LIST OF INTERVIEWEES

Name Occupation Age

Aoki, Daniel T. former administrative aide to Governor 67 John A. Burns

Fong, Hiram L. former United States Senator 79

Gill, Thomas P. attorney and former Lieutenant 62 Governor

Hogan, Robert G. attorney and former Statehood Commission 74 member

Lehleitner, George retired New Orleans businessman 79

MacNaughton, Malcolm retired Castle and Cooke executive 75

Tuttle, Daniel W. political scientist 60

McElrath, Robert retired ILWU Regional Director 69

Whitehead, John S. Professor of History, University of Alaska at Fairbanks

A-1

GLOSSARY

The following words and phrases are non-English terms. Non-English is here defined as any lexical item not found in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Ltd., 1975).

The letter in parentheses after each word indicates its language family:

C - Chinese H - Hawaiian J - Japanese

References for the definitions used in this glossary include Koh Masuda, Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, Ltd., 1974), and Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1977).

In two instances, the spellings and definitions were provided by OHP staff. These words are asterisked (*).

The following definitions apply to the lexical terms as they appear in the context of the transcripts.

akamai (H) Smart, clever, expert

'Ewa (H) Place name west of ~nolulu, used as a direction

term

furo (J) Public bath; bathhouse

hana (H) Work Haole (H) Caucasian ~Haole (H) Part-White

person; of part-White blood ho hana (H) Literally, field

work with a hoe*

kama'aina (H) native-born kanalua (H) Doubtful; to

doubt; hesitate. Members of the Territorial Jegislature abstained from voting by saying, 11 kanalua. 11

luna (H) foreman, overseer, supervisor

'okole (H) Anus, buttocks

pau (H) Finished, ended, completed, over, done

saimin (C) A dish consisting of noodles in a soup base; literally, sai =thin, mein = noodles* -

ukupau (H) Piece labor, pay

B-1

by the job rather than according to time; literally, finished pay

Alaska, oil, 32-33, 35 Alaska, statehood

and constitutional convention, 20-21, 28, 29

objections to, 14, 26, 28, 32 34

objections to, non-contiguity, 117, 162

support as "last frontier," 27, 34

support by congressmen, 29-31 (see also "TENNESSEE PLAN")

Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act, 34-35

Allen, Riley, 94 Anthony, Garner, 11-12 Aoki, Daniel T. (interview), 148-

86 as administrative aide in

Washington, D.C., 176-78, 179-80

and Democratic party, 156-57, 160-61, 162-66, 168-69, 184-86

as 442nd veteran, 160-61, 169-70, 176-78, 180, 185-86

and ILWU, 152-54, 166-67 and John A. Burns, 140,

155-56, 158, 159-61, 168-69, 176-78, 179-81

Apoliona, Sam, 117 Arcia, Ike, 71 Armed forces

expenditures and statehood, 84 442nd Infantry Regiment, 13,

44, 56-57, 64-65, 155, 156, 157, 178, 180 (see also 442ND VETERANS' CLUB)

100th Infantry Battalion, 13, 44, 56-57, 155, 157

36th Division Battalion, 158-59' 175

Atherton Estate, 91 Atherton, Ballard, 59

Baldwin, Frank, 169 Bartlett, E.L. "Bob," 29, 162 Beppu, Tadao, 153 Big Five

and martial law, 95

INDEX --

C-1

Big Five (continued) and statehood, 59-61, 76, 100,

112, 114-15, 117-18, 119, 132, 165-66, 182, 184

and voting, 110 Birth control, abortions, 120 Blacks in New Orleans, 3-4, 5 Blaisdell, Neal, 74 Blanding, Don, 9 Borthwick, William, 113-14 Brennan, Edward A., 100 Bridges, Harry, 114 "Broom Brigade," 78, 114-15 Budge, Alexander, 165-66 Burns, Edward, 164-65 Burns, John A.

and Alaska statehood, 29, 31-32, 66, 161

and Big Five, 119, 165-66, 182 as candidate, 141-42, 171-73 and Democratic party, 41-42,

43-44, 119, 131, 132, 139-42, 155-56, 168-69, 171

as governor, 104, 119-20, 185 as senatorial candidate, 182 suspected as Communist, 167-

68, 181, 182 (see also COM­MUNISM, AND ILWU)

as territorial delegate to Congress, 21, 28-29, 30, 31-32, 42, 54, 63-64, 65-66, 79-80, 102, 117, 133-36, 158-60, 162, 174-75, 176, 178, 179-80, 181-83, 185-86

