/ .. /

.. THE NINTH (JUNE 1, 1870,)

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS,

AXD u:sm:tt nm )JU:l::t:T!O::I OF 'IHI::

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR,

UY

FRANCIS A. ~ALKER, ,PUPERINTENDENT OF fENSUS ,

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS LIBRARY ..

WASHINGTON: GOVER~MEN1' PRINTINd OFFICE.

1 8 7 2 .

84

OOl'T'rENTS.

Ammal Report of the Snperinternlent. of Ccns1rn, RHhrnitt.ing the '1':1.blc'~ of tltP

Comprnclinm of the Ninth Cm1s11s-Novcmber 1, 1872 ..... . . ............. .

POPULA'l'IOX, WI1:H RACE.

TAnr,E I.-Aggregntc I>opulatiou, by States auLl Territoric3, <it each Ceusu~ .. · II.-White Population, ·iu like m:umer. .• ...... .... ..... . ............

IIl.-Coloretl Popul11tion, in like manner ........ , .....•.............. . lV.-Free Colorecl Population, iu like manner ........................ . V.-Shwc Population, in like manner .......•...•...............•....

Vl.-Chincse,·Japanese, and Civilizccl Iudian Population, in like manner YII....,..True (as distinguished from Constitutional) Population, by States

nml Territories, 1870 .... ·.· .............•.................... YIII.-Popnfation, by Counties, a,t each Census, 1870-17!)0 .............. .

IX.-Popnfation of l\finor Civil Divisions, with General l'fntivity an<l Tiace, 1870 ....... . .......•. .... .. .. .. ........ . . . ... .. ......

NATIVITY AND NATIONALITY.

P~1~0.

1

8 10 12 14 16 18

20 24

110

X.-Populatiou, as Native, Foreign-born, nntl of Ii"oreign Parentage, by States a,nd Territories, 1870-lSG0-1850............. •.. ... .... 376

XI.-Native Population, distributcLl according to State (or Territory) of Birth, by States aml Territories, 1870.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 378

XII.-Native White Population, in like manner....................... . 383 XIII.-Native Colore<l Popnl::ttion, in like 11rnm10r... .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . • 388 XI\7.-Foreign-born Population, tlistrihutcll acconliug to Place of Birth

among the Principal Foroigu Countries, by States,aml Territo-ries, 1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

XY.-German Popnhttiou, tlistrilmtoLl accordiug to Plac~ of Birth among the Principal States am1 Free Cities of Gcrw•iur, by States and Tcrrit0ries, 1870 . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 394

XVI.-British-European Population, distributed acconling to Plaee of Birth, as Euglisll, Irislt, Scotcll, aml '\Velsll, ]Jy St•ttos and Territories, 1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 3£J6

XYII.-B1·itish-Ameriean l'opulation, tlistributed according to Place of Birth among tl:c Principal Gcograpl.tieal Di\·isions of British America, 1Jy Staks and Tcnitor!os, 1870 . . . . . • • . . . • . . • . . . . . . . 3!)7

XVIII.-Nativo antl Foreign·l)Orn Population, distriUutet1 a,ceorcling to Place of Birtll amoug Certain Specified States of tl.te United States antl Forcigu Countries, by Counties, in each State am1 Territory, 1870 ..... .. . •••........... . , . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3!13

XIX.-Native Population of Fifty Prineip[tl Cities, tlistrilmtctl according to State (or Territory) of Birth, by States antl Te•ritories,1870. 444

XX.-Yorcign-born Popnlation of Fifty Principal Cities, tlistribute<1 aceorcUng to Place of Birth among the Principnl Foreign Countries, by Stat.es a,ntl Territories, 1870.. . . . . . . . . . • • • . . • • . • 448

..

IV CONTENTS.

:SCHOOL ,\TTE~DAKCE AND ILLITERACY.

