A Citizens Guide to Foreign Affairs

8/8/2019 A Citizens Guide to Foreign Affairs

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-citizens-guide-to-foreign-affairs 1/8

United States

Department of State

Follow Foreign Affairs and stay connected by:

A Citizen’s Guide to

ForeiGn AFFAirs

Diplomacy and

Development in Action



Message froM the secretary of state

Promoted the adoption o tough UN Security ■

Council Sanctions on North Korea.

Built seven new acilities around the world,■

moved nearly 1,500 employees into saer work

environments, and completed eight major physicalsecurity upgrade projects at existing acilities.

Required that all new embassy and consular■

buildings receive the U.S. Green Building

Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design certication, which veries strategies

and improvements to achieve energy and natural

resource conservation.

Opened our new U.S. Passport Agencies in: Dallas, exas;■

ucson, Arizona; Detroit, Michigan; and Minneapolis,

Minnesota; and issued over 13 million passports andsix million visas.

Expanded our workorce to signicantly strengthen our ability ■

to deliver more eective diplomacy and development programs,

adding approximately 600 Foreign Service Ofcers.

Our achievements in the Administration’s rst year provide a solid

oundation or the road that lies ahead. Our priorities are clear – to

ourselves, our riends, and our adversaries. We will ensure that the

extraordinary story the United States has to tell is presented clearly

and eectively across the world.

rue partnership is based on shared eort and responsibility. Te

Department o State and USAID together prepared this report to

provide a succinct analysis o our investment o citizens’ resources

in U.S. oreign policy. I am pleased to oer this summary o key

perormance, budget, and nancial inormation and note that the

data herein are complete and reliable in accordance with guidance

rom the Ofce o Management and Budget.

I am proud to represent the thousands o employees, including

both Americans and Foreign Service Nationals, who serve at more

than 260 posts worldwide. Our strength lies in the talent and

determination o all our employees who work tirelessly to ensure the

saety o the American people and enhance the global leadership o

the United States. We look orward to continuing to serve alongside

them as we work together to demonstrate America’s values, advance

America’s interests, and help build a world in which all people have

the opportunity to live healthy, peaceul lives, and achieve their true

human potential.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Secretary o State

April 30, 2010

1 | A C i t izen’s Guide to ForeiGn AFFA irs


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-citizens-guide-to-foreign-affairs 3/82 | A C i t izen’s Guide to ForeiGn AFFA irs

The Obama Administration has pledged to elevate

development to play a critical role, alongside

deense and diplomacy, in our nation’s national

security and oreign policy. Secretary Clinton and I

are committed to making USAID the world’s premier

development agency. USAID is central to U.S. eorts

to improve ood security and human health, reduce

poverty, mitigate the impact o global climate change,

to empower women and girls, help countries like Haiti

recover rom natural disasters, and bring peace and

stability to Aghanistan, Iraq and many other conicted

places throughout the world.

Development is a long-term process that must be led by the people o

developing nations themselves. Our objective is to create conditions

where countries no longer need our assistance; where people have

access to healthcare, education and ood, communities and privateenterprise thrive, governments are accountable to their citizens,

and democratic institutions deliver services and improved living

standards.

On behal o the American people, USAID’s results in 2009 include:

In sub-Saharan Arica, sustained high level o childhood■

vaccination in target areas with 82% o children receiving

a third dose o diphtheria-pertusis-tetanus vaccines or two

consecutive years, and 75% o children receiving two doses o

vitamin A. Reduced deaths o children under age ve by 30%in three years in Senegal alone due to targeted malaria activities.

Strengthened the capacity o nancial institutions to lend to■

small businesses, as evidenced by an additional $316 million

in private nancing through 19 new Development Credit

Authority guarantees, to help micro, small, and medium-sized

enterprises gain access to commercial sources o capital.

Encouraged transparent, participatory, and accountable■

governance in 61 countries, many o them emerging and

consolidating democracies, in part by training over 117,000

justice sector personnel and domestic election observers.

Increased the cultivation o alternative crops to coca and poppy,■

leading to more jobs and income in targeted areas. In Colombia

alone, USAID exceeded the FY 2009 target o 93,777 hectares

o alternative crops by 28,777 hectares.

