98-365 Instructors Guide Lesson 4

7/23/2019 98-365 Instructors Guide Lesson 4

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Lesson 4

Lesson 4

Monitoring and Troubleshooting Servers

Learning Objectives

Students will learn about:

• Performance

• How to Use the Event Viewer

• How to Boot the System

• Business Continuity

• roubleshootin! "ethodolo!y

ODN Skills

• Understand #erformance monitorin! $%&

• Understand lo!s and alerts $%'

• (dentify ste#s in the startu# #rocess )%*

• Understand business continuity )%&

• Understand troubleshootin! methodolo!y )%4

Lesson Summary — Lecture Notes

his lesson be!ins with a discussion of the (nformation echnolo!y (nfrastructure Library+((L,% ((L is not a well-.nown set of standards and few students will have heard of it%However/ since it is listed in the course ob0ectives/ it is worth coverin!% 1s you discuss

((L/ don2t focus on the ((L standard itself but focus on what each of these standards

re#resent because these standards can hel# any or!ani3ation establish #rocess and #rocedures%

he net section deals with troubleshootin! server #roblems/ includin! a common

troubleshootin! methodolo!y% Em#hasi3e that while wor.in! on a server/ an

administrator will/ of course/ chec. what you have recently dealt with% 1fter you chec.the obvious items/ you need to follow a methodolo!y to systematically fi the #roblem

efficiently% 5et/ the lesson covers the numerous tools available with "icrosoft 6indows server%

6hile !oin! over the troubleshootin! methodolo!y and the tools/ you also need toem#hasi3e that even if you have several years of e#erience/ you will not have all of the

answers% herefore/ students will need to .now when to !et hel# and where to !et that

hel#% hat includes !oin! to the (nternet to find the answers or contactin! the vendor+includin! "icrosoft,%

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Lesson 4

Boot #roblems are common #roblems which are discussed in this lesson% 7ee# in mind

that while 6indows Server &889 and 6indows Server &889 & are "icrosoft2s newest

server o#eratin! systems/ there are still lots of 6indows Server &88' machines out there%herefore/ students will need to .now how to fi both ty#es of machines% 5onetheless/

with the ece#tion of the BC; re#lacin! the boot%ini file/ many of the troubleshootin!

boot #roblems are the same/ includin! usin! the 1dvanced Boot menu and the SystemConfi!uration ool%

5et/ #erformance is discussed% herefore/ students will need to .now what can cause

slow #erformance on a system and how they can isolate the cause of the slow

#erformance% <ou can also demonstrate some of the common tools/ includin! as."ana!er/ Performance "onitor/ and esource "onitor%

5et/ the lesson discusses Business Continuity and how you can ma.e your server and

services fault-tolerant% 6hile discussin! the different technolo!ies available/ remind the

students that fault tolerance can be costly and there is no such thin! as *88= u# time+althou!h this is a !oal that we strive for,% <ou will also discuss clusterin!/ includin! fail-

over clusterin! and networ. load-balancin! clusterin!%

Since we cannot always !et *88= u# time and we are !oin! to eventually deal with some

.ind of failure/ students need to understand how to recover from these failures +includin!how to use bac.u#s,% emember/ the best method of data recovery is bac.u#/ bac.u#/

bac.u#% >f course/ bac.u#s must be built into the #lannin! and im#lementation of a

server or service% 1lso/ you need to em#hasi3e that whatever method or technolo!yselected for bac.u#s must be maintained% o com#lete the bac.u# discussions/ shadow

co#ies are also discussed%

Key Terms

active!assive cluster ? 1 cluster where both servers are confi!ured to wor. as one/ but

only one at a time%

"dvanced #oot O!tions ? >#tions that allows for advanced troubleshootin!/ usually

used to overcome #roblems durin! boot u# of 6indows%

backu! ? he #rocess of ma.in! co#ies of data so that these additional co#ies may beused to restore the ori!inal after a data-loss event%

#oot $on%iguration Data &#$D' ? he 6indows @P and 6indows Server &88'