'l'.\ i..;u·:- l 'agc. :XXL-Sd10ul Attemhuec :uul School Ages, b~' Skite8 a11tl 'l'crriloriet<,

1870 • ••• .••. . .•.••.••...••••• ·.·•••• • .. . ..••••• •• • •• •• . • • • • • 4()2 XXU.-School Attendance aml School Ages, by·Statc~ aml Territories ,

18(i0 ............... '. . • • . . . • . • . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • • • • . . . . 4;;,1 :XXIIl.-Sehool Attcnllauee aml School Ages, by S!atcs arnl Territories,

1850. .. • . •• .• • . •. . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . • • .. . . • . . . . . . 45::; XXIV.-Illiterac~-, by States aud Territories, 1870 . .... ~ ....... !'.. . . . . . . . . 4::i6 · X.'\:V.-Illiterney, by States and Tenitories, 1860 . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . • . . . . . . . . 4r.R

' XXVI.-Illiteraey, by StateR aml Territories, 1850 . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • 4Gfl XXVII.-School Attendanee and Illiteracy (with Population) of Fifty Prin-

cip:i,l Cities, 1870 . • . . • . . . . . • . . . . • • . . . • . . . . . • • . • . . . . . • . . • . • . . 4GO

SCHOOLS, LIBRARU:S, NEWSPAPERS, AND CHUlWHES.

XXVIII.-Sehools, All Classes, by States :Lnd Territories, 11370 ..... .... .. ••• XXIX.-Schools, Public, by States and Territories, 1870 .••.•.........•.•• XXX.-Schools, Not Publil', Classical, Professioual, a1Hl Techuical; by

States antl Territories, 1870 . ••••.•••... .. .' .• • • .•••••••....•• XXXI.-Sehools, Not l'ublie, other than Classical, Professional, and Teclmi­

cal, by States aml Territories, 1870 ..•...• .. ...•..•.......... XXXII.-Schools, All Classes, by States and Territories, l::>GO •••• ••• •••••••

XXXIII.-Sehools, All Classes, by States and Territories, 1850 ••.... .. .....• XXXIV.-Sehools, by Classes aml Kinils, in each State :Lml Territory, 1870 •.

XX..."'CV.- Librarie;; in the United States, 1870- 1860--1850 . ••••.•.••... · . ..•. . XXXVI.-Libraries, by States antl Territories, 18i·o •••• •.. .•••..•.....•..•..

487 488

489

4GO 491 492 493

"'~ XX.XVIl.-Ncwspa1)crs in the United States, lJy P eriods of Issue, 1870 ...... . '-.X.XXVIIl.-Newspa1)ers in the United Sfates, lJy Classes, 1870 ... ......... ... .

505 G06 508 509 510 51-t

XXXL"'C.-Newspapersof all Classes, lJy States and Territories, 1870-lSG0-1850. XL.-Churches, in t.11e United States, 1870-18!i0-1850 . ......... ..... ... .

XLI.-Churehes of All Denominations, by States and Territories, 11370-1860-1850 ..•• .•. •.•.• •.•• •• ••••••••.. . ••.••.••••• ••.•.•.... 516

XLII.-Churdies, Fifteen Selected Denominations, by Sk,tes and Territo-ries, 1870 ••..••.•.••..•.•••.•••••••...•••.••......•••...•••

PAUPEIUS~I AND CHIME.

XLill.-Pauperism autl Crime, with Popnlatiou, by Stales a.ml Territories, 1870. .. .. •• .• • ••• • • .• • . • . •• . . . . • . . . • .. • . . . • . . . . .. . . • • •• • . . • 5:~0

XLIV.-Pauperism and Crime, with Population, by States and Territories, 1860 - _ ............ .. . . _ .. .... ______ . _ •......... ___ ... _ ... _. . . G'.12

XLV.-Pauperism and Crirue, with0 Popuh1tion, lJy States and Territories, 1850. ••••.• .. . ••• .• . . •• .. • . •. • • • • .. . • .. . . • • . • •• • •• . .. • • .. . . [134

AREAS, FAJ.\IILIES, AND DWELLIKGS.

XLVI.-A.reas, Families, autl Dwellings, 1870-1860-1850.. ... ... ••.. . . . ... 1'>40 XLVII.- Fnmilies and Dwellings in Fifty'Prineipal Cities, 1670.. .... .. . .. • r,4:1

SEX, AND SCHOOL, l'IIILITAI~Y, AND CITIZENSHIP AGES.

