Rheology of coal-water mixtures containing petro-

96/02506 Liquefaction of coals and its apparatusNakagawa, A. and Sakawa, M. (Assigned to) Shinnippon Seitetsu KK,JAP. Pat. JP.07,238,287, Sep. 1995.The apparatus consists of vibration generators on a part of the Pd finetubes. The coal slurries containing coal and solvents are supplied withmolecular H in Pd fine tubes by pressing to generate atmospheric Handreacted for liquefaction, where the process comprises vibrating the Pd finetubes. The method prevents formation of precipitate on Pd surfaces andgives products with high efficiency.

96/02507 Local density ot acid sites as a controlling factor ofdeactivation of mordenlte In methanol conversion IntohydrocarbonsSatsuma, A. et al., Prepr.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Pet. Chem., 1995,40, (4),570-575.Discusses MeOH conversion to gasoline over H-mordenite, and the effectsof alkaline earth metal incorporation and dealurnination on coking deac­tivation and time-onstream. Dealumination decreased the number andstrength of the strong acid sites and retarded deactivation; Ba-exchangefurther decreased the number of strong acid sites and increased the amountof medium acid sites. However, the slower deactivation observed with Ba­exchanged dealuminated mordenite could not be interpreted only in termsof the total amount and strength of acid sites.

96/02508 Mathematical modeling ot drying of liquids/solidslurries In steady state one-dimensional flowLevi-Hevroni, D. et al., Drying Technol., 1995, 13, (5), J 187-1201.Describes the development of a mathematical model of simultaneous mass,heat and momentum transfer for two-phase flow of a gas and a solid/liquidslurry. The model was applied to calculation of the drying process of coal­water slurry droplets in a gas medium in a steady one-dimensional flow.The model was based on the well-known two-stage drying process forslurry droplets.

96/02509 Method for the hydro isomerization processing offeedstocks from the Flscher·Tropsch processMignard, S. et al., (Assigned to) lnstitut Francais du Petrole, PCT. Int.WO.95,27,020, Oct. 1995.A method for the hydroisomerization processing of feedstocks from theFischer- Tropsch process.

96/02510 Microbially formed catalysts for enhancement ofdirect coal liquefactionKermode, R. I. et al., Chern. Eng. Commun., 1995,131,173-187.The paper examines the potential to biologically precipitate active catalyticcompounds on the surface of coal particles in a water slurry. These com­pounds could be active forms of iron, as element abundant in coal, oractive forms of molybdenum added as a soluble salt.

96/02511 Molecular diffusion coefficients and effective dlf­fusivities of 1-octene in supercrltical ethane in relation toFischer·Tropsch synthesisEaton, A. et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995,40, (6),1293-1297.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis employing supercritical fluid reaction mediaoffers mass transfer advantages over conventional processes. Data areneeded to calculate effective diffusivities in catalyst pores, for whichmolecular diffusion coefficients in the supercritical media as well as thecatalyst porosity and tortuosity are required. The Taylor dispersion tech­nique was used to measure the molecular diffusion coefficients.

96/02512 Molybdenum hexacarbonyl as a catalyst precursortor direct coal liquefactionWarzinski, R. P. and Bockrath, B. C. Prepr. Pap. -Am. Chem. Soc., Div.Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 569-573.The results presented show that MO(CO)6 forms a finely divided activecatalyst for coal liquefaction even in the absence of added liquids or spe­cial impregnation procedures. Experiments with MO(CO)6 in an H/H2Smixture shows that the onset of hydrogenation activity related to methana­tion in the microautoclave system begins near 280°C and increases dramat­ically at about 350°C. Primary dissolution of coal assisted by the catalystfollows the same pattern; a small catalytic effect is observed at 325°C thatincreases in magnitude with temperature.

96/02513 Process design of a novel continuous-mode mini­pilot plant, for direct liquefaction of coal and upgrading of coalliquidsVijay, P. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Own. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40,(3), 542-546.Describes the pilot plant for studying coal liquefaction and coal liquidsupgrading.

