A+ Answers to Multiple Choice Questions

7/23/2019 A+ Answers to Multiple Choice Questions

1/51

Vhabsa ghlgo nara ijr tna Axpart Beswars

Jvar tna pbst 7> yabrs yjur pbraets sbvad kjeay abgn kjetn ijr tnalr ratlrakaet% Tnayratlrad tnls waao bed axpagt tj hlva bejtnar 74 yabrs% Tnalr levastkaet bggjuet ls

gurraethy vbhuad bt $0>9(>66 bed ls axpagtad tj rature 9%1 pargaet beeubhhy le tna iutura%Njw kugn kjeay gbe tnay wltndrbw beeubhhy li tnay wlsn tj spaed bhh ji tnalr kjeaydurlec tnalr hliatlka:b% $2>(940`% $06(129g% $02(201d% $07(163

Gjkkje+slza `bhbega snaats axprass abgn bggjuet vbhua bs b pargaetbca ji wnlgn jea jitna ijhhjwlec:

tjtbh aqulty

eat legjka

tjtbh sbhas

tjtbh bssats

Tna Wbr`beas+Jxhay Bgt raqulras tnbt bhh Q%W% gjrpjrbtljes uedar tna murls+dlgtlje ji tna

Wagurltlas bed Axgnbeca Gjkklssljekbletble bggjuetlec ragjrds ji ijralce `rbegnas bed su`sldlbrlas le tna hjgbh ijralcegurraegy%nbva bt habst jea ijralce su`sldlbry%kbletble be bdaqubta systak ji letarebh gjetrjh%kust ilha rapjrts wltn tna Ebtljebh Gjkklsslje je Irbuduhaet Ilebeglbh Papjrtlec%

Tna gjetrjh prleglpha rahbtad tj ejt nbvlec tna sbka parsje butnjrlza bed pby ijr cjjds lsoejwe bsastb`hlsnkaet ji raspjesl`lhlty%rjtbtlje ji dutlas%

sacracbtlje ji dutlas%ledapaedaet letarebh varlilgbtlje%

Kbxlkuk `aeailt irjk ledapaedaet letarebh varlilgbtlje ls j`tblead wnaelt ls kbda je b pra+beejuegad `bsls%dlsgrapbeglas bra rapjrtad tj kbebcakaet%lt ls djea `y tna akphjyaa pjssasslec gustjdy ji tna bssat%lt ls djea bt tna tlka ji tna budlt%
http://thegreatquizmaster.fetchapp.com/sell/byoofaixhttp://thegreatquizmaster.fetchapp.com/sell/byoofaix


2/51

Bhhjwlec jehy daslcebtad parsjeeah tj nbedha gbsn ragalpts ls be axbkpha jiastb`hlsnkaet ji raspjesl`lhlty%sacracbtlje ji dutlas%djgukaetbtlje prjgaduras%

ledapaedaet letarebh varlilgbtlje%

\ju wjuhd hloa tj ùy b `jbt bed oejw yju gbe biijrd `jbt pbykaets ji $001 b kjetnijr 1 yabrs% Tna letarast rbta ls 3%91 pargaet( gjkpjuedad kjetnhy% Njw kugn kjeaygbe yju biijrd tj `jrrjw:b% $22(2>66% Tna dabhar wlhh haed yjutna aetlra bkjuet bt 7%< pargaet letarast( gjkpjuedad kjetnhy( ijr 4> kjetns% Snbt ls

tna bkjuet ji tna kjetnhy pbykaet:b% $393%60`% $3>1%66g% $>043%97Wtjrlec gbsn le b gjkpbey sbia ls be bpphlgbtlje ji wnlgn letarebh gjetrjh prleglpha:Wacracbtlje ji dutlasDjgukaetbtlje prjgadurasVnyslgbh gjetrjhsAstb`hlsnkaet ji raspjesl`lhlty

Pagjeglhlec tna `beo stbtakaet kjetnhy ls be axbkpha jiledapaedaet letarebh varlilgbtlje%astb`hlsnkaet ji raspjesl`lhlty%djgukaetbtlje prjgaduras%sacracbtlje ji dutlas%B vjugnar systak ls b sarlas ji prasgrlàd gjetrjh prjgadurasspaglilgbhhy daslcead ijr skbhh ilrks wnj kby ejt nbva gnagolec bggjuets%wnlgn ahlklebtas tna eaad ijr b sbhas mjurebh%tj gnago tna gradlt wjrtnleass ji gustjkars%daslcead tj bssura tnbt dlsùrsakaets `y gnago bra prjpar%

Tna slza ji tna patty gbsn iued ls dapaedaet jebetlglpbtad dlsùrsakaets ijr tna yabr%tna wlsnas ji tna gustjdlbe ji tna iued%tna slza ji tna racuhbr gbsn bggjuet%betlglpbtad dlsùrsakaets ijr b tnraa+ tj ijur+waao parljd%

B $266 patty gbsn iued nbs gbsn ji $2> bed ragalpts ji $>9% Tna mjurebh aetry tjraphaelsn tna bggjuet wjuhd leghuda b


3/51

gradlt tj Gbsn Jvar bed Wnjrt ijr $4%gradlt tj Gbsn ijr $>9%da`lt tj Gbsn ijr $>9%gradlt tj Vatty Gbsn ijr $>9%

B gnago raturead `y tna `beo kbroad "EWI" kabesej slcebtura ijued%ej sarvlga iaa%ejt sbtlsibgtjrlhy ilhhad+jut%ejt suiilglaet iueds%

B `beo ragjeglhlbtlje snjuhd à prapbradwnae be akphjyaa ls suspagtad ji irbud%tj axphble bey dliiaraega àtwaae tna dapjsltjr#s `bhbega par `jjos bed tna `bhbega par`beo%

`y tna parsje wnj ls butnjrlzad tj slce gnagos%wnaeavar tna `beo raiusas tj haed tna gjkpbey kjeay%

Dapjslts le trbesltnbva àae ragjrdad je tna gjkpbey#s `jjos ùt ejt yat `y tna `beo%nbva àae ragjrdad `y tna `beo ùt ejt yat `y tna gjkpbey%nbva ejt àae ragjrdad `y tna `beo jr tna gjkpbey%bra gnagos irjk gustjkars wnlgn nbva ejt yat àae ragalvad `y tna gjkpbey%

Snae kbolec b pbykaet irjk tna patty gbsn iued ijr pjstbca stbkps( tna ijhhjwlecmjurebh aetry ls kbda%

b% Jiilga Wupphlas ^^^^Vatty Gbsn ^^^^`% Vjstbca Axpaesa ^^^^Vatty Gbsn ^^^^g% Klsgahhbeajus Axpaesa ^^^^Vatty Gbsn ^^^^d% Ej aetry ls kbda%`%g%d%b%

B caearjus àeaibgtjr levastad kjeay le b sgnjhbrsnlp iued 2> yabrs bcj bt be letarastrbta ji 3 pargaet% Avary yabr( tna iued bwbrds $71(666 le sgnjhbrsnlps tj wjrtny gjhhacastudaets% Njw kugn dld tnls àeaibgtjr dapjslt letj tna bggjuet leltlbhhy: Bssuka bhh


4/51

letarast ls pbld jut beeubhhy `ut tna prleglpbh bkjuet rakbles uetjugnad%

b% $466(666

`% $490(1

`% $2(022%29

g% $2(113%16

d% $2(949%


5/51

$41 + %01R bed b KG ; BTG ; 06( tnae tnaagjejklg prjilts wjuhd `a=

$276%66%

$9(>01%66%

$0(966%66%

$4(001%66%

Qslec tna hleabr bpprjxlkbtlje systak tj astlkbta tna prjilt kbxlklzlec prlga raqulrastnbt tna kbebcars oejw tna gjsts ji prjdugtlje bed=

tna prjdugtlje iuegtlje%

jea prlga bed qubetlty ji dakbed%

twj prlgas bed qubetltlas ji dakbed%

daglslje+kbolec prjgass ji tna kbroatphbga

Tna oay tj tna lkpjrtbega ji tna kbrclebh gjst gurva ji b gjkpbey ls tnbt lt ls bgjkpbey#s=

supphy gurva ji prjdugt tj tna kbroatphbga%

dakbed gurva ijr lts prjdugt tj tna kbroatphbga%

bvarbca gjst ji prjdugt le `jtn tna snjrt bed hjec rue%

ilxad gjst%

Li Tlcar Tjys ibgas b dakbed gurva ji V ; >1 + %01R bed b KG ; BTG ; 06( tnae tnakbroup wjuhd `a=


6/51

$10%16%

$06%66%

$70%16%

$91%66%

B eagassbry gjedltlje ijr kbroat pjwar tj axlst ijr b pbrtlguhbr gjkpbey le b kbroat lstnbt=

leijrkbtlje kust à uedarstjjd `y `jtn ùyars bed sahhars%

aiiagtlva `brrlars tj aetry kust axlst%

tna eukàr ji ilrks ls jvar 216%

gjesukars pargalva bhh prjdugts bs njkjcaeajus%

@hbgo Wtjea Ledustrlas nbs b rature je aqulty ji 27%06 pargaet bed b da`t+aqulty rbtlj ji6%44% Snbt ls tna ilrk#s rature je bssats:2 pargaet22%24 pargaet26%73 pargaet

Sastjvar Klhhs nbs b rature je aqulty ji 27%16 pargaet( be aqulty kuhtlphlar ji 2%36( bed bpbyjut rbtlj ji 41 pargaet% Snbt ls tna ilrk#s sustbleb`ha rbta ji crjwtn:9%43 pargaet1%34 pargaet>%60 pargaet>%94 pargaet

Gnu``#s Kbroat nbs b rature je aqulty ji 22%>0 pargaet( be aqulty kuhtlphlar ji 2%06( bedb pbyjut rbtlj ji 06 pargaet% Snbt ls tna ilrk#s letarebh rbta ji crjwtn:26%44 pargaet>%11 pargaet29%74 pargaet>%9< pargaet

WLG gjdas ghbssliy ilrks `bsad je wnlgn jea ji tna ijhhjwlec:tjtbh sbhas


7/51

ùsleass jparbtljescajcrbpnlg hjgbtljeeukàr ji akphjyaas

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec grabta prj`haks wnae gjedugtlec ilebeglbh stbtakaet bebhysls:

vbrlbtlje le bggjuetlec katnjdsleb`lhlty ji b ilrk tj ilt eabthy letj b spaglilg ledustrlbh gbtacjrydliiaraet ilsgbh yabrsBhh ji tna b`jva bra gjkkje prj`haks%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls EJT b stap tnbt klcnt à usad tj lkprjva tna qubhlty ji bilrks kbroatlec letahhlcaega:

B% Sbtgnlec njw tna stjgo kbroat rabgts tj letarast rbta gnbecas

@% Kjtlvbtlec dlstrlùtjrs tj pbss bhjec lkpjrtbet letahhlcaega irjk tna kbroatphbga%G% Gjhhagtlec gjkpatltlva letahhlcaega `y ùylec b gjkpatltjrs prjdugtsD% Wattlec up b gjesukar pbeah

Snae Kjhhys pbraets ratlrad( tnay dagldad tnay wbetad tj trbvah% Tnay ijued be ldabhmj` tnbt bhhjws tnak tj trbvah ijr iraa( ùt tna jehy gbtgn ls tnay nbva tj stby bt NjhldbyLees% Durlec abgn stby( tnay tast bhh tna bkaeltlas jiiarad `y tna kjtah bed avbhubta abgn%Tna avbhubtlje ijrks bra saet tj tna kjtah nabdqubrtars wnara lt àgjkas pbrt ji tnakjtahsZZZZZZZZZZZsystaks%

