A Balancing Act - Areas of Physical and Economic Water Scarcity

8/9/2019 A Balancing Act - Areas of Physical and Economic Water Scarcity

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A Balancing ActA Balancing Act

WATER

Cado Daily University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Water Wise Program

RIVER

GROWTH

ECONOMY


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Just a little perspective..Just a little perspective..


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But this is home and its beautiful-


4/39United NationsUnited Nations

Although a wet planet, in some places water is not

abundant

or so we think


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Sierra Vista

Subwatershed


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Most of Arizona receivesless than 12 of rainfallper year. This makethe areas that do

receive higherprecipitation, such asthe White Mountains,critical in generatingsurface water thatsupports streamflows

and

fills reservoirs

Under 8

8 to 12

12 to 16

16 to 20

20 to 24

24 to 28

28 to 32

32 to 36

Above 36

HTTP://geography.asu.edu/azclimate/ocs/az.gig

Arizona Average Annual Precipitation

Oregon Climate ServicesOregon State University

ADWR ABCs of Water


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9/39The Nature Conservancy


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San Pedro River ValleySan Pedro River Valley

S P d Ri i N i lS P d Ri i N ti l


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San Pedro Riparian NationalSan Pedro Riparian National

Conservation Area (SPRNCA)Conservation Area (SPRNCA)

Federally ProtectedFederally Protected


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ProblemProblem

In the Sierra Vista Subwatershed,In the Sierra Vista Subwatershed,groundwater sole water sourcegroundwater sole water source

for people and riverfor people and river Overdraft = approximately 10,000 AFYOverdraft = approximately 10,000 AFY

(acre foot = 325,851 gallons of water)(acre foot = 325,851 gallons of water)

10,000 AFY by 201110,000 AFY by 2011

26,500 AFY by 205026,500 AFY by 2050

History of overdraft in the urban southwest hasHistory of overdraft in the urban southwest has

dried up nearby riparian areasdried up nearby riparian areas


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Growth in the Sierra Vista SubwatershedGrowth in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed


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Why are people coming?Why are people coming?


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Potential Riparian Consequence toPotential Riparian Consequence to

the SPRNCAthe SPRNCA


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River = Ft. Huachuca = EconomyRiver = Ft. Huachuca = Economy

Huachuca Water Umbel

Endangered Species


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Whats Being DoneWhats Being Done

A consortium of 21 agencies and organizationsA consortium of 21 agencies and organizations

working together to meet the water needs of areaworking together to meet the water needs of area

residents while protecting the San Pedro River.residents while protecting the San Pedro River.

The purpose of the Partnership is to coordinate andThe purpose of the Partnership is to coordinate andcooperate in the identification, prioritization andcooperate in the identification, prioritization and

implementation of comprehensive policies and projectsimplementation of comprehensive policies and projects

to assist in meeting water needs in the Sierra Vistato assist in meeting water needs in the Sierra VistaSubwatershed of the Upper San Pedro River Basin.Subwatershed of the Upper San Pedro River Basin.


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Partnership ProjectsPartnership Projects

AugmentationAugmentation

Apply for Colorado River waterApply for Colorado River water

Bring water from mines to the river/communityBring water from mines to the river/community

Groundwater RechargeGroundwater Recharge

EffluentEffluent

StormwaterStormwater

Conservation (many)Conservation (many)

Storm and Rainwater collectionStorm and Rainwater collection


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Storm and Rainwater HarvestingStorm and Rainwater Harvesting


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Partnership StudiesPartnership Studies

Bureau of Reclamation Appraisal StudiesBureau of Reclamation Appraisal Studies

Water Recharge Potential of Collected UrbanWater Recharge Potential of Collected Urban

Runoff in the Sierra Vista AreaRunoff in the Sierra Vista Area

Water Development Potential of RainwaterWater Development Potential of RainwaterCollection for New Residential Communities andCollection for New Residential Communities and

New Commercial/Industrial BusinessesNew Commercial/Industrial Businesses

Water Recharge Potential of CollectedWater Recharge Potential of Collected


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Water Recharge Potential of CollectedWater Recharge Potential of Collected