5L; will read the boot%ini file to determine which o#eratin! system to load even if

your system only has one o#eratin! system%

boot(ini %ile ? 1 file that 6indows @P and 6indows Server &88' 5L; will read todetermine which o#eratin! system to load even if your system only has one o#eratin!

system%

$luster ? 1 !rou# of lin.ed com#uters that wor. to!ether as one com#uter%

di%%erential backu! ? 1 bac.u# used with full bac.u#s/ bac.in! u# only those files that

have chan!ed or are new since the last full bac.u#%

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Lesson 4

)vent *ie+er ? 1 "icrosoft "ana!ement Console +""C, sna#-in that enables you to

browse and mana!e event lo!s%

%ailover cluster ? 1 set of inde#endent com#uters that wor. to!ether to increase theavailability of services and a##lications%

%ull backu! ? 1 bac.u# that bac.s u# all desi!nated files and data% Aor files/ it can shutoff an archive attribute to indicate that the file has been bac.ed u#%

grand%ather%atherson &,-S' ? 1 common bac.u# rotation scheme that uses three

levels of bac.u#s%

incremental backu! ? 1 bac.u# used with full bac.u#s/ bac.in! u# only those files thathave chan!ed or are new since the last full or incremental bac.u#%

.n%ormation Technology .n%rastructure Library &.T.L' ? 1 set of conce#ts and

#ractices for mana!in! (nformation echnolo!y +(, systems/ ( Service "ana!ement

+(S",/ ( develo#ment/ and ( o#erations% ((L !ives detailed descri#tions of a numberof im#ortant ( #ractices and #rovides com#rehensive chec.lists/ tas.s/ and #rocedures

that any ( or!ani3ation can tailor to its needs%Kno+ledge #ase ? he "icrosoft re#ository of thousands of articles made available to

the #ublic by "icrosoft Cor#oration that contains information on #roblems encountered by users of "icrosoft #roducts%

last kno+n good con%iguration ? 1 mode that starts 6indows with the last re!istry and

driver confi!uration that wor.ed successfully/ usually mar.ed as the last successful lo!in%

master boot record &M#/' ? he first $*&-byte boot sector of a #artitioned data stora!e

device such as a hard dis.% (t is used to hold the dis.2s #rimary #artition table andcontains the code to bootstra# an o#eratin! system/ which usually #asses control to the

volume boot record and uniuely identifies the dis. media%

Microso%t TechNet ? 1 "icrosoft 6eb site that includes information on desi!nin!/

#lannin!/ im#lementin!/ mana!in!/ and monitorin! "icrosoft #roducts%

net+ork load balancing &NL#' ? 1 cluster used when multi#le com#uters are

confi!ured as one virtual server to share the wor.load amon! multi#le com#uters%

!aging %ile ? 1 file found on a 6indows system dis. that is used as tem#orary s#ace on

your hard dis. in lieu of 1"%

0er%ormance Monitor ? 1 "icrosoft "ana!ement Console +""C, sna#-in that #rovides tools for analy3in! system #erformance

0o+erOn Sel% Test &0OST' ? 1 series of tests and initiali3ation #rocesses that occurs

every time you turn on a com#uter so that hardware initiali3es and finds an o#eratin!system to load%

/ecovery console ? 1 command-line tool found with 6indows Server &88' that you canuse to re#air 6indows if the com#uter does not start correctly%

/esource Monitor ? 1 #owerful tool for understandin! how your system resources are

used by #rocesses and services%

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Lesson 4

sa%e mode ? 1 tool useful for troubleshootin! #roblems with #ro!rams and drivers which

mi!ht not start correctly or that mi!ht #revent 6indows from startin! correctly%

shado+ co!ies ? 1 technolo!y that allow users to retrieve #revious versions of files andfolders on their own/ without reuirin! ( #ersonnel to restore files or folders from

