Did Greece benefit from joining early? This is an im-portant yet difficult question. One way to address it is to conjure counterfactual scenarios. If we could agree on what would have happened if Greece had not joined,

(ANGELOS TZORTZINIS/AFP/Getty Images)

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then we can compare and contrast it with what actually happened. The direction (sign) and size of the eventual difference would provide valuable information.We, along with our co-author Luigi Moretti, have pre-viously assessed the level of per capita GDP and pro-ductivity that would have existed in Greece if it had not joined the EEC in 1981. We estimated similar counter-factuals for all countries that joined the EU in the 1973, 1980s and 1995 enlargements, and for 8 of the 10 that joined in 2004.The statistical methodology adopted (the “synthetic control method”) selects the optimal weighted com-bination of countries from a “donor pool” that better mimic the behaviour of the target country (Greece) in the pre-shock period (in this case, the period before joining, that is, before 1981). This hypothetical or syn-thetic Greece is constructed as being 49 per cent Japan, 28 per cent Australia, 14 per cent Brazil and 9 per cent Tunisia (the percentages are the estimated weights, the four countries are those statistically selected from the broader donor pool). The results of this calculation are shown in the figure below.Figure: Estimated per capita GDP of Greece if it had not entered the European Economic Community in 1981

Note: The estimate for Greece if it had not entered the EEC is indicated by the dotted line (‘synthetic Greece’), while the solid black line indicates the actual per capita GDP that Greece experienced. The vertical blue dotted

line marks 1981: the year in which Greece joined the EEC.The effects from EU membership this analysis uncov-ers for all EU countries are large, significant and almost unanimously positive. EU membership caused an in-crease in per capita incomes in EU states of about 12 per cent in the first ten years after accession. Yet, for only one country (out of 17) there is a negative effect of EU membership. That country is Greece. The analysis suggests that Greece’s per capita GDP would have been higher if it had not become a full-fledged EU member in 1981.The figure shows how the behaviour of these net ben-efits changes over time. There seem to be two different regimes. Regime 1 lasts from 1981 until approximately 1995. During this period the gap between the actual and hypothetical Greek per capita GDP increased. This means that Greece until 1995 would have increasingly benefited more and more from not joining.Regime 2 starts in 1995. The gap decreases and is on its way to closing until the 2007 crisis. After 1995 the Greek economy progressively benefited from joining, thus making non-membership increasingly unattrac-tive. Does this imply Greece would have been better off leaving the euro and the EU? Surely not. It suggests in-stead that the broadening and deepening of structural reforms was delayed until about 1995.From 1981 to 1995 growth rates in the EU were rela-tively high and Greece experienced divergence. Yet, our

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results are deeper: in this regime, Greece lost by joining. The open-ing up of uncompetitive industry was too early and the Commission’s Opinion about Greek traditional ag-riculture and highly protected man-ufacturing seems to have been vin-dicated. In this period, unchecked regulation was allowed to flourish and take root. It extended to vari-ous industries and professions mak-ing Greece one of the most expen-sive and cumbersome countries in which “to do business” in Europe.Yet things change around 1995. The entry process into the economic and monetary union prompted growth rates faster than in the EU for 1995-2010, but the results show a deeper causal effect: now, Greece seemed increasingly better off inside. The main explanations for this turna-round are competitiveness improve-ments in selected industries (such as tourism and telecommunications, both non-tradables) and reforms in the financial sector. The effects of such limited financial reforms were amplified by growing financial (and political) integration in Europe, which ultimately may have helped shore up this convergence process.

With the onset of the

debt crisis, many observ-ers jumped to the conclu-sion that the crisis revealed Greece was “living beyond its means” and that the pre-crisis growth was noth-ing but an unsustainable boom. Notwithstanding the data corrections, the OECD “Going for Growth 2015” estimates that during 2000-2012 Greece was one of the countries that benefited the most from structural reforms. This is consistent with Regime 2 above, the period of accession to the euro. The same report indi-cates that in the crisis years (2007-2014) Greece was a frontrunner in structural reforms.Yet the subject of structural reforms in Greece requires two further cave-ats. One is that restricted financial reform is intertwined with “partial democracy” and state capture, thus explaining the persistence of (elites’) rent-seeking behaviour. The second

is that we still know much less about the causes and consequences of re-forms than about debt or stabilisa-tion. The limited lessons from the greatest experiment in this regard (the transition from communism) should encourage analysts to be more humble.