Urban RunoffUrban Runoff

in the Sierra Vista Areain the Sierra Vista Area

Collection and treatment of differentialCollection and treatment of differentialstormwater runoff from highly urbanizedstormwater runoff from highly urbanized8 square mile area = 1,8008 square mile area = 1,800 acftacft/yr/yr

Option 1: Recharge near riverOption 1: Recharge near river

Option 2: Recharge near areas of highOption 2: Recharge near areas of high

pumping demand (AHI)pumping demand (AHI)


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Sierra Vista Rainfall = 14.5/yrSierra Vista Rainfall = 14.5/yr

Average 60 events/yearAverage 60 events/year

40 summer40 summer 25 winter25 winter

Only 30 storms provide collectable waterOnly 30 storms provide collectable water

(>0.2)(>0.2)

Collectable water = 4.25 inches/yearCollectable water = 4.25 inches/year


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Urban Runoff Collection &Urban Runoff Collection & Treatment SystemTreatment System

Pre-filter

Manholes

Sierra Vista Stormwater

Collection System

(8 sq. miles)

WastewayEqualization and Pre-treatment

Reservoir (5 AF)

Water Treatment-Sand

Filters (6.2 acres, 30 AF)

Clearwell

Reservoir (44 AF)

Recharge Basins (12 acres)

Trunk Pipeline

Delivery Pipeline


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Issues and ConcernsIssues and Concerns

EffectivenessEffectiveness

Capturing water that may either evaporate orCapturing water that may either evaporate orrecharge far away from SPRNCArecharge far away from SPRNCA

Cannot offsetCannot offset gwgwpumping during longpumping during long--termterm

droughtdrought

Water Rights and OwnershipWater Rights and Ownership Only capturing postOnly capturing post--development runoffdevelopment runoff

Capturing water before enters natural channelCapturing water before enters natural channel

I d C C tI nd C n rn C nt


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Issues and Concerns Cont.Issues and Concerns Cont.

FinancingFinancing Capital requirements = $61 (near river)/51 millionCapital requirements = $61 (near river)/51 million

(near AHI)(near AHI)

Annual operating and maintenance expenses =Annual operating and maintenance expenses =

$0.31/0.28M$0.31/0.28M

Total annual costs (capital cost amortized over lifeTotal annual costs (capital cost amortized over lifeof project + O/M = $4 million)of project + O/M = $4 million)

Estimated cost $2,675/$2,271 AFEstimated cost $2,675/$2,271 AF


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Issues and Concerns cont.Issues and Concerns cont.

RegulatoryRegulatory

BiologicalBiologicalCultural ResourcesCultural Resources

ImplementabilityImplementability

Rainwater CollectionRainwater Collection


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e o e oe o e o

Industrial/CommercialIndustrial/Commercial

Single BuildingSingle Building

400,000 sq ft used for analysis @ 90% efficiency400,000 sq ft used for analysis @ 90% efficiency

10 AFY yield10 AFY yield

1.5 million gallons by August 11.5 million gallons by August 1stst year, 1.7+ endyear, 1.7+ end

of yearof year

Would provide 271,000 gallons/month (0.8AF)Would provide 271,000 gallons/month (0.8AF)


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Rainwater CollectionRainwater Collection

Industrial/CommercialIndustrial/Commercial to 2050to 2050

331 AFY331 AFY(all new commercial impervious areas)(all new commercial impervious areas)


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Storm and Rain Collection ResidentialStorm and Rain Collection Residential

50 home rainwater collection system50 home rainwater collection system

3.6AFY3.6AFY

Residence: 2,000Residence: 2,000 sqftsqft rooftop + 1,000sqft hardscaperooftop + 1,000sqft hardscape@ 90% rooftop and 80% hardscape (road, drive,@ 90% rooftop and 80% hardscape (road, drive,patio)patio)

3.4 AFY toilet flushing3.4 AFY toilet flushing

Estimated toilet use/home 14.9Estimated toilet use/home 14.9 gpcdgpcd or 60or 60 gphdgphd(US EPA estimate is 16.2(US EPA estimate is 16.2 gpcdgpcd)) Estimated 3 years to accumulate necessaryEstimated 3 years to accumulate necessary