bac.u# media%

System .n%ormation ? 1 tool that shows details about your com#uter2s hardware

confi!uration/ com#onents/ and software +includin! drivers,%

Task Manager ? >ne of the handiest #ro!rams you can use to ta.e a uic. !lance at #erformance to see which #ro!rams are usin! the most system resources on your

com#uter%

Teaming ? he #rocess of !rou#in! to!ether two or more #hysical 5(Cs into a sin!le

lo!ical 5(C/ which can be used for networ. fault tolerance and increased bandwidththrou!h load balancin!%

uninterru!tible !o+er su!!ly &10S' ? 1n electrical device consistin! of one or more

batteries to #rovide bac.u# #ower when a #ower outa!e occurs%virtual memory ? memory s#ace that combines your com#uter2s 1" with tem#orary

s#ace on your hard dis.% 6hen 1" runs low/ virtual memory moves data from 1" toa s#ace called a #a!in! file%

volume boot record &*#/' ? 1 ty#e of boot sector/ stored in a dis. volume on a hard

dis./ flo##y dis./ or similar data stora!e device that contains code for bootin! an

o#eratin! system such as 5L; and B>>"%

2indo+s 0reinstallation )nvironment &2indo+s 0)' ? 1 minimal 6in'& o#eratin!system with limited services/ built on the 6indows D .ernel% (t is used to #re#are a

com#uter for 6indows installation/ to co#y dis. ima!es from a networ. file server/ and

to initiate 6indows Setu#%

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Lesson 4

Lesson 4Lesson 4

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Servers

Knowledge Assessment

$om!lete the %ollo+ing sentences by +riting the correct +ord or +ords in

the blanks !rovided(

*% he M#/ is the first $*&-byte boot sector of a #artitioned data stora!edevice such as a hard dis.%

&% he #OOT(.N. is a sim#le tet file that defines which o#eratin! system toload on 6indows @P and 6indows Server &88' systems%

'% he sa%e mode starts 6indows with a minimal set of drivers and servers%

4% he System $on%iguration tool can be used to easily disable individualstartu# #ro!rams%

$% (n 6indows/ virtual memory uses a !aging file%

)% teaming is the combinin! of networ. cards to #rovide fault tolerance%

D% 1 cluster is a !rou# of com#uters that wor. to!ether as one virtualcom#uter to #rovide fault tolerance or increased #erformance%

9% he most common failover cluster is the active!assive cluster in whichonly one server is active at a time%

% (n a cluster/ an individual com#uter is .nown as a node%

*8% 1 uninterru!table !o+er su!!ly &10S' is an electrical device to #rovidetem#orary #ower durin! #ower outa!es%

Multiple Choice

$ircle the letter that corres!onds to the best ans+er(

*% 6hat #ublications include a set of conce#ts and #ractices for mana!in!( services/ develo#ment/ and o#erationsF

a% ed boo.

b% ( ;evelo#ment uide

c( .T.L core books

d% ( ransition uideboo.

&% 6hat tool is used to view the hardware and software loaded on a6indows serverF

a( System .n%ormation

b% System Confi!uration

c% 7B tool

d% P>S

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Lesson 4

'% 6here would you find 5L; or B>>" on a hard driveF

a% "B

b( *#/

c% boot%ini

d% 6(55 folder

4% 6hat determines which o#eratin! system should be loaded whenrunnin! 6indows Vista/ 6indows D/ or 6indows Server &889F

a% 1(;

b% U(;

c% boot%ini

d( #$D

$% <ou loaded a #ro!ram and rebooted 6indows% Unfortunately/ 6indowsno lon!er boots% 6hat should you try firstF

a% Enable boot lo!!in!%

b( Load Last Kno+n ,ood $on%iguration

c% ;isable the boot%ini file%

d% einstall 6indows%

)% 6hat #ro!ram !ives you a uic. loo. at system #erformance and the #rocesses that are runnin!F

a( Task Manager

b% Performance "onitor

c% esource "onitor

d% System (nformation

D% GGGGGGGGGG is multi#le com#uters confi!ured as one virtual server toshare the wor.load%

a( Net+ork load balancing

b% 1ctive-#assive cluster

c% S15 cluster

d% erminal server

9% GGGGGGGGGGG is ma.in! co#ies of data so that these additional co#iesmay be used to restore the ori!inal after a data-loss event%

a% ;AS

b% 1(;

c( #acku!

