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A BRIEF A BRIEF HISTORYHISTORY
OF THE USA
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE U.S.0 The colonial era (1607-1776)0 A new nation (1776)0 The Civil War (1861-1865)0 19th Century0 WWI (1914-1918)0 WWII (1939-1945)0 The Vietnam War0 The Cold War (1945 – 1991)0 The Gulf War (8/1990 – 2/1991)0 The War against terrorism (since 2001)0 War in Iraq (3/2003 – 12/2011)
THE COLONIAL ERA
0 First English colony:
Jamestown, Virginia
(1607)
0 1620: Plymouth,
Massachusetts (by
Puritans)
0 1636: Roger William
formed Rhode Island
THE COLONIAL ERA
01733 - 13 colonies found: Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York,
Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
0The French: Canada, Louisiana, & the Mississippi
watershed
01763: Seven Years’ War with France ended.
England vs. the Colonies
0 “No taxation without representation”
0 Taxes
0 Lodging of soldiers
01773: The Boston Tea Party
0April 19, 1775: war broke out
0 July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775 – 1783)
01777: Saratoga, New York
0France = alliance
01781: Yorktown, Virginia
01783: Treaty of Paris: England recognized
American Independence.
A NEW NATION
0 Two principles
0 religious freedom
0 separation between the church
and the state
0 Government = 3 branches (>< fear
of excessive central power)
0 Legislative (Congress)
0 Executive (the president & the
federal agencies)
0 Judicial (Federal court)
WHO ARE THEY?
G.W. & T. J.
0George Washington
0 1st President
0 Strong president &
Central Government
0Thomas Jefferson
0 3rd President
0 More power to the
states
0 Purchased Louisiana
from France the
Rocky Mountains
SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR
“Overseer Artayou Carrier whipped me. I was two months in bed sore from the whipping. My master come after I was whipped; he discharged the overseer.”
SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR
“The being of slavery, its soul and its body, lives and moves in the chattel principle, the property principle, the bill of sale principle: the cart-whip, starvation, and nakedness are its inevitable consequences.”
- James W.C. Pennington
SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR
0 “All men are created equal” >< 1.5 million slaves
01820: Should slavery be allowed in western/ new
territories?
01860: Abraham Lincoln elected president
0 11 states left the Unions the Confederate States of
America
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
01809 – 1865; 16th president
0A foe of slavery
01863: passed the
Emancipation Proclamation
free all slaves in the
Confederacy
01865: assassinated
THE CONFEDERATE STATES
THE CIVIL WAR
Which one was
- the beloved general of the South?
- the symbol of Union victory?
Robert E. Lee
[1807-1870]
Ulysses S. Grant
[1822, 1885]
Key Figures
THE CIVIL WAR
01861: The War broke out
01863: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
01865: the war ended
0 Put an end to slavery
0 The country = an indivisble whole instead of a collection
of semi-independent states
GONE WITH THE WIND
There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen of Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind...
19th Century
0Andrew Johnson(1808-
1875)
017th President (1865 –
1869)
0The first president to be
impeached
19th Century
0The U.S. became a leading industrial power
0 1869: first Continental Railroad completed
0 Electrical Industry flourished
0 John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company = richest
man in America
0 Andrew Carnegie: steel mills
0 Louis Sullivan: skyscraper
19th CenturyJohn D.
Rockefeller [1839-1937],
American industrialist. At its peak, Rockefeller's
personal fortune was estimated at almost $1 billion. The total amount
of his philanthropic
contributions was about $550
million.
John D. Rockefeller
[1839-1937], American
industrialist. At its peak, Rockefeller's
personal fortune was estimated at almost $1 billion. The total amount
of his philanthropic
contributions was about $550
million.
Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919], American industrialist and philanthropist, who, at the age of 33, when he had an annual income of $50,000, said, “Beyond this never earn, make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.”
Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919], American industrialist and philanthropist, who, at the age of 33, when he had an annual income of $50,000, said, “Beyond this never earn, make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.”
MONOPOLY & TRUSTS
01887: The Interstate Commerce Commission: control
railroad rates
01890: The Sherman Antitrust Act: ban trusts
19th CENTURY LABOR
01886: The American Federation of Labor: coalition of
skilled laborers
0Heavy immigration many workers were foreign-
born
0Hard time for farmers
19th CENTURY EXPANSION
01867: purchase of Alaska
01890s: a new spirit of expansion a duty to “civilize”
the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
01898: the Spanish War The States gained Cuba, the
Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
0Acquired Hawaiian Islands
19th CENTURY EXPANSION
01902: American troops left Cuba; naval bases granted
to the U.S.