Burns, Mrs. John A. (Beatrice), 158

Business, and statehood, 52-54, 142

California, statehood, 15 Campbell, Alice Kamokila, 122 Castle & Cooke, Inc., 50, 51-52,

56, 59-61, 62, 63, 153, 165-66 Chinese, 70-71

in politics, 139 during World War II, 154

Clark, Mark, 177-78 Collective bargaining, 73-74 Commercial Club, 71

Commonwealth status, as alterna­tive to Hawai 1 i statehood, 53, 99-102, 104, 130, 137-38

Communism, and ILWU, 76, 114, 115, 118, 136

Community, sense of, 49-50, 52, 59, 79' 148

Constitution, of Hawai•i, 128, 131

Constitutional convention of 1950, 121' 128' 131

Crossley, Randolph, 65-66, 131-32 Crozier, Willie, 138

Democratic party, 32, 40-41, 43-44, 51, 63, 75, 79, 85, 92, 102, 103, 104, 110, 131, 132, 140-42, 151, 157, 160-66, 168-70, 184-86

and Hawaiians, 139 and ILWU, 118-19

(see also JOHN A. BURNS, AND DEMOCRATIC PARTY)

Dillingham, Walter F., 53, 54, 101-2' 112' 130

Dillingham, Mrs. Walter F. (Louise), 58, 61

Dodge, Bob, 128, 140 Doi, Masato, 157 Dole Corporation (formerly

Hawaiian Pineapple Company), 52 Dorn, William Jennings Bryan, 177 Dyer, John, 91

East-West Center, 79, 135 Eastland, James, 80 Education, and apprenticeship, 2,

4, 5 college, 70-71, 151, 153 costs of, in territorial

Hawai 1 i, 163 on Mainland, 5, 48, 126

Egan, William, 30 Eisenhower, Dwight "Ike," 121, 183 Emergency Service Committee, 156 Ethnic relations

between Hawaiians and Orienta 1 s, 138

in New Orleans, among European immigrants, 3-5

between Southern Whites and Hawai 1 i nisei, 157-58

and statehood, 142-43

C-2

Family and home life, parental guidance in, 70-71, 148-52

Farrington, Joseph, 42, 54, 73, 77, 113, 116-17, 130-31, 183

Farrington, Mrs. Joseph (Eliza­.beth), 42, 116, 172-73

Fasi, Frank F., 74, 132, 135, 139, 140

Filipinos, in politics, 139 Fitkin, Ralph, 116 Fong, Hiram L. (interview), 70-85

assessment of Burns by, 79-80 education of, 70-71 and Republican party, 71-73,

74-75, 85 as senator, 79-81, 82-84 and statehood, 73-74, 76-78,

79 Fong, Leonard, 71 Fortescue, Grace, 73 442nd Infantry Regiment (see ARMED

FORCES) 442nd Veterans• Club, 156 Fulbright, J. William, 28, 91-92,

97

Gill, Thomas P. (interview), 40-44, 83-84J 102, 140, 141

assessment of Burns by, 42, 44 and Democratic party, 40-41

Gleason, Pat, 71 Greenstein, Hy, 138

Hale, Helene, 138 Hall, Jack, 43, 51, 74, 113, 114,

118 and John A. Burns, 119, 167

Haoles (Caucasians), 50-51, 137, 140

Hawai 1 i, attitude toward and internationalism, 28, 75,

97 since statehood, 178 by Southerners on -Mainland,

80-81, 157 Hawai 1 i, future of, 104, 185-86 Hawai 1 i, statehood (see STATEHOOD;

"TENNESSEE PLAN") Hawaiian Telephone Co., 166 Hawaiians, and statehood, 117, 122,

138-39 Hearst, William Randolph, 96 Heen, Ernest, 171

Heen, William, 74, 141 Hickel, Walter, 35 Hill, William "Doc," 113 Ho, Chinn , 71 Hogan, Robert G. (interview), 90-

105, 138 and commonwealth proposal, 99-

102 as Hawai'i Statehood

Commission member, 95, 97-100

Holland, Spessard, 17, 135 Honolulu Advertiser, 93-94, 115,

116 Honolulu Chamber of Commerce,

52 and statehood, 53, 54, 55-57,

59, 174, 182 Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 94, 113,

116, 130, 163, 167, 173 Humphrey, Mrs. Hubert (Muriel),

83-84

IMUA (Hawai'i Residents' Associa­tion)

and Republican party, 168 and statehood, 14, 58, 78,

101, 115, 117-18, 167 Inouye, Daniel K., 16, 131, 137,

140, 141, 157, 160, 161, 165, 169

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), 58, 74, 76-77, 121, 140, 152, 153, 167

support of political candi­dates, 113-14, 166-67

(see also COMMUNISM, AND ILWU)

