A bloody business

The Circulatory System

Prof. Luigi García Saavedra

Functions

• Transport of oxygen and nutrients

• Removal of wastes from tissues

• Carry elements of the immune system

• Regulates temperature• Transport of hormones

The Heart

Structure• Tissue: Cardiac muscle (Myocardium)• 4 chambers, separated by the Septum:– 2 upper chambers: Atria – 2 lower chambers: Ventricles

• 2 pumps – 2 circulations:– Pulmonary (Right heart)– Systemic (Left heart)

The Valves of the Heart

• Right Atrium TRICUSPID VALVE Right Ventricle• Left Atrium MITRAL VALVE Left Ventricle

Other valves

• Pulmonary Valve: Right ventricle-Pulmonary artery

• Aortic Valve: Left ventricle-Aorta

• Valves in veins

The Hearts´s Blood Supply

• Coronary Arteries (branch from the Aorta)

Pulmonary Circulation• Inferior vena cava and Superior vena cava• Right Atrium • Right Ventricle (Tricuspid Valve) • Pulmonary artery (Pulmonary Valve)• Lungs

Systemic Circulation

• Pulmonary Veins• Left Atrium• Left Ventricle (Mitral Valve)• Aorta (Aortic Valve)• Tisssues

Heartbeat

• Atrial contract – Sinoatrial node

• Ventricle contract– Atrioventricular node

End of Class 1

Blood Vessels

Blood Pressure

• When the heart contracts, a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries (blood pressure)

• The elasticity of the arterial walls maintains the pressure.

• There are sensory receptors in blood vessels

• High blood pressure: Autonomic nervous system releases neurotransmitters that relax the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls

• Kidneys also help regulate blood pressure by regulating the level of water in the blood in response to hormones released by the heart and other organs

The Blood

Proteins of the Blood• Albumin and Globulins: transport substances like

fatty acids, hormones and vitamins

• Albumin: regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume

• Globulins: some of them fight viral infections

• Fibrinogen: necessary for blood clotting

Erythrocytes

The Lymphatic System

The Lymphatic System

• Network of vessels, nodes and organs that collects the lymph that leaves capillaries, “screens” ir for microorganisms and returns it to the circulatory system

• Lymph: fluid that leaves the blood and goes in between the cells, carrying nutrients, dissolved oxygen, salts, etc.

• Role in Circulation

• Role in Nutrient Absorption

• Role in Immunity

End of Class 2

Diseases of The Circulatory System

End of Circulatory System