A Comparison Between Elite Cycling and Karate Athletes

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Annals of Biological Research, 2012, 3 (1):628-631 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)

ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW

628 Scholars Research Library

A comparison of anthropometric and physiological characteristics of Elite cycling and karate athletes

Mir Hojat Mousavi Nezhad1 and Hassan Farhadi2

1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Khoy , Iran 2Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Ahar , Iran ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to comparison anthropometric and physiological characteristics of elite cycling and karate athletes. 23 elite male athletes (Thirteen cyclists with average and standard deviation age of 26.76 ± 2.52 yr, height 174.84 ± 4.21 cm, body mass 69.03 ± 2.82 kg) and ten karateka (age 24.7 ± 2.35 yr, height 180.3 ± 5.65 cm, body mass 79.05 ± 10.16 kg) were tested at the beginning of the season. cormic index (The ratio sitting height / height), fat percentage (sum of three skinfolds), anaerobic power (Wingate test) and VO2max (Bruce test) were measured. The results were compared between two groups using U Mann-Whitney Test. There were significant difference in VO2max(cyclists 64.69 ml.kg.min, karateka 51.6 ml.kg.min), cormic index(cyclists 53.5%, karateka 52.7%), fat percentage(cyclists 8.48%, karateka 12.87%) and There was no significant difference in anaerobic power(cyclists 844 watt, karateka 939.3 watt) between two groups (p<0.05). We conclude that should be consider training specific for different sports. Key words: anthropometric, physiological, cycling, karate. ______________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION

For more than 20 years, scientists have examined the characteristics of successful. In the last two decades, there has been significant accumulation of scientific data regarding athletes physiology and medicine. Previous investigations have evaluated ideal physiological and anthropometric profile of successful karate and cycling players mostly from Western Europe and America, although there is a lack of descriptive data concerning characteristics of elite karate athletes from Eastern Europe[6,9,11]. Aspects such as experience, body composition, endurance, balance between anaerobic power and aerobic power, among other factors, are of primary importance in evaluation of elite athletes[6,15]. Today's training programs, with emphasis on features and knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the body for the sport better, and set to be developed

Mir Hojat Mousavi Nezhad et al Annals of Biological Research, 2012, 3 (1):628-631 _____________________________________________________________________________


Structural and physiological characteristics and qualities that they needed a sports match[5]. Thus, knowing and identifying factors such as energy body, body mechanical efficiency and oxygen intake, is essential be the optimal choice. Understanding of the factors in the championship, the lack of progress and success in sport and the athlete's loss of energy and time and cost will be high[11]. Berthine et al (2003), about athletes who are active in the professional level, having a physical body needs for proper function are emphasized. Thus for karate athletes, having long limbs seem to be necessary[3]. Leon and Larivière(1999) The anthropometric characteristics and the biological movement in young athletes in four different fields were 86 percent of athletes in sports right to have the appropriate classification. It was also shown that the type of exercise is important in the success of athletes. Therefore, these factors can be adjusted in talent and training to use[13]. Martin et al(2002), about Cyclists on the roads and mountains shown that ratio power to body weight is more important in mountain bike riders and these athletes are lighter and thinner than road cyclists. So the lean mass and maximum capacity for success in mountain biking is very important. It was also shown that the type of exercise is important in the success of athletes[9]. Accordingly, this study has also been tried with some measure of physiological and anthropometric characteristics of elite cycling and karate athletes, we can clearly view the status of these athletes get sports. Finally, we hope the results of their research and use of such systems, training and exercise in this field we see more progress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Population and sample Among the 30 athletes, cyclists on the board of cycling in East Azarbaijan province and 25 Karateka invited a national team of adults(Iran), a total of 23 patients (13 athletes cycling with average and standard deviation age of 26.76 ± 2.52 yr, height 174.84 ± 4.21 cm, body mass 69.03 ± 2.82 kg) in the league, the Board of East Azarbaijan province and 10 athletes Karateka (age 24.7 ± 2.35 yr, height 180.3 ± 5.65 cm, body mass 79.05 ± 10.16 kg) in the national team camp, to deploy a global competition faced) were selected as a non-randomized. Maximum oxygen consumption varies by Bruce max test, the anaerobic test by Wingate, percent body fat by Lange caliper(sum of three skinfolds) and the Cormic index was measured by Seca set. Statistical methods To describe the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and analyzed test data from Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0 / 05 was used.

RESULTS

Table 1. Results of Mann-Whitney U test

Significant level

u

Total rating Average rating

Karateka Cyclist Karateka Cyclist 0.000

0.153 0.016 0.050

9

42 26

33.5

64

143 159 88.5

212

133 117

187.5

6.4

14.30 15.9 8.85

16.31

10.239 14.42

Maximal oxygen consumption Anaerobic power Fat % Cormic index

The results showed significant difference was between the mean maximum oxygen consumption (cyclists 64.69 ml .kg .min, karateka 51.6 ml .kg. min), fat (cyclist 8.48 percent , karateka 12.87%) and Cormic index (cyclists 53 .5 percent, karateka 52.7 percent), elite athletes are



cycling and Karateka. But in the mean anaerobic power (cyclist 844 watts, karate 939 .3 watts), the difference was not significant.

DISCUSSION

The purpose of the present study was to comparison anthropometric and physiological characteristics of elite cycling and karate athletes. Findings from this study showed that there is significant difference in the mean of VO2max between cycling and Karate elite athletes( p<0.05 ). Study results Bircher et al, Bentley et al, Nunan, Rahmani-Nia show that cyclists VO2max is more than karateka[4,5,16]. these findings are consistent with the results of this study. Values for anaerobic power were not significantly different between cyclists and karateka. Although the anaerobic power for karateka (74.129 ± 3. 939 watts)more than cyclists (43.121 ± 844 W), but these differences were not significant. Further, we found that cormic index is significant different between groups. Cormic index obtained for cyclists (53/5 ± 0/55) was more than Karateka (52.7 ± 1.07).

CONCLUSION

Habitual activity seems to be the most important factor in the differences observed among athletes[17]. Most karate athletes during competition and training activities that do, most is movements that kind of energy comes from anaerobic (leg movements such as dancing, jumping and mutations), the main fuel is carbohydrate. while the fat of less importance[19]. Although karateka anaerobic power more than cyclists, but this difference was not significant and this suggests that anaerobic power, it is important cycling race in the critical stages[1,14,20]. Cycling in elite athletes during training and competition activities that do, are aerobic [4,5,16]. Disciplines such as karate and taekwondo martial arts kicks and leg movements that have the greatest impact on sports scores, having developed lower limb is essential for athletes. Larger than the upper or lower extremities, the movement is more comfortable and the leg kicks. Degree in systems that require endurance, such as cycling, cardio - vascular and respiratory tract are more developed, Development of the upper extremities increase the volume of the chest and abdominal area and it would be better with the expansion of the lungs and oxygen is helpful. The smaller the lower extremities caused by the shorter lever, so it comes lower torque [11,12]. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the people who assisted in this study.

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A Comparison Between Elite Cycling and Karate Athletes