d% E"S

% 6hich ty#e of bac.u# bac.s u# all desi!nated files and turns off thearchive attributeF

a( -ull

b% ;ifferential

c% (ncremental

d% Co#y

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Lesson 4

*8% 6hich ty#e of bac.u# ta.es the lon!est to restoreF

a% Aull

b% ;ifferential

c( .ncremental

d% Co#y

True / False

$ircle T i% the statement is true or - i% the statement is %alse(

T A *% he best method for data recovery is bac.u#%

- &% Shadow co#ies are only available under older file systems%

- '% o view 6indows lo!/ use the Lo! Viewer a##lication%

- 4% % availability means that a system can be down for 4%'&minutes a year%

T A $% Clusters nodes will #rotect a!ainst faulty #ower su##lies/ faulty

#rocessors/ and faulty 1"%

Competency Assessment

Scenario 4-1 !sing a Trou"leshooting Methodology

<our com#uter does not boot% he com#uter has no li!hts and you hear no bee#s% 6hat

would the ste#s be in troubleshootin! this #roblemF

-irst you need to identi%y and document the !roblem sym!toms3 +hich are !retty obvious since you

turned the !o+er button on and nothing ha!!ens( ou +ould ne5t evaluate system con%iguration3 and

you should likely %ind that nothing changed( Ne5t3 you +ould list or track !ossible solutions( Thiscould be caused by the system not being !lugged in3 no !o+er to the "$ outlet +here the server

connects3 %aulty !o+er su!!ly3 %aulty motherboard or memory3 or a short or !o+er overload( ou

+ould check each com!onent one by one3 usually %rom easiest to hardest( "%ter you try isolating or

re!lacing each com!onent3 you then move on to the ne5t one( "%ter you %ind and %i5 the !roblem3

document the changes and noti%y the customer or client o% the !roblem and its %i5(

Scenario 4-# $lanning a %ac&up Strategy

<ou have several servers that all include im#ortant data that chan!es often% Unfortunately/

when you try to bac. u# these servers/ it ta.es about '8 hours to com#lete% 6hat would

you recommend as a bac.u# strate!yF

.t is obvious that you should back u! daily since the data is im!ortant and changeso%ten( ou should !er%orm a %ull back u! on the +eekends and di%%erential back u!s

or incremental back u!s daily( ou could also isolate the !rograms and data and

back u! the data each night +hile backing u! everything on the +eekends(

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Lesson 4

$ro'iciency Assessment

Scenario 4-( Loo&ing at %ac&ups

<ou have setu# bac.u#s and you #erform full bac.u#s once a wee. and incremental bac.u#s "onday throu!h hursday% So what should you do netF

ou +ill need to test those backu!s to make sure you are getting +hat you needed

backed u! and to make sure the backu!s are good( There%ore3 you +ill need to delete

a nonessential %ile and try to do a restore( ou should also do a !lanned recovery o%

an entire system %rom time to time(

Scenario 4-4 Loo&ing at )*ent +iewer

<ou are e#eriencin! some #roblems on a server runnin! 6indows Server &889 &%<ou

lo! in and o#en the Server "ana!ement console and decide to loo. at the System lo!s in

the Event Viewer% Unfortunately/ you see many errors and warnin!s% 6hat should youhave done before you had #roblems to !et the most of the Event Viewer%

ou +ill need to +eed through the )vent *ie+er6s many messages so that you can

%ocus on those messages that are relevant or !ossibly relevant( There%ore3 you need

to set u! a %ilter based on errors and !ossible +arnings( ou can then sort by date

and time so that you can %ocus on those messages that a!!ear at the time the

!roblem occurred and right be%ore that time(

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98-365 Instructors Guide Lesson 4