Responded to 57 lie-threatening disasters in■

46 countries providing more than $754 million

to those in need. In all cases, USAID responded

within 72 hours o declared disasters.

Trough the Development Leadership Initiative,■

increased USAID’s workorce by 207 Foreign

Service Ofcers in FY 2009, signicantly

strengthening its ability to deliver more eective

development programs.

Launched a new worldwide integrated procurement■

system, Global Acquisition and Assistance

System, improving the efciency and eectiveness

o a critical Agency business process.

For the seventh consecutive year, earned unqualied opinions■

on its nancial statements, a representation that thesestatements airly present the nancial condition o the Agency.

All these accomplishments are possible due to the commitment

and talent o our workorce overseas and at home. Many Agency

proessionals endured hardship, spent time away rom amilies, and

even put their lives in danger to help partner nations. In act, 40% o

USAID’s Foreign Service Ofcers have served in Iraq, Aghanistan,

Pakistan or Sudan.

I am pleased to certiy that the perormance and nancial data are

complete and reliable. It is USAID’s policy that all perormance

data reported to the American public are assessed against standardso validity, integrity, precision, reliability, and timeliness to identiy

the strengths and weaknesses o the data and the extent to which

they can be trusted or programmatic decisions. A uller discussion

o FY 2009 perormance and data sources is available in the 2009

Foreign Assistance Perormance Report published in the joint USAID

and Department o State FY 2011 Foreign Operations Congressional

Budget Justication.

Message froM the UsaID aDMInIstrator

Rajiv ShahUSAID Administrator

April 30, 2010



recent PerforMance anD resoUrce hIghlIghts

J O I N T S T R A T E G I C F R A M E W O R K

American diplomacy and development in the 21st century are based on three undamental belies: our reedom is

best protected by ensuring that others are ree; our security relies on a global eort to secure the rights o all; and our

prosperity depends on the prosperity o others. Te joint Strategic Goals and Priorities o the Department o State and

USAID displayed below reect this vision and our mission. For joint reports, including the Joint Strategic Plan or

2007-2012, see http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/rls/dosstrat/index.htm and http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget/.

Visa Services

Passport Services

American CitizenServices

Planning andAccountability

Human Resources

InformationTechnology

Security

Facilities

AdministrativeServices

Rightsizing theU.S. GovernmentOverseas Presence

Offer a PositiveVision

MarginalizeExtremism

Nurture CommonInterests and Values

Means for Migration

Protection,Assistance, and

Solutions

Orderly Humane

Management

Disaster Preventionand Mitigation

Private Markets andCompetitiveness

Trade andInvestment

Energy Sector

Environment

Agriculture

Infrastructure

Homeland Security

Counternarcotics

Transnational Crime

Conflict Prevention,Mitigation, and

Response

Social Services andProtection for

Especially VulnerablePopulations

Rule of Law andHuman Rights

Good Governance

Civil Society

PoliticalCompetition and

Consensus-Building

Health

Education

Counterterrorism

SecurityCooperation andSecurity Sector

Reform

Achieving Peaceand Security

Governing Justly andDemocratically

Investing inPeople

Promoting EconomicGrowth andProsperity

ProvidingHumanitarian

Assistance

PromotingInternational

Understanding

EconomicOpportunity

CombatingWeapons of MassDestruction and

DestabilizingConventional

Weapons

Financial Sector

MacroeconomicFoundation for

Growth

Strengthening Consularand Management

Capabilities


* Includes appropriations and fees.

O u R M I S S I O N S T A T E M E N T

Advance reedom or the beneft o the American people and the international community by helping to build

and sustain a more democratic, secure and prosperous world composed o well-governed states that respond

to the needs o their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system.