300,000 gallon storage300,000 gallon storage


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Model SubdivisionModel Subdivision

O h S diO h S di


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Other StudiesOther Studies

Aqua HarvestAqua Harvest Sample study for SVSSample study for SVSResidential Master Planned CommunityResidential Master Planned Community 5,400 homes on5,400 homes on--site roof top capturesite roof top capture 1,5001,500 sqftsqft/residence/residence

15 annual rainfall15 annual rainfallYield 235 AFY (38Yield 235 AFY (38 gphdgphd))

Treatment: minimal, O & M minimalTreatment: minimal, O & M minimal

Pumping/transfer costs low because captured atPumping/transfer costs low because captured atsource and use pointsource and use point

Approx. $3Approx. $3 -- $4/ gallon$4/ gallon


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Aqua Harvest Study cont.Aqua Harvest Study cont.

Residential Sample FinancingResidential Sample Financing

Incentive programsIncentive programs Increase densitiesIncrease densities

Reduced impact feesReduced impact fees

Expedited plan reviewsExpedited plan reviews

Etc.Etc.

Commercial Sample StudyCommercial Sample Study


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Commercial Sample StudyCommercial Sample Study Aqua HarvestAqua Harvest

50,00050,000 sqftsqft = 1.45 AFY= 1.45 AFYCost: $1.75Cost: $1.75 -- $2.25/gallon$2.25/gallon


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Aqua Harvest Case StudyAqua Harvest Case Study

2004 Santa Fe County created ordinance requiring2004 Santa Fe County created ordinance requiring

any new commercial or residential 2,500sq ft orany new commercial or residential 2,500sq ft or

more to have a full rain harvesting system tomore to have a full rain harvesting system tosupply irrigation demands.supply irrigation demands.

Rancho Viejo de Santa FeRancho Viejo de Santa Fe


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Rancho Viejo de Santa FeRancho Viejo de Santa Fe Master Planned CommunityMaster Planned Community

First Master Planned community in U.S. toFirst Master Planned community in U.S. to

implementimplement rwhrwh on every homeon every home 120 homes120 homes

Rancho de Viejo prior toRancho de Viejo prior to rwhrwhimplementation water use = 0.17 AFY, afterimplementation water use = 0.17 AFY, after

0.12 AFY. Drop of 30% (approximately 500.12 AFY. Drop of 30% (approximately 50gphdgphd))

Savings realized with 8 inches rainfallSavings realized with 8 inches rainfall

RiverRiver


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RiverRiver GrowthGrowth

EconomyEconomy 10,000 AFY by 201110,000 AFY by 2011 26,500 AFY by 205026,500 AFY by 2050

Choices?Choices?

BOR SummaryBOR Summary


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BOR SummaryBOR Summary

Urban Stormwater Runoff:Urban Stormwater Runoff:1,800 AFY @ $2,675/AF (8 mi1,800 AFY @ $2,675/AF (8 mi22))

Commercial Rain/Stormwater:Commercial Rain/Stormwater:

331 AFY all new commercial to 2050 and/or 10331 AFY all new commercial to 2050 and/or 10AFY (400,000 ftAFY (400,000 ft22 buildingbuilding rooftop)rooftop) Residential Rain/Stormwater:Residential Rain/Stormwater:1,095 AFY (80% all new homes through 2050 roof1,095 AFY (80% all new homes through 2050 roof

and street @$23,780/AFand street @$23,780/AF

The ShakeThe Shake--Out:Out:


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The ShakeThe Shake--Out:Out: BOR RecommendationsBOR Recommendations

AugmentationAugmentationImplementation: Fair to PoorImplementation: Fair to Poor,, Cost: FairCost: Fair

Urban, Commercial andUrban, Commercial and

Residential Storm andResidential Storm andRainwater Recharge/CollectionRainwater Recharge/Collection

Implementation: Good, Cost: PoorImplementation: Good, Cost: Poor


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Rain andRain andStormwaterStormwater

HarvestingHarvesting

aa goodgood part ofpart ofthe solutionthe solution(but lets make it(but lets make it

better)better)

Documents

A Balancing Act - Areas of Physical and Economic Water Scarcity