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A Bit of History ofthe Microscope
Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the multimedia fair use guidelines and are restricted from further
use.
Clipart from Microsoft Office Online
The microscope got it’s
name because it
allows us to view minute
things.
Micro means very small.
Scope (suffix) means
viewing or observing.
.
History of the microscope
Spectacles were known in Italy in
1200
The early simple “microscopes” which were really only magnifying glasses had one power, usually about 6X - 10X . One thing that was very common and interesting to look at was fleas and other tiny insects. These early magnifiers were hence called “flea glasses”.
Around 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans started experimenting with these lenses. They put several lenses in a tube and discovered objects were greatly enlarge. This was thefirst compound microscope.
Anthony Leeuwenhoek of Holland (early 1700’s) became very interested in lenses while working with magnifying glasses in a dry goods store. He used to count the threads in cloth.
He taught himself new methods for grinding and polishingtiny lenses which gave him greater magnifications.has since been called the "Father of Microscopy"
Robert Hooke’s
Microscope
Hooke wanted to know what something living looked like when it was strongly magnified. Since he knew that he would need to cut a really thin layer to view through his microscope, he chose to view a piece of easily-sliced cork tree…
Hooke’s microscope
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hooke_Microscope-03000276-FIG-4.jpg
Cork oak (Quercus suber) with
sections of cork removed
Eric G. Carle—Shostal/EB Inc.
This is a photograph of a cork tree (from which we cut cork).
Cork
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cork_Trees_Ubrique.jpg
When Hooke
viewed the thin layer of
cork through
his micro-scope, this is
what he saw:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png
The small structures that “make up” cork reminded Hooke of the prison cells of his century…
What Hooke saw through his scope…
Modern Prison Cells
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oxford_Castle.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Prison_cell.jpg
…so he named the small structures “cells.”
Cork Cells
(Cells from a Cork Tree)
Modern Prison Cells
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oxford_Castle.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Prison_cell.jpg
Schleiden and Schwann
•
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Matthias_Jacob_Schleiden.jpg
Proposed cell theory:
1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things3. All cells are produced by other cells
Microscopes use a lightsource. The light source is a light-bulb located at the base of themicroscope. The light source lightsup the specimen by passing lightthrough a thin, almost transparentpart of the specimen.
Microscopes are compound, meaningthey have two or more lenses usedto magnify objects. These lenses bendthe light.
1931- An electron microscope depends on electrons rather than light to view an object. Electron microscopes make it possible to view objects slightly larger thanan atom.
In effect, it can magnify objects up to 1 million times. Nevertheless, all electron microscopes suffer from a serious drawback. Since no living specimen can survive under their high vacuum, they cannot show the ever-changing movements that characterize a living cell.
Magnification: X 1,000
Mosquito head
Magnification: X 200
Black Widow Spider Claw
Moth wing
Cucumber Skin
Staple through paper
Toilet paper
Hypodermic Needle
Foot of a House Fly
Deer Tick
Microscope Rules
1. Always use two handsto carry a microscope!
One hand goes under the baseand one on the arm.
2. Do not touch the lenses. If they are dirty, ask your teacher for special lens paper or ask the teacher to clean the lenses for you.
3.Be cautious when handling glass slides. Notify teacher if a slidebreaks. Students should not handle broken glass.
Microscopes are not toys!!
They are expensive tools!!