S u M M A R Y O F S TAT E - u S A I D P E R F O R M A N C E

Te Department o State and USAID are committed

to using perormance management best practices

to ensure the most advantageous U.S. diplomacy

and development outcomes and promote greater

accountability to the American people. Drawing on

technical expertise within both agencies and rom

the development and security communities, the

Department and USAID have developed quantitative

and qualitative perormance indicators to provide a

comprehensive picture o the results that are being

achieved with U.S. taxpayer resources. Te chart

and table shown here summarize those ratings overall, and at the Strategic Goal level, or FY 2009. Additional

inormation is available at http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/rls/perrpt/2009perormancesummary/index.htm andhttp://www.usaid.gov/policy/summary09 .

Above Target On Target Improved, but Target Not Met Below Target Rating Not Available

Performance Ratings by Strategic Goal*

Strategic Goal 1: Achieving Peace and Security Performance Ratings

Preserve international peace by preventing regional conficts and transnational crime, combating terrorism and

weapons o mass destruction, and supporting homeland security and security cooperation.

29Indicators

Strategic Goal 2: Governing Justly and Democratically Performance Ratings

Advance the growth o democracy and good governance, including civil society, the rule o law, respect or human

rights, political competition, and religious reedom.

19Indicators

Strategic Goal 3: Investing in People Performance Ratings

Improve health, education, and other social services to help nations create sustainable improvements in the

wellbeing and productivity o their citizens.

17Indicators

Strategic Goal 4: Promoting Economic Growth and Prosperity Performance Ratings

Strengthen world economic growth and protect the environment, while expanding opportunities or U.S. businesses

and ensuring economic and energy security or the nation.

24Indicators

Strategic Goal 5: Providing Humanitarian Assistance Performance Ratings

Minimize the human costs o displacement, conficts, and natural disasters to save lives and alleviate suering.8

Indicators

Strategic Goal 6: Promoting International Understanding Performance Ratings

Achieve oreign policy goals and objectives and enhance national security by ostering broad, mutually-respectul

engagement and mutual understanding between American citizens and institutions and their counterparts abroad.

7Indicators

Strategic Goal 7: Strengthening Consular and Management Capabilites Performance Ratings

Assist American citizens to travel, conduct business and live abroad securely, and ensure a high quality workorce

supported by modern, secure inrastructure and operational capabilities.

26Indicators


* Percentages rounded to the nearest whole number.



cUrrent PrIorItIes anD lookIng aheaD


QuADRENNIAL DIPLOMACY AND

DEVELOPMENT REVIEW (QDDR)

The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review

(QDDR) provides the short-, medium-, and long-termblueprint or U.S. diplomatic and development eorts.The goal is to use this process to guide the UnitedStates to agile, responsive, and eective institutionso diplomacy and development, including how totransition rom approaches no longer commensuratewith current challenges; leveraging the ull range oAmerican policy tools and resources; measurablyimpacting global progress in security, prosperity, andwellbeing; preventing and responding to crises andconict; and providing strong, exible managementplatorms to support institutional objectives. The QDDRoers guidance on how State and USAID should update

methodologies; deploy sta; add new tools and honeold ones; and exercise new or restored authorities. Italigns policy, strategy, capabilities, authorities, andresources—human and fnancial—to ensure eectiveexecution o solutions to national security priorities. In2010, to assist us in moving orward, State and USAIDwill complete discussions in Washington and the feld toaddress any institutional gaps and strengthen capabilities.For more inormation, see http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/ qddr/ .

SMART POWER

The Obama Administration recognizes that the United Statesand the world ace great peril and urgent oreign policy

challenges, including ongoing wars and regional conicts, theglobal economic crisis, terrorism, weapons o mass destruction,climate change, worldwide poverty, ood insecurity, andpandemic disease. Military orce may sometimes be necessary

to protect our people and our interests. But diplomacy anddevelopment are equally important in creating conditions or apeaceul, stable and prosperous world. Smart power requiresreaching out to both riends and adversaries, bolstering oldalliances and orging new ones.