:XLYIII.-Sex of the Aggregate Populati011, with General Nativity, 1870.. .. G46 XLIX._;_Scx of thQ 'Vhite Population, wit,h General Nativity, 18i0.. •. . • . . !'»4i.

L.-Sex of the Total Colorccl Population, with General Nntivity, 1870. 548 LI.-Scx of the Blacks, with General Nativity, 18i0 . • • • • . • • . • • . • . . • . . 519

CONTENTS.

J:AJ>LE--

LlI.-Sex of the Mulattoes, with General Nativity, ltl70 ............. · .. . LIII.-Sex of the Chinese Population, with General Nativity, 1070 ..... . LIV.-Sex of the Civilized Indian Population, with General Nativity,

1870 ..................•......... - ........ ·- ............... . LY.-'l'hc Xutnral :Militia, ''ith tho Total :Male Population, J.i:y Stn.tes arnl

Territories, 1870 ....•..................................... -. LVL-Citizenship, with tho Total Male Po1mlation, by States ;ind Teri'i-

tories, 1870 .........•..•..................•.............•... L YII.-School, :Military, :rn<l Citizenship Ages, with Sex, for the School

Ages, and for All Ages, lJy Counties, 1870 ...••..•.....•...••.

OCCUPATIONS.

LVIII.-Occupations: Nmulior antl Sex: of Persons ougagetl in each Class,

v PngP.

!)r10 G51

l.iy States allll Territories, 1870 . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 LL'L-Occupations: Perio(ls of Life of Persons engagctl·iu each Class, by

States and TelTitorics, 1870 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 596 LX.-Occupatious: Nationality (Selected) of Perseus cngagctl in all

Classes, lJy States flllll Tenitorics, l.870 ...•.....•••....•..•.• ' W8 LXI.-Occupations: Nationality (Selcctetl) of Person;; cngagctl in Agri-

culture, in like lllanucr ......•..... _.... •. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 LXII.-Occupations: Nationality (Selected) of Persons cu gaged in l'crsonal

and Professional Services, in like manner................ . . . . GOO LXIII.-Occupations: Nationality (Scledeu) of persons engaged in Trade

and 'l'r::msportation, in like manner . _. _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 001 LXIY.-Occupations: Natiouality (Solcctcll) of Persons eugagell iu llfanu·

facturiug, 1\Ieclmnical, aml 1\Iiuiug Iudustrics, iu like manner. Go-2 LXV.-Occupations :· Tl.to UnitCLl States-By Classes, ;i,ml severally, with

Periods of Life and Nationality (Sclcctc(l) of Perseus occnpied, 1870 ........•....•.........•..•..... '....................... 604

LXVI.-Occnpatious: :f'ifty Cities-Period of Life of Pcrnous engaged in each Class, U:i70...... • • . • . . . . • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . 618

LXVII.-Occupations; Fifty Cities-Nationality (Seleetetl) of Persons en-gagctlin all Chtsscs, 1870 . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G20

LXVIII.-Occu1mtions: :Fifty Citieu-Nationality (Selectcll) of Persons en-gaged in Agricul tm·c, 1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fi21

LXIX.-Occupations: Fifty Cities-ifatiouality (Selected) of .Persons en-gaged in Personal and Profossicual Services, 1870 • . . • . . . . . . . . fi\!'2

LXX.-Occup;itions: fifty Cities-Nationality (Sclcctctl) of Perseus en-gaged in Trade aml Transportation, 1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G'!3

LXXI.-Occnpatio1;1s: :Fifty Cities-Nationality (Selcctccl) of l'erso1rn rn­gaged in ilfanufacturing, i\Icchanical, anil lllining Iuchrn1 riPs, 1870 ....•.........•.........•...... ········ ... . -· .. -· .... -· 624

THE BLIND, DEAF .AND DUUB, INSANE, AND IDIOTIC.

LXXII.-The Illiud, with Haco anu Sex, by States :iml Terri tori.cs, 1s; 0.. .• fi2G LXXIII.-The Blind, with Nativity, by States and Territories, 1870. .. . . .• . . G~!