In short, Greece was always excep-tional in Europe. Its entry in the EU owes more to political lobbying than to economic preparedness. A period of relative stagnation lasted until the conditionality for euro membership was laid bare. The oft-heard notion that “Greece was bad for the euro” has much less empirical support than the idea that the euro was good for Greece. By prompting structural reforms it may have helped open the way for a Greek turning point in Eu-rope. That is, at least until the crisis hit.Please read our comments policy before commenting.Note: This article gives the views of the authors, and not the position of EUROPP – European Politics and Policy, nor of the London School of Economics. Featured image credit: Wayne Lam (CC-BY-SA-3.0)Shortened URL for this post: http://bit.ly/1C1gTK0

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ΚΑΛΗ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΗ - ΚΑΛΟ ΠΑΣΧΑ

GREEcE - THEssaLOniki

Μνήμες ασπρόμαυρης Θεσσαλονίκης

Πέρασαν 25 χρόνια. Τα ονόματα έχουν ξεφτίσει, αλλά τα πρόσωπα τα θυμάμαι. Από τη μία πλευρά, κάθονταν Άρχοντες - κυρίως τα δικά τους πρόσωπα είναι που θυμάμαι. Από την άλλη Λαός. Λαός που έλιωσε τα μάτια και το μυαλό του στο διάβασμα, πάντως Λαός. Καμιά σχέση με τους Άρχοντες. Ο Λαός παρακαλούσε τους Άρχοντες να μην κάνουν πάρκινγκ στην πλατεία Διοικητηρίου, διότι θα έπεφταν σε τρεις στρώσεις αρχαιοτήτων, ίσως και τέσσερις. Οι Άρχοντες χαμογελούσαν καθησυχαστικά και στο τέλος ειρωνικά. «Δεν θα βρεθεί τίποτε αξιόλογο» διαβεβαίωναν. «Έναν καφέ να σας κεράσουμε;»Ύστερα, όταν ήρθαν στο φως οι αρχαιότητες, οι Άρχοντες δήλωσαν ότι δεν είχαν ιδιαίτερη αξία και ότι γρήγορα θα «ετακτοποιείτο το

θέμα». Αργότερα, άλλοι Άρχοντες δήλωσαν ότι το πάρκινγκ θα γινόταν ισόγειο και τα αρχαία θα έμεναν από κάτω. Και ύστερα, οι Άρχοντες έπαψαν να κάνουν δηλώσεις, διότι κανείς δεν ενδιαφερόταν πια. Οι μεγαλύτεροι περίοικοι πέθαναν, οι νεότεροι μετακόμισαν και τα γύρω καταστήματα έκλεισαν.Προτείνω να μετονομαστεί η πλατεία Διοικητηρίου σε πλατεία Μωρίας, και να αναγραφούν τα ονόματα των Αρχόντων σε μαρμάρινη πλάκα, κάτω από το όνομα της πλατείας. Ως ορθότερη δε αγγλική απόδοση προτείνω τη Stupidity Square, να έχει και ατραξιόν τουριστική το μέρος. Ποια άλλη πόλη διαθέτει τέτοια πλατεία;

Ευάγγελος Χεκίμογλου

Stupidity Square

φωτογραφία του Ευάγγελου Χεκίμογλου

“Οσα δεν λέει η φωτογραφία”

nEW YORk cuLTuRE

Φωτογραφία του Κώστα Μπλιάτκα

Ο Ντίνος Χριστιανόπουλος και η Κολυμβήθρα του Σιλωάμ

“Το γεγονός  ότι έχω μία μεγάλη άνεση  στιχουργίας θα με βοηθούσε κάθε λίγο και λιγάκι να γράφω στίχους ή να κάνω κάποιες μουσικές. Και ξέρετε πόσοι μουσικοί μου λένε δώσε μας στίχους να τους κάνουμε τραγούδι; Λέω όχι. Όπως ήρθε η έμπνευση σε μένα, έτσι και έφυγε. Μπορώ να στιχουργήσω αλλά δεν το επέτρεψα στον εαυτό μου ποτέ. Όλο αυτό το πράγμα έγινε το 1968  και λίγους μήνες του 1969. Εξαφανίστηκε και δεν επανήλθε και   εγώ δεν επιδιώκω να το κάνω να επανέλθει. Έχω μάλιστα και  μία ωραία εικόνα, όπως η κολυμβήθρα του Σιλωάμ.

Εκεί πρέπει να έρθει ένας άγγελος να ταράξει τα νερά ενώ οι άρρωστοι περιμένουν απ’ έξω. Όποιος προλάβει να μπει μέσα στο νερό, θα σωθεί. Λοιπόν το παράδειγμα είναι εύγλωττο: Δεν σώζεται παρά μόνο όποιος πρώτος πρόλαβε   και μπήκε μέσα. Δεύτερον δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα αν δεν έρθει ο άγγελος. Τρίτον δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα αν έρθει ο άγγελος και δεν ταράξει τα νερά. Και τέταρτον δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα και άγγελος να έρθει και να μην έρθει, αν δεν υπάρχουν τα νερά. Λοιπόν καταλαβαίνεις ότι υπάρχουν πολλές παράμετροι αυτού του πολύπλοκου φαινομένου που θα το χαρακτήριζα αυθεντικότητα της έκφρασης ακόμα και εις βάρος αυτών που επιδιώκει ο ίδιος ο καλλιτέχνης".

