A Analysis on DC Motor

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THESIS SUPERVISOR :-

EN. Mohd Zool Khazani CO SUPERVISOR :-

EN. Muhammad Nazir

PRESENTED BY:-

JEGA THEEPAN

4081026271


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If we are using rechargeable battery in our mechanism wehave recharge the battery or change the battery frequently torun the mechanism.

The number of application of DC motor is increasing day bydays

Using the right motor with the right battery combination is veryimportant. If a motor that is too large for the battery is used, the lifeof the battery will be shortened and the motor will not have muchactual operational time. When the battery begins to lose its charge,it must be recharged with another DC source

If we are using a single type of battery it may have to wait to fully

charge the battery and use back. By implementing above problem, user may not deserve to

change the battery frequently because we already implementedanother batter source to save the energy which we may useback again and maintain using in long term.


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In this case we have to use two battery. DC motor and

extra small DC motor as a function of Dynamo

When the main Dc motor rotate meanwhile we will

attached the small Dc motor together to charge the

secondary battery.

This function can be use for nasa robot in space,

remote toy cars, wireless mouse and many more otherapplications.

To support the first battery when switching thecharged battery to save the time of travelling (to

reach at specified place in short time).


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When the battery begins to lose its charge, it must berecharged with another source .For the electric motorto provide energy, its output has to pass through

electric motor which can be used in conjunction witha source of mechanical energy and a rectifier torecharge battery which to turn to generator which canproduce the power to charge an automotive battery.

So by using battery it wont stay for a long period. Thiswill make the user to change or charged the batteryafter the battery low.


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In order to change the battery or use the toys again, itwill take time to change or recharge the battery.

Therefore, to overcome this problem, a battery back up

system is introduced to charged the battery while the DCmotor runs in various load.


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To design a small scale model that

implements the Dc motor, battery by

using PIC16F877A To analyze and charge of the battery

according to the loads given and based ontime with two type of battery

To identify and evaluate the performance ofthe Dc Motor with the battery according tothe speed or the load been applied.


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The focus on this study is to analyze the performance

of the battery by the load given by the Dc motor and

time saving by changing the battery when it is low.


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The limitation in this study is microcontroller and DCmotor for controlling the entire system.

Cost: Microcontrollers with the supplementary circuit

components are much cheaper Size and Weight: Microcontrollers are compact and

light

Small, compact, and easy to find and fixed


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To overcome the user to change the battery frequently

The usage of the mechanisms can be use in long duration

by saving the energy and the travelling


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1. Chigasaki[1] developed Battery ChargingSystem for Power-Assisted battery chargingsystem for power assisted. The new system

consists of a small solar power generator. Thesystem also includes, a battery pack containing alithium-ion secondary battery, a charging anddischarging control system, and a battery

charger.


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2. John J.C. Kopera Cobasys 2004 [2] Inside the NickelMetal Hydride Battery. The Nickel Metal Hydride(NiMH) battery has become pervasive in todays

technology climate, powering everything from cellularphones to hybrid electric vehicles. The NiMH batterystarted its life as an evolution from the nickel hydrogenbattery used in aerospace applications. NiMH batterieshave been in development for well over twenty years, but

were mere laboratory curiosities before the developmentof advanced metal hydride electrodes that were capable ofbeing charged and discharged in a cell environment

without failure.


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Christer Sderberg [3] A Milestone in theDevelopment of DC Motors DC motors have existedfor more than a century, and at least twice during that

period they have been popularly regarded as doomedto extinction. The first time this happened was whenthree-phase AC supply came onto the scene around theturn of the century. Thanks to their good regulatoryproperties DC motors nevertheless survived and,

during the last few decades, have become morepopular than ever, largely due to thyristor convertersmaking it easy to capitalize on the advantages of DCtechnology.


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Based on the previous methods, there is need some additional

application to be add on the system in order to make the system

more efficient.

The main concern in all of the previous method is tomaintaining the battery usage by not changing frequently

In this thesis, display and LED will be use to display the RPM

Battery voltage and the Motor voltage.

This will show the situation of the battery while charging.


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Table 1: Types of DC MotorType Advantages Disadvantages

Stepper Motor Very precise speed and position control.

High Torque at low speed.

Expensive and hard to find. Require a

switching control circuit

DC Motor w/field coil Wide range of speeds and torques. Morepowerful than permanent magnet motors.

Require more current than permanentmagnet motors, since field coil must be

energized. Generally heavier than

permanent magnet motors. More difficult

to obtain.

DC permanent magnet motor Small, compact, and easy to find. Very

inexpensive

Generally small. Cannot vary magnetic

field strength.

Gasoline (small two stroke) Very high power/weight ratio. Provide

Extremely high torque. No batteries

required.

Expensive, loud, difficult to mount, very

high vibration.


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Fig 1: Overall System Block Diagram


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1) Hardware Implementation:

IC LM293D - is an integrated circuit motor driver.

IC MAX232 - is an integrated circuit (IC) that acts as

RS232.

DC geared motor - used to illustrate the vehicle speed

based on the rotation of the motor.

LED - works as power indicator

There are 1 switches used for button in turning on/off


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Primary Battery- non-rechargeable battery chemicalreaction is not easily reversible

Secondary Battery - rechargeable battery easily reversedchemical reaction

Capacity - available output of battery

Charge - state of battery, capacity remaining

Discharge - state of battery, capacity used

Battery Type - Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) battery, Nickel-Cadmium battery, Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) battery,Lithium Ion battery


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Software Design:

Fig 2: Flowchart of the Software Subsystem:


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Fi 3: Schematic Connection

RS232

Encoder

DC Motor

LM293D

Power

Supply

PIC16F877A

MAX232

DC Motor


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Performance Evaluation for Development of Hardware

and Software Implementation

1. Procedure to Test Performance of Battery type 1

Speed 1


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Procedure to Test Performance of Battery type 1

Speed 2


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Speed 3


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2. Procedure to Test Performance of Battery type 2

Speed 1


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Speed 2


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Speed 3


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3. Procedure to Test Performance of Primary Battery type

1 with Secondary battery.

Speed 1


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Procedure to Test Performance of Primary Battery

type 1 with Secondary battery.

Speed 2


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Speed 3


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4. Procedure to Test Performance of Primary

Battery type 2 with Secondary battery.

Speed 1


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Speed 2


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Speed 3


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1. Measurement Test


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3. Performance of DC Motor Testing

There are three speed of DC motor output which is faster, medium,

slower, and stop. The vehicle can go for the fastest and with max RPM

and min RPM. If the battery voltage had been reached at the max value it will stop


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A small scale model was developed and equipped withthe ultrasonic sensor in order to maintain the safe

distance (38.1-63.5cm) between vehicle and the

obstacle (or preceding vehicle) in front.

The model has the ability to detect the front vehicle

and measure the distance between them was achieved

by displaying the distance value in centimetre on the

LCD. The sensor can perform well under hot sun, overcast

weather and at the 90 angle of sensor placement.


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[1] http://japantechniche.com/category/clean-tech/

[2] Datasheet of Inside the Nickel Metal Hydride Battery 2005

[2 ] http://www02.abb.com/global/gad/gad02077.nsf/lupLongContent/2AF8C5B
http://japantechniche.com/category/clean-tech/http://japantechniche.com/category/clean-tech/http://japantechniche.com/category/clean-tech/http://japantechniche.com/category/clean-tech/


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Thank you

Documents

A Analysis on DC Motor