LXXIV.-The Deaf and Dnmu, witll Race and Sex, lJy States anll Territories, 1870 .................•.......... - ... - - ..•..... -... - . . . . . . . . r.·23

LXXV.-Thc Peaf antl Dumb, witll Nativity, by St;ites and 'l'erritorieR, • 1870 ....... ------ •······•·•·•········ •....... ···•···· ...... fi29

LXXVI.-The Insane, with Raco autl Sex, liy States and Territories, 1870. .. G~O

LXXVII.-The Insane, with Nativity, lJy States ~nd Territories, 1870........ G31 LXXVIII.-The Idiotic, with Race and Sex, by States aml Territories, 18i0. .. 632

LXXIX.-The IcUotic, with Nativity, by States nml Territories, lBiO. . . ••.•• 63'.l

i ' l CONTENTS.

WEALTH. TAXATION, AND PUBLIC INDEnn:nsESS.

T\l:f.E- J>flgf'. r.:1s G-10 .r..11

LXXX.--Y;;ltrntion of Property, l>y States mul Territories, 18JO-l8f>O-l1<W .. LX..UJ.--Tn.xation, hy States and Territories, 1870-1860 ..•.•..............

LXX:XJT.-Pnhlic Tmlehtedncss, by Stn,tes all(l TcrritorieR, 1870 ...... .' ..... . LXXXTTT.-Y:tlnation, Tax:-ition, autl Pnblic Indebtedness, l1y Connties, in c:1~h

Sbtc a.nd Territory, 1870 .....•..•.... . ............. . ...... .

AGRICULTURE.

LXXXIY.-Farms: Their number and Acreage, by States autl Tcnito1·icx, 1870-1860-1850 ..•.. _ .. _ .. _ .•... __ ........ _ ... ·.... . . . . . . . . . . c:<s

LXXXV.-Yalnc of Farms, farming Implements, and l\Iachinory, uy States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850 .•.••....... ·. .. .. .. ... ... .. . . WO

LXXXVI.-Valne of Farm Productions and 'Vages, by States all(l Territories, 1870-1860-1850 ... ........... _ . .... .. ........ _ ................................. __ ....... GP::

LXXXYII.-Principal Cereal Productions, l>y States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850 ..... _ • _. . . . . . • . • • . . . • • . . . • • . • • • • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . C94

LXXXVlII.-Principal Filirous Productions, by States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850 _ .... _ .. _ .......................... _ ... __ . _ . __ . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. fi~lS

LXXXIX.-Hay, Hops, Rice, and Tobacco, by States n.ml Territories, 1870-lSG0-1850 ····-·· ··-··· ···•···· ··---· •..•...•..•..•.•..••.... ···- 700

XC.-Sugar and Molasses, by States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850 .. . . 702 XCI.-Potatoes, P eas and Beans, Beeswax, Honey, antl Domestic 'Yiues,

' by States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850 ...••••..••..•...•• .' 70-1 XCII.-Clover, Grass, and Flax Seed, by States and Territories, 1870-1660-

, 1850 .•...•.....•••...••.....•...•..•..•.... - - • . . • . • . • . . • . . . 707 XCIII.-LiVe Stock, on Farms, by States and Territories, 1870-1860-1850.. 708 XCIV.-Dairy Prouucts, by States anu Territories, 1870-1860-1850 .. .. . .. . 711 XCV.-Selected Statistics of Agriculture, by Counties, in e:.tch State aml

Territory, 1870..... ••• • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •.• • . • • • • • • . . . . • •• • • • . • • 712

l\IANUI<'AC'l'URES.