Jabulka, Jan, 61-62 Jackson, Henry, 31 Japanese

aliens in wartime, 11, 156 attitude toward, 42-43, 49,

157-58, 178-81 and education, 111 issei (first-generation immi­

grants), 110-11 and jobs, 50, 153-55 and politics, 42-43, 51, 165

(see also JOHN A. BURNS, AND DEMOCRATIC PARTY)

as veterans, 119, 166, 176-78

C-3

Japanese-language schools, 150 Jobs, types of

cistern maker, 2 fireman, 154-55 ho hana, 152 minister, 148-50 sales, 6-7 stevedore, 111 teacher, 164

Johnson, Lyndon, and statehood, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 63-64, 66, 79-80, 83, 120, 135, 158-59, 174-75

Johnson, Ralph, 59 Judges, territorial, 102-3, 111-12

Kamins, Robert, 128-29 Kawano, Jack, 153 Kealoha, James, 65 Kefauver, Estes, 17, 135 Kido, Mitsuyuki, 156 King, Samuel P., 137 King, Samuel Wilder, 11, 121, 132,

183 Kometani, Katsumi, 156 Kuykendall, Ralph, 9

Labor, and statehood, 111 Land

leasing, 92-93, 120 ownership, 120 ownership problems, 93-94 taxes, 164

Laureta, Alfred, 139 Lawyers, 50, 51, 71-72, 81 Lehleitner, George (interview), 1-21

and Alaska statehood, 20-21, 26, 27, 29, 134-35

childhood in New Orleans of, 2-5

and Congress, 14-18 and Hawai'i statehood, 11-21,

27, 29, 64, 128, 129, 130, 133-35

and "Tennessee Plan," 18-21, 128-30, 133-35

and territorial laws, 11-13 Lewis, Hal "Aku," 53 Liquor, homemade, 7 Little Wagner Act, 73-74, 131 Long, Huey P., 90 Long, Oren, 74, 79, 84, 102, 136,

141

Long, Russell, 16, 29, 135 Louisiana, statehood, 15

MacNaughton, Ernest Boyd, 48-49 MacNaughton, Malcolm (interview),

48-66 Magnuson, Warren, 31 Mainland, South, perceptions of

Japanese-Americans during World War II, 157-58

Mansfield, Mike, 30 Massie case , and statehood, 73,

96 Matsunaga, Sparky, 16, 157 McCarran Act, 132, 138 McElrath, Robert (interview), 110-

22 assessment of Burns by, 117,

119-21 and ILWU, 112-16, 117, 121

Meller, Norman, 18, 128 Mink, Patsy, 139, 140, 141-42 Miyamoto, Takaichi, 70 Money and finance, taxes

under commonwealth, 137-38 under territory, 163

Morioka, Ted, 166 Murai, Ernest, 156

National security and Federal Bureau of Investi­

gation, 13, 168 wartime, 13

New Orleans, Irish Channel, 2-5 railroads, 2, 5 water supply, 2

Newspapers Japanese, 116 and politics, 131, 133

(see also HONOLULU ADVERTISER; HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN)

Noonan, Mary, 119 Norwood, Bill, 59, 119, 166

0 1 Brien, Leo, 15, 17, 29-30 Okumura, Rev. Taki~, 148 100th Infantry Battalion (see

ARMED FORCES)

Pacific Forum, 64-65 Parent-Teacher Association (PTA),

163 Pay, of dock workers, 111, 115

C-4

Pepper, Claude, 136 Perquisites, 149 Pillion, John, 14 Plantations, life on, 70, 110 Politics, 127-28, 136, 184

and campaigning, 81-82, 83-84, 85-88, 141-42, 172

and elections, gubernatorial, (1959), 65-66, 120-21, 141, 167, 181-82

and elections, gubernatorial, (1962), 182

and elections, territorial, 72, 81, 137, 161, 171, 172, 173, 178

and elections , U.S . Congress, 74, 83-84, 141-42

and referendums, initiatives, and recalls, 121-22

and social changes, 142-43 territorial, 71, 72, 81-82 and voting, among Japanese, 132 and voting, on plantations,