Μιλάει ο Ντίνος Χριστιανόπουλος για τα τραγούδια με τίτλο "Το Αιώνιο Παράπονο", που έγραψε τη διετία 1968-69 και για τον τρόπο που επιλέγει, σύμφωνα με τη γνώμη του, η έμπνευση για να χτυπήσει την πόρτα ενός δημιουργού.   (Από το ντοκιμαντέρ "Το Αιώνιο Παράπονο" του Ντίνου Χριστιανόπουλου, που φτιάξαμε με την πολύτιμη συνδρομή του ίδιου). Ο ομότιτλος δίσκος κυκλοφόρησε το 1994 με τραγουδιστές τον Δημήτρη Νικολούδη και τον Παναγιώτη Καραδημήτρη. Στη φωτογραφία ο Ντίνος Χριστιανόπουλος το 1968.

Κώστας Δ. Μπλιάτκας

THE WORLD

NAIROBI, Kenya — Armed terrorists stormed a univer-sity in northern Kenya on Thursday, killing 147 people, wounding dozens and taking hostages during a 15-hour siege until four militants were killed by security forces. Christians and converts to Islam appeared to have been the targets.More than 550 students were evacuated and 79 were injured in the standoff on the Garissa University cam-pus, about 90 miles from the Somali border. The So-mali-based Islamic terrorist group al-Shabab claimed responsibility for the attack — the al-Qaeda-linked or-ganization's deadliest in Kenya.Students said the gunmen separated Christians from Muslims and held hostages in a dormitory, where they placed explosives around the Christian hostages, ac-cording to Kenya's National Police Service.

Kenyan Interior Cabinet Secretary Joseph Nkaissery said some students were killed during morning prayers at the mosque. Jackson Kamau, a student at the univer-sity, said the militants killed those who were likely con-verts to Islam. Locals can differentiate between Somali Muslims born into Islam and those who have converted because they come from different ethnic groups."We'll not allow terrorists to divide our country on re-ligious lines," said Aden Duale, majority leader in Ken-ya's National Assembly.Most of the 147 dead were students. Two security guards, one policeman and one soldier also were killed in the attack, Nkaissery said.One suspected extremist was arrested as he tried to flee,

Nkaissery told a news conference in Nairobi.Heavy gunfire erupted at the college as the Kenyan mili-tary worked to end the siege. Police Inspector General Joseph Boinett said a dusk-to-dawn curfew will be in place in Garissa and three neighboring counties starting Friday through April 16.The White House strongly condemned the attack and said the United States was providing assistance to the Kenyan government."We extend our deep condolences to the families and loved ones of all those killed in this heinous attack, which reportedly included the targeting of Christian students," White House spokesman Josh Earnest said in a statement.Kenyan police offered a $220,000 bounty for Moham-med Mohamud, also known as Dulyadin and Gamad-here, who they suspect planned the attack.Students who were able to escape said gunmen stormed the university, setting off explosives and shooting peo-ple on the campus just after 5 a.m. local time."Most of us were asleep when the incident happened," said Nicholas Ntulu, a student at the university. "We heard heavy gunfire and explosions. Every person ran for dear life as we passed the gunmen. Several (stu-dents) were shot dead."There was nobody to help us at the time of the attack," he said. "The police officers took more than an hour to arrive at the scene."President Uhuru Kenyatta urged Kenyans to stay calm. "This is a moment for everyone throughout the country to be vigilant as we continue to confront and defeat our

TERROR aTTack OvER, 147 DEaD

aT kEnYa univERsiTYTonny Onyulo, Special for USA TODAY

THE WORLD

enemies," he said.Kenyatta ordered the inspector gen-eral of police to accelerate the ap-plications of 10,000 recruits for the Kenya Police College."We have suffered unnecessarily due to shortage of security person-nel," he said. "Kenya badly needs additional officers, and I will not keep the nation waiting."Frightened students rescued from the university gathered at a military camp near the Garissa airstrip."The sounds of gunfire was all over — we couldn't tell what was the right direction to go to be safe," said Ann Musyoka, a second-year stu-dent. "We had to face the gunmen — they shot several people as we es-caped towards the gate."

Victims were rushed to a hospital, and those critically injured were airlifted to the capital, Nairobi."I was not at the institution when the incident occurred, but several students phoned me, crying over the attacks," said Jacktone Kweya, the dean of students. "When I tried calling them back, their phones were off. It's very disturbing."Robert Godec, the U.S. ambassa-dor to Kenya, said the United States "strongly condemns" the attack."We extend our deepest condolenc-es to all who have been affected," he said in a statement. "The attack once again reinforces the need for all countries and communities to unite in the effort to combat violent extremism."

