A. Cell Wall

• Cell walls are the outermost boundary in ____, _______, and _______.

• They are not found in ___________. The primary function of the cell wall is to provide _____________. The cell wall does not regulate what ___________ the cell.

1. Cell walls of plants are composed of ________2. Cell walls of fungi are composed of __________

plants fungi

bacteria animal cells

structure and support

enters and leaves

cellulose

Chitin

B. Cell Membrane • Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane

made of ____________. The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means _______________________________________________________________________. This characteristic is critical in helping the cell maintain _______________. The cell membrane is also called the __________ membrane.

Lipid bilayer

it only allows certain substances in and certain substances out

homeostasis plasma

IV. INSIDE A EUKARYOTIC CELL

pp. 174-181

Inside the cell consists of the:

A. Nucleus

B. Cytoplasm- includes the _________ or “cell gel” and the ___________, which means “_________”

Cytosol

organelles Mini organs

Nucleus

• _____________ of the cell. Genetic information stored as ____________, which is _______wrapped in ________________.

Control center

chromatin

DNA

protein

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nucleolus

• Small, dense region in the nucleus. Site of ________________ production

ribosome

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Nuclear Envelope

• Double _________________ membrane. Has nuclear ___________ which allow _______ to leave the nucleus

phospholipid

pores

RNA

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Ribosomes

• Tiny, granular organelles located on _________________ or suspended in _________. Site of _________________. All cells (pro & euk) have ribosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

cytosol protein production

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Extensive network continuous with _________________. Called “rough” because it has ________________ all along the membrane. Function of the rough ER is to _____________________. Most of these proteins are packaged into _____________ (like bubbles or sacs) and shuttled to the ____________

nuclear envelope

ribosomes

modify & transport proteins

vesicles

Golgi apparatus

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Similar to rough ER in structure, except that it lacks ______________. The smooth ER manufactures ________, breaks down _________, detoxifies __________, and ________________.

ribosomes

lipids

glycogen

poisons

stores calcium

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Golgi Apparatus • Flattened, round sacs that look like a sack

of ________________. Receives, modifies, and ships products by way of ___________ into the ____________________________

pancakes

vesicles

cytosol → cell membrane_

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Lysosome

• Found in __________ cells. Round sacs containing __________ that _______________ and ______________ used cell components. Also used as defense against _______ and _______________

Both animal & plant

enzymes

break down recycle

bacteria

viruses

Vacuole

• Sacs that may be used as storage for _______, _________, _________________, or wastes. Plants have a large central vacuole.

water Salts, proteinscarbohydrates

Mitochondria

• Double-walled organelle with inner folds ____________. ____________Uses _______ to manufacture energy in the form of ______. Mitochondria have their own _______.

to increase

surface area glucose

ATP

DNA

Chloroplast

• Found in ______ cells. Contain __________ (green pigment) and their own ______. Chloroplasts harvest energy from the ____ to produce ____ through __________.

plant

chlorophyll

DNA

sun

glucose

photosynthesis

Centrioles

• Found in _________ cells only. Bundles of _________________ that play a role in _________________

animal

microtubules

cell division

Cytoskeleton • Composed of protein fibers known as _______________

and ______________. Anchor _______________ and provide ______________. Also provide motility for some cells in the form of ___________ or ____________. More extensive cytoskeleton found in __________ cells.

microtubules

microfilaments organelles

structure cilia flagella

animal