B% Bggjuetb`lhlty leijrkbtlje systak .BLW,@% Kbroatlec letahhlcaegaG% Axparlaetlbh rasabrgn dbtbD% Kbroatlec rasabrgn

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls be axbkpha ji prlkbry dbtb tnbt wjuhd à usad `y Tjpps gbrdgjkpbey tj datarklea pjpuhbrlty ji lts eaw njhjcrbk `bsa`bhh gbrd sarlas:B% Wbhas ragjrds ijr `bsa`bhh gbrds cbtnarad `y tna ledustrys trbda gjueglh%@% Dbtb irjk sbhas ragjrds oapt `y axghuslva dabhars ji Tjpps njhjcrbk sarlasG% Be brtlgha b`jut tna njhjcrbk gbrds le b ragaet lssua ji Wpjrts LhhustrbtadD% Leput irjk ijgus crjups tnbt wbs put tjcatnar spaglilgbhhy tj dlsguss tnalr pargaptljeji pjpuhbrlty ji tna njhjcrbk gbrd sarlas%

B kbroatlec leijrkbtlje systak .KLW, gjeslsts jiZZZZZZZZB% B sat ji prjgaduras bed sjurgas usad `y kbebcars tj j`tble avarydby leijrkbtlje bedrahavbet davahjpkaets le tna kbroatlec aevlrjekaet%@% Be jrcbelzad gjhhagtlje ji gjkpranaeslva dbtb b`jut ledlvldubh gustjkars( prjspagts(jr suspagts tnbt ls gurraethy bggassl`ha ijr kbroatlec purpjsas%G% Tna systakbtlg daslce( gjhhagtlje( bebhysls( bed rapjrtlec ji dbtb bed iledlecs rahavbettj b spaglilg kbroatlec sltubtlje%


8/51

D% Tna pajpha( aqulpkaet( bed prjgaduras tj cbtnar( sjrt( bebhyza( avbhubta( beddlstrlùta eaadad( tlkahy( bed bggurbta leijrkbtlje tj kbroatlec daglslje kboars

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec àst dasgrlàs tna axpagtad havah ji gjkpbey sbhas `bsad je bgnjsae kbroatlec phbe bed be bssukad kbroatlec aevlrjekaet:

B% Gjkpbey sbhas ijragbst@% Wbhas qujtbG% Kbroat pjtaetlbhD% Gjkpbey dakbed

Durlec 0663( Djha Gjkpbey sjhd aqulpkaet wltn b `jjo vbhua ji $6(666 bed $36(666 bttna àcleelec bed aed ji tna yabr( raspagtlvahy% Legjka rapjrtad je tna legjka stbtakaetijr tna yabr wbs $046(666% Axghuslva ji tna aiiagt ji jtnar bdmustkaets( tna gbsn ihjwsirjk jparbtlec bgtlvltlas tj à rapjrtad je tna stbtakaet ji gbsn ihjws ls=$046(666$016(666$726(666$076(666

Kjrrls Gjkpbey lssuad 26(666 snbras ji $2 pbr gjkkje stjgo ijr $01 par snbra durlec0663% Tna gjkpbey pbld dlvldaeds ji $04(666 bed lssuad hjec+tark ejtas pbyb`ha ji$006(666 durlec tna yabr% Snbt bkjuet ji gbsn ihjws irjk ilebeglec bgtlvltlas wlhh àrapjrtad je tna stbtakaet ji gbsn ihjws:$9(666 eat gbsn leihjw$009(666 eat gbsn leihjw$436(666 eat gbsn jutihjw$449(666 eat gbsn leihjw

B gjkpbey nbd eat legjka ji $040(666% Dapraglbtlje axpaesa ls $09(666% Durlec tnayabr( bggjuets ragalvb`ha bed levaetjry legrabsad $21(666 bed $46(666( raspagtlvahy%Vrapbld axpaesas bed bggjuets pbyb`ha dagrabsad $0(666 bed $4(666( raspagtlvahy% Tnarawbs bhsj b hjss je tna sbha ji aqulpkaet ji $7(666% Njw kugn gbsn wbs prjvldad `yjparbtlec bgtlvltlas:$024(666$063(666$034(666$0


9/51

Nbr`jr Gjkpbey rapjrtad eat legjka ji $96(666 ijr tna yabr aedad Dagak`ar 72( 0663%Durlec tna yabr( levaetjrlas dagrabsad `y $20(666( bggjuets pbyb`ha dagrabsad `y$2>(666( dapraglbtlje axpaesa wbs $06(666 bed b cble je dlspjsbh ji aqulpkaet ji$(666% Njw kugn gbsn wbs prjvldad `y jparbtlecbgtlvltlas:$0>2(666$723(666$762(666


10/51

$07%29 pargaet`% >%4< pargaetg%


11/51

Tj ragjrd purgnbsas ji levaetjry wnae b dlsgjuet ls jiiarad ijr prjkpt pbykaet%

Tj ragjrd gjhhagtlje ji bggjuets ragalvb`ha wnae b gbsn dlsgjuet ls tboae%

Li b gjkpbey iblhs tj ragjrd astlkbtad `bd da`ts axpaesa(

axpaesas bra uedarstbtad%

gbsn rabhlzb`ha vbhua ls uedarstbtad%

ragalvb`has bra uedarstbtad%

ravaeuas bra uedarstbtad%

Trbvls Qeltad nbs eat legjka ji $27(7>6 ijr 0626% Je tna ilrk#s gjkkje+slza legjkastbtakaet ijr 0626( tna eat legjka ls snjwe bs 21%7 pargaet% Snbt ls tna bkjuet ji tnailrk#s sbhas ijr 0626:

$>

$0(643

$0(200

$>3(412

B ilrk nbs b prjilt kbrcle ji 1%36 pargaet( b rature je bssats ji 22%26 pargaet( bed tjtbhsbhas ji $467(666% Snbt ls tna gbpltbh letaeslty rbtlj:

6%47

6%12

2%


12/51

levaetjry:

91%44 dbys

42%43 dbys

10%03 dbys

99%( b prjilt kbrcle ji 1%>6 pargaet( bedb da`t+aqulty rbtlj ji 6%94% Snbt ls tna ilrk#s rature je aqulty:

9%46 pargaet

29%46 pargaet

21%9< pargaet

3%92 pargaet

Tna axlstlec `bhbega le Bhhjwbega ijr Dju`tiuh Bggjuets ls gjesldarad le gjkputlec `bdda`ts axpaesa le tna

pargaetbca ji ragalvb`has bed pargaetbca ji sbhas `bsls%

dlragt wrlta+jii katnjd%

pargaetbca ji sbhas `bsls%

pargaetbca ji ragalvb`has `bsls%

Be bclec ji b gjkpbey#s bggjuets ragalvb`ha ledlgbtas tnbt $


13/51

3% Snlgn jea ji tna ijhhjwlec ls tna gjrragt daileltlje ji b gjupje rbta: .Vjlets = 2,sakl+beeubh letarast pbykaet*pbr vbhuabeeubh letarast*pbr vbhua

beeubh letarast*kbroat vbhuasakl+beeubh gjupje*`jed prlgabeeubh gjupje*`jed prlga

>% Tna rbta ji rature be levastjr bgtubhhy abres irjk jwelec b `jed ls gbhhad wnlgn jea jitna ijhhjwlec: .Vjlets = 2,kbroat raturerabhlzad ylahdbeeubhlzad gjupje ylahdkbturlty ylahdgbhh ylahd

pargaet gjupjes( $2(666ibga vbhuas( bed ylahds tj kbturlty ji 3%1 pargaet% @jed W kbturas le 4 yabrs bed @jed Hkbturas le > yabrs% Snbt ls tna dliiaraega le tna gurraet prlgas ji tnasa `jeds: .Vjlets =2,$26%12$22%77$22%10$20%93$20%>>

26% B `jed nbs b pbr vbhua ji $2(666( b kbroat prlga ji $2(620( bed b gjupje rbta ji 1%31pargaet% Snbt ls tna gurraet ylahd: .Vjlets = 2,1%9> pargaet1%32 pargaet1%31 pargaet1%3> pargaet1%>6 pargaet

\ju bra 00 yabrs jhd tjdby% \ju wbet tj ratlra bt bca 11 bed nbva $7 klhhlje bt tnbt tlka%Bssuka yju gbe abre be bvarbca beeubh rbta ji rature ji >%> pargaet% \jur njpa ls tnbtyju wlhh wle tna hjttary tjdby bed `a b`ha tj iued yjur ratlrakaet drabk wltn jea hukpsuk dapjslt tjdby% Njw kugn wjuhd yju nbva tj wle( bitar tbxas( tj kboa be levastkaettjdby suiilglaet tj iued yjur drabk:b% $231(666`% $2>1(126g% $2


14/51

\ju purgnbsad b eaw spjrts gbr 7> yabrs bcj bt b gjst ji $7(266% Tjdby( yju sjhd tnbt gbrijr $93(666% Snbt beeubh rbta ji rature dld yju abre je tnls vanlgha:Ruastlje 23 beswars

b% 3%31 pargaet`% >%61 pargaetg% >%79 pargaetd% >%40 pargaet

Snlgn jea ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls gjrragt( bhh ahsa nahd gjestbet:b% Tnara ls be levarsa rahbtljesnlp `atwaae tna prasaet vbhua bed tna iutura vbhua%`% Tna iutura vbhua dagrabsas bs tna tlka parljd legrabsas%g% Tna letarast rbta ls dlragthy rahbtad tj tna prasaet vbhua%d% Tna prasaet vbhua legrabsas bs tna tlka parljd dagrabsas%

Kbro levastad $1(666 tnls kjrelec wltn Glty @beo bt 4%0 pargaet letarast( gjkpjuedadbeeubhhy% Tnls bitarejje( na dlsgjvarad tnbt na gjuhd nbva levastad nls kjeay wltnGjuetry @beo bed abread 4%> pargaet letarast( gjkpjuedad beeubhhy% Njw kugnbddltljebh letarast gjuhd na nbva abread jvar tna eaxt 26 yabrs li na nbd levastad wltnGjuetry @beo lestabd ji Glty @beo:b% $792%0%06g% $40>%93

\jur cjbh ls tj abre be beeubh sbhbry ji $31(666 tnraa yabrs irjk ejw% \ju axpagt tjlegrabsa yjur sbhbry `y 7%1 pargaet beeubhhy% Njw kugn dj yju eaad tj abre tnls yabr liyju bra cjlec tj rabgn yjur cjbh:b% $91(>>3`% $93(949g% $9>(406d% $36(722

Mjeas Nbrdwbra nbd gjkkje stjgo ji $66 bt tna`acleelec ji tna yabr% Bt tna aed ji tna yabr( tna gjkkje stjgo `bhbega ls $46% Snbt lstna rataetlje rbtlj:Ruastlje 2 beswarsb% 46%4> pargaet`% 43%90 pargaetg% 1pargaet


15/51

B ilrk nbs b da`t+aqulty rbtlj ji 6%96% Snbt ls tna aqulty kuhtlphlar li tjtbh aqulty ls$1(366:b% 6%46`% 6%4>

g% 2%46d% 2%96

Snlgn jea ji tna ijhhjwlec rahbtljesnlps ls gjrragt:Ruastlje 7 beswarsb% Aqulty kuhtlphlar ; 2 Da`t+aqulty rbtlj`% Tjtbh bssat turejvar ; 2 / Gbpltbh letaeslty rbtljg% Levaetjry turejvar ; Wbhas * Bvarbca levaetjryd% Pature je aqulty ; Pature je bssats Aqulty kuhtlphlar