The assault comes in the wake of an intelligence report issued last week by security officials warning that al-Shabab was planning an attack on major institutions in retaliation for Kenyan military action in Somalia as part of an African Union initia-tive against the group.Al-Shabab has carried out several attacks in Garissa and across Kenya in the past few years, including an attack in 2013 at the Westgate shop-ping mall in Nairobi that left 67 peo-ple dead, and others on mosques in Mombasa, a coastal city in the east.Nairobi-based security analyst Ab-diwahab Sheikh said the incident highlights how the government has failed to shore up security in the country.

TERROR aTTack OvER, 147 DEaD

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"The government has not learned anything from the Westgate attack," he said. "How do you allow terrorists to take students hostage for more 10 hours? I think our security forces need to learn from the past."

Tonny Onyulo, Special for USA TODAY

nEW YORk

GREEcE can TEacH THE WORLD a nEEDED LEssOnThis story appears in the March 23, 2015 issue of Forbes.

DEAR PRIME MINISTER Tsipras and Finance Minis-ter Varoufakis:You may have won a four-month reprieve of sorts from your creditors, but your situation is desperate, and eve-ryone knows it, most particularly Europe’s paymasters, the Germans. As you just painfully learned, your abil-ity to blackmail your creditors is a fraction of what it once was. Businesses, banks and others have had plenty of time to prepare for the worst-case scenario: Greece’s exit from the euro zone. Your own citizens have no faith in you, as evidenced by the massive cash withdraw-als from Greek banks and the exodus of capital from Greece to supposedly safer havens.You do have something of a case in your objection to raising Greece’s already horrific 23% VAT (a form of national sales tax). And you are right when you say the present program isn’t working. But your ideas–higher taxes on the “rich,” more government bureaucrats, vir-

tually no privatization, higher minimum wages–are worse.If you’re serious about saving your country and rescu-ing its people from a more dreadful economic catastro-phe, there are basic steps you should take that would promptly promote economic growth, while giving you the priceless political opportunity to tell the troika–the IMF , the ECB and the EU (i.e., the Germans)–where to get off.After all, there’s no reason that Greece’s economy can’t expand. Look at neighboring Bulgaria, Albania and, yes, Macedonia. They have troubles aplenty, but their performances are sterling next to yours. Their econo-mies have expanded in recent years, while yours has experienced a terrible contraction. Must Greece per-petually be the runt of the EU litter when it comes to economic growth? No.Here’s how you can put away your beggar’s cup for

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good.–Taxes. Bulgaria and Macedonia each have a flat-tax system of 10% on personal incomes. Adopt your own 10% flat tax. Then go one better and slash your corporate tax rate to 10%. While you’re at it, whack your VAT to 15%, which will demonstrate your commitment to the downtrod-den. As for your ridiculously high payroll tax of 45%, knock it down to 10% as well.Of course, the troika and everyone else will scream that you can’t afford to do this. Your answer is that you can’t afford not to. Tax evasion in Greece is endemic. Your hideous tax system is one reason that Greece has

a large informal economy. To an-noy the Germans, cite the example of Russia. When Putin took over in 2000, Russia’s tax system was even more convoluted and corruption-ridden than that of Greece. Putin swept it all away, instituting a 13% flat tax on personal incomes and slashing other tax rates. Revenues soared immediately because of the ease of enforcement and greater economic growth. (Alas, that was the  peak of the Russian president-for-life’s statesmanship.)Taxes are a price and a burden. When you raise the price of such good things as productive work, success and risk-taking, the burden

becomes heavier and the less you’ll get of these things.Governments don’t create resourc-es–people do.–Privatization. Here’s an easy source of considerable cash that would enormously lighten the pressure on your budget. Prior governments have dragged their feet and have even been unwilling to complete a census of what the government ac-tually owns and how many people work for these entities. This is irre-sponsible in the extreme. And your government has drastically scaled back what its predecessors were re-luctantly going to do.In 2011 I attended a conference in

–Privatization. Here’s an easy source of considerable cash that would enormously lighten the pressure on your budget. Pri-or governments have dragged their feet and have even been unwilling to complete a census of what the government actu-ally owns and how many people work for these entities. This is irresponsible in the extreme. And your government has dras-tically scaled back what its predecessors were reluctantly going to do.