XCVI.-Manufacturcs, by 'l'otab of States and 'l'crritorie:;, 1870....... .. . . 7!>6 XCVIJ.-1\Iunufaetures, by Totals of States and Territories, 1860. .. .•• . . . . . 798

XCVIII.-llfanufactures, by Totals of States aml Territories, 1850..... •. . . . . 7!.l!.l XCIX.-llfanufaetures, by Specifieu Industries, in tho Uniteu States, 1870 . ROO

C.-llfanufactures, by Totals of Counties, in each State antl Territory, 1870 .••••.. ,_ .• . .•. . . .• •. . . . . . . . . . • •. . • . . . . . . . •• . . . . . . . . • . . 812

Cl.-Mannfacturer., in each State aurl Territory, by Selected Intlustries, 1870 .••••••. . ..•••...••••..•.. ... ••...• : ..•.. .. - • . • . . . . . . . . 848

CII.-llfanufactures: Principal Intlustrics, (Groups,) by States and TeITi-tories, 1870 .. _ ..•. _ .... _ ...... __ .. _ .............. __ ...... _ . _ .................. : .. 87~1

CIJT.-J\fanufactures: Special Statistics for Principal Industries, by States and Territories, 1870, containing-

Agricultural Implerucnts ..•..•.• .. .. .. . . ·. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 88G Bagging: Flax, Hemp, and Jute............ ........... . . 886 Boots antl Shoes .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 .Brick and Tile ................. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 Cheese, (Factory,) with Dairy prnducts ..... . .. .. .. .. . ... 894. Carpets, other than Rag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 Cotton Goods ............................ " ... - ...... -. . 896 Flouring and Grist-mill prot1ucts ....................... - DOO Hosiery .................... .....•...••.... ·... . . . . • . . . . . 90'2 lndia-rnbber anll Elnstic goods . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . 002

CJ 11.-l\launliwlurno, &c.-Cout,iuuet1. Jron, Blooms- -. -- - .•..••.....•.•..... • • .... ·.; __ ...... __

l)ig ·----- ·----· ......... ··---- ------ .... . ............ ... ..... .. Fo1·gm1 .. _ . _ .... ___ ......• _ ..••.• • ...... __ .. ___ . _ Rolled __ _ . ___ . _ ...•.••...... ___ ... _ . _ ... __ ... _ ...

Cast - ...... ·····- ---··· ·-·- -·-· ..•. ____ ··---· ___ _ Lca<l, pig· -- ----·- -··- ________ ·-·· •.••.. ·-·· ··-- .... ... . Ll:'ather, curried_. _______ ._ _. ___ _ ·. __ . ___ . _____ _ . _____ ___ . Leather, tanned.- __ ---- ___ -·-- ______ -·-· _____ _____ __ .·- __

Lumber, sawed -- ...• ..• : .. ........ ·-···- ...... ··-··· .. ::\Iusical instruments ... _._. _____ . __ . __ . __ .. ___ . _ . __ .•. _.

Nails a,nd t11cks ____ ·--··- ·----- -----· ···--· -····· ··---· Prints .... _. __ .. _. _ . _____ . _____ . ______ •. ____ . __ • __ .• , .•

Salt_·-_ -- ___ . __ . -· ____ ·----· ·-----. -···· --· _ ---- ·--- .. Scwiug_-machines ...•....• _ •... _ •. ___ • . _ ....•••.•..•....

Silk. ---- -- -- -· --- --· --- ·-- .• - -- .... -· · ·- - --·. ·· ·-. ·---Steel . ____ .. ___ ..• _. __ _____ __ _ ... _. _ •..... __ _ . .. .. ____ _

Sugar and Molasses, Raw cane .••••••.. ___ · - .. _ .. ____ . __ Sugar and Molasses, Refined caue ___ . _ ... __ .. _. ___ . _ .•.. Tar and Turpentine .....• -· ... -·- .••••• __ .• ··- __ .. _ .. __ Tobacco, Cigars _____ ... ··-.·-·_ •••••.•• ·-._ •. _.-· ••..• .' Toliacco, Chewing :tnd Smokiug, ant1 Snuff .. __ ._ ... __ •.. \Voolen Goods .••••••.• • .••••.••••...••• . ••.••.•...••... '\Vorsted Goods. · ..•.•• -·-·-·----. ___ ·- · · ......•.•• ---· __

CIV.- Miuing·, including Quarryiug of Stone, Slate, aml Marble, Boring for Mineral Oil, and Cutting of Peat., uy States and Terri-tqries, 1870. ___ . ____ . _ . __ ... __ . __ .. _ .-. _ .. _ .. __ ..... _ ....