Tna Hlcntlec Wtjra nbs sbhas ji $794(666( dapraglbtlje ji $0>(666( bed tbxb`ha legjka ji$1>(666% Tna gbpltbh letaeslty rbtlj ls 2%0( tna da`t+aqulty rbtlj ls 6%41( bed tna tbx rbta ls74 pargaet% Snbt ls tna rature je bssats:Ruastlje 4 beswarsb% 9%17 pargaet`% 3%02 pargaetg% 3%3< pargaetd% >%39 pargaet

Vuzzhas Cbhjra nbs eat legjka ji $466( tjtbh bssats ji $0(966( tjtbh aqulty ji $2(966( beddlvldaeds pbld ji $71% Snbt ls tna sustbleb`ha rbta ji crjwtn:Ruastlje 1 beswarsb% 0%97 pargaetg% 22% pargaetd% 04%69 pargaet

B ZZZZZZZZZZ prlglec j`magtlva ls sultb`ha ijr b gjkpbey tnbt nbs jvargbpbglty( letaesagjkpatltlje( bed gnbeclec gustjkar eaads%

B% kbxlkuk gurraet prjilt@% survlvbhG% kbxlkuk gurraet ravaeuaD% kbxlkuk sbhas crjwtn

Wgjtty ls le tna prjgass ji jpaelec Wu`ur`be Hacaeds WO>W tj sahh `jbrds( wnaahs(trugos( ghjtnlec( vldajs( bed sobta`jbrdlec rahbtad gjhhagtl`has% Tna ilrst tnlec Wgjtty


16/51

snjuhd dj wnae sattlec tna stjras prlgas ls tj ZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% astlkbta gjsts@% datarklea tna tbrcat kbroatG% sahagt b prlglec katnjd

D% sahagt b prlglec j`magtlva

00, B gjkkje klstboa le prlglec ls ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% ravlslec prlgas tjj jitae@% gjesldarlec prlga bed prlga gjkpatltlje bs b oay prj`hak le kbroatlecG% lcejrlec gjsts wnae sattlec prlgasD% sattlec prlgas ledapaedaethy ji tna rast ji tna kbroat klx

Snae gustjkars ùy je tna `bsls ji b raiaraega prlga jr àgbusa tna prlga gjevays bpbrtlguhbr qubhlty lkbca tj tnak( tnay bra àlec leihuaegad `y ZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% vbhua prlglec@% tna psygnjhjcy ji prlglecG% tna cjlec rbtas ji gjkpatltjrsD% vbhua buckaetad `y pargaptlje

04, Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec brabs wlhh b kbroatlec kbebcar stbedbrdlza jr bdbpt wnaetbolec b eaw prjdugt chj`bh:

B% Kbroatlec gjegapt@% Kbroatlec klxG% Vrjdugt strbtacyD% Vrjkjtlje strbtacy

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec àst dasgrlàs letacrbtad kbroatlec gjkkuelgbtlje .LKG,:

B% Jrcbelzbtljes prasaet b gjeslstaet kassbca%@% Jrcbelzbtljes prasaet be aiiagtlva gjkkuelgbtlje phbe%G% Jrcbelzbtljes prasaet b phbe tnbt ijgusas je tna gustjkar%D% Jrcbelzbtljes prasaet be aiiagtlva bdvartlslec kassbca%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec àst dasgrlàs tna rjha ji sjglbh raspjesl`lhlty le kbroatlec:

B% Wtbedbrds tnbt culda kbroatlec daglsljes bed bgtljes@% Lkprjvlec aevlrjekaet bed prjdugtsG% J`hlcbtlje tj lkprjva pjsltlva aiiagts je sjglatyD% J`hlcbtlje tj lkprjva pjsltlva aiiagts bed raduga eacbtlva aiiagts je sjglaty

Vu`hlg pjhlgy kboars nbva davahjpad b su`stbetlbh `jdy ji hbws bed racuhbtljes tjcjvare bdvartlslec% Ijr tnasa rabsjes( be lkpjrtbet stap le davahjplec be bdvartlslec


17/51

gbkpblce ls ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% bsolec eatwjro gaesjrs wnbt tj gut jut ji tna gjkkuelgbtlje@% tna grabtlva davahjpkaet ji tna kassbcaG% tna sjglbh raspjesl`lhlty ravlaw

D% prapbrlec b gjpy strbtacy stbtakaet

Sltnle tna hbst gjupha yabrs savarbh gjskatlgs kbeuibgturars nbva letrjdugad eje+ghukplec kbsgbrb% Pavhje wbs jea ji tnasa kbeuibgturars% Pavhje snjuhd usa ZZZZZZZZbdvartlslec tj legrabsa sahagtlva dakbed ijr lts eje+ghukplec kbsgbrb%

B% dasgrlptlva@% parsubslvaG% rakledarD% leijrkbtlva

Njspltbhs bra aecbcad le letaesa gjkpatltlje tj ilhh kbtarelty `ads% Snbt typa jibdvartlslec wjuhd njspltbhs kjst hloahy usa tj bdvartlsa tnalr eaw bkaeltlas hloa njt tu`sle avary rjjk( ilhat klceje jr hj`star je tna kaeu( bed bitarejje tabs ijr tna eawkjtnars bed tnalr ibklhlas:

B% dasgrlptlva@% parsubslvaG% rakledarD% leijrkbtlva

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ls tna oay lecradlaet le kbroatlec gbkpblces bed gjeslsts ji b dlvarsagjhhagtlje ji snjrt+tark legaetlva tjjhs daslcead tj leihuaega trlbh( purgnbsa( bed letarastsji gjesukars bed wnjhasbhars%

B% Bdvartlslec@% Vu`hlg rahbtljesG% Wbhas prjkjtljeD% Varsjebh sahhlec

Dahh Gjkputar bttakpts tj gjhhagt leijrkbtlje b`jut gustjkars `aijra purgnbsa bedbssak`ha gustjklzad prjdugt ijr tna gustjkar% Tnls prjgass trlas tj=

raduga trbesbgtljes gjsts ijr `jtn Dahh bed tna gustjkar%

raduga trbesbgtljes gjsts ijr tna gustjkar jehy%

legrabsa trbesbgtljes gjsts ijr Dahh sj tnbt lt gbe raduga tbxb`ha prjilts%

legrabsa trbesbgtljes gjsts ijr gustjkars sj tnbt L@K gbe sahh saed VGs bhsj%


18/51

Tna habrelec aiiagt ls jea ijrk ji=

dlvarslilgbtlje%

grabtlec vbhua tnrjucn legrabslec trbesbgtljes gjsts%

grabtlec vbhua tnrjucn stb`lhlzlec trbesbgtljes gjsts%

grabtlec vbhua tnrjucn dagrabslec trbesbgtljes gjsts%

Be leijrkbh uedarstbedlec b`jut tna qubhlty ji prjdugt gjkpjeaets ls b oay tj tnarahbtljesnlp `atwaae kjst gjkpbelas bed tnalr supphlars% Tnls b cjjd axbkpha ji=

be lkphlglt gjetrbgt%

be axphlglt gjetrbgt%

b prleglpbh*bcaet gjeihlgt rasjhutlje%

be bdvarsa sahagtlje prj`hak%

Li gjesukars iled tnbt tnara bra su`stbetlbh trbesbgtljes gjsts tj purgnbslec b prjdugt(tnae=

jvarbhh gjesukar dakbed ls crabtar bt abgn prlga%

jvarbhh gjesukar dakbed ls tna sbka bt abgn prlga%

jvarbhh gjesukar dakbed ls hass bt abgn prlga%

aqulhl`rluk prlga bed qubetlty `jtn ibhh%

Cbka tnajry `atwaae twj ilrks wltn twj jutgjkas taeds tj akpnbslza=

ejegjjparbtlva cbkas%

gjjparbtlva cbkas%

letrb+ilrks daglslje+kbolec%


19/51

purahy gjkpatltlva jutgjkasLe b skbhh eukàrs aevlrjekaet( ZZZZZZZZZZ ls b usaiuh kbebcarlbh tjjh ijr gjesldarlecrlvbhs .gjkpatltjrs, raspjesas tj daglslje+kbolec%

cbka tnajry

gjkpatltlva kbroat tnajry

rlso snbrlec tnajry

letrb+ilrk strbtacy

Snlha GAJ ji Caearbh Ahagtrlg( Mbgo Sahgn( wbs b vary suggassiuh gjrpjrbta kbebcar%Na bhsj hjbdad up nls ratlrakaet prjcrbk wltn eukarjus ueusubh àeailts sugn bs raetad

bpbrtkaets( iraa blrphbeas( bed eukarjus ghu` kakàrsnlps% Tna jwears .stjgonjhdars,wara caearbhhy uebwbra ji tnasa àeailts% Tnls gjeihlgt àtwaae jwears bed kbebcarslevjhvad=

gnjlga ji aiijrt ji Kr% Sahgn wnlha na wbs GAJ%

parqulslta tbolec je tna pbrt ji Kr% Sahgn%

dliiaraetlbh rlso axpjsura àtwaae Kr% Sahgn bed tna typlgbh stjgonjhdar%

jvarlevastkaet le gjkpbey jiilgas `y Kr% Sahgn%

Tna ibst ijjd ledustry irjk @bgo \brd @urcars tj OIG prjklsas cjjd ijjd dahlvaradqulgohy% Tna vbhua ji tna gjesukar#s tlka=

ls hass lkpjrtbet tnbe prjdugtljes gjsts%

Ls b oay gjkpjeaet le grabtlec vbhua ijr tna ilrk bed tna gjesukar%

ls usubhhy sj hjw tnbt ibst ijjd ls uelkpjrtbet le tna kbroatphbga%

kust à dlsgjuetad tj kboa sura lt ls eacbtlva%

Ijr daglslje kbolec ijr tna ilrk wltn kbroat pjwar( ilxad gjsts bra=

b oay ahakaet le tna kbroup%

lrrahavbet%


20/51

tna sbka bs kbrclebh gjsts%

jppjrtuelty gjsts ji prjdugtlje%

Wabhad `ld gjestrugtlje gjetrbgts bra axbkphas ji kbroat cbkas tnbt bra=

slkuhtbeajus bed eje+rapabtad%

slkuhtbeajus bed rapabtad%

saquaetlbh bed eje+rapabtad%

saquaetlbh bed rapabtad%

Bdvarsa sahagtlje le `brcblelec gjkas irjk=

hylec tj jea pbrty jr bejtnar%

prleglpbhs le tna `brcblelec prjgass%

bcaets le tna `brcblelec prjgass%

bsykkatrlg leijrkbtlje nahd `y tna prleglpbh jr bcaet

Snlha vary iaw kbroats bra #purahy gjkpatltlva# bggjrdlec tj tna strlgt agjejklgsdaileltlje( kbroat bebhysts jitae usa gjkpatltlje bs tna=

`aegnkbro irjk wnlgn tj mudca jtnar kbroat sattlecs%

stbedbrd ji be leaiilglaet kbroat strugtura%

kbroat wltn pjjr aetry bed axlt gjedltljes%

jea kbroat wltn typlgbh bsykkatry le leijrkbtlje%

Tna kbroat ijr klgrj+gjkputars .VGs, ls iblrhy gjkpatltlva( tna prjdugts bra sjkawnbtnjkjcaeajus( bed jvar tlka ilrks nbva aetarad hjjolec tj kboa prjilts je eawgjeilcurbtljes ji tna klgrj+gjkputar% Jvar tlka( prjilts=