GREEcE can TEacH THE WORLD a nEEDED LEssOn

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Athens, the purpose of which was to discuss Greece’s economic fu-ture. Among those attending were officials from Poland who had con-ducted numerous sales of govern-ment assets and companies, which totaled in the billions of euros. With exasperation these officials noted that George Papandreou’s govern-ment wouldn’t even meet with them to discuss the lessons Poland had learned about the right way to pri-vatize. Your creditors can rightfully claim that continuing to bail you out when you refuse to vigorously pursue such an obvious course of reform is ridiculous.–Stop trashing former Greek resi-dents or those of Greek descent who want to help out by investing in Greece. The government should welcome such investors with open arms, not suspicion. Also, you should urge your own citizens not to regard them as unwelcome inter-lopers. In a book I coauthored with Elizabeth Ames, Money: How the Destruction of the Dollar Threatens the Global Economy–and What We Can Do About It, we recount this anecdote:“When entrepreneur Demetri Politopoulos returned to his na-tive Greece from the U.S. to start a brewery, his products were vandal-ized, his tires were slashed, and he received taunts and threats.”

–Make the process of setting up a business in Greece easy. Greece has made some progress in enabling people to set up legal enterprises, but the process still takes too long and offers opportunities for bu-reaucrats to demand that palms be greased. Use New Zealand as your model: It takes only a few keystrokes online to apply to open a new busi-ness there.Along the same vein, and crucial to a properly functioning economy, is the enforcement of contracts. In this category the World Bank ranks Greece as one of the worst countries in the world.–Change labor laws that kill job creation. Suffocating laws that os-tensibly preserve jobs by making it expensive and difficult to fire em-ployees end up making businesses reluctant to hire or, just as likely, en-couraging businesses to hire work-ers off the books. Some progress had been made on this issue, which you, perversely, want to undo. Unions will howl, but a collapsed economy with soaring unemployment isn’t a pleasant prospect.–Don’t even think of abandoning the euro. Your drachmas wouldn’t, as the cliche goes, be worth the pa-per they’re printed on. Greeks would shun them, which would leave the euro (and the dollar) as the de facto currency. Such a move would wreck

what’s left of Greece’s banking sys-tem, and the economy would crater, making recent hard times look like paradise.And, for goodness’ sake, don’t pull a Cyprus and confiscate bank de-posits. As for capital controls, if you carry out the above true growth re-forms, capital will pour into your depressed economy.Alas, it’s not likely that you’ll un-dertake these economy-saving–in-deed, economy-boosting–measures, especially the tax changes. Neither you nor your creditors seem to un-derstand what enables an economy to prosper. You’re not alone–the confusion is global. When the U.S. elects a new President in two years, this will change, but it’ll be too late to spare Greece more unnecessary suffering.Please prove us skeptics wrong by resolutely putting your country on the road to becoming the Hong Kong/Singapore/Switzerland of the Mediterranean.Success would be your best revenge.

Sincerely,Steve Forbes(See Steve Forbes’ new book, Mon-ey: How the Destruction of the Dol-lar Threatens the Global Economy—And What We Can Do About It.)

GREEcE can TEacH THE WORLD a nEEDED LEssOn

WORLD HisTORY

Η πρώτη γενοκτονία του 20ου αιώνα, με τη συστηματική εξόντωση ενάμισυ εκατομμυρίου ανθρώπων από τις Οθωμανικές αρχές την τριετία 1915-1918. Υπήρξε ο προάγγελος του Εβραϊκού Ολοκαυτώματος, κατά τη διάρκεια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.

Στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, οι Αρμένιοι, ένας πανάρχαιος χριστιανικός λαός της Εγγύς Ανατολής, μοιράζονταν μεταξύ της Ρωσίας και της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Στην τσαρική Ρωσία ζούσαν κάτω από ένα σχετικά ανεκτικό καθεστώς (αν και δεν έλειπαν μαζικοί εκρωσισμοί), αλλά στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία υφίσταντο παντός είδους διωγμούς, όπως και οι άλλοι χριστιανικοί λαοί της αυτοκρατορίας (Έλληνες, Ασσύριοι κλπ).Με την ανάδυση των εθνικισμών, ο Σουλτάνος τούς υποπτευόταν για αποσχιστικές τάσεις, ενώ και οι Ρώσοι, που εποφθαλμιούσαν εδάφη του «μεγάλου ασθενούς», υπέθαλπαν τις όποιες φιλοδοξίες τους. Έτσι, ο Αβδούλ Χαμίτ Β' δεν δίστασε να προβεί σε άγριους διωγμούς εναντίον των Αρμενίων της επικράτειάς του, με αποκορύφωμα τις σφαγές στο Σασούν (1894), τις μαζικές εκτελέσεις της διετίας 1895-1896, που στοίχισαν τη ζωή σε 300.000 Αρμενίους.Η επικράτηση των Νεοτούρκων τον Ιούλιο του 1908, παρά τις αρχικές ελπίδες που γέννησε, δεν άλλαξε την κατάσταση για τους χριστιανούς της αυτοκρατορίας. Αντί για τον σεβασμό των συνθηκών και την πραγμάτωση των μεταρρυθμίσεων, όπως είχε υποσχεθεί, το νέο καθεστώς προέβη σε νέους διωγμούς των Αρμενίων τον Απρίλιο του 1909 στα Άδανα και την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Κιλικίας.