Smart power translates into specifc policy approaches in fveareas. The Department o State and USAID will:

• update and create vehicles or cooperation withour partners;

• pursue principled engagement with those whodisagree with us;

•

elevate development as a core pillar o American power;• integrate civilian and military action in conict areas; and• leverage key sources o American power, including our

economic strength and the power o our example.

u.S. GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN HAITI RELIEF

On January 12, 2010 a magnitude 7.0 earthquakestruck southern Haiti, with an epicenter 10 miles

southwest o Port-au-Prince. On January 13, PresidentObama named USAID the lead Federal agency orearthquake relie and reconstruction. The U.S. Government’sjoint civilian-military response to assist the Haitian peopleollowing the earthquake is being carried out in coordinationwith the United Nations, the international community, andnongovernmental organizations worldwide. Our assessmentteams are also evaluating public health, critical inrastructure,and longer-term ood and nutrition needs with a view to post-disaster reconstruction. The Department o State and USAIDwork as one to coordinate the overall American humanitarianresponse, demonstrating the ongoing linkage o diplomacyand development. To learn more, see http://www.state.

gov/p/wha/ci/ha/earthquake/index.htm and http://www.usaid.gov/haiti/ .

HIGH PRIORITY PERFORMANCE GOALS

The White House Ofce o Management and Budgetrequested agencies to identiy a limited number

o high-priority perormance goals (HPPGs) as a frststep toward developing the President’s perormanceagenda. State and USAID prepared a joint submissionthat reects the Secretary’s and Administrator’s highestpriorities and will be a particular ocus or the twoagencies rom now through 2011.

State and USAID jointly selected eight goals that areoutcome-ocused and relevant to the public, require

interagency coordination, are in the implementationphase, and will show measureable results throughclear indicators and ambitious targets. The State-USAIDHPPGs address the ollowing subjects:

• Aghanistan and Pakistan• Iraq• Global Health• Food Security• Climate Change• Democracy, Good Governance and Human Rights• Global Security – Nuclear Nonprolieration• Management – Building Civilian Capacity

http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/


http://www.state.gov/p/wha/ci/ha/earthquake/index.htm


http://www.usaid.gov/haiti/










S T A T E - u S A I D B u D G E T

The Department o State and USAID are the lead U.S.

agencies responsible or carrying out the President’s oreign

policy agenda, which includes developing and executing U.S.

oreign policy and interacting with oreign governments andinternational organizations. Te Obama Administration’s

diplomatic and development eorts enhance American

leadership, strengthen alliances, and build new partnerships

to conront pressing global challenges. By increasing oreign

assistance and expanding diplomatic and development capacity,

the United States is taking steps to renew its leadership role

in the global community. Te international agenda today is

unorgiving – two wars, conict in the Middle East, terrorism,

nuclear prolieration, economic recession, climate change,

hunger, pandemic disease, and transnational criminal networks.

All o these challenges threaten global stability and progress – allaect America’s national security and prosperity. o meet the

challenges, the United States must use a ull range o oreign

policy tools, particularly the indispensable instruments o

diplomacy and oreign assistance.

Te State and USAID budget requests are critical components o

the U.S. national security budget, along with the Departments

o Deense and Homeland Security, and are vital to securing

U.S. national security interests around the world. State and

USAID are committed to demonstrating the relationshipbetween their budget requests to Congress and the perormance

o the programs that these budgets support.

F I S C A L Y E A R 2 0 1 0

Te budget provides $47.9 billion to the Department o State

and USAID. Increased oreign assistance supports initiatives

to educate children in the poorest countries, oster global ood

security through sustainable agriculture, increase the size o the

Peace Corps, and stabilize post-conict states. Te budget also

increases unding or global health programs, unds reinvigoratedeorts to counter prolieration, terrorism and transnational

crime, increases non-military assistance to Aghanistan and

Pakistan, and strengthens assistance to help Iraqis who have

been displaced because o the war. Further, the budget expands

diplomatic and development operations by increasing the size o

the Foreign Service at both the Department o State and USAID.

Tere is an additional budget request to Congress or $4.5 billion

to support civilian eorts in Aghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, and

$1.6 billion or assistance to Haiti.