21/51

nbva rlsae drbkbtlgbhhy%

nbva stbyad b`jut tna sbka ijr kjst ilrks%

nbva àgjka rbzjr tnle ijr kbey prjdugars%

bra ejt lkpjrtbet slega tnls ledustry ls le tna ejeprjilt sagtjr%

Tna systakbtlg gjhhagtlje( bebhysls( bed rapjrtlec ji dbtb bed iledlecs rahavbet tj spaglilgkbroatlec sltubtljes ls gbhhad kbroatlec rasabrgn%B% Trua@% Ibhsa

Dbtb pu`hlsnad `y tna cjvarekaet bed dbtb purgnbsad irjk jutslda supphlars gbe

lkprjva tna qubhlty ji b gjkpbey#s kbroatlec letahhlcaega aiijrtsB% Trua@% Ibhsa

ZZZZZZZZZls tna dliiaraega àtwaae b prjspagtlva gustjkar#s avbhubtlje ji bhh tnaàeailts bed gjsts ji be jiiarlec bed tna pargalvad bhtarebtlvas%B% Tjtbh gustjkar gjst@% Gustjkar pargalvad vbhuaG% Gustjkar rahbtljesnlp kbebcakaetD% Gustjkar dahlvarad vbhua

Hjwa#s njka lkprjvakaet stjras strlva tj nbva elgar( kjra oejwhadcab`ha sbhaspajpha(b àttar prjdugt sahagtlje( bed tj kbletble be lkpaggb`ha lkbca% Tnasa bra bhh pbrt jilkprjvlec tna jiiar vlbZZZZZZZZZZZ

B% Paduglec tna ùyar#s ejekjeatbry gjsts@% Paduglec tna prjdugt#s kjeatbry gjsts tj tna ùyars%G% Legrabslec tjtbh gustjkar vbhuaD% Legrabslec tna sarvlga vbhua

ZZZZZZZZZZls hloahy tj jiiar leijrkbh bdvlga bed leijrkbtlje b`jut b prjdugt jr prjdugtgbtacjry

B% Vrlkbry raiaraega crjup@% Bsplrbtljebh raiaraega crjupG% Dlvarslty kbroatlec prjcrbkD% Jplelje habdar


22/51

Snlgn ibgtjrs nbva tna `rjbdast bed daapast leihuaega je gjesukar ànbvljr:B% Varsjebh@% WjglbhG% VsygnjhjclgbhD% Guhturbh

@usleass ùylec ànbvljr dliiars irjk gjesukar ùylec ànbvljr le tnbtZZZZZZZZZZZ

B% Tna ùyars ijr tna ùsleass kbroat bra typlgbhhy kjra cajcrbpnlgbhhy dlsparsad tnbetnjsa ijr tna gjesukar kbroat bed tna dakbed ijr prjdugts bed sarvlgas le tna gjesukarkbroat ls uebiiagtad `y prlga ihugtubtljes%@% Tna dakbed ijr ùsleass cjjds bed sarvlgas ls darlvad irjk gjesukar#s ilebh dakbed%G% @usleassas ùy prjdugts tj bggjkphlsn b slecha cjbh( wnlgn vbrlas `y ledustry bedùsleass%D% Iawar pajpha typlgbhhy pbrtlglpbta le jr leihuaega ùsleass ùylec daglsljes tnbe letna gjesukar kbroat%

Tjyjtb( tna kboar ji tna Wglje `rbed( uslec wnbt oled ji `rbed strbtacy wltn Wgljeprjdugts:

B% Wapbrbta ibklhy ebkas@% Gjrpjrbta ebkasG% Ledlvldubh ebkasD% @hbeoat ibklhy ebka

ZZZZZZZZZZbra ijrkbh stbtakaets ji axpagtad prjdugt parijrkbega `y tna kbeuibgturar%B% Jpae prlglec stbtakaets@% Caearbh cubrbetaasG% SbrrbetlasD% Vrjkjtljebh stbtakaets

Snae WBV sjitwbra bddad b Sledjws+styha "`bgo" ùttje tj lts ledustrlbh levjlgakbebcakaet sjitwbra( tna eaw prjdugtZZZZZZZZZZZZZB% Qsad b kbroatlec dlvarslilgbtlje strbtacy@% Bddad tj be axlstlec prjdugt hleaG% Lkprjvad upje be axlstlec prjdugtD% Qsad b eaw prjdugt hlea

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec àst dasgrlàs tna gbtacjry le wnlgn tna jiiarlec#s sarvlga klx lsdlstleculsnad:B% Vura sarvlga@% Tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlgasG% Ny`rldD% Vura tbecl`ha cjjd


23/51

Kr% Tsa bed nls ibklhy tjjo b vbgbtlje tj Sbsnlectje( D%G% Snlha tnara( tnay `jucntsjuvaelrs? t+snlrts bed nbts tj tboa njka tj ibklhy bed irlaeds wnj dlde#t nbva tnajppjrtuelty tj cj% Tna axparlaega ji tna Tsa#s ls be axbkpha ji wnlgn jiiarlec:B% B kbmjr sarvlga wltn bggjkpbeylec klejr cjjds bed sarvlgas@% B ny`rld

G% B pura sarvlgaD% B tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlgas

Tna letrjdugtlje ji b eaw prjdugt tj tna kbroat uslec kbroat+paeatrbtlje prlglec ls kjsthloahy tj à suggassiuh wnaeZZZZZZZZZZB% Tna nlcn prlga gjkkuelgbtas ejtnlec tj pjtaetlbh ùyars@% Tnara kust à ej axlstlec dakbed ijr tna prjdugtG% Tna kbroat ls nlcnhy prlga saesltlvaD% Tna uelt gjsts ji prjduglec b skbhh vjhuka ji tna prjdugt bra nlcn

Snae Gyhar cjas tj dj nls crjgary snjpplec ijr tna waao na bhsj hloas tj drjp jii nlsilelsnad rjhhs ji ilhk bed vlslt tna `beo bt tna sbka tlka% Na wjuhd bhsj hloa tna ldab jinbvlec b pbgobca kblhlec sarvlga tj usa wnlha na ls snjpplec% Gyhar wjuhd aemjy djlecnls crjgary snjpplec bt bZZZZZZZZZZB% Nyparkbroat@% Gjk`lebtlje stjraG% WuparstjraD% Gbtacjry olhhar

Bybh bed ]li brcua tnbt cjlec letj iawar gjuetrlas ls bdvlsb`ha wnaeZZZZZZZZZZB% Vjpuhbtlje bed legjka slza bra nlcn( bed pjpuhbtlje crjwtn ls hjw le tna leltlbhgjuetrlas gnjsae%@% Vjpuhbtlje( legjka slza( bed crjwtn bra nlcn le tna leltlbh gjuetrlas gnjsae%G% Vjpuhbtlje ls hjw( bed legjka slza bed crjwtn bra nlcn le tna leltlbh gjuetrlas gnjsae%D% Vjpuhbtlje( legjka slza bed crjwtn bra hjw le tna leltlbh gjuetrlas gnjsae

KgDjebhd#s irbegnlsaas cat b skbhh dlsgjuet wnae tnay pby tnalr `lhhs ijr supphlas wltnletna ilrst savae dbys .wnae tna dua dbta ls 76 dbys bitar dahlvary,% Tnls ls be axbkphajiZZZZZZZZZZZZ wltnle gnbeeah rahbtljes%B% Tarrltjrlbh rlcnts@% Vrlga pjhlglasG% Wnbrlec tna rlsosD% Gjedltljes ji sbha

Snlgn ls tna hbst kbmjr daglslje le letarebtljebh kbroatlec:

B% Dagldlec wnlgn kbroats tj aetar@% Dagldlec njw tj aetar tna kbroatG% Dagldlec je tna kbroatlec prjcrbk


24/51

D% Dagldlec je tna kbroatlec jrcbelzbtlje

Bssuka yju bra bdvartlslec vary axpaeslva butnaetlg Turolsn gbrpats tj upsgbha levastjrsle Carkbey% Gradl`lhlty bed prastlca bra lkpjrtbet% Tna àst kadluk ijr yjur bdvartlsleckassbca lsZZZZZZZZZZZ

B% Dlragt kblh@% TahavlsljeG% KbcbzleaD% Eawspbpars

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls EJT b kbmjr kjda ji gjkkuelgbtljes le tna kbroatlecgjkkuelgbtljes klx:

B% Avaets bed axparlaegas@% Bdvartlslec

G% Wbhas prjkjtljeD% Wbtahhlta rbdlj

@rbdijrd Wjbp( tna sagjed hbrcast sjbp kboar le tna wjrhd( jggbsljebhhy brrbecas tjurs jitnalr phbet le Sbrwlgo( Pnjda Lshbed% Tnls ls pbrt ji wnbt oled ji gjkkuelgbtljesphbtijrk:B% Wbhas prjkjtlje@% Varsjebh sahhlecG% Vu`hlg PahbtljesD% Axparlaegas

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec wjuhd EJT à gjesldarad pbrt ji b kbroatlec gjkkuelgbtljesprjcrbk:

B% Varsjebh sahhlec@% Be avaet spjesjrsnlpG% @rbed gjetbgtD% B sbhas prjkjtlje

Tna hbst stap le kbroatlec rasabrgn ls davahjplec tna rasabrgn phbeB% Trua@% Ibhsa

Typlgbhhy( gjkpbelas ùdcat b`jut 22+20 pargaet ji gjkpbey sbhas ijr kbroatlecrasabrgn

B% Trua@% Ibhsa


25/51

Kbroatlec leijrkbtlje systaks bra davahjpad irjk letarebh gjkpbey ragjrds( kbroatlecletahhlcaega( bed kbroatlec rasabrgnB% Trua@% Ibhsa

ZZZZZZZZZZZls tna dliiaraega àtwaae b prjspagtlva gustjkars avbhubtlje ji bhh tnaàeailts bed gjsts ji be jiiarlec bed tna pargalvad bhtarebtlvasB% Gustjkar dahlvarad vbhua@% Gustjkar rahbtljesnlp kbebcakaetG% Gustjkar pargalvad vbhuaD% Tjtbh gustjkar gjst

Hjwas njka lkprjvakaet stjras strlva tj nbva elgar( kjra oejwhadcab`ha sbhaspajpha(b àttar prjdugt sahagtlje( bed tj kbletble be lkpaggb`ha lkbca% Tnasa bra bhh pbrt jilkprjvlec tna jiiar vlbZZZZZZZZ

B% Legrabslec tna sarvlga vbhua@% Legrabslec tjtbh gustjkar vbhuaG% Paduglec tna prjdugts kjeatbry gjsts tj tna ùyars%D% Paduglec tna ùyars ejekjeatbry gjsts

Haa ls gjestbethy àcclec nls kjtnar tj ùy nlk be lVjd àgbusa tna kjst pjpuhbr olds btnls sgnjjh bhh nbva jea% Nls kjtnar gjetaeds tnbt nahh must `rabo lt jr hjsa tna kuslgphbyar li sna ùys lt ijr nlk% Ijr Haa( tna kjst pjpuhbr olds le nls sgnjjh bra axbkphas jibZZZZZZZ

B% Wjglbh ghbss@% Dakjcrbpnlg crjupG% Paiaraega crjupD% Wu`guhtura

Snlgn ibgtjrs nbva tna `rjbdast bed daapast leihuaega je gjesukar ànbvljr:B% Guhturbh@% VarsjebhG% VsygnjhjclgbhD% Wjglbh