Η συστηματική, όμως, εξόντωση των Αρμενίων της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας έγινε κατά τη διάρκεια του Α' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, όταν ο σουλτάνος και ο τσάρος βρέθηκαν σε διαφορετικά στρατόπεδα. Το σχέδιο του Υπουργού Εσωτερικών, Ταλαάτ Πασά, μπήκε σε εφαρμογή στις 24 Απριλίου του 1915, με τη σύλληψη 250 επιφανών Αρμενίων στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, οι οποίοι εκτελέστηκαν το ίδιο βράδυ. Η 24η Απριλίου έχει καθιερωθεί ως Ημέρα Μνήμης για την Αρμενική Γενοκτονία και τιμάται κάθε χρόνο από την Αρμενική διασπορά.

ΠΗΓΗ: http://www.sansimera.gr/articles/765#ixzz3WivdQzc9

ΓΕΝΟΚΤΟΝΙΑ ΑΡΜΕΝΙΩΝ 1915-1918

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SPRING CLEANING MAKE ROOM FOR LOVE AND ABUNDANCE OF WEALTH ree, think free. BE FREE!

Spring is upon us now, best time for emotional, men-tal, spiritual, and environmental cleaning.Mother Nature has already shed her winter gear, her seeds are taking root, and soon she will be dressed in full bloom again, as she does every four seasons. She’s set on automatic pilot and life springs through her same time every year. Observing the miracle of creativity all around inspires me toward ‘Spring Cleaning’ as my seasonal changes or yours, do not occur automatically all the time. We need to do the work.I invite you all to open the closets of your minds, hearts and souls, cleanse emotional and mental tox-icity. De-cluttering is necessary before sowing fresh seeds. Go to your keypad or your notebook, and be-gin downloading trivial and negative thinking, frus-tration, fears and anxiety. Remove roadblocks from your life’s path. Free your heart from fear and worry and get the LOVE you want. Clean up resentments

and judgments, lower your ego a few notches. Cease your complaining, it’s not productive. Generate love, compassion and forgiveness. Be merciful! let go of the past and make your desirable goals reality. List all of them in your pads with expectation.We all have within us unlimited sources of MIRA-CLE power, and once combined with positive think-ing and MEDITATION, it may help you achieve your desired LIFE goals.You have the ability to reshape a big part of your destiny by using the power of the WORD and THOUGHT, and of the most important faculty you posses: THE POWER OF YOUR OWN SUBCON-CIOUS MIND. Learn how to use these tools effec-tively by following them with ACTION and SHOW-ING UP in your ownlives.

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New Apple TV Will Not Support 4K Video Stream-ingAnd you probably won’t care.

When Apple’s next-generation Apple TV finally arrives at market later this year, it will bring a groaning board of new features to the company’s dusty set-top box — as BuzzFeed News first reported. But it will lack one that some Apple watchers had presumed inevitable: 4K video capability.Sources in position to know tell BuzzFeed News that the 4th generation Apple TV will not initially support 4K video — a newer high-definition video resolution that delivers a more detailed, immersive picture. “4K is great, but it’s still in its infancy,” said one source famil-iar with Apple’s thinking.Enabling 4K video support in Apple’s first major overhaul of Apple TV in three years might seem like a smart bit of future-proofing — particularly given reports that the A8 chip in the guts of the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus is 4K-capable. But it’s arguably an unnecessary one at this point. There simply isn’t much to watch in 4K—while Netflix and Amazon both added 4K stream-ing to their video services last year, their 4K offerings remain limited. Nor are there many households with 4K-capable televisions needed to watch it.Beyond this is the larger issue of economics: Deliver-ing 4K streaming at scale is expensive. With least four times the pixels as mainstream HD video, 4K video requires a lot of bandwidth and more powerful com-pression technologies to transmit it expediently. It also requires speedy consumer broadband connections to support its delivery. And right now the number of 4K-capable households is piddling. Akamai’s last State

of the Internet Report estimated that just 19 percent of US connections to its network were at the speeds of 15 Mbps or above needed to handle 4K streaming. That’s connections (IP addresses), not households.