CV.-l<'faheries, (excepting the '\Vbale Fisltery,) by States and Territories, 1870 ___ .... ···- . .•. · · -· •. -· ....••..•. ·- •..•.. ···- -· ·-·· ·- ..

\ ' l I

~JtJ!) -UO!l !JO(i UOli !llO !!l·l !JH urn !118 U:.!O !120 ~:!2

!}~~~

::t!t-l !l',!;I

!J;!.l

:m D2G 927 !!"28 930 :132 938

!J.10

::111

REPORT OF

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE NINTH CENSUS.

DEP.ARTJ'IIENT OF THE IN'l'ERIOR, CENSUS 0Fl<'ICE,

• November 1, 1872.

Sm: I have the honor to advise the Department of ths completion of the work of the Ninth Census; and I take the occasion of the annual report, required by law to be rendered at this time, to submit the entire material for the Compendium authorized by the concurrent resolution of l\Iay 31, 1872. The extended tables, to be comprised in the quarto volumes authorized by the resolution of April 10, 1871, are in the hands of the Congressional Printer, and nearly all are in type. Both the text and the tables of the Population volume have been for some time await­ing the completion of the maps designed to illustrate this volume; and it is anticipated that bound copies will be upon the desks of members at the assembling of Congress in December. The two remaining quarto volumes are complete in the Congressional Printing Offic~; one of them, the volume o:i Vital Statistics, being in typo. Of the other volume, tllat 011 the industry of the United States, about one hundred pages remain as :yet untouched.

I am ad vised that it is probable, notwithstanding the enormous pres­sure on the Printing Office from the legislative matter thro\vn upon it in tbe first weeks of the session, that tbe last of the quarto volumes of the census ·will be completed early in January.

I cannot pass this point without acknowledging the advantage which this Office has derived from the manner in which its necessarily heavy demands upon the Congressional Printing Office have been met. The intelligent interest taken in the work by the Hon. A. :i\I. Clapp, Oon­gressional Printer, and t_he zeal and efficiency of his subordinate officers, ha>e amounted to a positive re-enforcement of the Census Office. But for facilities far beyond what any Bureau officer has a right to claim, the publication of the census volumes must have been carried far over into the next year.

In the course of the census, occasion has been found but too frequently to note uefects in the act of 1850, under which, notwithstanding the vast changes which the country has undergone, both in the conditions of enumeration and in the proper subjects of. statistical inquiry, the census of the United States continues to be taken.

..

•

2 COMPENDIUM OF THE NINTH CENSUS.

In the report renderecl from this Office on the 26th of December of last year, which report is made a part of the Population volume soon to issue from the press, a full discussion was had of the general s.rstem of enumeration now in force, while the particular deficiencies in the schedules of 1850, and in the agencies provided for the collection of the material relatiug thereto, have been discussed in immediate connection with the individual tables of the several quarto volumes, nearly every im­portant table being prefaced by a body of remarks in which are set forth the errors known or suspected to exist therein, with such explanations as could be afforded of the reason of such errors, whether it be found in the nature of the subject, iu the scheme of inquiry, 01: in the machiuery created for the purpose by the act of 1850. The limits of a Compendium will not allow of the reproduction of•these remarks at length, nor could they generally be abridged to advantage. It has, therefore, lJeen deemed desirable to accompany the tables of the present publication with refer­ences to the extended tables on the same subjects, and the discussions relating thereto, in the several quarto volumes, so that those who have occasion to use the statistics of the census for purposes requiring great exactness of detail and, nicety of treatment, may be assisted to consult the fuller reports at libraries and pulJlic offices, should they not be per­sonally iu possession of them.