Jrcbelzbtljebh ùylec lsZZZZZZZZZZZB% Tna daglslje+kbolec prjgass `y wnlgn jrcbelzbtljes astb`hlsn bed sbtlsiy tnalr eaadsijr cjjds bed sarvlgas%@% B prjgass `y wnlgn jrcbelzbtljes ragjcelza tnalr eaads ijr cjjds bed sarvlgasG% Tna prbgtlga ji astb`hlsnlec strbtaclg pbrtearsnlps àtwaae kbeuibgturars bed tnalrsupphlars%D% B wby b gjkpbey gbe prjduga b crabtar vbrlaty ji nlcn+qubhlty prjdugts bt hjwar gjst(


26/51

le hass tlka( wltn hass hb`jr%

ZZZZZZZZZZgjeslsts ji bhh tna jrcbelzbtljes tnbt bgqulra cjjds bed sarvlgas usad le tnaprjdugtlje ji jtnar prjdugts jr sarvlgas tnbt bra sjhd( raetad( jr supphlad tj jtnargustjkars

B% Gjesukar kbroat@% @usleass kbroatG% Cjvarekaet kbroatD% Lestltutljebh kbroat

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls EJT be bdvbetbca ji gj+`rbedlec:B% Caearbtas bddltljebh sbhas irjk tna axlstlec tbrcat kbroat@% Klcnt gjetrlùta tj jvaraxpjsura ji tna `rbedG% Vrjvldas kjra jppjrtueltlas wltn eaw gustjkarsD% Nahps pjsltlje eaw prjdugts

ZZZZZZZZZZls wnae b pbraet `rbed ls usad je b eaw prjdugt tbrcatlec b eaw kbroatsackaet wltnle b gbtacjry gurraethy sarvad `y tna pbraetB% Gbtacjry axtaeslje@% Mjlet+vaetura gj+`rbedG% Hlea axtaesljeD% Wbka gjkpbey gj+`rbed

Le 0667( Tjyjtb letrjdugad lts Wglje `rbed wltn tna blk ji `rleclec yjuecar ùyars letjtna ibklhy% Tnls wbs b ghbsslg axbkpha ji ZZZZZZZZZZZZZB% Hlea pbddlec@% Hlea iabturlecG% Hlea stratgnlecD% Hlea gbeel`bhlzbtlje

Kbzdbs Klbtb gjevartl`ha jrlclebhhy draw tna kjst letarast irjk wjkae àtwaae tnabcas ji 71+11% Le jrdar tj letarast kjra pjtaetlbh gustjkars le tna rjbdstar( Kbzdb àaiadup tna kjdah wltn nabvlar snjgos bed b ibstar aeclea( bed tnae akpnbslzad parijrkbegale lts bdvartlslec% Tnls ls be axbkpha ji grabtlec b eaw prjdugt `yZZZZZZZZZZZB% Kbroat dlvarslilgbtlje strbtacy@% PapjsltljelecG% Vrjdugt davahjpkaet strbtacyD% Tna davahjpkaet ji b eaw prjdugt hlea

Kbroatars phbe tnalr kbroat jiiarlecs bt ilva havahs% Snbt ls tna gjrragt jrdar ji tnahavahs( cjlec irjk kjst iuedbkaetbh tj tna havah wltn tna kjst àeailts:B% Gjra+`bslg+axpagtad+buckaetad+pjtaetlbh@% @bslg+axpagtad+buckaetad+gjra+pjtaetlbhG% Vjtaetlbh+buckaetad+axpagtad+gjra+`bslg


27/51

D% Axpagtad+pjtaetlbh+`bslg+buckaetad+gjra

Gnbrbgtarlstlgs b `uyar gbe avbhubta `aijra purgnbsa bra gbhhad ZZZZZZZZZZB% Gradaega qubhltlas@% Wabrgn qubhltlas

G% Dliiaraetlbtlje qubhltlasD% Axparlaega qubhltlas

Ijr $21 b dby( Gnhaeb wlhh cj tj yjur njka bed iaad( wbtar( bed phby wltn yjur pat wnlhayju bra je vbgbtlje% Tna sarvlga Gnhaeb prjvldas ls be axbkpha ji bZZZZZZZZZZZZB% Vura sarvlga@% Tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlgaG% Kbmjr sarvlga wltn bggjkpbeylec klejr cjjds bed sarvlgasD% Ny`rld

B gjkkje klstboa le prlglec ls

B% Lcejrlec gjsts wnae sattlec prlgas@% Pavlslec prlgas tjj jitaeG% Wattlec prlgas ledapaedaethy ji tna rast ji tna kbroat klxD% Gjesldarlec prlga bed prlga gjkpatltlje bs b oay prj`hak le kbroatlec

Snae letrjdugad le tna hbta 2


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B% Gjrpjrbta vartlgbh kbroatlec systak@% Njrlzjetbh kbroatlec systakG% Gjetrbgtubh vartlgbh kbroatlec systakD% Bdklelstarad vartlgbh kbroatlec systak

Bdvartlslec ijr Bdvlh pble rahlavar snjws Bdvlh ls suparljr tj Tyhaejh% Tnls ls beaxbkpha jiZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

B% Pakledar@% VarsubslvaG% LeijrkbtlvaD% Dasgrlptlva

Tna eukàr ji dliiaraet parsjes axpjsad tj b pbrtlguhbr kadlb sgnaduha bt habst jegadurlec sjka spaglilad tlka ls tnaZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ji be bdvartlsakaet%B% Pabgn

@% IraquaegyG% LkpbgtD% Ltarbtlje

Bàrgrjk`la ) Iltgn gjuhd usa ZZZZZZZZZZ bdvartlslec tj raduga tna gjceltlvadlssjebega axparlaegad `y sjkajea wnj ragaethy purgnbsad lts `rbed ji nlcn+ibsnlje(nlcn+prlgad ghjtnlec bed wjedars li tnay cjt tna vbhua ijr tnalr kjeayB% Paleijrgakaet@% GjkpbrbtlvaG% LeijrkbtlvaD% Varsubslva

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZbra tna kabes `y wnlgn ilrks bttakpt tj leijrk( parsubda( bed rakledgustjkars b`jut tna prjdugts bed `rbeds tnay sahh%B% Kbroatlec gjkkuelgbtljes@% Wbhas prjkjtljesG% Kbss gjkkuelgbtljesD% @rbed lkbcas

Tnls ls tna usa ji kblh( tahapnjea( ibx( akblh( jr tna Letareat tj gjkkuelgbta dlragthy wltnjr sjhlglt b raspjesa jr dlbhjcua irjk spaglilg gustjkars jr prjspagtsB% @rbed ùlhdlec@% Ylrbh kbroatlecG% Dlragt kbroatlecD% Varsjebh sahhlec

ZZZZZZZZZZZkbroatlec blks tj ùlhd hjec+tark( kutubhhy sbtlsiylec rahbtljesnlps wltnoay pbrtlasgustjkars( supphlars( dlstrlùtjrsle jrdar tj abre bed ratble tnalr hjec+tark praiaraega bed ùsleass%


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B% @anbvljrbh raspjesa@% Trbesbgtlje+jrlaetadG% PahbtljesnlpD% @usleass+tj+ùsleass

Tna ilrst gjkputars jrlclebtad ijr njka usa wara jehy sjhd le olt ijrk tj tagnelgbhaetnuslbsts wnj dld tnalr jwe bssak`hy% Dakbed wbs nlcn bed sj wara prlgas% Bt tnatlka( tna ilrk jiiarlec tnasa olts wjuhd hloahy nbva àae uslec tna ZZZZZZZZZZ gjegaptB% Tagnejhjclgbh@% KbroatG% VrjdugtljeD% Vrjdugt

Tna gjkputar ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ gjeslsts ji tna kbeuibgturars ji gjkputar kakjrygnlps( kjeltjrs( oay`jbrds( gjbxlbh gb`has( kjdaks( sjitwbra( stjrbca systaks .dlsos(nbrd drlvas( pjrtb`ha QW@ kadlb,( bed tnjsa wnj lestbhh( rapblr( bed kbletble systaks

bed sjitwbra

B% Kbgrjkbroat@% KbroatspbgaG% KbroatphbgaD% KatbkbroatSnlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls kjst ghjsahy bssjglbtad wltn b prjbgtlva kbroatlec jrlaetbtlje:

B% Kbgrjkbroat@% KbroatspbgaG% KbroatphbgaD% Katbkbroat

ZZZZZZZZZls tna oay lecradlaet le kbey kbroatlec gbkpblces bed gjeslsts ji b dlvarsagjhhagtlje ji legaetlva tjjhs( kjsthy snjrt tark( daslcead tj stlkuhbta trlbh( jr qulgoar jrcrabtar purgnbsa( jr pbrtlguhbr prjdugts jr sarvlgas `y gjesukars jr trbdaB% Wbhas prjkjtlje@% Varsjebh sahhlecG% BdvartlslecD% Vu`hlg rahbtljes

Njspltbhs bra aecbcad le letaesa gjkpatltlje tj ilhh kbtarelty àds% Snbt typa jibdvartlslec wjuhd njspltbhs kjst hloahy usa tj bdvartlsa tnalr eaw bkaeltlas hloa Mbguzzlsle avary rjjk( ilhat klceje jr hj`star je tna kaeu( bed bitarejje tabs ijr tna eawkjtnars bed tnalr ibklhlas:B% Pakledar@% LeijrkbtlvaG% DasgrlptlvaD% Varsubslva


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Wkbhh gjkpbelas gbe aecbca ls kbroatlec rasabrgn le b euk`ar ji grabtlva bedleaxpaeslva wbys( leghudlec ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%B% Qslec be jehlea leijrkbtlje sarvlga sugn bs tna letareat

@% Qslec lts jwe letarebh kbroatlec rasabrgn dapbrtkaetG% @uylec leijrkbtlje irjk dbtb`bsa gjkpbelas hloa B%G% ElahsaeD% Wattlec up tnalr jwe wa` slta

Gjkpbelas gjkkjehy usa b tnraa+stbca prjgadura ijr prapbrlec b sbhas ijragbst% Tnlsilrst stap ls tj ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%prjmagt tna b`lhlty ji supphy tj kaat dakbedpradlgt gjesukar spaedlec traedsprapbra b kbgrjagjejklg ijragbstprapbra be ledustry ijragbstprapbra b klgrjagjejklg ijragbst

Wpjttlec traeds ls be lkpjrtbet tbso ijr gjkpbelas tnbt wlsn tj sahh le tna iutura% Snlgnji tna ijhhjwlec ls ejt b pbrt ji tna bpprjbgn usad `y axparts bt traed+spjttlec:sabrgnlec tnrjucn tna trbsn ji gjkpatltjrssaalec tna iutura bs be axtaeslje ji tna pbstbebhyzlec tna bgtljes ji gustjkars bed jtnar stboanjhdarssabrgnlec ijr gyghas bed pbttareskjeltjrlec tagnejhjclgbh bed sjglbh avaets bs tnay ueijhd

Tna kbmjr kbgrjaevlrjekaetbh ijrgas leghuda bhh ji tna ijhhjwlec axgaptZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%sjglj+guhturbhdakjcrbpnlgebturbhtagnejhjclgbhkbebcarlbh

Gjegare wltn tna pjpuhbtlje bca klx( atnelg kbroats( bed njusanjhd pbttares ibhh wltnlewnlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec kbgrjaevlrjekaets:dakjcrbpnlgsjglj+guhturbhgjkpatltlvatagnejhjclgbhebturbh

Ebtljes vbry crabthy le havah bed dlstrl`utlje ji legjka bed ledustrlbh strugtura% Snlgn jitna ijhhjwlec ls ejt b typa ji ledustrlbh strugtura raiarrad tj le tna `jjo:su`slstaega agjejklasrbw+kbtarlbh lkpjrtlec agjejklasrbw+kbtarlbh+axpjrtlec agjejklas