“The additional cost to shoot, store, encode and deliver video in 4K, when compared to HD, is huge,” Frost & Sullivan principal analyst Dan Rayburn told BuzzFeed. “No one wants to talk about it, but going from Netflix’s average 3Mbps stream to their 4K stream at 16Mbps is very expensive. That’s why it’s said it will offer “limited” content in 4K for a long time. 4K is many, many years away from being adopted at critical mass.”Avi Greengart, Research Director at Current Analysis, offered a similar take. “Content is a problem,” he said. “There is a fair amount of movie content produced in 4K or better resolution already for commercial cin-emas, but there is no easy way to get that content to consumers.”Given all this, it’s not hard to see why Apple might for-go 4K support in its next generation Apple TV. Right now, it’s hardly worth the effort. The market’s far too small and far too nascent. Apple has never been a com-pany that rushes into markets in their infancy. And until we reach a critical mass of adoption for 4K — one that includes not just consumers, but broadband pro-viders and the content guys, as well — the company’s unlikely to enable support for it in Apple TV.Apple declined to comment “on rumor and specula-tion.”

By John Paczkowski Managing Editor, BuzzFeed San Francisco

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Democracy and Values: How Democratic Societies Foster Shared Values and Hold Leaders to AccountAs part of our efforts to foster creative and dynamic new approaches to the study of democratic accountabil-ity, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, New York, in partnership with Global Thinkers Forum, London, will co-host a high-profile international con-ference on the topic How Democratic Societies Foster Shared Values and Hold Leaders to Account.

The conference will be held at the Acropolis Museum in Athens, Greece—the birthplace of democracy—on

April 25, 2015. As part of the conference, a select del-egation of high-profile scholars and ethical visionaries, led by senior Carnegie Council leadership, will partici-pate in an intensive, multi-phased dialogue with 100+ Greek academics, public officials, business leaders, ac-tivists, students, and citizens.

They will pursue ethical questions that lie at the heart of the Greek tradition of democracy and develop a new understanding of global citizenship that transcends na-tional borders. Please email us at info@globalthinkers-forum.org if you wish to get involved.

And you probably won’t care.

aPRiL 25, 2015, aTHEns, GREEcE: GLObaL ETHics nETWORk cOnfEREncE

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Σήμερα, Μεγάλη Δευτέρα, 6η Απριλίου (πρέπει να) τιμάμε τη μνήμη των άνω των 400,000 αδερφών Θρακών μας που έπεσαν θύματα των φρικαλέων εξοντώσεων, θύματα του υπέρτατου εγκλήματος κατά της ανθρωπότητας, θύματα του εγκλήματος της γενοκτονίας από του Οθωμανούς, Νεότουρκους και Κεμαλιστές τη περίοδο 1914-1923. Είναι η 101η επαίτειος από την αποφράδα ημέρα της 6ης Απριλίου του 1914. Έτσι προστέθηκε ένα ακόμη υψηλό τίμημα στον αριθμό των θυμάτων αντίστοιχων θηριωδιών από τους ίδιους εγκληματίες κατά των χριστιανικών λαών της Μικράς Ασίας, της Θράκης και του Πόντου, κυρίως κατά των Αρμενίων, κατά των Ασσυρίων, και κατά των Ελλήνων της Θράκης, της Ιωνίας και του Πόντου.Και οι Θράκες, αντί να δικαιωθούν από την διεθνή κοινότητα και το διεθνές δίκαιο, καταμερίστηκε η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα τους σε τρία κράτη αφήνοντας το μικρότερο τμήμα στην Ελλάδα από όπου, ως Πελασγοί στο γένος, προέρχονται και ανήκουν. Και ενώ διαχρονικά η Θράκη αποτελούσε ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα και ιστορικότερα έθνη, και ενώ στέγαζε την Βασιλεύουσα, και ενώ ήταν πατρίδα του Ορφέα, του Αίσωπα, του Θεμιστοκλή, του Κίμωνα και του Δημόκριτου, αλλά και των νεοτέρων Δόμνας και Αντώνη Χατζή-Βισβλίζη, του Αγίου Νεκταρίου, του Γεωργίου Βιζυηνού, του Κωνσταντίνου Καραθεοδωρή, του Ευγένιου Ευγενίδη, του Κώστα Βάρναλη, των μακαριστών Αρχιεπισκόπων Αθηνών Χρύσανθου και Χριστόδουλου, του Νικόλαου

Αστρινίδη, του δικού μας ομογενή Νίκου Κεφαλίδη, και άλλων πολλών, την καταντήσαμε «ακριτική» περιοχή και την παραμελήσαμε εναποθέτοντας την στα «εθνικά αζήτητα». Στον ένοπλο αγώνα των Θρακών, το Φθινόπωρο του 1918, κυριαρχούσε το σύνθημα «Η Θράκη ήταν το μεγαλύτερο έθνος, δεν γίνεται πατρίδα του καλύτερα συναλλασσόμενου». Και όμως οι «καλύτερα συναλλασσόμενοι» υπερίσχυσαν και επέβαλλαν το «δίκιο» των συμφερόντων και των σκοπιμοτήτων τους.