96/02514 Process for the conversion of natural gas IntohydrocarbonsChaumette, P. and Boucot, P. (Assigned to) lnstitut Francais du Petrole,EUR. Pat. EP.679,709, Nov. 1995.Describes a process where natural gas is separated in methane and ethaneand the methane-rich fraction is partially oxidized to form a synthesis gas.The ethane-rich fraction and water are then added to the synthesis gas toquench it, and the mixture is then cracked.

02 Liquid fuels (derived liqUid fuels)

96/02515 Production ot synthetic liquid fuel from coalsOsipov, A. M. and Shendrik, T. G. Ekotekhnol. Resursosberezhenie,1995, (1), 3-11. (In Russian)Discusses the direct and indirect coal liquefaction processes and their eco­nomic and environmental aspects. Concludes that in 5-10 years some of thecoal technologies will be capable of replacing petroleum products.

96/02516 Promoting coal hydroliquefactlon through co-useof water and dispersed molybdenum sulfide catalystByrne, R. and Song, C. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,1995,40, (3), 537-441.The authors found that there were strong synergistic effects between waterand a disperse molybdenum sulphide catalyst (2 wt.% Mo) for promotingthe low temperature (350°C) liquefaction of both Wyodak subbituminousand Pittsburgh No.8 bituminous coals. Relative to the catalytic runs of thedried coal, the co-use of catalyst and water (at water-coal 0.46: 1) can morethan double the coal conversion at 350°C for 30 min from 29.8 to 66.5wt.% for Wyodak coal. In the case of Pittsburgh No.8 coal, under the sameprevailing conditions, the overall improvement in conversion on additionof water to the catalytic run is less dramatic, i.e. from 25.1 to 48.0 wt.%.

96/02517 Rationale for continuing R&D in direct coal conver-sion to produce high quality transportation fuelsSrivastava, R. D. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,1995, 40, (3), 513-519.The paper discusses how in the foreseeable future, liquid hydrocarbon fuelswill playa significant role in the transportation sector of both the USA andthe world. Factors favouring these fuels include convenience, high energydensity, and the vast existing infrastructure for their production and use. Atpresent the U.S. consumes about 26% of the world supply of petroleum,but this situation is expected to change because of declining domesticproduction and increasing competition for imports from countries withdeveloping economies. A scenario and time frame are developed in whichdeclining world resources will generate a shortfall in petroleum supply thatcan be alleviated in part by utilizing the abundant domestic coal resourcebase.

96/02518leum cokeVitolo, S. et aI., Fuel, Feb. 1996,75, (3), 259-261.The influence of the addition of petroleum coke as a micronized fraction tocoal-water mixtures (CWM) was observed by rheological characterizationat different temperatures. The addition of petroleum coke in this formimproves the rheological properties of CWM at room temperature.

96/02519 Sodium metalcarbonylates as potential catalystsfor coal liquefaction involving CO/H20 or H2Burgess, C. E. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 564-568.Discusses how the use of sodium cobalt tetracarbonyl with LYROM coaldoes increase coal conversions from baseline conditions for both COlHzOreactions and hydrogenation reactions; but adding cobalt acetate and alkalias separate precursors gives much higher conversion.

96/02520 Solubilization of lignite with superacid(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid)(isopentane at the mildconditionsShimizu, K. et aI., Fuel Process. Tecllllol., 1995, 45, (2), 85-94.Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) was found to solubilize lignite andsubbituminous coal in the presence of isopentane at temperatures as low as150° for three h under autogenous pressure (6.1-6.9 MPa) without hydro­gen. Yallourn coal gave 63 wt.% pyridine solubles and required moreTFMS to achieve the maximum solubility, but the treated Taiheiyo coalcould be 90% solubilized in pyridine by the same reaction with TFMS.

96/02521 Status of coal liquefaction technology in JapanKuznetsov, P. N. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (4), 18-28.(In Russian)The paper discusses the status of coal liquefaction in Japan.

96/02522 Strategy for large scale solubilization of coal -characterization of Neurospora protein and genePatel, A. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40,(3), 547-549.The authors describe a method for the large scale purification of proteinfrom a genetically characterized fungus capable of solubilization of coal.The availability of purified proteins in abundant amount will help in deter­mining the N·terminus sequence of the protein required for the generationof oligonucleotides for the cloning of the gene encoding this protein capa­ble of coal solubilization.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 179