01907: The Philippines obtained limited self-
government 1946: complete independence
0Puerto Rico = a self-governing commonwealth
01959: Hawaii became a state
THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
0 About 1900
0 To reform society through government action
0 Settlement houses established to provide the poor with health
services and recreation
0 End to sale of liquor demanded
0 Corruption fought; public transportation regulated;
municipally owned utilities built
0 Laws passed to restrict child labor, limit work days, and
provide compensation for injured workers
WWI & Pre-Great Depression
0WWI erupted in Europe in 1914: Woodrow Wilson
urged a policy of strict neutrality
01917: Congress declared war on Germany
0Nov. 11, 1918: armistice declared
01919: Wilson came to Paris to draft the peace treaty
Woodrow Wilson
028th president of the U.S. (1913-1921)
0Enacted reform legislation
0Led the U.S. during WWI
0Promoted the formation of the League of Nations (United Nations)
01919 Nobel Prize for Peace
1920s – 30s
0 The U.S. withdrew from European affairs
0 Hostile to foreigners
0 1919: First “Red Scare”
0 1921: immigrations limit enacted
0 1924, 1929: immigrations further tightened – favor given to immigrants from Anglo-Saxons and Nomadic countries
0 1920s = The age of Prohibition
0 The Roaring Twenties: jazz, silent movies, fads
1920s – 30s
0 Ku Klux Klan: terrorized
blacks, Catholics, Jews
and immigrants
Klan members at a rally during the 1920's
1920s-30s Golden Year for Business
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
0 1929: the stock market crashed worldwide depression
0 1932: Industrial production cut in half; wages cut by 60%; 25% workers unemployed
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
0Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 –
1945)
032nd President (1933-1945)
04 terms in office
0New Deal
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS1. CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps: building
public works, structures and trails in parks
2. CWA - Civil Works Administration: create jobs in construction
3. FHA – Federal Housing Agency: mortgages and housing conditions
4. FSA: Federal Security Agency: social security, education funding, food & drug safety
5. HOLC – Home Owner’s Loan Cooperation: refinancing of homes
6. NRA – National Recovery Act: bring the working class & business together
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
7. PWA – Public Works Administration: create public works
8. SSA – Social Security Act: combat poverty among seniors
9. TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority: develop economy in Tennessee
10. WPA – Work Progress Administration: provided jobs across the
nation
WWII
0 1939: the War broke out
0 1941: the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor
0 D-Day (June 6, 1944): Allied forces landed in Normandy
0 May 5, 1945: the Germans surrendered
0 8/1945: the war against Japan ended after Hiroshima &
Nagasaki nuclear bombings
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
0200,000 civilians were killed
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air.
The “Good War”"Dear Madam: I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that our heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln."
Harry S. Truman
0 33rd President, commander in chief of the U.S. forces during WWII
0 Decided to drop the two atomic bombs
0 Founded NATO0 Initiated the foreign policy
of containing Communism0 “The buck stops here” vs.
“Passing the buck”
THE COLD WAR (1945-1991)0Historical contexts:
0 The United Nations was established & the U.S. joined
0 Soviet forces imposed dictatorships in Eastern Europe
0 Germany was divided
0 1949: NATO formed (12 countries)
0 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea 1953: Korea
divided
THE COLD WAR0 1945 – 1 970: long period of
economic growth for America
0 1960: John. F. Kennedy elected
0 Apr. 1961: the Soviets sent the first man into orbit around the Earth
0 1962: The Soviet Union installed nuclear missile in Cuba
0 1963: Kennedy assassinated
0 July 1969: Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon
THE VIETNAM WAR
0Presidents: Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon
0 Escalation
0 Quagmire
0 Vietnamization
0 “An effort to check on Communism in all fronts”
Anti-Vietnam War Movement
DECADES OF CHANGES0 26 years of Democratic control after WWII
0 1980: Republican Ronald Reagan: big federal government, high federal taxes
0 Long period of economic growth
0 The revelation: the U.S. secretly sold arms to Iran
0 1988: George Bush
01990-1991: The Gulf War
0 1992: Bill Clinton: normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam
DECADES OF CHANGES
0Debates
0 Federal government vs. decentralization of power
0 Church included or separated from state
0 Ways of dealing with crimes
0Troubling trends
0 Downsizing of corporations
0 Decline in quality of life, in the strength of the family, and in neighborliness and civility
Beginning of the 21st Century
0Beginning of 2001: economic
recession
0September 11, 2001: terrorist
attacks on
0 The World Trade Center
0 The Pentagon
Ground Zero
September 11
0 Who is this man?
0 What is al-Qaeda?
0 What is “jihad”?
0 What’s Taliban?
0 What happened on May 2,
2011?
THE WAR ON TERRORISM
0A coalition of nations formed to fight terrorism: NATO
& key neighbors of Afghanistan: Pakistan & India
0October 2001: America went to war with Afghanistan
THE WAR IN IRAQ0 1990-1991: Gulf War (response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait);
Saddam Hussein still in power
0 1998: Iraq announced that it would no longer cooperate with the
U.N. on disarmament
0 2002: Bush administration put a new focus on Iraq as part of its
war against terrorism
0 2003: America & Britain claimed that Iraq was not cooperating
with UN weapons inspectors
0 March 2003: US-led forces invaded Iraq
0 Dec. 18, 2011, the last U.S. troops left Iraq
What points is the cartoon making?What points is the cartoon making?
Bush Administration(2001-2009)
0Tax cuts
0Education reform: established performance standards
for public schools
0Extended role for church-based charities in running
social programs
0The Afghan War & the War in Iraq