F I S C A L Y E A R 2 0 1 1

Te budget request or the Department o State and USAID totals

$52.8 billion, a $4.9 billion increase above FY 2010 levels, with

$3.6 billion o the increase or programs in Aghanistan, Pakistan

and Iraq. O the total budget, $36.4 billion is devoted to oreign

assistance, o which $26.1 is allocated to provide support in the

regions o the world as shown in the chart below. Te remaining

$10.3 billion o oreign assistance provides unding or the

ollowing: Democracy, Conict and Humanitarian Assistance;

Population, Reugees, and Migration; the Ofce o the Global

Aids Coordinator; International Partnerships; and USAID

Management and other oreign assistance programs. For more

inormation on the Department o State and USAID budgets,

see the Congressional Budget Justications or Fiscal Year 2011 at

http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/c6113.htm and http://www.usaid.gov/

policy/budget .


http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget






OuR PEOPLE

Te Department o State is the lead institution or the conduct o American diplomacy and the Secretary o State is the President’sprincipal oreign policy advisor. Te Foreign Service is adiplomatic corps o more than 12,000 employeesdedicated to representing America abroad andresponding to the needs o American citizensliving and traveling around the world. TeDepartment’s Civil Service corps, totalingmore than 9,000 employees, providescontinuity and expertise in accomplishingall aspects o the Department’s mission.Tere are also more than 37,000 Locally Engaged—including Foreign ServiceNational—Sta at overseas posts.

USAID, headed by the USAID Administrator,is an independent ederal agency that provideseconomic, development, and humanitarian assis-

tance around the world in support o the oreignpolicy goals o the United States. More than 72 percento USAID’s 7,900 employees—including Foreign Service, CivilService, Foreign Service National, and personal service contrac-tors—serve overseas. Trough contracts and grant agreements,USAID partners with more than 3,500 companies and over 300U.S.-based private voluntary organizations.

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20523(202) 712-0000

www.usaid.gov

2201 C Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20520(202) 647-0300

www.state.gov

OuR LOCATIONS

Te Department and USAID carry out their joint missionin a worldwide workplace, ocusing their energies and

resources wherever they are most needed to best servethe American people and the world.

Headquartered in Washington DC, the

Department o State has an extensiveglobal presence, with 260 Embassies,consulates, and other posts in 180countries. Te Department alsooperates several other types o ofces,most o which are located throughoutthe United States, including passportagencies, oreign press centers, logistic

support ofces, security ofces, andnancial service centers.

USAID implements programs in more than

100 countries through its eight WashingtonDC bureaus and 88 eld missions. USAID provides

assistance in ve regions o the world: Sub-Saharan Arica; Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean; Europe and Eurasia;and the Middle East.

DID YOu KNOW?

Te President’s International Aairs Budget request

represents slightly more than one percent o the totalederal budget.

On any given work day in 2009, approximately 51,869 Americans were issued a passport and approximately 22,300 people received a non-immigrant visa to visit theUnited States.

Te State Department makes payments to supportdiplomatic and development operations worldwide in 149dierent oreign currencies.

Te President’s Emergency Plan or AIDS Relie directly supported prevention o mother-to-child transmission

programs that allowed nearly 100,000 babies o HIV-positive mothers to be born HIV-ree in 2009.

President John F. Kennedy created USAID in 1961

by executive order, however, the Agency’s origins dateback to the Marshall Plan reconstruction of Europeafter World War II.

Te Department o State is the oldest (established in 1789)executive agency o the ederal government. Tomas Jeerson was the rst Secretary o State and BenjaminFranklin was our rst Ambassador—to France.

On Earth Day, April 22, 2009, Secretary Clintonlaunched the Greening Diplomacy Initiative, a new commitment to lead by example, and improve thesustainability o the State Department’s acilities andoperations.

IMAGE CREDITS

Cover (clockwise rom upper right): Agence France Presse (AFP); Family Health International; Associated Press (AP);Peace Corps; Department o State; AP; Shah Marai/AFP; Academy or Educational Development; Department o State; Jide Adeniyi-Jones; Nicholas Kamm/AFP.Messages: AFP and USAID

EMAIL: performanceandplanning@state gov

O u RV A L u E S

L O Y A L T Y

C H A R A C T E R

S E R V I C E

A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y

C O M M U N I T Y

D I V E R S I T Y

April 2010

Documents

A Citizens Guide to Foreign Affairs