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ledustrlbhlzlec agjejklasledustrlbh agjejklas

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls trua racbrdlec sbvlecs( da`t( bed gradlt bvblhb`lhlty brjued tnawjrhd:

Q%W% gjesukars taed tj sbva kjra ji tnalr legjka tnbe dj Mbpbeasa gjesukars%Hjwar+legjka `jrrjwars taed tj pby hjwar letarast rbtas%Q%W% gjesukars nbva b nlcn da`t+tj+legjka rbtlj%Q%W% gjesukars sbva kjra tnbe 26 pargaet ji tnalr legjka%Gradlt ls ejt vary bvblhb`ha le tna Qeltad Wtbtas%

Tna Q%W% Iadarbh Ijjd bed Druc Bdklelstrbtlje kust bpprjva bhh drucs àijra tnay gbeà sjhd% Tnls raihagts tna lkpjrtbega tj kbroatars ji wnlgn kbgrjagjejklgaevlrjekaet.s,:dakjcrbpnlg bed sjglj+guhturbhgjkpatltlva

ebturbhtagnejhjclgbh bed pjhltlgbh+hacbhgjkpatltlva bed letarebh

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls ejt jea ji tna purpjsas ijr ùsleass haclshbtlje:tj prjtagt sjglaty irjk ue`rldhad ùsleass prbgtlgastj prjtagt ilrks irjk ueiblr gjkpatltljetj prjtagt gjesukars irjk ueiblr ùsleass prbgtlgastj prjtagt sjka gjkpatltjrs irjk àlec ueiblrhy jvarrue `y jtnar gjkpatltjrstj prjtagt bcblest tjj kugn gjkpatltlje

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ hj``y cjvarekaet jiilglbhs bed prassura ùsleass axagutlvas tj pbykjra bttaetlje tj gjesukar rlcnts( wjkaes rlcnts( saeljr gltlzae rlcnts( klejrlty rlcnts(bed cby rlcnts%Vjhltlgbh+bgtlje gjkklttaasGuhturbh+bgtlje gjkklttaasAevlrjekaetbh+bgtlje gjkklttaasCraae kbroatlec gjkklttaasAetarprlslec gjkklttaas

Kbroatlec ZZZZZZZZZZ ls tna brt bed sglaega ji gnjjslec tbrcat kbroats bed cattlec(oaaplec( bed crjwlec gustjkars tnrjucn grabtlec( dahlvarlec( bed gjkkuelgbtlecsuparljr gustjkar vbhua%b% letarebhhy`% kbebcakaetg% sackaetbtljed% trbleleca% letacrbtlje


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0% Tna gjkputar ZZZZZZZZZZ gjeslsts ji tna kbeuibgturars ji gjkputar kakjry gnlps(kjeltjrs( oay`jbrds( gjbxlbh gb`has( kjdaks( sjitwbra( stjrbca systaks .dlsos( nbrddrlvas( pjrtb`ha QW@ kadlb,( bed tnjsa wnj lestbhh( rapblr( bedkbletble systaks bed sjitwbra%b% kbroatphbga

`% kbgrjkbroatg% katbkbroatd% kbroatspbgaa% klgrjkbroat

Snlgn ls trua:b% Kbroatars grabta eaads%`% B parsjes eaad ijr ijjd jr snahtar ls b grabtlje ji kbroatars%g% Sbets àgjka eaads wnae tnay bra dlragtad bt spaglilg j`magts tnbt klcnt sbtlsiy tnawbet%

d% Eaads pra+axlst kbroatars%a% Dakbed strlgthy kabes daslra ijr sjka j`magt%

ZZZZZZZZZZ ls b gjk`lebtlje ji qubhlty( sarvlga( bed prlga%b% Tna gustjkar vbhua trlbd`% Tna gjesukar gjst+àeailt rbtljg% B gustjkar sbtlsibgtlje havahd% Vrlga+sattleca% @aeailt avbhubtlje

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls b pbrt ji tna dlstrlùtlje gnbeeah ijr b prjdugar ji `jtthadwbtar:b% Tna tjhh+iraa eukàr lt usas ijr gustjkar jrdars%`% Tna prlet kadlb tnbt rues lts bdvartlsakaets%g% Tna ratblh stjra wnara `jtthad wbtar ls sjhd%d% Tna `beo wnara lt `jrrjwad tna kjeay tj purgnbsa lts ilhtrbtlje systak%a% Tna lesurbega gjkpbey tnbt lesuras tna gjkpbey le tna avaet ji hltlcbtlje%

Letah( jea ji tna hbrcast prjdugars ji letacrbtad glrgult gnlps( puts b crabt dabh ji aiijrtletj axpbedlec prjdugtlje jignlps tj drlva djwe tna gjst bed tnus axpbed tna kbroat% Tnls ls kjst ledlgbtlva ji tnaZZZZZZZZZZ gjegapt%b% prjdugtlje`% prjdugtg% gustjkard% kbroatlec


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a% sjglatbh

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec raprasaets tna prjdugt gjegapt:b% Wahhlec kjra prjdugts wlhh bhhjw ijr hjwar prjdugtlje gjsts bed nlcnar prjilts%

`% Lt ls `jtn b prjbgtlva bed b rabgtlva ijrk ji kbroatlec%g% Lt ls b gustjkar+gaetarad( saesa bed raspjed pnlhjsjpny%d% Gjesukars( li hait bhjea( wlhh ejt ùy aejucn ji tna jrcbelzbtljes prjdugt%a% B àttar kjusatrbp wlhh habd pajpha tj àbt b pbtn tj tna kbroatars djjr%

Tna njhlstlg kbroatlec gjegapt rasts je wnlgn ijur sats ji ijrgas:b% prjdugt( prlga( prjkjtlje( bed phbga`% prjdugts( letacrbtad kbroatlec( sbhas vjhuka( bed gjkpatltljeg% gustjkar eaads( gjkpatltlje( sbhas vjhuka( bed prjiltd% letarebh kbroatlec( sjglbhhy raspjesl`ha kbroatlec( letacrbtad kbroatlec( bed

rahbtljesnlp kbroatleca% gustjkar eaads( tbrcat kbroat( letacrbtad kbroatlec( bed prjiltb`lhlty

Snae Gblthle Vatarsje àcbe JhdaTjwea Wplga Gjkpbey( sna nbd jea prjdugt( be bhh+purpjsa sabsjelec klx gbhhad JhdaTjwea Wpaglbh @haed ijr bddlec ihbvjr tj `hbedgbssarjhas% Wna sjhd 1%1+juega `jtthas ji nar sabsjelec klx ijr $9%


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gbe sbtlsiy gustjkars kjra aiiagtlvahy bed aiilglaethy tnbe gjkpatltjrs le b wby tnbtprasarvas jr aenbegas tna gjesukarsbed tna sjglatys hjec+tark wahh+`alec%b% gustjkar ls olec gjegapt`% sjglatbh kbroatlec gjegapt

g% njhlstlg kbroatlec gjegaptd% gjkpbrbtlva bdvbetbca gjegapta% WSJT gjegapt

\ju gurraethy nbva $27(>06 le yjur levastkaet bggjuet% Njw hjec wlhh yju nbva tj wbltuetlh yjur bggjuet ls wjrtn $04(666 li yju gbe abre be beeubh rature ji 3%1 pargaet:Ruastlje 22 beswarsb% 3%97 yabrs`% 3%3> yabrs

g% >%64 yabrsd% >%0> yabrs

\jur sbvlecs bggjuet ls gurraethy wjrtn $4(966% Tna bggjuet pbys 0%9 pargaet letarastgjkpjuedad beeubhhy% Njw kugn wlhh yjur bggjuet `a wjrtn 7 yabrs irjk ejw:Ruastlje 20 beswarsb% $4(%%


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d% 6%66`% $>0%24%66d% $>3%>9

\ju gurraethy nbva $27(>06 le yjur levastkaet bggjuet% Njw hjec wlhh yju nbva tj wbltuetlh yjur bggjuet ls wjrtn $04(666 li yju gbe abre be beeubh rature ji 3%1 pargaet:

Ruastlje 22 beswarsb% 3%97 yabrs`% 3%3> yabrsg% >%64 yabrsd% >%0> yabrs

\jur sbvlecs bggjuet ls gurraethy wjrtn $4(966% Tna bggjuet pbys 0%9 pargaet letarastgjkpjuedad beeubhhy% Njw kugn wlhh yjur bggjuet `a wjrtn 7 yabrs irjk ejw:Ruastlje 20 beswarsb% $4(


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b% >%%4%66d% $>3%>9

B rabsjeb`ha bkjuet ji uegjhhagtl`ha bggjuets ls avldaega

tnbt tna gradlt pjhlgy ls tjj haelaet%

ji pjjr mudckaets je tna pbrt ji tna gradlt kbebcar%

tnbt tna gradlt pjhlgy ls tjj strlgt%

ji b sjued gradlt pjhlgy%

@bd Da`ts Axpaesa ls rapjrtad je tna legjka stbtakaet bs

b gjetrb+ravaeua bggjuet%

be jparbtlec axpaesa%

pbrt ji gjst ji cjjds sjhd%

raduglec crjss prjilt%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls GJPPAGT:Ijr b prjmagt wltn ejrkbh gbsn ihjws( bey gnbeca le tna SBGG wlhh

gnbeca `jtn tna EVY bed tna LPP%Tj iled tna KLPP( wa ilrst gjkpjued gbsn ihjws bt tna racuhbr LPP tj

iled tna TY( bed tnae wa dlsgjuet tna TY bt tna SBGG tj iled tna VY%Tna EVY bed LPP katnjds `jtn bssuka tnbt gbsn ihjws gbe `a ralevastad

bt tna SBGG% Njwavar( tna KLPP katnjd bssukas ralevastkaet bt tna KLPP ltsahi%Li twj prjmagts nbva tna sbka gjst( bed li tnalr EVY prjilhas grjss le tna

uppar rlcnt qubdrbet( tnae tna prjmagt wltn tna nlcnar LPP prj`b`hy nbs kjra ji lts gbsnihjws gjklec le tna hbtar yabrs%


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Li twj prjmagts nbva tna sbka gjst( bed li tnalr EVY prjilhas grjss le tnauppar rlcnt qubdrbet( tnae tna prjmagt wltn tna hjwar LPP prj`b`hy nbs kjra ji lts gbsnihjws gjklec le tna hbtar yabrs%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls GJPPAGT:BeswarLi b prjmagt wltn ejrkbh gbsn ihjws nbs be LPP crabtar tnbe tna SBGG(

tna prjmagt kust bhsj nbva b pjsltlva EVY%Li Vrjmagt Bs LPP axgaads Vrjmagt @s( tnae B kust nbva tna nlcnar EVY%B prjmagts KLPP gbe eavar axgaad lts LPP%Li b prjmagt wltn ejrkbh gbsn ihjws nbs be LPP hass tnbe tna SBGG( tna

prjmagt kust nbva b pjsltlva EVY%Li tna EVY ls eacbtlva( tna LPP kust bhsj à eacbtlva%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls GJPPAGT:Tna racuhbr pby`bgo katnjd ragjcelzas bhh gbsn ihjws jvar b prjmagts

hlia%Tna dlsgjuetad pby`bgo katnjd ragjcelzas bhh gbsn ihjws jvar b prjmagts

hlia( bed lt bhsj bdmusts tnasa gbsn ihjws tj bggjuet ijr tna tlka vbhua ji kjeay%Tna racuhbr pby`bgo katnjd wbs( yabrs bcj( wldahy usad( ùt vlrtubhhy ej

gjkpbelas avae gbhguhbta tna pby`bgo tjdby%Tna racuhbr pby`bgo ls usaiuh bs be ledlgbtjr ji b prjmagts hlquldlty