The appropriation of $25,000 made at the last session of Congress for preparing anrl publishing maps for illustrating the quarto volumes of the census, has been expended with results which it is belieYed will meet the hearty approval of Congress and the country. The greater portion of the maps printed under this appropriation -were prepnred at the Census Office, out of its own material. For the purpose, however, of illustrating more completely the sanitary and industrial conditions of the country, certain other maps ha\e been prepared, in respect to which the Census Office bas lJeen the recipient of favors from iudivid- · uals and institutions, whose names and titles the Superintendent feels it a high honor.to lJe allowed to associate with his work. To that emi­nent and venerable scholar, Professor Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institntioiv and to Professor Charles A. Schott, of the Coast Survey Office, acknowledgment is dne for maps showing, se\er­ally, the annnal distribution of rain and the courses of the lines of equal temperature; charts eloquent with instruction upon the agricul­tm'al capabilities of the country and the conditi0ns of human life among us. Professor A. Guyot, of Princeton College, through his publishers, l\Iessrs. Scribner, Welford & Co., of New York, kindly plaGCd at the dis­posal of this Office the plates of his valuable physical map of the country, to which Professor Schott has, with the permission of the Superintend­ent of the United States Coast Survey, added by far the most com­plete and accurate series of elevations yet attained. These three maps ha\e been used to Ulustrate the \olume on Vital Statistics.

Professor Charles R. Hitchcock, of Dartmouth College, assisted by

C01'IPEND1Ul\I O"P THE NINTH CENSUS. 3

Professor ·william P. Blake, of New H~wen, h:1_s prepared a geological map, to be found in the .-olume ou Industry, upou which arc laid down eight principal formations, with a comprehensiveness, a precision, anu a degree of detail ne.-er before attempted in the geological description of tile United States. All the "\\Ork thus kindl:r contrib"t1tell to the pub­lications of the census has been reproducell iu tllc best style of the engrav­ing art, and the St1perintendcnt can feel no hesitation in claiming for the results the bigllest value, both iu popular instruction a.ml in the positive increase of scientific knowledge.

Of the maps prepared at the Census Office, se.-en lrn,.-e been assigned to the illustration of the Population volume', four to the volume on Vital Statistics, and four to the volume on Industry. l\Iost of these maps are double, presenting two distincf subjects, generally selected for pur­poses of <lirect contrast. The maps in the Population volume exhibit the density of total population ; the distribution severally of the colored and the foreign clements of population; the dispersion over the States of the natives of certain specified foreign countries, vi;o: Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Norway, England and "\Yales, China, and British America; the illiteracy and the wealth of each section in contrast; and, finally, the geographical and political divisions of the United States at each period of its existence, from the organization of the Government to the latest census year.

The maps illustrative of the volume on Vital Statistics show the range, and, within the range, the degree of prevalence of four specific ·diseases, or groups of l1iseases, .-iz: 1st, consumption; 2d, typhoid, typhus, and enteric fe\ers; 3d, malarial diseases; 4th, dJ·sentery, <1iarrhea, and enteritis.

The maps illustrative of the volume on Industry exhibit the range and degree of cultivation of five principal crops, viz: cotton, corn, wheat, hay, and tobacco, and also the dairy products of each State and section.

The possibilities of this style of illustration arc practically without limit. Tlle present, as the first attem1)t of the kind in th~ United States, may uc fouml to contain faults of treatment in some particulars; but it is not doubted that this will hereafter be an ess;ential part of the census report. A thousand persons will thus obtain, without effort, just aml vhid impressions in respect to the most important features of their country, physically, socially, and industrially, where one will, by long and painful study of t.he tables of ti1e ceusns, create such a series of pictures in his own mind.

The cordiality with which the press and tlie country ha Ye recognized the early publication of the prime results of the ccnsnf;l has afforded ample compensation to the Superintendent for all the efiort that has been required to accomplish the completion of the u-ol'l~ of compilation within two years from the conclusion of the enumeration. 'rhere is uo reason, hotreYer, why, with such modifications of existing laws as "·onld iJJsure tllat the material sliould come originally to the Census Office in :proper

4 CO:\lPENDIU:\1 OJ? THE NINTH CENSUS.

shape for tabulation, the entire compilation should not be concluded within a year from the date of the first receipt of returns. It is not possible for one who has had such painful occasion as the present Super­intendent to observe the workings of the census law of 1850, .to charac­terize it otherwise than as clums.y, antiquated, and barbarous. The machinery it provines is as unfit for nse in the census of the United States, in this day of adYanced statistical science, as the smooth-bore, muzzle-lo'ading "Queen's-arm" of the Revolution would be for serYice against the repeating-rifle of the present time. It ought not to be pos­siule that another census should. be taken under this law: such a thing ought not to be seriously proposed. I'hc country lias suffered niorc than enough already of discredit and of loss on account of the >1retched in­sufficiency and ina.ppropriateness of the pro>isions of this ill-constructed and outgrown statute.