151-52 Porteus, Hebden, 11, 121, 139 Porteus, Stanley, 11 Purdy, Millard, 135, 163, 165, 172

Quinn, William F., 65-66, 77, 103-4, 120-21, 141-42, 174, 181-83

Radio and radio stations, 6, 8, 116 Rankin, John E., 9, 157 Rayburn, Sam, 29, 31, 64, 158-59,

174-75, 183 Religion, Catholicism, 119-201

140 Republican party, 40, 43, 51, 62,

72, 75, 77, 83, 85, 110, 112, 119, 127, 130, 131-32, 137, 139, 156, 162-63

and Hawaiians, 139 (see also IMUA)

Rice, Charles A., 78 Rice, Harold, 100, 102 Richardson, William, 140 Rivers, Mendel, 159, 175-78 Russell, Ward, 166

Sakakihara, Thomas, 78, 81 Seaton, Fred, 103, 174 "Second Mahele," 120 Segregation, New Orleans, 3-4, 5

Sheffield, William, 35 Smathers, George, 135 Smith Act Trial, 57, 118 Smith, Howard, 55-57 Stainback, Ingram, 28, 53, 94-97,

101-2, 103 , 113-14, 137 Starr, Russell, 166 Statehood Commission, Hawai'i, 61-

62, 79, 95, 97-100, 129, 130, 173-74

Statehood after Alaska statehood, 15,

20-21, 66, 120, 133, 136, 161

and conservatism in Congress, 14, 15-16, 18, 27, 80-81, 97-99, 101

and constitutional convention, 77-78, 121

and economy, 26, 33, 40, 42, 43, 52-53, 59-61, 84-85, 182

and joint congressional bill with Alaska, 28, 161-62

Mainland apathy towards, 14, 42, 55, 57

objections to, non-contiguity, 15, 18, 57, 117

objections to, racism, 13, 26, 42, 55-57, 114, 117

objections to, suspected Com­munism, 14, 28, 43, 57, 76, 101, 114, 136 (see also DEMOCRATIC PARTY, AND COMMU­NISM)

opponents in Hawai'i, 53, 74-75, 96

supporters, 16-17, 84, 98, 112, 121, 129, 135, 158 (see also JOHN A. BURNS; HONOLULU CHAMBER OF COMMERCE; GEORGE LEHLEITNER)

Strikes and walkouts, (1949), 75-76, 78, 114-15

Sugar cane, and legislation, 112

Takabuki, Matsuo, 140, 157, 182 Takahashi, Sakae, 157, 160 Tavares, C. Nils, 91, 130 Teachers College, 164 "Tennessee Plan," 18-21, 28, 29,

30, 128-30, 134-35 Tennessee, statehood, 19-20

C-5

Territorial appointments, 12, 73, 77, 95, 103, 111-12

Territorial delegate, powers of, 77, 174

Territorial governor, powers of, 102

Territorial laws during World War II, 11, 12, 95

36th Division Battalion (see ARMED FORCES)

Thompson, Dave, 118 Thurmond, Strom, 80 Thurston, Lorrin P., 79, 93, 173 Tokunaga, Mike, 140, 141, 171 Tourism, 52, 61, 71 Trask, David Sr., in politics,

118-19 Travel, to (and on) Mainland, 52,

57 Tsukiyama, Wilfred, 74, 156 Tuttle, Daniel W. (interview), 18,

126-43 assessment of Burns by, 133-

35, 139-42 assessment of "Democratic Rev­

olution" by, 142-43 and "Tennessee Plan," 128-30

United Nations, 91-92 University of Hawai'i, 164

comparison of, with Negro col­leges, 156-57

Vitousek family, 72

Whitehead, JohnS. (interview), 26-36

assessment of Burns by, 28-29, 31-32

Wilson, John, 74 Women, and work, 164 Woolaway, Arthur, 78 Work

and government employees, 75 and loyalty oath during Commu­

nist scare, 136 during World War II, for

ethnic minorities, 154 World War II, martial law during,

11, 95, 156 Wright, Fred, 71 Wyoming, compared with Hawai'i in

1950s, 127

Yarborough, Ralph, 17 Yoshinaga, Nadao, 157

C-6

PERSPECTIVES ON HAWAI'I'S STATEHOOD

ORAL HISTORY PROJECT Social Science Research Institute University of· Hawai'i at Manoa

JUNE 1986