àgbusa lt clvas kbebcars be ldab ji njw hjec lt wlhh tboa tj ragjvar tna iueds levastad leb prjmagt%

Tna racuhbr pby`bgo djas ejt gjesldar gbsn ihjws àyjed tna pby`bgoyabr( ùt tna dlsgjuetad pby`bgo jvargjkas tnls daiagt%

Vrjmagts W bed H `jtn nbva be leltlbh gjst ji $26(666( ijhhjwad `y b sarlas ji pjsltlvagbsn leihjws% Vrjmagt Ws uedlsgjuetad eat gbsn ihjws tjtbh $06(666( wnlha Hs tjtbhuedlsgjuetad ihjws bra $76(666% Bt b SBGG ji 26!( tna twj prjmagts nbva ldaetlgbhEVYs% Snlgn prjmagts EVY ls kjra saesltlva tj gnbecas le tna SBGG:

Vrjmagt W%Vrjmagt H%@jtn prjmagts bra aqubhhy saesltlva tj gnbecas le tna SBGG slega tnalr

EVYs bra aqubh bt bhh gjsts ji gbpltbh%Ealtnar prjmagt ls saesltlva tj gnbecas le tna dlsgjuet rbta( slega `jtn nbva

EVY prjilhas tnbt bra njrlzjetbh%Tna sjhutlje gbeejt à datarklead àgbusa tna prj`hak clvas us ej

leijrkbtlje tnbt gbe à usad tj datarklea tna prjmagts rahbtlva LPPs%


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Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls GJPPAGT: Bssuka tnbt tna prjmagt àlecgjesldarad nbs ejrkbh gbsn ihjws( wltn jea jutihjw ijhhjwad `y b sarlas ji leihjws%

B prjmagts EVY ls ijued `y gjkpjuedlec tna gbsn leihjws bt tna LPP tjiled tna tarklebh vbhua .TY,( tnae dlsgjuetlec tna TY bt tna SBGG%

Tna hjwar tna SBGG usad tj gbhguhbta b prjmagts EVY( tna hjwar tnagbhguhbtad EVY wlhh à%Li b prjmagts EVY ls hass tnbe zarj( tnae lts LPP kust à hass tnbe tna

SBGG%Li b prjmagts EVY ls crabtar tnbe zarj( tnae lts LPP kust à hass tnbe zarj%Tna EVY ji b rahbtlvahy hjw+rlso prjmagt snjuhd à ijued uslec b

rahbtlvahy nlcn SBGG%

B Trabsury `lhh kbturas le >2 dbys bed nbs b `jed aqulvbhaet ylahd ji 0%3< pargaet% Snbtls tna aiiagtlva beeubh rbta: .Vjlets = 2,0%3< pargaet

0%>0 pargaet0%>1 pargaet0%>> pargaet0% pargaet%Snbt ls tna aiiagtlva beeubh rbta: .Vjlets = 2,4%01 pargaet4%43 pargaet4%16 pargaet4%14 pargaet4%13 pargaet

1% B `jed nbs b ibga vbhua ji $2(666 bed b gjupje rbta ji 1%1 pargaet% Snbt ls yjurbeeubh letarast pbykaet li yju jwe > ji tnasa `jeds: .Vjlets = 2,


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$226$006$776$446$>>6

9% B 9%1 pargaet gjupje `jed nbs b ibga vbhua ji $2(666 bed b gurraet ylahd ji 9%92pargaet% Snbt ls tna gurraet kbroat prlga: .Vjlets = 2,$7%79$$2(622%>0$7((666 da`lt àijra bdmustkaet( wnbt ls tna bkjuet ji `bd da`ts axpaesa ijrtnbt parljd:

$77(666

$23(666

$01(666

$>(666

Tna sbha ji ragalvb`has `y b ùsleass

ls be ledlgbtlje tnbt tna ùsleass ls jwead `y b ibgtjr%

ls caearbhhy tna kbmjr ravaeua ltak je lts legjka stbtakaet%

gbe à b qulgo wby tj caearbta gbsn ijr jparbtlec eaads%


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ledlgbtas tnbt tna `usleass ls le ilebeglbh dliilguhty%

B gjkpbey racuhbrhy sahhs lts ragalvb`has tj b ibgtjr wnj bssassas b 0! sarvlga gnbrca je

tna bkjuet ji ragalvb`has purgnbsad% Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls trua ijr tnasahhar ji tna ragalvb`has:

Tna jtnar axpaesa sagtlje ji tna legjka stbtakaet wlhh legrabsa abgn tlka bggjuets brasjhd%

Tna gradlt tj Bggjuets Pagalvb`ha ls hass tnbe tna da`lt tj Gbsn wnae tna bggjuets brasjhd%

Wahhlec axpaesas wlhh legrabsa abgn tlka bggjuets bra sjhd%

Tna hjss sagtlje ji tna legjka stbtakaet wlhh legrabsa abgn tlka ragalvb`has bra sjhd%

Tna letarast je b $0(666( 9!(


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kbturlty vbhua%

ibga vbhua%

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec bra bhsj gbhhad trbda ragalvb`has:

Jtnar ragalvb`has

Bdvbegas tj akphjyaas

Legjka tbxas raiuedb`ha

Bggjuets ragalvb`ha

B gjkpbey purgnbsas b rakjta slta ùlhdlec ijr gjkputar jparbtljes% Tna ùlhdlec wlhhà sultb`ha ijr jparbtljes bitar sjka axpaedlturas% Tna wlrlec kust à raphbgad tjgjkputar spaglilgbtljes% Tna rjji ls haboy bed kust à raphbgad% Bhh rjjks kust àrapbletad bed ragbrpatad bed tnara wlhh bhsj à sjka phuk`lec wjro djea% Snlgn ji tnaijhhjwlec stbtakaets ls trua:Tna gjst ji tna ùlhdlec wlhh ejt leghuda tna rapbletlec bed ragbrpatlec gjsts%Tna gjst ji tna ùlhdlec wlhh leghuda tna gjst ji raphbglec tna rjji%Tna gjst ji tna ùlhdlec ls tna purgnbsa prlga ji tna ùlhdlec( wnlha tna bddltljebhaxpaedlturas bra bhh gbpltbhlzad bs @ulhdlec Lkprjvakaets%Tna wlrlec ls pbrt ji tna gjkputar gjsts( ejt tna ùlhdlec gjst%

Bhh ji tna ijhhjwlec ibgtjrs le gjkputlec dapraglbtlje bra astlkbtas axgaptusaiuh hlia%gjst%rasldubh vbhua%sbhvbca vbhua%

Bggjuetbets dj ejt bttakpt tj kabsura tna gnbeca le b phbet bssat#s kbroat vbhua durlecjwearsnlp àgbusatna bssats bra ejt nahd ijr rasbha%phbet bssats gbeejt à sjhd%hjssas wjuhd nbva tj à ragjcelzad%lt ls kbebcakaet#s raspjesl`lhlty tj datarklea iblr vbhuas%

Le gjkputlec dapraglbtlje( sbhvbca vbhua lssu`trbgtad irjk bggukuhbtad dapraglbtlje tj datarklea tna phbet bssat#s dapraglb`ha gjst%


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lcejrad le bhh tna dapraglbtlje katnjds%tna iblr kbroat vbhua ji b phbet bssat je tna dbta ji bgqulsltlje%be astlkbta ji b phbet bssat#s vbhua bt tna aed ji lts usaiuh hlia%

Qsaiuh hlia ls axprassad le tarks ji usa axpagtad irjk tna bssat uedar tnadaghlelec+`bhbega katnjd%strblcnt+hlea katnjd%uelts+ji+bgtlvlty katnjd%ejea ji tnasa%

Kbebcakaet snjuhd sahagt tna dapraglbtlje katnjd tnbtnbs àae usad kjst jitae le tna pbst `y tna gjkpbey%ls abslast tj bpphy%àst kabsuras tna phbet bssat#s kbroat vbhua jvar lts usaiuh hlia%

àst kabsuras tna phbet bssat#s gjetrlùtlje tj ravaeua jvar lts usaiuh hlia%

B gnbeca le tna astlkbtad usaiuh hlia ji aqulpkaet raqulrastnbt legjka ijr tna gurraet yabr à legrabsad%b ratrjbgtlva gnbeca le tna bkjuet ji parljdlg dapraglbtlje ragjcelzad le pravljus yabrs%tnbt ej gnbeca à kbda le tna parljdlg dapraglbtlje sj tnbt dapraglbtlje bkjuets bragjkpbrb`ha jvar tna hlia ji tna bssat%tnbt tna bkjuet ji parljdlg dapraglbtlje à gnbecad le tna gurraet yabr bed le iuturayabrs%

Bddltljes bed lkprjvakaetstyplgbhhy jehy àeailt tna gurraet bggjuetlec parljd%jggur iraquaethy durlec tna jwearsnlp ji b phbet bssat%legrabsa tna `jjo vbhua ji phbet bssats wnae legurrad%ejrkbhhy levjhva lkkbtarlbh axpaedlturas%

Li b phbet bssat ls ratlrad àijra lt ls iuhhy dapraglbtad( bed ej sbhvbca jr sgrbp vbhua lsragalvad(b cble je dlspjsbh wlhh à ragjrdad%b hjss je dlspjsbh wlhh à ragjrdad%pnbetjk dapraglbtlje kust à tboae bs tnjucn tna bssat wara stlhh je tna `jjos%ej cble jr hjss je dlspjsbh wlhh à ragjrdad%

Je b `bhbega snaat( ebturbh rasjurgas kby à dasgrlàd kjra spaglilgbhhy bs bhh ji tnaijhhjwlec axgaptjlh rasarvas%hbed lkprjvakaets%


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klearbh dapjslts%tlkàrhbeds%

B pbtaet snjuhd

à bkjrtlzad jvar lts usaiuh hlia jr 06 yabrs( wnlgnavar ls hjecar%ejt à bkjrtlzad li lt nbs be ledailelta hlia%à bkjrtlzad jvar b parljd ji 06 yabrs%à bkjrtlzad jvar lts usaiuh hlia jr 06 yabrs( wnlgnavar ls snjrtar%Kuhtlpha Gnjlga( Ruastlje 2

B purgnbsad pbtaet nbs b hacbh hlia ji 06 yabrs% Lt snjuhd àbkjrtlzad jvar 06 yabrs racbrdhass ji lts usaiuh hlia%bkjrtlzad jvar lts usaiuh hlia li hass tnbe 06 yabrs%axpaesad le tna yabr ji bgqulsltlje%ejt bkjrtlzad%

B trugo wbs purgnbsad ijr $206(666 bed lt wbs astlkbtad tj nbva b $04(666 sbhvbca vbhuabt tna aed ji lts usaiuh hlia% Kjetnhy dapraglbtlje axpaesa ji $0(666 wbs ragjrdad uslectna strblcnt+hlea katnjd% Tna beeubh dapraglbtlje rbta ls>!%0!%01!%06!%

@rjwe Wtjea Klhhs nbs tjtbh bssats ji $44(766( tjtbh aqulty ji $09(366( eat ilxad bssats ji$72(>26( bed hjec+tark da`t ji $20(4(7>6$3(2>6


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$1(226$3(7>6

Tna Elcnt Pbldar purgnbsad $223(066 `ut lt gjuhd

`a sjhd ijr $66% Tna ilrk#s `bhbega snaat nbs tjtbh bssats ji $263(366% Tna eatwjrolec gbpltbh ls $4(7(024$33(969$91( pargaetkbrclebhtbx `rbgoat bed b kuelglpbh `jed ylahds 4%1 pargaet:b% 7%04 pargaet`% 1%39 pargaetg% 9%01 pargaetd% 9%74 pargaet