1 do earnestly recommend that the attention of Oongrnss be especially inYited to the propriet,y and expediency of an intermediate census, to be taken in 1875, in preparation for the approaching centennial celebration of the political birth ,of' the nation. A census of the United States taken under a system and with a management which would secure the publication of the results by the 1st of Jnne, 187G) would be a noble monmnent to erect at the end of a century of the nation's life. It would mark off the first graml stage in an industrial and social progress altogether unprecedented in history, and serve as the starting-point of a fresh career which we have; under Proyi<lence, reason to believe shall be greater and happier yet.

Another consideration, which strongly influences me in this recom­mendation, is the belief that a census in 1875 would secure the taking of the Federal census thereafter at intervals of five years only. The intenal of ten years fixed by the Constitution has been fo:md to be far too 101.ig for all the uses to which the statistics of the census are put, except only for the redistribution of congressional representation.

So rapid are the ii:ternal changes of the country, oftentimes setting calculation at naught, so fierce and .vast the growth of' the 1:i.."'tion as a whole, that the hiatus in the statistical information at the commantl of the legislator, the pamphleteer, the journalist, and the social and polit­ical philosopher, becomes positively painfnl fiye or six ;years after the date of the censns. ·yvhoeyer will ~all to mind the estimates as to the population and >1ea1th of cities, States, and sections which immediately before the occmrence of the last census >1ere popularly put forth, were made the material of political and industrial speculation, and were m·en taken as the basis of State and national legislation, will hardly be dis­posed to question that the cost .of a census·once in fiye years would be amply repaid by the light it would shed upon the condition of the people and the progress of the nation in populat ion and wealth. Were the country once to learn by practical experience the adrnuta.ges of a quiu-

COJ\IPENDIU.111 OP THE NINTH CENSUS. 5

quenuial enumeration, it. is not likely tllat a longer· perio(l would ever tl.10rca.fter be allowed to intervene between the Fclleral censuses.

In the report rendered from this Office December 3G, 1871, mention was made by mime of several gentlemen connected with the Office, to whom acknowledgments were due for highly meritorious serYices. In closing the work of the Ninth Census, it is now my pleasant duty to publicly recognize the zeal arnl activity of George D. Ilarriugtou, esq., the chief clerk of the Bureau, aud the intelligent and spirited co-oper­ation of Messrs. Henry Stone, 0. S. Mixter, and S. A. Galpin. :IVIore tllan a formal acknowledgment is due from me to l\Ir. S. \V. Stocking, the chief of the Division of Results, from whose hands has gone to press every page of the census reports of 1870. A. projector by nature, of farge resource and indefinite capndty for work, lie has pro,·ed a most valu­able assistant in deYising the forms and methods of compilation and of publication. The first clerk appoiuted at my instance, after my owu appointment as Superintendent, in February, 1870, I respectfully recom­mend him to you as a person eminently qualified to discharge the duties. of census clerk of the Imerior Department during the interval between the Ninth and the Tenth Census.

l\fr. A. S. Bocrnstein has ' ' cast" nearly eYery tab.le 9f the present census, and has superintended the reading of the proof'. One of the most capable printers in the United States, an artist in his craft, the typogrnphical excellence of the series of volumes of which this now submitted is the last, bas been in no small measure due to his.industry and taste.

To yourself, l.10norcd sir, I have again to tender heartfelt thanks for generous and cordial support in the duties of my office.

Very respectfully, your obedient sernmt, FRANCIS A. WALKER,

Hon. OoLu:Mnus DELA.No, Seerefory of the Interior.

Superintendent.

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