Ας θυμόμαστε ότι όλα τα θύματα των ελληνικών λαών της Μικράς Ασίας, της Θράκης και του Πόντου εκτελέστηκαν γιατί δεν απαρνήθηκαν την του Χριστού την πίστη την αγία. Αν αλλαξοπιστούσαν θα ζούσαν. Προτίμησαν να κάνουν το υπέρτατο χρέος τους. Προτίμησαν να υπηρετήσουν τις αξίες τους. Και το αντίτιμο ήταν βαρύ. Όλα τα θύματα των ελληνικών λαών της Μικράς Ασίας, της Θράκης και του Πόντου, που υπερβαίνουν το ένα εκατομμύριο, τους πρέπει μια περίλαμπρη θέση στο συναξάρι της Ορθοδοξίας μας. Η αγιοποίηση τους μέσα από τους προβλεπόμενους κανόνες αγιοκατάταξης είναι επιβαλλομένη. Το έπραξαν (επιτέλους) πριν λίγες ημέρες οι Αρμένιοι. Πρέπει (επιτέλους) να ακολουθήσουμε. Θα αποτελέσει μια δικαίωση. Θα αποτελέσει ένα πρότυπο αρχών και αξιών. Θα αποτελέσει μια νίκη πίστης και αφοσίωσης.

Καλή Ανάσταση!

6 Απριλίου 1914400 χιλιάδες Θράκεςεξοντώνονται

Όλα τα θύματα των ελληνικών λαών της Μικράς Ασίας, της Θράκης και του Πόντου, που υπερβαίνουν το ένα εκατομμύριο, τους πρέπει μια περίλαμπρη θέση στο συναξάρι της Ορθοδοξίας μας.

Η Ιόνιος Πολιτιστική Ομοσπονδία Αμερικής είχε την μεγάλη τιμή και χαρά , να συναντηθεί με την Πρύτανη του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου Καθηγήτρια κ. Αναστασία Σαλλή Παπασαλή, στα πλαίσια της επίσκεψης της στην Νέα Υόρκη.Στη συνάντηση παρευρέθηκαν ο Παν κερκυραϊκός Σύλλογος Αμερικής με τον Πρόεδρο κ. Θοδωρή Δουκάκη και την Γραμματέα του Συλλόγου κ. Μαρία Κυρόπουλος, την Πρόεδρος της Επιτροπής Πολιτισμού της Ομοσπονδίας των Ελληνικών Ομογενειακών Οργανώσεων Νέας Υόρκης κ. Αυγερινή Κατέχη και τα μέλη του Δ.Σ. της Ιονίου Πολιτιστικής. Η Πρύτανης του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου ενημέρωσε για την ραγδαία ανάπτυξη του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου, για την δρομολόγηση λύσεων στο πρόβλημα των κτιριακών υποδομών και για την ιδιαίτερη πολιτισμική και εκπαιδευτική φυσιογνωμία των τμημάτων του Ιονίου όπου μερικά από αυτά είναι μοναδικά στον ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό χάρτη.

Ο Πρόεδρος της Ιονίου Πολιτιστικής Ομοσπονδίας Αμερικής κ. Νίκος Μπάρδης, ενημέρωσε την Πρύτανη, για τις δράσεις της Ιονίου Ομοσπονδίας , για το πλήθος των Πολιτιστικών Εκδηλώσεων που πραγματοποιεί η Ομοσπονδία στην καρδιά της Νέας Υόρκης με στόχο πάντοτε την προβολή των Ιόνιων Νησιών και τόνισε πως η Ομοσπονδία θα είναι συμπαραστάτης στο έργο του Πανεπιστημίου ενώ συζητήθηκαν τρόποι συνεργασίας μέσω κοινών δράσεων, που θα ωφελήσουν το Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο και θα το προβάλουν στην Ομογένεια και ιδιαίτερα στους νέους ομογενείς.

Ενημέρωση/Πληροφορίες: Νικόλαος ΜπάρδηςΠρόεδρος Ιονίου Πολιτιστικης Ομοσπονδίας ΑμερικήςΕπίτιμος Πρόεδρος Πανκερκυραϊκού Συλλόγου Αμερικής

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New York City in BLACK & WHITE

The Bowery or New York English is a street and neigh-borhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. In the 17th century, the road branched off Broadway north of Fort Amsterdam at the tip of Manhattan to the homestead of Peter Stuyve-sant, Director-General of New Netherland. The street was known as Bowery Lane prior to 1807."Bowery" is an anglicization of the Dutch bouwerij, derived from an antiquated Dutch word for "farm", as in the 17th

century the area contained many large farms.

A New York City Subway station named Bowery, serv-ing the BMT Nassau Street Line (J Z trains), is located close to the Bowery's intersection with Delancey and Kenmare Streets. There is a tunnel under the Bowery once intended for use by proposed but never built New York City Subway services, including the Second Avenue Subway.

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