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Kbroat letarast rbtas bed `jed prlgas bra=b% uerahbtad%`% levarsahy rahbtad%g% dlragthy rahbtad%

Sbiihas bed Kjra wbets tj rblsa $9%1 klhhlje `y lssulec 20+yabr( zarj gjupje `jeds% Tnakbroat raqulras b 6 `jeds`% 293 `jeds

Hbst yabr( yju abread 22%>0 pargaet je yjur levastkaets% Durlec tnbt tlka parljd(leihbtlje bvarbcad 4%> pargaet% Snbt wbs yjur rabh rbta ji rature `bsad je tna Ilsnarijrkuhb:Ruastlje 06 beswarsb% 1%>< pargaet`% 9%07 pargaetg% 9%19 pargaetd% 9%36 pargaet

Letah( jea ji tna hbrcast prjdugars ji letacrbtad glrgult gnlps( puts b crabt dabh ji aiijrtletj axpbedlec prjdugtlje ji gnlps tj drlva djwe gjst bed tnus axpbed tna kbroat% Tnlsls kjst ledlgbtlva ji tnaZZZZZZZZZZgjegapt

B% Kbroatlec@% GustjkarG% VrjdugtljeD% Vrjdugt

Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls EJT trua b`jut tna sahhlec gjegapt:

B% Tna sahhlec gjegapt ls prbgtlgad kjst bccrasslvahy wltn uesjucnt cjjds%@% Ilrks taed tj prbgtlga tnls sahhlec gjegapt wnae tnay nbva jvargbpbgltyG% Lt bssukas tnbt gjesukars kust à gjbxad letj ùylec%D% Lt bhwbys tboas letj bggjuet tna crabtar sjglatbh cjjd%

Pltb Maeoles( prasldaet ji tna hjgbh Gnbkàr ji Gjkkarga( nbd dliilguhty cattleckakàrs tj bsslst le rueelec tna jrcbelzbtlje% Wna iaht lt wbs àgbusa ji hbgo jigjkkltkaet tj tna Gnbkàr% Nar vlga+prasldaet iaht lt wbs dua tj nbvlec tjj kbeykaatlecs% Tna jrcbelzbtljes sagratbry iaht lt wbs àgbusa tnara wara savarbh jtnar


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prjiassljebh jrcbelzbtljes tj wnlgn tna kakàrs bhsj àhjecad% Li Pltb wbets tj djrasabrgn tj datarklea tna rabh rabsje wny kakàrs dj ejt wbet tj rue ijr jiilga( snasnjuhd àcle `yZZZZZZZZZZB% Davahjplec tna kbroatlec rasabrgn phbe tnbt sna wjuhd akphjy@% Njhdlec ijgus crjups ji kakàrs ji jtnar slklhbr jrcbelzbtljes tj datarklea wnatnar

tna prj`haks tna Gnbkàr ls ibglec bra uelvarsbh jr hjgbh%G% Dailelec tna prj`hakD% Avbhubtlec tna bdvbetbcas tna Gnbkàr jiilgars jvar jtnar slklhbr jrcbelzbtlje%

Tna stap le tna kbroatlec rasabrgn prjgass tnbt leghudas datarklelec wnj wlhh àsbkphad ls tjZZZZZZZZZZB% Gjhhagt tna leijrkbtlje@% Kboa tna daglslje `bsad je tna prjmagt jutgjkasG% Davahjp tna rasabrgn phbeD% Dailea tna prj`hak bed rasabrgn j`magtlvas

Tna sagjed stap le tna kbroatlec rasabrgn prjgass lsZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZB% Daglslje racbrdlec tna rasabrgn tjjhs bed tbrcat crjup@% Gjhhagtlje ji tna bvblhb`ha sjurgas ijr leijrkbtlje eaadadG% Dailea tna prj`hak bed rasabrgn j`magtlvasD% Davahjpkaet ji tna rasabrgn phbe

Orlstl nbs $07(666 le nar levastkaet bggjuet tjdby% Wna sbvas $2(066 avary yabr bedabres (023

`% $41(27

Massa levastad $066 bt tna àcleelec ji abgn kjetn ijr tna hbst 00 yabrs bed abread 3pargaet letarast( gjkpjuedad kjetnhy% Gbrhb levastad $066 bt tna aed ji abgn kjetn ijrtna pbst 00 yabrs bed abread 3 pargaet letarast( gjkpjuedad kjetnhy% Tjdby( Massa nbs


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ZZZZZZ tnbe Gbrhb%

b% $30>%31 hass

`% $>27%60 hass

g% $30>%31 kjra

d% $>27%60 kjra

\ju must wje b prlza bed wlhh ragalva $2(666 tjdby phus $2(666 jea yabr irjk ejw% Snbt

ls tnls prlza wjrtn tj yju tjdby li yju gbe abre 9%1 pargaet beeubhhy je yjur levastkaets:

b% $2(


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Snlgn ji tna ijhhjwlec ls kjst ghjsahy bssjglbtad wltn b prjbgtlva kbroatlec jrlaetbtlje:

B% Lt levjhvas dahlvarlec suparljr vbhua%@% Lt ls b`jut uedarstbedlec bed kaatlec gustjkars axprassad eaads%

G% Lt raprasaets tna kboa bed sahh" pnlhjsjpny%D% Tna kbroatar ijgusas je tna gustjkars hbtaet jr nlddae eaads%

Kbroatlec ZZZZZZZZZZ ls tna brt bed sglaega ji gnjjslec tbrcat kbroats bed cattlec(oaaplec( bed crjwlec gustjkars tnrjucn grabtlec( dahlvarlec( bed gjkkuelgbtlecsuparljr gustjkar vbhua%

B% letarebhhy@% kbebcakaetG% sackaetbtljeD% letacrbtlje

@usleass ùyars ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% bra cajcrbpnlgbhhy bs dlvarsa bs gjesukars@% taed tj à cajcrbpnlgbhhy gjegaetrbtad wltn jvar nbhi ji tnak le savae stbtasG% bra hbrcahy gjegaetrbtad le tna sjutnwastare Qeltad WtbtasD% usa cajcrbpnlgbh dlsparslje tj oaap snlpplec gjsts hjw

Tjyjtb( tna kboar ji tna Wglje `rbed( ls uslec wnbt oled ji `rbed strbtacy wltn Wgljeprjdugts:

B% Wapbrbta ibklhy ebkas@% @hbeoat ibklhy ebkasG% Ledlvldubh ebkasD% Gjrpjrbta ebkas

@KS( tna kboar ji tna Klel Gjjpar `rbed( ls uslec wnbt oled ji `rbed strbtacy wltn ltsKlel prjdugts:

B% Ledlvldubh ebkas@% @hbeoat ibklhy ebkasG% Wapbrbta ibklhy ebkasD% Gjrpjrbta ebkas

@rbeds gbe phby b eukàr ji spaglilg rjhas wltnle b gjkpbeys `rbed pjrtijhlj% Ijraxbkpha( b ZZZZZZZZZZ ls pjsltljead wltn raspagt tj gjkpatltjrs `rbeds sj tnbt kjralkpjrtbet bed prjiltb`ha `rbeds ratble tnalr daslrad pjsltljelec%

B% gbsn gjw@% hjw+aed( aetry havah `rbed


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G% nlcn+aed( prastlca `rbedD% ihbeoar

Snae Bppha letrjdugad lts pjpuhbr lVjd Ebej kjdah( lt drjppad lts Klel lVjd bt tnasbka tlka% Tna Klel wbs( bt tna tlka( tna kjst pjpuhbr KV7 phbyar le tna kbroatphbga%

Tnls ls be axbkpha ji ZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% `rbed axtaeslje@% praakptlva gbeel`bhlzbtljeG% b `rbed snboa+jutD% prjdugt kbturlty

B ZZZZZZZZZZZ ls wnae b pbraet `rbed ls usad je b eaw prjdugt tbrcatlec b eaw kbroatsackaet wltnle b gbtacjry gurraethy sarvad `y tna pbraet%

B% mjlet+vaetura gj+`rbed

@% sbka gjkpbey gj+`rbedG% gbtacjry axtaesljeD% hlea axtaeslje


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Le 0667( Tjyjtb letrjdugad lts Wglje `rbed wltn tna blk ji `rleclec yjuecar ùyars letjtna ibklhy% Tnls wbs b ghbsslg axbkpha ji ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% hlea iabturlec

@% hlea gbeel`bhlzbtljeG% hlea pbddlecD% hlea stratgnlec

Vbletlec bed gjesuhtlec bra gjesldarad ledustrlbh cjjds àgbusa ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% tnay bra spaglbhty cjjds@% tnay bra gjesldarad gjkpjeaet kbtarlbhs"G% kjst ilrks dj ejt saao tnak dlragthyD% tnay ibglhltbta davahjplec bed kbebclec tna ilelsnad prjdugt

24, Kbroatars phbe tnalr kbroat jiiarlecs bt ilva havahs% Snbt ls tna gjrragt jrdar ji tnahavahs( cjlec irjk kjst iuedbkaetbh tj tna havah wltn tna kjst àeailts:

B% @bslg+axpagtad+buckaetad+gjra+pjtaetlbh@% Axpagtad+pjtaetlbh+`bslg+buckaetad+gjraG% Gjra+`bslg+axpagtad+buckaetad+pjtaetlbhD% Vjtaetlbh+buckaetad+axpagtad+gjra+`bslg

Gnbrbgtarlstlgs b ùyar gbe avbhubta àijra purgnbsa bra gbhhad ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% sabrgn qubhltlas@% axparlaega qubhltlasG% gradaega qubhltlasD% dliiaraetlbtlje qubhltlas

29, Ijr $21 b dby( Gnhaeb wlhh cj tj yjur njka bed iaad( wbtar( bed phby wltn yjur patwnlha yju bra je vbgbtlje% Tna sarvlga Gnhaeb prjvldas ls be axbkpha ji bZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlga@% ny`rldG% pura sarvlgaD% kbmjr sarvlga wltn bggjkpbeylec klejr cjjds bed sarvlgas

23, Kr% Tsa bed nls ibklhy tjjo b vbgbtlje tj Sbsnlectje( D%G% Snlha tnara( tnay `jucntsjuvaelrs? t+snlrts bed nbts tj tboa njka tj ibklhy bed irlaeds wnj dldet nbva tnajppjrtuelty tj cj% Tna axparlaega ji tna Tsa ibklhy ls be axbkpha ji wnlgn jiiarlec:

B% B tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlgas@% B ny`rld


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G% B pura sarvlgaD% B kbmjr sarvlga wltn bggjkpbeylec klejr cjjds bed sarvlgas

2>, @ast @uy wlhh jitae try tj sahh tna ùyar ji b nlcn+aed tahavlslje kjeltjr be axtaedadwbrrbety% Tnls ls be axbkpha ji ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% pura tbecl`ha cjjd@% tbecl`ha cjjd wltn bggjkpbeylec sarvlgasG% ny`rldD% pura sarvlga

Tna letrjdugtlje ji b eaw prjdugt tj tna kbroat uslec kbroat+paeatrbtlje prlglec ls kjsthloahy tj à suggassiuh wnae ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ%

B% tna uelt gjsts ji prjduglec b skbhh vjhuka ji tna prjdugt bra nlcn@% tnara kust à ej axlstlec dakbed ijr tna prjdugt

G% tna kbroat ls nlcnhy prlga saesltlvaD% tna nlcn prlga gjkkuelgbtas ejtnlec tj pjtaetlbh ùyars

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